SIR G

Research Rationalization

RESEARCH - DERIVED FROM THE French word “cerchier” meaning to seek or search

Con - trolled Crit - ical Em - pirical Sy - stematic

investigation of a hypothetical proposition related to natural phenomenon.

Must be conducted to affirm or deny a hypothesis PHENOMENON – anything that affects human lifeEx.

disease, signs & symptoms, procedures, HYPOTHESIS – educated guess, scientific guess,

tentative statement of a supposed answer.

Ex. Not known yet if true of false, right or wrong

Nagel, 1961. - Basic research (or pure research)

“knowledge for knowledge’s sake” Wysocki, 1983 - basic research is to generate and refine theory. Abdellah & Levine, 1979 - Applied research (or

practical research) generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice .

Purpose Ma - ke decisions So - lve problemsPre - dict or control outcomes in real-life practice

situations.

Purpose of Nursing ResearchGENERAL – to develop new knowledge and technology to improve the

practice of nursing and the provision of services for the attainment of health for the people

ULTIMATE GOAL – to improve quality of life  Specific Purposes of Nursing Research EXPLORE

to obtain richer familiarity with the phenomenon DESCRIBE to obtain complete and accurate information about a phenomenon EXPLAIN to provide conceptual analysis grounded in observation or human

behavior EXPERIMENT to test hypothesis about relationships TEST to determine responses to a proposed method, procedure, product PREDICT to estimate the probability of a specific outcome

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NURSING RESEARCH

Beneficence Freedom from Harm Freedom from Exploitation Benefits from Research Risk/Benefit Ratio

Respect for Human Dignity Right to Self-Determination Right to Full Disclosure

Justice Right to Fair Treatment Right to Privacy – anonymity and confidentiality

Informed Consent Vulnerable Subjects External Reviews/Committees  

PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS NURSING PROCESS RESEARCH PROCESS

Data collectionProblem definitionPlan Goal setting Identifying solutionsImplementationEvaluating and revising process

Assessment Data collection Data interpretationNursing diagnosisPlan Goal setting Planned interventionsImplementationEvaluation and modification

Knowledge of the world of nursingClinical experiencesLiterature reviewProblem and purpose identificationMethodology plan Design Sample Methods of measurement Data collection Data analysisImplementationOutcomes, communication of findings, and use findings

in practice

4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

S - ystematic – follow step by step process. From identification of problem to conclusion. E - mpirical– proper objective. To collect data facts & evidence to support hypothesis.

C - ontrolled – proper planning/ direction. Research design. C - ritical investigation – fact finding investigation.

PURPOSE OF ASIENTIFIC NURSING RESEARCH

D – descriptive purpose. Gain richer familiarity regarding a phenomena. Observation. 100% known to RN. E – exploratory purpose. 50% still unknown to RN. E – experimental purpose. Perform manipulation Perform intervention. What to find out cause & effect. D – developmental purposes. For improvement of system of care.

F NIGHTINGALE Birthplace. Italy Training ground: Germany Greatest contribution: environmental

theory & training of RNs in Crimean War

School: St. Thomas School of Nursing 

10 MAJOR STEPS1. Iden - tification or formulation of research

problem

2. Review - of related literature

3. Concept - ualization of conceptual/ theoretical framework

4. Formula - tion/ Adapting hypothesis

5. Choo - sing the a - ppropriate design

6. Choo - sing s Sam - ple from pop

7. Condu - cting final study or pilot study

8. Coll - ection of data base

9. Ana - lysis & interpretation of data base

10. Disseminat - ing the conclusion & recommendation.

SOURCES (CLIENT) OF GOOD PROBLEM

C – conceptsL – literaturesI – issuesE – essaysN – nursing problemsT – theories

CHAR OF GOOD PROBLEM G – general applicability – result should be helpful or

applicable to all.basic/ Pre – for personal knowledge

Applied – focus is solving problems of others Re – researchable – collectable & abundant dataF – feasible or measurable - time - money/ cost - participants -

instruments - experience - proper ethics of good researcherI – importantN – novelty – original to avoid plagiarism.S – significant

ETHICS OF A PROPER RESEARCHER

S – scientific objective always (good faith) C – consentI – integrityE – equitable (appropriate acknowledgments)

liable forN – noble – Respect 3 basic rights of research

sampleT – truthfulnessI – importance of topic to nursing professionC – courage to look for data.

Legal owner of chart: Hospital Legal owner of data in the chart: Patient Plagiarism – illegal replication: no consent &

acknowledge

3 rights of sample/ pt Right not to be harmed Right to self determination – get consent & right to

withdraw consent Right to privacy

anonymity – privacy of identity of informantconfidentiality – name given but privacy of info/

data

Variables – anything that is subject t change on manipulation.

Independent variable – target population IV – stimulus intervention Dependent variable – response DV – response measured Independent variable(stimulus)

Target Population(Organism)

Dependent Variable(Response) 

Place of work

Filipino RNsReviewers

Financial income early review Jan

Review of related literature Purpose: for proper formulation of conceptual &

theoretical framework.  Theory – relationship bet concepts Conceptual framework. Illustration showing

relationship between variables Paradigm- diagrammatic presentation /

illustration of conceptual framework. Source of review literature

Conceptual Sources – authors & conceptualists ( DOH book, Lippincott, Mosbys)for general use, can be sold. 2. Research sources – researchers cant be sold.