Rapid-Fire Review of Yesterday!!!• Rapid-fire means RAPID!!• Come up & draw a question• You’re the teacher! Call on someone (be FAIR!)– If they answer correctly/ completely (no cavemen) they get $$ & get to ask the next question– If they answer incorrectly or not completely, you pick

someone else!

If your victim answers correctly,

they are off the hook & can’t be called on again!

– August 3rd- Germany declared war on Russia’s ally: France– Next day – Germany slices through neutral Belgium on the

march to France, Britain declares war on Germany• Long before, Britain had formed an alliance with Belgium

12 3

To recap…KNOW THE

MAP!

Trench WarfareKaiser: German emperor

Pickelhaube

!!

Means pickaxe + bonnet

• Europeans on both sides of the conflict thought the war would be very short

• 1914-1918 instead—“The Great War” or WW1

Back Pocket Info…

• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria & Ottoman (Turkish) Empire

• Allied Powers: France, Britain, Russia– Eventually, 21 other nations would join the Allies

B

Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

How can YOU

remember

Central &

Allied?

FBR

GABO

November 14 – stalemate: deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other takes place when

Germany advances an Allied counterattack

The two sides fought 3 years & created mazes of trenches protected by barbed wire

Soldiers spent day after day shelling enemy trenches– Trenches: shallow ditches or elaborate tunnels that served as

headquarters & first-aid stations– Between the front-line trenches of each side = “no man’s land” of barbed wire

An attack begun with hours of heavy artillery fire from the back

Then groups charged (under orders from their officer) “over the top” of trenches

OVER THE TOP, MENNNNNN!!!!!

Soldiers with rifles would race across no man’s land to attack the enemy

If lucky – they may overrun a few trenches

Before long enemy would launch a counterattack with similar results

Constant struggle lasted back & forth over a few hundred yards of territory

New weapon was gas: chlorine & mustard gassesClouds floated into & flooded trenches,

choking & blinding soldiers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTY7v1Q_vnc

Most offensives: trench battles were long & deadly

– Battle of Verdun: lasted 10 months in 1916. Germans lost 400,000 men trying to overrun French lines & France lost even more

– In the East, German & Austria-Hungarian armies faced off against Russia & Serbia

If there’s time…..

• WW1 footage of wind-chemical warfare & how it’d be used most efficiently http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22w1UVGv71M

• Discover Channel: Surviving the Cut, “U.S. Marine Recon” – Marines in training need to be able to pass certain tests… such as hiking with 200lb dummies & kit-bags uphill through tear gas! This simulates a successful ambush… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnwoImblCI0

– August 3rd- Germany declared war on Russia’s ally: France– Next day – Germany slices through neutral Belgium on the

march to France, Britain declares war on Germany• Long before, Britain had formed an alliance with Belgium

12 3

Trench Battle Time!!!!!

• Get a piece of scratch paper• Don’t have one?... Ask your

neighbor• Write EITHER the number

#1, #2 or #3 on your paper• Keep it secret…keep it safe

When your general (me) yells “over the top”…launch your offensive & hold your trench! No faces!!!!

Be careful not to cross into no man’s land!… When I sound the fallback alert pick up the “shell” that

landed closest to you… only pick up 1! Keep it crumpled until everyone is seated…

FOR TOMORROW (do it now): Answer ONLY the question on the worksheet corresponding with the exact #

“shell” that landed nearest to you that you picked up