raffaele ferrari - climawave turbulence dimes = diapycnal and isopycnal mixing experiment in the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Data-Driven Ocean ModelingRaffaele Ferrari
Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MITCaltech, March 29 2018
Allen Center Allen
![Page 2: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ocean Modeling ChallengeOcean circulation is very turbulent: parametrization problem
![Page 3: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sub-Grid-Scale Physics
Neutral density (kg m3) section in the Pacific Ocean (WOCE, P16)
boundary layer turbulence
geostrophic turbulence
wave turbulence
Du
Dt+
1
⇢0rp� bz�r · (⌫ru) = �r · u0u0
| {z }Reynolds stresses
Db
Dt�r · (rb) = �r · u0b0| {z }
Reynolds fluxes<latexit sha1_base64="ZP1J9GAvi6sFSdiNaC4LEpA4xaA=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="ZP1J9GAvi6sFSdiNaC4LEpA4xaA=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="ZP1J9GAvi6sFSdiNaC4LEpA4xaA=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="ZP1J9GAvi6sFSdiNaC4LEpA4xaA=">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</latexit>
![Page 4: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Boundary Layer BiasesAssessment of Southern Ocean mixed-layer depths in CMIP5 models
Sallée et al. 2013
![Page 5: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Boundary Layer Biases
Richter 2015
Model bias is largest in regions where turbulence is strongest
![Page 6: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Present day approach to reducing model biases
state estimation
parameterization
![Page 7: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Process studies + LES = parameterizations
![Page 8: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geostrophic turbulenceDiapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean
Observations
“LES” modelNew SGS parameterization
Tulloch, Ferrari et al. 2014; Bates, Marshall and Ferrari 2016
S = S(KH , f, slope)<latexit sha1_base64="Do7aFTNBP6rP8BLAPLhLhDQritY=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyFCqUkIuhGKLopuKloL9CEMJlO2qGTTJiZiCXkCdz4Km5cKOLWtTvfxmmbhbb+MPDxn3M4c34/ZlQqy/o2lpZXVtfWCxvFza3tnV1zb78teSIwaWHOuOj6SBJGI9JSVDHSjQVBoc9Ixx9dTeqdeyIk5dGdGsfEDdEgogHFSGnLM8up4wfwNoMXMKfKtdeoBlVn6POHVDIek+zYM0tWzZoKLoKdQwnkanrml9PnOAlJpDBDUvZsK1ZuioSimJGs6CSSxAiP0ID0NEYoJNJNp+dksKydPgy40C9ScOr+nkhRKOU49HVniNRQztcm5n+1XqKCczelUZwoEuHZoiBhUHE4yQb2qSBYsbEGhAXVf4V4iATCSidY1CHY8ycvQvukZls1++a0VL/M4yiAQ3AEKsAGZ6AOGqAJWgCDR/AMXsGb8WS8GO/Gx6x1ychnDsAfGZ8/Fgya4Q==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Do7aFTNBP6rP8BLAPLhLhDQritY=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyFCqUkIuhGKLopuKloL9CEMJlO2qGTTJiZiCXkCdz4Km5cKOLWtTvfxmmbhbb+MPDxn3M4c34/ZlQqy/o2lpZXVtfWCxvFza3tnV1zb78teSIwaWHOuOj6SBJGI9JSVDHSjQVBoc9Ixx9dTeqdeyIk5dGdGsfEDdEgogHFSGnLM8up4wfwNoMXMKfKtdeoBlVn6POHVDIek+zYM0tWzZoKLoKdQwnkanrml9PnOAlJpDBDUvZsK1ZuioSimJGs6CSSxAiP0ID0NEYoJNJNp+dksKydPgy40C9ScOr+nkhRKOU49HVniNRQztcm5n+1XqKCczelUZwoEuHZoiBhUHE4yQb2qSBYsbEGhAXVf4V4iATCSidY1CHY8ycvQvukZls1++a0VL/M4yiAQ3AEKsAGZ6AOGqAJWgCDR/AMXsGb8WS8GO/Gx6x1ychnDsAfGZ8/Fgya4Q==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Do7aFTNBP6rP8BLAPLhLhDQritY=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyFCqUkIuhGKLopuKloL9CEMJlO2qGTTJiZiCXkCdz4Km5cKOLWtTvfxmmbhbb+MPDxn3M4c34/ZlQqy/o2lpZXVtfWCxvFza3tnV1zb78teSIwaWHOuOj6SBJGI9JSVDHSjQVBoc9Ixx9dTeqdeyIk5dGdGsfEDdEgogHFSGnLM8up4wfwNoMXMKfKtdeoBlVn6POHVDIek+zYM0tWzZoKLoKdQwnkanrml9PnOAlJpDBDUvZsK1ZuioSimJGs6CSSxAiP0ID0NEYoJNJNp+dksKydPgy40C9ScOr+nkhRKOU49HVniNRQztcm5n+1XqKCczelUZwoEuHZoiBhUHE4yQb2qSBYsbEGhAXVf4V4iATCSidY1CHY8ycvQvukZls1++a0VL/M4yiAQ3AEKsAGZ6AOGqAJWgCDR/AMXsGb8WS8GO/Gx6x1ychnDsAfGZ8/Fgya4Q==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Do7aFTNBP6rP8BLAPLhLhDQritY=">AAACDnicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV26GSyFCqUkIuhGKLopuKloL9CEMJlO2qGTTJiZiCXkCdz4Km5cKOLWtTvfxmmbhbb+MPDxn3M4c34/ZlQqy/o2lpZXVtfWCxvFza3tnV1zb78teSIwaWHOuOj6SBJGI9JSVDHSjQVBoc9Ixx9dTeqdeyIk5dGdGsfEDdEgogHFSGnLM8up4wfwNoMXMKfKtdeoBlVn6POHVDIek+zYM0tWzZoKLoKdQwnkanrml9PnOAlJpDBDUvZsK1ZuioSimJGs6CSSxAiP0ID0NEYoJNJNp+dksKydPgy40C9ScOr+nkhRKOU49HVniNRQztcm5n+1XqKCczelUZwoEuHZoiBhUHE4yQb2qSBYsbEGhAXVf4V4iATCSidY1CHY8ycvQvukZls1++a0VL/M4yiAQ3AEKsAGZ6AOGqAJWgCDR/AMXsGb8WS8GO/Gx6x1ychnDsAfGZ8/Fgya4Q==</latexit>
![Page 9: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Wave turbulenceDIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean
Observations
“LES” model
Mashayek, Ferrari et al., 2017
![Page 10: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wave turbulenceDIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean
Observations
New SGS parameterization
N2 [1/s2] #10-61 2 3
Heightabov
ebott
om
[m]
500
1000
1500
2000
0 [W/kg]10-10 10-9 10-8
500
1000
1500
2000
5; [m2/s3]10-5 10-4 10-3
500
1000
1500
2000
N2 [1/s2] #10-61 2 3
Heightabov
ebott
om
[m]
500
1000
1500
2000
0 [W/kg]10-10 10-9 10-8
500
1000
1500
2000
5; [m2/s3]10-5 10-4 10-3
500
1000
1500
2000
F = u0b0 = �rb<latexit sha1_base64="VqHkXDu1UI3mPXM1RMkfW0M9sMY=">AAACIHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsEjdWGZEqJtCURCXFewDOqXcpBkNzWSGJCOUYT7Fjb/ixoUiutOvMX0stHog5HDOvTe5hySCa+N5n87C4tLyymphrbi+sbm17e7stnScKsqaNBax6hDQTHDJmoYbwTqJYhARwdpkeDH22/dMaR7LGzNKWC+CW8lDTsFYqe9Ws4CE+DLHNRzEtnA8J5toaTkn5byGj3EwhCQBHEggwl4EFCZ9t+RVvAnwX+LPSAnN0Oi7H8EgpmnEpKECtO76XmJ6GSjDqWB5MUg1S4AO4ZZ1LZUQMd3LJgvm+NAqAxzGyh5p8ET92ZFBpPUoIrYyAnOn572x+J/XTU141su4TFLDJJ0+FKYCmxiP08IDrhg1YmQJUMXtXzG9AwXU2EyLNgR/fuW/pHVS8b2Kf31aqp/P4iigfXSAjpCPqqiOrlADNRFFD+gJvaBX59F5dt6c92npgjPr2UO/4Hx9AxRUoak=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="VqHkXDu1UI3mPXM1RMkfW0M9sMY=">AAACIHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsEjdWGZEqJtCURCXFewDOqXcpBkNzWSGJCOUYT7Fjb/ixoUiutOvMX0stHog5HDOvTe5hySCa+N5n87C4tLyymphrbi+sbm17e7stnScKsqaNBax6hDQTHDJmoYbwTqJYhARwdpkeDH22/dMaR7LGzNKWC+CW8lDTsFYqe9Ws4CE+DLHNRzEtnA8J5toaTkn5byGj3EwhCQBHEggwl4EFCZ9t+RVvAnwX+LPSAnN0Oi7H8EgpmnEpKECtO76XmJ6GSjDqWB5MUg1S4AO4ZZ1LZUQMd3LJgvm+NAqAxzGyh5p8ET92ZFBpPUoIrYyAnOn572x+J/XTU141su4TFLDJJ0+FKYCmxiP08IDrhg1YmQJUMXtXzG9AwXU2EyLNgR/fuW/pHVS8b2Kf31aqp/P4iigfXSAjpCPqqiOrlADNRFFD+gJvaBX59F5dt6c92npgjPr2UO/4Hx9AxRUoak=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="VqHkXDu1UI3mPXM1RMkfW0M9sMY=">AAACIHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsEjdWGZEqJtCURCXFewDOqXcpBkNzWSGJCOUYT7Fjb/ixoUiutOvMX0stHog5HDOvTe5hySCa+N5n87C4tLyymphrbi+sbm17e7stnScKsqaNBax6hDQTHDJmoYbwTqJYhARwdpkeDH22/dMaR7LGzNKWC+CW8lDTsFYqe9Ws4CE+DLHNRzEtnA8J5toaTkn5byGj3EwhCQBHEggwl4EFCZ9t+RVvAnwX+LPSAnN0Oi7H8EgpmnEpKECtO76XmJ6GSjDqWB5MUg1S4AO4ZZ1LZUQMd3LJgvm+NAqAxzGyh5p8ET92ZFBpPUoIrYyAnOn572x+J/XTU141su4TFLDJJ0+FKYCmxiP08IDrhg1YmQJUMXtXzG9AwXU2EyLNgR/fuW/pHVS8b2Kf31aqp/P4iigfXSAjpCPqqiOrlADNRFFD+gJvaBX59F5dt6c92npgjPr2UO/4Hx9AxRUoak=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="VqHkXDu1UI3mPXM1RMkfW0M9sMY=">AAACIHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsEjdWGZEqJtCURCXFewDOqXcpBkNzWSGJCOUYT7Fjb/ixoUiutOvMX0stHog5HDOvTe5hySCa+N5n87C4tLyymphrbi+sbm17e7stnScKsqaNBax6hDQTHDJmoYbwTqJYhARwdpkeDH22/dMaR7LGzNKWC+CW8lDTsFYqe9Ws4CE+DLHNRzEtnA8J5toaTkn5byGj3EwhCQBHEggwl4EFCZ9t+RVvAnwX+LPSAnN0Oi7H8EgpmnEpKECtO76XmJ6GSjDqWB5MUg1S4AO4ZZ1LZUQMd3LJgvm+NAqAxzGyh5p8ET92ZFBpPUoIrYyAnOn572x+J/XTU141su4TFLDJJ0+FKYCmxiP08IDrhg1YmQJUMXtXzG9AwXU2EyLNgR/fuW/pHVS8b2Kf31aqp/P4iigfXSAjpCPqqiOrlADNRFFD+gJvaBX59F5dt6c92npgjPr2UO/4Hx9AxRUoak=</latexit>
Mashayek, Ferrari et al., 2017
![Page 11: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Boundary layer turbulenceClimate Process team on Eddy Mixed Layer Interactions
“LES” model with no frontu (m/s)
u (m/s)
“LES” model with lateral front
New SGS parameterization
S = µ(z)h2
|f | z⇥rb<latexit sha1_base64="3zh1xG3NKZuIu65D5iMa8JYgncM=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="3zh1xG3NKZuIu65D5iMa8JYgncM=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="3zh1xG3NKZuIu65D5iMa8JYgncM=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="3zh1xG3NKZuIu65D5iMa8JYgncM=">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</latexit>
Fox-Kemper, Ferrari and Hallberg 2008, Taylor and Ferrari 2010
![Page 12: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Boundary layer turbulenceCLIMODE Experiment
Observations
“LES” model
Tomas, Joyce, Taylor and Ferrari et al., 2013
![Page 13: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Observations + global model = state estimation
![Page 14: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ocean state estimation
FloatsShip profiles
Altimeters
Gravity
MIT Ocean Model and Its
Constrain global ocean circulation by assimilating in situ and remote data in global ocean solutions
![Page 15: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A new approach to reducing model biases
Schneider et al., 2017
![Page 16: Raffaele Ferrari - CliMAWave turbulence DIMES = Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean Observations New SGS parameterization N2[1/s2]#10-6 1 2 3 H e i g h](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050202/5f55d1c4a41dc24c4d5de75e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Moving forward
1. Develop unified SGS process models of boundary layer turbulence in the atmosphere and ocean
2. Develop global atmosphere and ocean model with horizontal resolution of a few kilometers and with SGS models that learn from the fly from nested LES and global observations through scalable algorithms for DA/ML
3. Couple the atmosphere and ocean models
Improve the representation of SGS physics in climate models