rawa-imeretis...

besik gafrindaSvili

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi

(gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda)1529-1820 ww.

Tbilisi 2015

2

mTavari redaqtori: roin metreveli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, akademikosi

redaqtori-koreqtori: nino sadRobelaSvili

damkabadonebeli: ekaterine oqropiriZe

ydis dizaineri: giorgi xuciSvili

© besik gafrindaSvili

© Besik Gaprindashvili

ISBN 978-9941-0-7880-4

3

Sinaarsi

redaqtorisgan ..............................................................................................5winasityvaoba .................................................................................................7wyaroebisa da literaturis mimoxilva ......................................9 Tavi I. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia da masSi Semavali saepiskoposoebi dasabamidan XVI saukunemde ................................................................18Tavi II. axali saepiskoposoebis (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) daarseba imereTis mefis bagrat III-is TaosnobiT XVI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi 1. § axali saepiskoposoebis daarsebis motivi da mizani ........................................................................................................34 2. § gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da sazRvrebi ................................................................................................373. § xonis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da sazRvrebi ................................................................................................524. § nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da sazRvrebi ..............................................................................55Tavi III. saepiskoposoebis marTva-gamgeoba XVI–XVIII saukuneebis dasavleTsaqarTveloSi da episkoposebis ufleba-valdebulebani ...........................................................................66Tavi IV. raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis (gelaTi, xonis, nikorwminda) socialur – ekonomikuri mdgomareoba .....................................................................74Tavi V. genaTeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi (1529-1820) ...................................................93TaviVI. xoneli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi (1529-1820) ..................................................188Tavi VII. nikorwmindeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi (1534-1820) ...................................226daskvna ...........................................................................................................257gamoyenebuli wyaroebisa da literaturis sia ..................264

5

redaqtorisgan

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriis Seswavla metad mniSvnelovania. arsebiTia, roca am istoriis Seswavlas calkeuli saepiskoposoebis istoriis SeswavliT viwyebT. besik gafrindaSvilis winamdebare naSromi raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebisadmia (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) miZRvnili. wignSi gadmocemulia gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis istoria XVI s-is 20-iani wlebidan XIX saukunis 20-iani wlebis CaTvliT (1529-1820 ww). faqtobrivad esaa periodi am saepiskoposoebis istoriisa daarsebidan gauqmebamde. es saepiskoposoebi dasavleT saqarTvelos (`afxazeTi~) sakaTalikosoSi Semavali erTeulebi iyvnen.

besik gafrindaSvilma zemoTxsenebuli saepiskoposoebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani cnobebi moipova. arsebiTia dokumenturi wyaroebi, gansakuTrebiT genaTeli, xoneli da nikorwmindeli episkoposebis mier gacemuli an damowmebuli sabuTebi, agreTve imereTis mefeTa, dasavleT saqarTvelos (“afxazeTis”) kaTalikosTa da didgvarovan feodalTa mier gacemuli Sewirulobis wignebi, sigel-gujrebi, sabegro nusxebi. xelnawerebis saxiT inaxeba sxvadasxva masala, sadac zemoTxsenebuli periodis eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobebia mocemuli. yuradReba aqvs miqceuli ucnobi (ucxoeli) avtorebis monacemebsac.

avtorma gamoiyena masalebi, romlebic gamoqveynda `kavkasiis arqeografiuli komisiis~ angariSSi; aseve 1819-20 wlebSi raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebSi Catarebuli saeklesio gardaqmnebis Sesaxeb arsebuli masalebi.

besik gafrindaSvilma garkveuli adgili dauTmo sakiTxis istoriografias.

avtoris daskvnebi sagulisxmoa: imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565 ww.) TaosnobiT gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis daarseba imereTis mefisTvis politikuri dasayrdenis gaZlierebas ganapirobebda. saeklesio moRvaweni ZiriTadad mefis erTgulni da mxarSi

6

mdgomni iyvnen. b. gafrindaSvili azustebs, rom `parizis qronikisa~ da `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ mier daculi cnobebiT gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebi 1529 wels unda daarsebuliyo, avtori kvlevis Sedegad azustebs nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis dros – 1534 wels.

wignSi xazgasmulia, rom raWa-imereTis (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) saepiskoposoebi ara marto saeklesio centrebi iyo, aramed kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kerebs warmoadgenda da didi wvlili Sehqonda qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi.

niSandoblivia, rom gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebma da iq moRvawe episkoposebma am saepiskoposoTa arsebobis periodSi - sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani kvali datoves qarTveli eris istoriaSi.

besik gafrindaSvilis wigni bevri siaxliT gamoirCeva. igi uTuod daainteresebs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriiT dainteresebul qarTvel mkiTxvels. `raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi~ (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) qarTuli istoriografiis kargi SenaZenia da uTuod daiWers Tavis adgils saistorio literaturaSi.

7

winasityvaoba

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias da mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof saepiskoposoebs mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. saepiskoposo sakaTalikosoSi Semavali calke administraciuli erTeuli iyo. dro-Jamis viTarebidan gamomdinare, zogierTi saepiskoposo kaTedra uqmdeboda da maT nacvlad Cndeboda axali saepiskoposoebi, an garkveuli periodis Semdeg xdeboda gauqmebuli saepiskoposoebis aRdgena. sazogadoebrivi yofa–cxovrebis ganviTarebis paralelurad icvleboda saepiskoposoebis sistemuri mowyobac. adreqristianul xanaSi daarsebuli saepiskoposoebi, struqturulad gansxvavdebodnen ganviTarebuli da gvianfeodaluri xanis saepiskoposo kaTedrebisgan.

raWa-imereTis, kerZod gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebs sxva uZveles qarTul eparqiebTan erTad, mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi. Cvens naSromSi asaxulia raWa-imereTis, kerZod, gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis istoria XVI s-is 20-iani wlebidan XIX-s-is 20-iani wlebis CaTvliT (maTi daarsebidan gauqmebamde). aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebi afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosoSi Semaval calke administraciul erTeulebs warmoadgendnen, romlebsac hqondaT kargad gamarTuli mmarTvelobis sameurneo meqanizmi da saganmanaTleblo sistema. am kaTedraze msxdomi episkoposebi, garda sasuliero moRvaweobisa, aqtiurad iyvnen CarTulni saero cxovrebaSi da mniSvnelovani wvlili SehqondaT qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis politikur da kulturul saqmianobaSi.

XVI s-is pirvel naxevarSi (1529), imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510 – 1565) iniciativiT, quTaisis saepiskoposos gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebi gamoeyo, ramdenime wlis Semdeg (1534) mefe bagratma saepiskoposo kaTedra daaarsa nikorwmindaSic. bagrat III-is mier daarsebulma gelaTis,

8

xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebma sami saukune iarseba. XIX s-is dasawyisSi ruseTis imperiis mier qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis gauqmebas, mravalsaukunovani saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba mohyva. 1811 wels gauqmda mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikoso, 1814 wels ki afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso. ruseTis xelisuflebis davalebiT axlad Seqmnilma saqarTvelos saegzarqosom, egzarqos Teofilaqte rusanovis TaosnobiT, 1817 wlidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daiwyo, rac miznad isaxavda qarTuli eklesiis rusuli eklesiis yaidaze mowyobas. reformis ZaliT 1820-21 wlebSi gauqmda raWa-imereTis oTxive saepiskoposo kaTedra (quTaisi, gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) da imereTis eparqiaSi gaerTianda.

naSromSi Seswavlili da dazustebulia gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis daarsebis TariRebi da sazRvrebi. gamokvleulia genaTeli, xoneli da nikorwmindeli episkoposebis mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba da Sedgenilia maTi qronologiuri rigebi. agreTve, Sua saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saepiskoposoebis marTva-gamgeobis wesebi da episkoposebis ufleba-valdebulebani. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis socialur-ekonomikur sakiTxebzec. gamokvleulia, Tu ra saxis meurneoba iyo ganviTarebuli aRniSnul saepiskoposoebSi; rogori iyo sagadasaxado sistema da ra raodenobis gadasaxadebi hqondaT dakisrebuli saeklesio glexebs; rogori iyo saepiskoposoSi Semavali sxvadasxva socialuri fenebis ufleba-valdebulebani da sxva.

Cven mier moZiebul dokumentebSi mraval sagulisxmo cnobas vxvdebiT saqarTvelos saeklesio da politikuri istoriidan. amitom, raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis istoriis Seswavla, saeklesio istoriasTan erTad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis Seswavlis kuTxiTac aris mniSvnelovani. imedi gvaqvs, es wigni ara marto saqarTvelos saeklesio, aramed saqarTvelos politikuri da socialuri istoriis mkiTxvelsac daainteresebs.

9

wyaroebisa da literaturis mimoxilva

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) Sesaxeb, mwiri, magram mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba qarTul da ucxour naratiul wyaroebSi. gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebis daarsebis Sesaxeb qarTuli naratiuli wyaroebidan cnobebi daculia axali qarTlis cxovrebasa da egreT wodebul ̀ parizis qronikaSi.~ raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebsa da maT sazRvrebze saubrobs vaxuSti batoniSvilic. misi saistorio Txzulebis calkeul monakveTebSi, sxvadasxva periodSi moRvawe genaTeli episkoposebis Sesaxebac vxvdebiT cnobebs. aRniSnul sakiTxebze cnobebs vxvdebiT farsadan gorgijaniZis, papuna orbelianis, niko dadianis da daviT batoniSvilis istoriul gadmocemebSic.

dokumenturi wyaroebidan am mxriv mniSvnelovania genaTeli, xoneli da nikorwmindeli episkoposebis mier gacemuli an damowmebuli sabuTebi, agreTve imereTis mefeTa, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosTa, didgvarovan feodalTa Sewirulobis wignebi da sigel-gujrebi, saeklesio glexebis sabegro nusxebi da sxva. aRniSnuli sabuTebi inaxeba saqarTvelos centraluri arqivis, saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centris, quTaisis centraluri arqivisa da quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis xelnawerTa fondis sacavebSi. am sabuTebis didi nawili sxvadasxva gamocemebSi gamoqveynebuli aqvT: e. TayaiSvils, s. kakabaZes, n. berZeniSvils, S. burjanaZes, i. doliZes da sxvebs. nawili am dokumentebisa dRemde gamouqveynebelia da maTi mniSvneloba raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis istoriis Seswavlis dros Zalian didia.

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia ucnobi avtoris mier XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi aRwerili ukanaskneli xoneli episkoposis anton CijavaZis (1771-1820) cxovreba, romelic xelnaweris saxiT inaxeba xelnawerTa erovnuli centris H fondSi, nomriT 2784. unda aRiniSnos, rom es xelnaweri wigni

10

sruli saxiT dRemde gamouqveynebeli iyo da misi ZiriTadi nawili Cvens mier gamoqveynda Jurnal `macnes~ 2013 wlis I nomerSi, statiaSi - `xoneli mRvdelmTavrebis vinaobis dadgenisaTvis.~ ̀ antonis cxovrebaSi~ daculi mniSvnelovani cnobebi asaxulia Cvens naSromSic.

mniSvnelovania XIX s-is 10-20-iani wlebis saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTeblebisa da imereTSi mivlinebuli rusi oficrebis mimowerebi, romlebic raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebSi arsebul viTarebas Seexeba. aRniSnuli werilebi gamoqveynebulia krebulSi: `Акты Кавказскою археографическою коммиссию,~ romelic ramdenime tomad gamoica XIX s-is 60-70-ian wlebSi. nawili aRniSnuli werilebisa gamoqveynebulia s. kakabaZis wignSi - `imereTis samefos gauqmeba,~ romelic gamoica 1956 wels.

sayuradReboa 1819-20 wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi da maT Soris raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebSi Catarebuli saeklesio reformis Sesaxeb arsebuli dokumentebi, romelTa nawili Tavmoyrilia n. maxaraZis naSromSi ̀ Восстание в Имеретии.~ (masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis nakveTi III Tb. 1942).

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis Sesaxeb arsebul naratiul da dokumentur wyaroebs avsebs qronikebi da anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic darTulia sxvadasxva monastrebSi gadaweril saxarebebsa Tu wmindanTa cxovrebebze. maTi didi nawili gamoaqveyna Tedo Jordaniam, naSromSi: `qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa.~ naSromi sami tomisgan Sedgeba.

CvenTvis sagulisxmo cnobebs vxvdebiT epigrafikul Zeglebze, freskebsa da jvar-xatebze Sesrulebul warwerebSic. raWa-imereTis epigrafikuli Zeglebisa da freskuli warwerebis didi nawili Seswavlili da gamoqveynebuli aqvT m. broses, a. muraviovs, d. baqraZes, g. wereTels, g. boWoriZes, eqvTime TayaiSvilsa da sxvebs.

aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Seswavlis dros did daxmarebas gviwevs ucxoeli misionerebisa da mogzaurebis cnobebi. maT Soris, TeaTineli beris kristoforo kastelis,

11

antioqieli patriarqis makariosis, frangi iuveliris Jan Sardenis, germaneli mogzauris giuldenStedtis, kapucini misioneris leonisa da sxvaTa gadmocemebi. mniSvnelovania rusi elCebis - aleqsi ievlevisa da nikifore toloCanovis imereTis samefoSi elCobis muxlobrivi aRwerilobis angariSebi, romlebSiac xSirad arian naxsenebi im periodSi moRvawe (1650-1652 ww.) genaTeli, xoneli da nikorwmindeli episkoposebi. rus elCebs aRwerili aqvT gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi da iq daculi siwmindeebic. isini cnobebs gvawvdian nikorwmindis taZrisa da mis maxloblad mdebare nikorwmindeli episkoposebis rezidenciis Sesaxebac.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Seswavla XIX saukunidan daiwyo. 1826 wels moskovSi gamoica wigni `история Грузинской иерархии,~ sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria IV saukunidan XIX saukunis 20-ian wlebamde. naSroms axlavs saqarTvelos arqiepiskoposebisa da kaTalikosebis qronologiurad Sedgenili sia, agreTve dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi XIX s-is 20-ian wlebSi arsebuli eparqiebisa da eklesia-monastrebis aRwerilobani. wignSi moTxrobilia oseTsa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis sxva xalxebSi qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxebac.

mokled aris asaxuli saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria pl. ioselianis naSromSi `Краткая историа Грузинской церкви~, romelic peterburgSi daibeWda 1843 wels.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mecnieruli kvleva XIX s-is meore naxevridan gafarTovda. am saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis iv. javaxiSvils. didi mecnieri gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda, rom wlebis manZilze sruliad uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli qarTuli saeklesio istoria, romelic saqarTvelos samoqalaqo istoriis Sesaswavlad, mraval sagulisxmo da gamosadeg cnobebs inaxavda (javaxiSvili: 1977: 26). iv. javaxiSvilma naSromSi `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~ calke Tavi miuZRvna eklesias, sadac gamokvleulia Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wes-wyobileba da sasuliero pirTa ufleba-valdebulebani

12

(javaxiSvili 1984: 13-85).sxvadasxva dros qarTuli saeklesio istoriis

Seswavlis saqmeSi TavianTi wvlili Seitanes: m. brosem, n. marma, d. baqraZem, n. kondakovma, m. sabininma, m. janaSvilma, T. Jordaniam, e. TayaiSvilma, k. kekeliZem, s. kakabaZem, s. yauxCiSvilma, m. lorTqifaniZem da sxva mecnierebma. maT gamoikvlies araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi da gamoTqves saintereso mosazrebebi.

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia m. TamaraSvilis Sromebi: `qarTuli eklesia dasabamiTgan dRemde~ da `istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,~ sadac mravali saintereso sakiTxia gamokvleuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriidan.

aRsaniSnavia episkopos kirionis mier 1901 wels gamoqveynebuli wigni: `Краткий очерк истории Грузиской церкви и екзархата за XIX столетие.~

1918 wels m. kelenjeriZem gamoaqvyna `saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle istoria.~

sabWoTa epoqaSi qarTuli eklesiis istorias, qveyanaSi gabatonebuli aTeisturi ideologiis gamo, naklebi yuradReba eqceoda da Sesabamisad mcire iyo am sakiTxebze momuSave mecnierTa ricxvi. erT-erTi maTgani gaxldaT n. berZeniSvili. CvenTvis sagulisxmoa misi naSromi dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio wes-wyobilebis Sesaxeb (berZeniSvili 1971:).

niSandoblivia b. lominaZis Sromebi. maT Soris, misi kvleva afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelo) sakaTalikoso taxtis biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadmotanasTan dakavSirebiT, agreTve Sua saukuneebSi arsebul saeklesio miwaTmflobelobis formebze da sxva (lominaZe 1966:).

ukanaskneli oci wlis manZilze qarTuli eklesiis istoriis kuTxiT kvleva gafarTovda da mravali samecniero naSromi Seiqmna. maT Soris aris meufe a. jafariZis mier oTx tomad gamocemuli ̀ saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria.~1 aRsaniSnavia r. metrevelis redaqtorobiT 2000 wels gamocemuli naSromi `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

1 ix. axal saepiskoposoebis daarseba...

13

patriarqebi,~ sadac qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT aris gadmocemuli saqarTvelos kaTolikosTa da kaTolikos-patriarqTa mokle biografiuli cnobebi saqarTveloSi kaTolikosobis dawesebidan dRevandelobamde. 2010 wels r. metrevelis avtorobiT gamoica meore naSromi - `saqarTvelos mefeebi da patriarqebi.~ aRniSnul SromebSi CvenTvis mraval sagulisxmo cnobebs vxvdebiT.

saeklesio istoriis kuTxiT ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegad saintereso naSromebi Seqmnes: v. goilaZem, g. mamuliam, b. kudavam, T. qoriZem, T. jojuam, b. diasamiZem, s. vardosaniZem, e. bubulaSvilma, g. kalandiam, T. qarTveliSvilma, p. gabisoniam da sxva mecnierebma.

uSualod raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis Sesaxeb calkeuli samecniero naSromebi arsebobs, magram es Tema srulyofilad dRemde ar Seswavlila da aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebis istoria erTian WrilSi ar ganxilula.

gelaTis monastris istoriis Sesaxeb pirvelad 1888 wels gamoqveynda d. RambaSiZis naSromi - ̀ gaenaTis monasteri~ (RambaSiZe 1888), genaTeli episkoposebis qronologiuri rigis Sedgenis pirveli mcdeloba hqonda p. cxviloels (karbelaSvils). mis mier 1892 wels Jurnal `mwyemsis~ ocdameore nomerSi gamoqveynebul genaTel episkoposTa qronologiur rigs (mwyemsi 1892: nom. 22, 11), bevri uzustoba axlavs Tan, rasac momdevno TavebSi SevexebiT. magram miuxedavad amisa, p. cxviloelis aRniSnuli mcdeloba dasafasebelia.

gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis sakiTxs Seexo e. TayaiSvili da gamoTqva varaudi, rom gelaTSi XVI sukunemdec arsebobda saepiskoposo kaTedra (TayaiSvili 1920: 32). es mosazreba gaiziara s. kakabaZem, rodesac afxazeTis kaTalikosis - malaqia abaSiZis mier gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis damadasturebeli sigeli gamoaqveyna (kakabaZe 1921a: 10).1

gelaTis, rogorc udidesi sasuliero centrisa da amave

1 ix. axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba...

14

dros erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli saganmanaTleblo keris Sesaxeb, mravali samecniero naSromi daiwera momdevno xanebSi. maT Soris aris s. yauxCiSvilis mier 1948 wels gamocemuli `gelaTis akademia,~ sadac moTxrobilia daviT aRmaSeneblis mier gelaTSi daarsebuli saswavlo centris - gelaTis akademiisa da iq moRvawe moZRvrebis (leqtorebis) Sesaxeb (yauxCiSvili 1948:). 1958 wels amave saxelwodebiT (gelaTis akademia) gamosca naSromi v. CakvetaZem da ufro farTod ganixila gelaTis akademiis imdroindeli yofa (CakvetaZe 1958:).

gelaTis samonastro kompleqsis istorias asaxavs 1948 wels gamocemuli m. gogsaZis wigni `narkvevebi gelaTis Zeglis istoriidan~ (gogsaZe 1948:).

gelaTis monastris istoria warmodgenilia b. lominaZis wignSi - `gelaTi,~ romelic 1955 wels gamoica (lominaZe 1955:). wignSi monastris istoriasTan erTad aRwerilia gelaTis samonastro kompleqsis Senoba-nagebobani. gadmocemulia genaTeli episkoposebis moRvaweobisa da maT mier gelaTSi Catarebuli aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebis Sesaxeb. gansazRvrulia ramdenime genaTeli episkoposis moRvaweobis wlebic.

gelaTis samonastro kompleqsis arqiteqturis, freskebisa da mozaikis mokle aRweriloba warmodgenilia r. memfisaSvilisa da T. virsalaZis mier 1982 wels gamocemul naSromSi `gelaTi, arqiteqtura, mozaika, freskebi~ (memfisaSvili... 1982:)

ukanasknel xanebSi gelaTis Sesaxeb Seqmnili samecniero Sromebis ricxvi sagrZnoblad gaizarda. 2006 wels gelaTis monastris mSeneblobis dawyebidan 900 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, quTaisis istoriuli muzeumis Sromebis XVI krebulSi Sesuli samecniero statiebi, mTlianad gelaTis Temas mieZRvna (q. i. m. Sromebi 2006:).

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia amave 2006 wels r. metrevelis mier gamocemuli monografia - `gelaTi, meore ierusalimi da axali aTina,~ romelic gelaTis istorias asaxavs (metreveli 2006:).

15

2007 wels gamoica l. tyeSelaSvilis wigni - ̀ gelaTi, meore ierusalimi da sxva aTina~ (tyeSelaSvili 2007:). aRniSnul wignSi erTi Tavi eZRvneba gelaTis saepiskoposos da iq moRvawe genaTel episkoposebs. Sedgenilia genaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigic.

l. tyeSelaSvilma calke wignad gamosca dosiTeos quTaTelisa da efTvime genaTelis cxovreba (tyeSelaSvili 2005:), sadac ZiriTadad asaxulia quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebis moRvaweobis ukanaskneli wlebi da maTi mowameobrivi aRsasruli.

2008 wels g. mWedliZem da m. kezevaZem, quTaisisa da gelaTis saepiskoposoebs vrceli naSromi miuZRvnes, saTauriT - `quTais-gaenaTis eparqia.~ naSromi moicavs periods quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebidan (daaxloebiT X-XI saukuneTa mijna) dRevandelobamde. masSi sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganxilulia gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi, aRwerilia genaTeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da sxva. Tumca naklebad aris gamaxvilebuli yuradReba gelaTis saepiskoposos socialur-ekonomikur sakiTxebze (g. mWedliZe... 2008:). naSromi sakmaod mravlismomcveli da sainteresoa.

2012 wels xelnawerTa erovnuli centris TaosnobiT gamoica `gelaTuri xelnawerebi~, sadac aRwerilia sxvadasxva dros gelaTSi gadawerili wignebi, romlebic amJamad xelnawerTa erovnuli centris sacavebSi inaxeba (gelaTuri xelnawerebi 2012:).

miuxedavad zemoT CamoTvlili Sromebis siuxvisa, gelaTis Tema amouwuravi rCeba da imedia mis Sesaxeb momavalSic mravali saintereso naSromi Seiqmneba.

gelaTisgan gansxvavebiT, mcire raodenobis samecniero naSromebi arsebobs xonis saepiskopososa da misi centraluri taZris - xonis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiis Sesaxeb. xonis wminda giorgis eklesiis da mis kedlebze Sesrulebuli lapidaruli warwerebis Seswavla XIX s-is meore naxevaridan daiwyo. pirvelad xonis eklesiis lapidaruli warwerebi gamoaqveyna m. brosem,

16

Semdeg a. muraviovma, d. baqraZem da g. boWoriZem. xonis eklesiasa da masSi dacul reliqviebs specialuri

naSromi miuZRvna e. TayaiSvilma, saxelwodebiT `xonis eklesia da misi siZveleni~ (Zveli saqarTvelo 1913-14:). avtors aRwerili aqvs xonis saydris lapidaruli warwerebi da taZris moxatuloba, xonis eklesiisTvis Sewirul nivTebsa da jvar-xatebze Sesrulebuli warwerebi, iq arsebul wignTsacavSi daculi xelnawerebi da sxva. amis Semdeg didi xnis ganmavlobaSi xonis eparqiis istoriis SeswavliT TiTqmis aravin dainteresebula.

1977 wels p. vaWriZis mier gamoqveynda naSromi `qalaq wulukiZis istoriidan,~ sadac xonis istoriul warsulze Txrobis dros, avtori xonis wminda giorgis eklesiasac exeba. mogvianebiT 1998 wels p. vaWriZem gamosca meore naSromi `xonis istoriidan,~ xolo 2000 wels `xonis samaswavleblo seminaria.~

xonis warsulis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs a. failoZis - `matiane xonisa,~ romelic avtorma or wignad gamosca (failoZe 1997: failoZe 2003:) aRniSnul naSromSi xonis istoriis paralelurad moTxrobilia xoneli mRvdelmTavrebisa da xonis samwysos Sesaxeb. avtori exeba xonis saepiskoposos ekonomikur mdgomareobasac.

mwiria Sromebi nikorwmindis Sesaxeb. raWis istoriuli Zeglebi, maT Soris nikorwmindis taZari da misi lapidaruli warwerebi, aRwerili aqvs g. boWoriZesa da e. TayaiSvils (boWoriZe 1994: TayaiSvili 1963:). maT mier aRweril epigrafikul ZeglebSi da jvar-xatebsa Tu sxva nivTebze Sesrulebul warwerebSi, CvenTvis mraval sagulisxmo cnobebs vxvdebiT.

raWa-leCxumSi arsebuli eklesia monastrebi da masSi daculi siZveleebi aRwera ambrosi xelaiam, rodesac 1902-1903 wlebSi imogzaura am mxareSi. man nikorwmindel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigis Sedgenac scada. misi naSromi `mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi,~ 2011 wels gamoica `mwignobroba qarTuli~-s me-12 tomSi (xelaia 2011:)

nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb Tavisi

17

mosazreba gamoTqva s. kakabaZem wignSi ̀ sjulmdebeli bagrat kurapalati~ (kakabaZe 1912: 6-8), Tumca, misi mosazreba samecniero wreebSi ar iqna gaziarebuli.�

XI s-Si dawerili nikorwmindis monastris winamZRvris sigeli Seiswavla, komentarebi daurTo da gamosca m. berZniSvilma (berZniSvili 1979:). sigels meore mxares axlavs XVI s-is nusxuriT dawerili manoel nikorwmindelis cnoba, romelic gvauwyebs imereTis mefis bagrat III-is mier nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis faqts.

zogadad, raWis istoriasa da raWis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs T. beraZis wigni `raWa~ (beraZe 2004:). agreTve raWis istoriaa asaxuli r. metrevelis mier gamocemul wignSi saxelwodebiT `raWa~ (metreveli 2013:).

raWis istoriasa da nikorwmindis eparqias miuZRvna statia g. guguSvilma (Jur. ̀ ornati~ 2003:), sadac mokled aris aRwerili nikorwmindeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba. nikorwmindeli episkoposebis qronologiuri rigi Seadgina m. murusiZemac (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008:).

Cvens naSromSi SevecadeT zemoT CamoTvlil SromebSi arsebuli xarvezebi Segvevso. gamoqveynebul dokumentebTan erTad moviZieT, SeviswavleT da gavaanalizeT am Temebis irgvliv dRemde gamouqveynebeli wyaroebi da axleburi kuTxiT warmovaCineT raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis istoria. ar gamovricxavT, rom srulyofili arc Cveni naSromi iqneba da masSi SeiZleba garkveuli naklovanebebi aRmoCndes, magram vfiqrobT, is saqarTvelos eklesiis da kerZod dasavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebis istoriis mkvlevarT, mcireoden daxmarebas gauwevs da waadgeba maT Semdgomi kvleva-Ziebis saqmeSi.

18

Tavi I

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia da masSi

Semavali saepiskoposoebi dasabamidan XVI

saukunemde

(mokle mimoxilva) saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

istoria I saukunidan iRebs saTaves. `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnobis mixedviT, qarTuli eklesia daamyara wminda mociqulma andriam, radganac man xeli daasxa saqarTvelos pirvel episkoposs awyurSi da dauarsa mas saepiskoposo kaTedra, romelSic mRvdlebi da diakvnebi hyavda (jafariZe 1996: 42). andria mociquls mounaTlavs adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da awyuris RvTismSoblis saxelze agebul taZarSi yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati daubrZanebia (iqve, 45).

saqarTveloSi qristianoba pirvel saukuneSi TviT qristes mociqulebma (andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma, mataTam) rom iqadages, amas ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ garda sxva qarTuli da ucxouri istoriuli wyaroebic adastureben (`Zeglis werai ruis-urbnisisa krebisai~, efTvime mTawmindelis, efrem mciresa da giorgi mcires Txzulebebi, epifane konstantinepoleli, epifane kvipreli da sxv.), magram rogorc Cans, momdevno xanebSi iberiaSi kvlav warmarTobam iZala da saWiro gaxda axali mociqulis movlineba. es misia IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi kapadokielma qalwulma ninom iTava.

ninos STagonebiT gaqristianebulma qarTlis mefe mirianma, romis imperator konstantines (306-337) qarTlSi sasuliero pirebis gamogzavna sTxova. mirianis gaqristianebiT gaxarebulma imperatorma warmogzavna: `mRdeli WeSmariti iovane episkoposi, da mis Tana mRdelni orni da diakonni samni~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 130). imperatorma konstantinem mirians mZevlad wayvanili Svili baqaric daubruna. am droisaTvis mcxeTaSi dasrulebuli iyo

19

eklesiis mSenebloba (iq sadac dRes sveticxovlis taZari dgas) da masobrivad inaTleboda adgilobrivi mosaxleoba: `...mirian mefeman ganasrula eklesiai saepiskoposoi da aRasrula satfurebai misi mravliTa didebiTa...~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 143). qarTlis samefoSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda da mcxeTis pirveli episkoposi bizantiidan movlinebuli iovane gaxda.

mecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT. radgan es sakiTxi amJamad Cveni kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgens, amazed didxans ar SevCerdebiT. arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT, qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi moxda da is, cxadia, ukavSirdeboda kapadokieli qalwulis ninos saqarTveloSi moRvaweobas.

qristianobis oficialuri aRiareba nikeis pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebamde (325 w.) unda momxdariyo egrisSic (goilaZe 1991: 112). aRniSnul krebas 318 episkoposi daeswro da maT Soris iyo biWvinTis episkoposi stratofile. stratofiles monawileoba nikeis saeklesio krebaze dasturia imisa, rom ara ugvianes IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi ukve arsebobda biWvinTis saepiskoposo kaTedra. im periodSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi sxva saepiskoposo kaTedrebis arsebobacaa savaraudebeli. v. goilaZes moyavs somexi istorikosis agaTangelosis Txzulebis berZnul da arabul versiebSi daculi cnoba, sadac saubaria petre sebastielis mier ibir-b-zxuas mitropolitad kurTxevaze, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelosTvis episkoposebi unda daeniSna. afxazTa qveyanaSi kapadokieli mRvdlis sofronis gagzavna, basianSi evTaliusis da alaneTSi (savaraudod albaneTSi) Tomas episkoposebad daniSvnac, kapadokiis kesariaSi momxdara, leonti kesarielis TaosnobiT nikeis krebis dawyebamde (iqve, 117 - 121).

ibir-b-zxuas n. mari iberis-Zed miiCnevda da dasZenda, rom agaTangelosis cnobaSi, sadac saubari iyo mTel

20

saqarTveloze, mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo igulisxmeboda. v. goilaZe iziarebs n. maris mosazrebas da Tavis mxriv gamoTqvams varauds, rom petre sebastielis mier ibir-b-zxuas egrisis episkoposad xeldasxmis Semdeg, am ukanasknels unda daeniSna episkoposebi egrisis sxvadasxva punqtebSi (goilaZe 1991: 118). aRniSnuli avtori ibir-b- zxuas egrisis pirvel episkoposad miiCnevs da saxeli `iberidan~ gamomdinare miiCnevs, rom igi eTnikurad qarTveli iyo. mas afxazeTis pirvel episkoposad daniSnuli sofroniusi da basianis episkoposi evTaliosic qarTvelebad miaCnia. egrisis pirveli episkoposis rezidencia egrisis samefo dedaqalaq cixe-gojSi unda yofiliyo ganTavsebuli (iqve, 121).

aRniSnuli cnobebis mixedviT dasavleT saqarTveloSi 325 wlamde ukve ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTedra arsebobda, magram, dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis organizacia 325 wlisaTvis imdenad jer kidev ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, rom mas msoflio saeklesio krebaze calke warmomadgeneli hyoloda da amitom stratofile, rogorc am regionis eparqiaTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani, nikeaSi miiwvies (mWedliZe... 2008: 30).

Semdgom periodSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli eparqiebi, konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daeqvemdebara. basili sofenelis mier IXs-is pirvel mesamedSi Sedgenili notaciebis mixedviT, konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi Sedioda: fazisis samitropolito, nikofsiisa da sebastopolisis (soxumis) saarqiepiskoposoebi. Tavis mxriv fazisis samitropolito aerTianebda rodopolisis, saisenes (caiSis), petrasa da ziganevis saepiskoposoebs.

qarTlis mefis vaxtang gorgaslis (442-502) iniciativiT, qarTlis eklesiaSi kaTolikosobis dawesebis Semdeg (V s-is II naxevarSi), saepiskoposoebis ricxvi gaizarda aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic. imxanad qarTlis eklesia antioqiis sapatriarqos emorCileboda, amitom: `antioqielman patriarqman.... (qarTlSi gamosagzavnad b. g.) akurTxna aTormetni episkoposni da petre - kaTalikosad...

21

xolo mcxeTas mefeman vaxtang aRaSena eklesiai mociqulTai sueti cxoveli..... da mun Sina dasues petre kaTalikosad da samoel - episkoposad mcxeTasave saepiskopososa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 215). antioqiis patriarqi romelmac xeli daasxa qarTlis kaTalikoss, petre mkawrvali (484-488) unda yofiliyo (mamulia 1992: 26).

mefe vaxtangma bizantiidan mosul Tormet episkopossac Tavis samefos sxvadasxva mxareSi gauCina `samwysoni~ da daadgina episkoposebad. maT Soris: klarjeTSi (axizis), artaanSi (eruSeTis), javaxeTSi (wundis), qvemo qarTlSi (manglisis, bolnisis), kuxeTSi (rusTavis), sujeTSi (ninowmindis), hereTSi (Weremis), kaxeTSi (CeleTis), kambeCanSi (xornabujis), gardabanSi (agarakis) da Sida qrTlSi (niqozis) (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 215).

savaraudod, vaxtang mefem saberZneTidan mosuli episkoposebis nawili aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi manamde arsebul saepiskoposoebSi ganawesa, nawili ki axlad Seqmnil kaTedrebze daadgina.

VII-IX saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTis samTavroSi, Zveli saepiskoposoebis gverdiT axali saepiskoposo kaTedrebi gaCnda, romlebic samefo da samTavro saxlis wevrebis politikuri dasayrdeni obieqtebi gaxdnen.

adarnase qarTvelTa mefem (888 - 923) IX saukunis bolosa da X saukunis dasawyisSi taoSi, taos bagrationTa ZiriTad samflobeloSi iSxnis gverdiT, banaSi daaarsa axali saepiskoposo.

daaxloebiT im xanebSi, rodesac adarnase banas kaTedras aarsebs, artanujeli-klarji mflobelebi taos bagrationTa sapirispirod SavSeTSi aarseben tbeTis axal saepiskoposo kaTedras (narkvevebi 1973a: 461).

samefo xelisuflebisTvis udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiis mxardaWeras qveynis Sida da gare mowinaaRmdege ZalebTan sabrZolvelad. mniSvnelovani iyo episkoposebis roli am brZolaSi. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac nawili episkoposebisa mefis winaaRmdeg gamodiodnen da gare Zalas uwevdnen daxmarebas. magram iyvnen episkoposebi,

22

romlebic mtris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mefes erTgulebdnen da qveynis saerTo interesebs icavdnen. erT-erTi aseTi faqtis naTeli dadasturebaa `matiane qarTlisas~ cnoba. rodesac erTiani saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I (1014-1027) gardaicvala, taxtze avida misi cxra wlis vaJi bagrat IV (1027-1072). bagratis mcirewlovanebiT isargebles taoelma aznaurebma da banelma episkoposma ioanem, isini gadaudgnen mefes da bizantiis imperators miemxrnen: `masve Jamsa warvides aznaurni taoelni saberZneTs: vaCe kariWis Ze da baneli episkoposi iovane, da maT Tana simravle aznaurTa taoelTa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 278). maT mibaZes CanCaxi falelma da arjevan hololas Zeman, romlebmac 1028 wels saqarTvelos dasalaSqrad imperator konstantines (1025-1028) mier gamogzavnil bizantiis jars, garylobisa da werefTis cixeebi gadasces (iqve, 279). baneli episkoposi ioanesgan gansxvavebiT, mefe bagrats erTguleba gamoucxades tbeTisa da anCis episkoposebma. `raJams ixila saba, mtbevarman episkoposman, romel SavSeTs arRara iyo sxuai Rone, aago cixe Tavsa zeda tbeTisasa, daiWira queyanai SavSeTisai, qmna didi erTgulebai bagrat afxazTa mefisaTvis. pativ-sca RmerTman da ver waruRes qveyanai mterTa... Semovida masve cixesa Sina ezra anCeli, da romelni aznaurni gamoCndes erTgulad, Seudges masve cixesa Sina da gamagrdes friad~ (iqve).

saqarTvelos istoriaSi arsebobs sxva faqtebic, rodesac ucxoeli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi episkoposebi uSualod iRebdnen monawileobas. 1625 wels marabdis velze yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, aTiaTasamde daRupul qarTvel meomars Soris iyvnen rusTveli da xarWaSneli episkoposebi (narkvevebi 1973b: 285).

VIII s-is bolos afxazTa erisTavma leon II-m (790-798) dasavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba SeZlo da egris-afxazeTis samefo Seqmna, romlis dedaqalaqi quTaisi gaxda, am samefos Semqmnel leon II-s ki `afxazTa mefe~ ewoda.

leon II-is memkvidreebi bizantiis imperiisgan sruli damoukideblobis mopovebas cdilobdnen. maT interesSi

23

Sedioda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan egris-afxazeTis eparqiebis ganTavisufleba da dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis centralizacia, anu damoukidebeli dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis - afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Seqmna.

mecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rodis Seiqmna afxazeTis sakaTalikoso. TavianTi mosazrebebi gamoTqves m. brosem, iv. javaxiSvilma, T. Jordaniam, n. marma, s. kakabaZem, n. berZeniSvilma, k. kekeliZem, s. yauxCiSvilma, p. ingoroyvam, m. lorTqifaniZem, T. beraZem, v. goilaZem da sxv. ukanasknel wlebSi es sakiTxi Seiswavles b. diasamiZem, T. qoriZem, b. kudavam. mkvlevarTa mosazrebebi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebis Sesaxeb VIII-XIII saukuneebiT ifargleba.

mecnierebi konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan dasavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebis ganTavisuflebis periodis gansasazRvrad, aRniSnul sapatriarqoSi Semavali saeklesio kaTedrebis nusxebs iyeneben.

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba nusxaTa or jgufs. pirveli jgufis nusxebi moicavs VII-IX saukuneebs. am nusxebSi im xanad dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela kaTedris mwyemsmTavaria moxseniebuli, rac maTi konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebas niSnavs. aRniSnul nusxebSi ixseniebian: lazeTSi fazisis mitropoliti da mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi rodopolisis, saisenes, petrasa da Ziganevis episkoposebi. aqve moxseniebuli arian afxazeTis sebastopolis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi da jiqeTSi nikofsiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi. meore jgufis pirvel nusxaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedrebis xelmZRvanelebidan, mxolod sebastopolisis arqiepiskoposi ixsenieba, xolo 927-940 wlebSi Sedgenil meore nusxaSi, arc erTi dasavleTqarTuli kaTedra aRar Cans, rac imas niSnavs, rom am droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamovida konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan. pirveli jgufis nusxebis yvelaze gviandeli nusxa 820-829

24

wlebSia Sedgenili, xolo meore jgufis pirveli nusxa 901-907 wlebSi (georgika 1952: 184-185). aRniSnuli cnobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan dasavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebis ganTavisufleba IX saukunis meore naxevarSi moxda.

X saukuneSi qarTul samefo-samTavroebs Soris politikuri gaerTianebisTvis brZola mimdinareobda. am brZolaSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli ̀ afxazTa samefo.~ afxazTa mefeebi cdilobdnen TavianTi gavlenis qveS moeqciaT danarCeni qarTuli samefo-samTavroebi da erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifosTvis CaeyaraT safuZveli. aRniSnuli miznis gansaxorcieleblad afxazTa mefeebs Zlieri mokavSire WirdebodaT. eseTi mokavSire gaxldaT mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikoso.

mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikososa da dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazTa) mefeebs Soris sruli SeTanxmeba unda momxdariyo. mcxeTa lixT-imereTis kulturul-religiuri gaerTianeba-SemoerTebisTvis miiwevda, afxazT mefeebi ki imereT-amereTis politikur mTlianobas uyridnen safuZvels (berZeniSvili 1966: 50).

egris-afxazeTis xelisufleba mzad iyo, qveynis politikuri gaerTianebis saqmeSi mxardaWeris sanacvlod egris-afxazeTis eklesia daeqvemdebarebina mcxeTis sakaTalikososadmi, rac egris-afxazeTis saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis dapirispirebis mizezi gaxda. aman ganapiroba X saukunis dasawyisidan Zveli saeklesio centrebis gauqmeba da axali saepiskoposoebis dafuZneba (diasamiZe 1999: 27).

X saukunis manZilze moiSala gudayvis (ZiRanevis) kaTedra, foTis kaTedra, xolo aSenda Wyondidis, moqvis, bediisa da sxva saydrebi, sadac Seiqmna axali, qarTuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebi (narkvevebi 1973a: 425).

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia qarTlis sakaTalikosos X saukunis II naxevarSi unda daqvemdebareboda, magram rogorc Cans afxazeTis kaTalikoss, kaTalikosis

25

tituli SeunarCunda. dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saepiskoposoebi qarTlis sakaTalikosos samwysoSi Sevida.

erTiani saqarTvelos pirvelma mefem bagrat III-m (978-1014), bediaSi saepiskoposo kaTedris daarsebis paralelurad, quTaisSi sakaTedro taZris mSenebloba daiwyo. `...amanve akurTxa eklesiai quTaTisai gangebiTa didiTa da miuwdomeliTa. rameTu Semokribna maxlobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTalikosni, mRvdelTmoZRuarni da yovelTa monasterTa winamZRuarni da yovelni didebulni - zemoni da quemoni, mamulsa da samefosa missa myofni, da sxuaTa yovelTa saxelmwifoTani~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 273).

bagrat III-is TaosnobiT aSenebuli quTaisis sakaTedro taZari gaxda simbolo saqarTvelos erTianobisa. daaxloebiT amave periodSi unda daarsebuliyo quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedrac.

g. mWedliZis varaudiT, rodopolisis-vardcixis saepiskoposo kaTedra, quTaisSi monacvlebuli iqna X saukunis 80-iani wlebis II naxevarSi da misi pirveli mTavarepiskoposi iyo anton quTaTeli (mWedliZe... 2008: 78).

quTaisis samwysos sazRvrebSi moqceuli iyo mTeli imereTi, guria, qvemo aWara da safiqrebelia raWac. saepiskoposos aRmosavleTi nawili lixis qedze gadioda, samxreTiT fersaTis mTaze, dasavleTiT cxeniswyali da CrdiloeTiT cageris saepiskoposo esazRvreboda. XV saukunis II naxevridan guria da qvemo aWara quTaisis saepiskoposos daqvemdebarebidan gamovida (gabisonia 2006: 11-13).

XII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi mefe daviT IV-m (1089-1125) saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianeba daasrula. man qveyanaSi gatarebuli Zireuli reformebis paralelurad, yuradReba miaqcia eklesiis SigniT arsebul problemebs da 1104 wels (arsebobs am faqtis sxva daTariRebac - 1103, 1105 wlebi) moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic ruis-urbnisis krebis saxeliT aris cnobili. msgavsi krebis

26

Catareba XI saukunis Sua xanebSi daviT IV-is babuam, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV-m (1027-1072) scada. am mizniT man saqarTveloSi aTonis mTaze moRvawe wminda mama giorgi mTawmindeli moiwvia, magram rogorc Cans, bagratma dasaxuli miznis ganxorcieleba ver SeZlo.

`wmidani eklesiani, saxlni RmrTisani, quab avazakTa qmnil iyvnes; da uRirsTa da uwesoTa mamulobiT ufrois, vidre RirsebiT, daepyrnes ufroisni saepiskoposoni, - ara kariT mwyemsebr SesrulTa, aramed avazakebr erdoiT; da maTnive msgavsni xucesni da qorepiskoposni daedginnes,romelni, nacvlad sjulTa saRmrToTa pyrobisa, usjuloebasa awurTides maTqueSeTa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 310). ase gadmogvcems XII saukunis dasawyisSi qarTul eklesiaSi arsebul viTarebas davT IV-is istorikosi.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, krebas TviT mefe daviTic daswrebia, rogorc rigiTi wevri (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 156).

krebam sxva gadawyvetilebebTan erTad daakanona samRvdelo pirTa xeldasxmis wesi. ganisazRvra sasuliero pirebis asaki saeklesio Tanamdebobebze dasadgenad. `ganvaweseT, raiTa amieriTgan arRara-vin ikadros qmnad, Tvinier viTar - igi ganawesebs kanoni. rameTu episkoposi ocdaaTxuTmetisa wlisai, mRdeli ocdaaTisa wlisai, diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisai da wignis mkiTxveli rvisa wlisai xelTdasxmul iqmnebodin~ (q. s. Z. 1970: 115). uRirsi sasuliero pirebi gadayenebul iqnen saeklesio Tanamdebobebidan, maTi adgili mefis erTgulma samRvdeloebam daikava.

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis Catareba politikuri interesebiTac iyo gamowveuli. mefe daviTma am krebis saSualebiT, eklesiaSi wesrigis aRdgenasTan erTad, gzidan CamoiSora misi politikiT ukmayofilo sasuliero pirebi da eklesiaze saxelisuflebo kontroli daamyara. mniSvnelovani iyo daviT mefis mier mwignobarTuxucesisa da Wyondidelis TanamdebobaTa erTi piris xelSi moqceva. pirveli mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli mefe daviTis aRmzrdeli da mrCeveli - giorgi gaxda.

27

`…kualad monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa gangebisa saeklesioisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucTomelsa, yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa, keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 336), aRniSnavs daviT mefis istorikosi.

mefe daviT IV xels uwyobda eklesiis gaZlierebas. misi mefobis dros gaizarda eklesiebisa da monastrebis mSenebloba. gafarTovda saepiskoposoebi. gaZlierda episkoposebis gavlena. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac sxvadasxva mxareSi arsebul saepiskoposoebs, erTi sasuliero piri edga saTaveSi. erTerTi maTgani gaxldaT giorgi mwignobarTuxucesis diswulisvimon Wyondidel-bediel-alaverdeli. Wyondidel-bediel-alaverdelis pativi, rogorc dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos uZlieresi saepiskoposoebis saWeTmpyrobelisa, saqarTvelos erTianobis simbolos qmnida.

mefe daviTma eklesia-monastrebi yovelgvari saxis gadasaxadebisagan gaanTavisufla da am mxrivac xeli Seuwyo eklesiis ekonomikur gaZlierebas. `ganaTavisuflna ara monasterni oden da lavrani mosakargveTa maWirvebelTagan, aramed xucesnica samefosa Sina missa yovlisa begarisa da Wirisagan, raiTa TavisufalTa saRmrToi msaxurebai miupyran RmerTsa~ (iqve, 337).

eklesiis sagadasaxado Seuvaloba, rogorc Cans, saxelmwifos mZime tvirTad daawva daviT IV-is memkvidreebis mefobis dros. amis gamo mefe giorgi III-m (1156-1184) eklesias sagadasaxado Seuvaloba mouxsna, ramac bunebrivia samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia.

1177-78 wlebSi giorgi III-is winaaRmdeg amirspasalar ivane orbelis TaosnobiT mowyobili ajanyebis dros, mefe giorgis eklesiam erTguleba gamoucxada. mefem ajanyeba CaaxSo da misi organizatorebi sastikad dasaja. samRvdeloebam mefes gamarjveba miuloca da amasTanave SesaZleblad CaTvala sagadasaxado Seuvalobis moTxovna. eklesiis mesveurebma dro Zalian moxerxebulad SearCies.

28

giorgim, marTalia, gaimarjva, magram es gamarjveba mas iolad ar moupovebia. amitom misTvis ar iyo xelsayreli eklesiasTan urTierTobis gamwvaveba da misi moTxovna dauyonebliv Seasrula - sagangebo sigeliT daamtkica eklesiis mamulebis sagadasaxado Seuvaloba (narkvevebi 1979: 294).

Zlieri iyo eklesia Tamaris mefobis (1179/84-1213) periodSic. mefe Tamari zrunavda qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis gaZlierebaze ara marto qveynis SigniT, aramed mis farglebs gareTac. `ara oden saqarTvelosa monasterni aaSena, aramed palestines ierusalems aaSena pirvelad monasteri; da kualad kvipres Ralia Seamko da uyidna Sesavalni da aRaSena monasteri da Seamko yovliTa wesiTa patiosnisa monastrisaTa. da kualad konstantinepolis aRaSena metoqi maTi... da saqarTvelosa mciriTgan monaster-saydar-eklesiad ara dauteva, romel ara wyalobiTa aRavso~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 462).

Tamars gamefebis pirvelsave wlebSi didgvarovani feodaluri sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawili daupirispirda da scada axalgazrda mefe-qali Tavisi gavlenis qveS moeqcia. didgvarovnebis msgavsad Tavisi uflebrivi mdgomareobis gazrda moindoma qarTlis kaTalikosma miqaelmac (1178-1187). man Tamars mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba mosTxova, romelic mefe Tamaris erTgul pirs, anton gnolisTavisZes ekava. Tamari iZulebuli gaxda kompromisze wasuliyo. kaTalikos miqaels, garda mwignobarTuxuces- Wyondidelis Tanamdebobisa, samTavisisa da awyuris eparqiebic eWira.

Tamari ver urigdeboda kaTalikos miqaelis esoden gaZlierebas. mefem Tavisi poziciebis ganmtkicebis Semdeg seklesio kreba moiwvia, romelsac miqaeli kaTalikosobidan unda gadaeyenebina. am krebis Casatareblad Tamarma ierusalimidan specialurad Camoiyvana qarTlis yofili kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe.

krebas mefe Tamaric daeswro rogorc rigiTi wevri. kreba mihyavdaT nikoloz gulaberisZes da quTaTel anton

29

saRirisZes. isini darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom miqaelis kaTalikosobidan gadayenebas SeZlebdnen da arc ki isurves misi daswreba krebaze, magram TavianTi Canafiqri sisruleSi ver moiyvanes. saeklesio krebam ver SeZlo miqaelis kaTalikosobidan gadayeneba. rogorc Cans, kaTalikoss maRal samRvdeloebaSi mravali mxardamWeri hyavda.

`xolo winamZRuarTa krebisaTa nikolaos da antoni, romelni, viTar pirmetyuelni mTiebni uZRodes momrgualebasa caebrisa mis varskulavTa krebulisasa, ara inebes Soris maTsa yofad maSindeli igi qarTlisa kaTalikosi, rameTu winaukmo rame ewyo wesTagan eklesiisaTa da Wyondidel-mawyuereloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba moeveraga Jamisagan. aramed vera ganayenes, daRacaTu friad iRuawes, romeli adre TviT ganayena sasjelman RmrTisaman~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 486).

Tamarma miqaelis kaTalikosobidan Camocileba ver moaxerxa, magram mowveuli krebis saSualebiT man eklesiaSi Tavisi poziciebi ganimtkica. arasasurveli episkoposebi gadayenebuli iqnen da maTi adgili mefis erTgulma sasuliero pirebma daikaves: ̀ xolo sxuani vinme episkoposni Seicvalnes da maT wil saRmrToni kacni dasxnes; da sxuani saeklesioni wesni ganmarTnes, udebTa mier daxsnilni~ (iqve, 486).

XIII s-is II naxevarSi monRolTa batonobis dros, erTiani saqarTvelos politikuri rRvevis pirveli bzari gaCnda, rac XV s-is II naxevarSi erTiani saqarTvelos calkeul samefo-samTavroebad daSliT dasrulda. Seiqmna sami qarTuli samefo: qarTlis, kaxeTis da imereTis. politikuri damoukidebloba moipova samcxe-saaTabagomac.

imereTis samefo formalurad mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos aerTianebda. Tumca samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebis morCileba imereTis mefisadmi, mxolod mefis mier mowyobil laSqrobebSi monawileobis miRebiT ifargleboda. mTavrebi ganTavisuflebuli iyvnen sxva valdebulebebisagan. mogvianebiT samegrelos gamoeyo afxazeTis samTavro. Seiqmna svaneTis samTavroc.

30

qveynis politikur daSlasTan erTad separatistuli moZraoba daiwyo eklesiaSic. samcxis aTabagma yvaryvare jayelma (1451-1498) mcxeTis sakaTalikosos daqvemdebarebidan samcxis eparqiebis gamoyofa scada. am miznis ganmaxorcielebel saukeTeso saSualebad yuaryuare aTabags, rogorc Cans, mawyvereli episkoposis amaRleba da mesxeTis saepiskoposo saydrebis ufrosad qceva miuCnevia (javaxiSvili 1982: 278).

samcxis aTabagis yvaryvares da samcxeli sasuliero pirebis separatistul qmedebebs win aRudga saqarTvelos kaTolikos - patriarqi daviT WavWavaZe (1443/47-1459). patriarqis mtkice poziciam ukan daaxevina varZiel da safarel berebs, romlebic ganudgnen mcxeTas (metreveli 2010: 72).

iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT: `kaTalikozi daviTi... ganxeTqilebisa da gankerZoebis momxre mesxeTis episkoposebs gaswyromia da maT mosarjuleblad ukiduresi saSualebisTvisac ki miumarTavs da SeuCvenebia ise, rom misgan `mawyuereli da samcxis episkoposni... ujaro da Seundobelni iyunes safarisa Tavzeda~ (javaxiSvili 1982: 279).

samcxis aTabagisa da mesxi sasuliero pirebis ganzraxva ar ganxorcielda, Tumca saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis SenarCuneba mainc ver moxerxda. XV s-is 70-ian wlebSi, erTian qarTul eklesias gamoeyo afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso. es faqti Semonaxulia dokumentSi `mcnebai sarjulo~.

`...movivline RvTisa mier me yovelTa narCevman ierusalimisa da antioqiisa patriarqi: mixaeil: moviwie didsa mas qristes samwysosa mazebelsa ierusalimisa saqarTvelos.... RvTiv gvirgvinosanman bagrat da didman erisTavTerisTavman dadian gurielman Samadavla misTa TavadTa TanadgomiTa da didad RvTisgan saTnod gamorCeulisa... caiSel-bedielisa iovakimisa, iqna gamoZieba da mokiTxua... viTar igi x-ld (xeldasxmulni b. g.), qarTlisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozni, andioSisa patriarqTagan ikurTxeodian da JamTa siZuelisgan

31

da soflisa siverageTagan iyunes mravalni wesni SeSliT da gardaqcevi... vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim. marjuenai ierusalimisa afxazeTisa kaTalikozi: da kurTxeulmca aris da davayeneT da davsviT afxazeTs~ (kakabaZe 1913 d: 4, Jordania 1897: 294).

am dokumentidan Cans, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos erTiani qarTuli eklesiidan gamoyofis iniciatorebi, qarTl-imereTis mefe bagrat VI (1466-1478) da dadian-gurieli Samadavla yofilan. maT saqarTveloSi Camosul antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarq mixails (1470/74-1480) afxazeTis kaTalikosad akurTxevines caiSel-bedieli mTavarepiskoposi ioavkime, rac saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesiis saqmeebSi uxeS Carevas niSnavda da saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uflebebs laxavda.

`mcnebai sarjulos~ Sedgenis TariRad 1470-74 wlebia miCneuli, radgan vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, am dokumentSi moxseniebuli Samadavla, bediani 1470 wels gaxda da 1474 wels gardaicvala (kakabaZe 1913d: 3, qoriZe 2003: 20).

antioqieli patriarqebi yovelTvis gamoTqvamdnen TavianT pretenziebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis mimarT (aseTi faqtebi iyo jer kidev VIII-XI ss-Si) da cdilobdnen masze TavianTi uflebebis gavrcelebas. bunebrivia, mocemul Sanss xelidan ar gauSvebda antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqi mixaili da sixaruliT daasxavda xels afxazeTis kaTalikoss, romelic mas daeqvemdebareboda.

n. berZeniSvilis SefasebiT: ̀ miqael patriarqi ̀ SeemTxva~ swored iseT drosa da pirobebs, roca misi kurTxeva da madli saWiro da nayofieri iyo mTliani saqarTvelos mesaflaveTaTvis. man Seasrula ukanasknelTa nanatri: afxazeTis kaTalikozi mcxeTis taxtis morCilebisgan ganaTavisufla da ̀ ierusalimis marjvuenai~-s maRali saxeli mianiWa. samagierod mokardakare patriarqma Semosavlis wyaro gaiCina~ (berZeniSvili 1971: 103).

iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT: `patriarqma mixeilma, bagrat mefem da dadian-gurielma Samadavlam qarTveli eris

32

saukeTeso SvilTa da mTeli xalxis mier saukuneTa brZoliT monapovari, qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba mospes da gaanadgures~ (javaxiSvili1982: 338)!

patriarq miqaelis mier afxazeTis kaTalikosis kurTxeva mxolod erTi konkretuli faqti aRmoCnda. amis Semdeg arc antioqiel da arc sxva romelime patriarqs afxazeTis kaTalikosi aRar ukurTxebia.

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso rom damoukidebeli eklesia iyo, amas cxadyofs cnobebi afxazeTis kaTalikosTa mier mironis xarSvis Sesaxeb, (Zampi, Sardeni). mironis xarSvis (Sezavebis) ufleba ki mxolod avtokefaluri eklesiis mwyemsmTavrebs hqondaT.

afxazeTis kaTalikosis rezidencia biWvinTaSi ganTavsda. afxazeTis kaTalikoss daemorCila dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela saepiskoposo kaTedra.

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias àfxazeTis sakaTalikoso~ istoriuli faqtoris gamo ewoda, (TviT àfxazTa samefo~ dasavleT qarTuli politikuri erTeuli iyo) mas lixT-imereTis sakaTalikosodac ixseniebdnen. afxazeTis kaTalikosebi eTnikurad qarTvelebi iyvnen da aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen qveynis saero da sasuliero cxovrebaSi. qveyanaSi arsebul mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, afxazeTis kaTalikosebi qarTlis kaTalikosebTan erTad ganixilavdnen. amas mowmobs istoriuli dokumenti `samarTali kaTalikozisa~. Cvens xelT arsebul arc erT dokumentSi ar fiqsirdeba afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosebs Soris konfliqti da uTanxmoeba, Tumca afxazeTis sakaTalikosos erTiani qarTuli eklesiidan gamoyofa, bunebrivia arasasurveli faqti iyo.

XV saukuneSi centraluri xelisuflebis dasustebas da erTiani qarTuli samefos daSlas, feodalebis gaZliereba mohyva. maT droebiT mflobelobaSi arsebuli miwebi samemkvidreod gaixades da TavianT mamulebSi sruli SeuvalobisaTvis daiwyes brZola. ase Seiqmna saTavadoebi.

àqa arRara icvaleboda erisTavni da arca Tavadni, yovelnive xevsa da sanaxebsa da TemTa da adgilTa mkvidr

33

qmniliyvnen, da visca mamulsa miscemda, mkvidrad miecemoda. da yovelnive Zlier iyvnes: mTavarni, erisTavni da Tavadni~ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 3448).

TiToeuli saTavado Tavis sazRvrebSi damoukidebel sameurneo-ekonomikur erTeuls warmoadgenda. mas hqonda Tavisi gamagrebis sistema da Tavisi eklesia-monastrebi. saTavados saTaveSi edga didebuli Tavadi, romelsac emorCilebodnen saero sagvareulo saxlis wevrebi.

saTavadoebis gverdiT arsebobda saufliswuloebic, romlebic samefo saxlis umcrosi Stos warmomadgenlebs ekuTvnodaT. XV s-is II naxevridan Tavadebis msgavsad ufliswulebmac kuTvnil mamulebSi mdgomareoba ganimtkices da TavianTi uflebebis gazrdaze daiwyes zrunva. isini xSirad upirispirdebodnen xelisuflebas samefo taxtisaTvis brZolaSi.

saTavadoebisa da saufliswuloebis gaZlierebam kidev ufro daasusta samefo xelisufleba da xeli SeuSala qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.

XVI s-is dasawyisSi qarTul samefoebs Soris brZola grZeldeboda. qarTlis, kaxeTis da imereTis mefeebi ver urigdebodnen qveynis daSlis faqts da TiToeuli maTgani cdilobda Tavisi gavlenis qveS saqarTvelos gaerTianebas. 1509 wels imereTis mefe aleqsandre bagratis Ze (1484-1510) qarTlSi SeiWra da qalaqi gori aiRo. qarTlis mefe daviT X-m (1505-1525) winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver SeZlo. miuxedavad amisa, imerlebma goris SenarCuneba ver moaxerxes.

1510 wlis pirvel aprils imereTis mefe aleqsandre gardaicvala da taxtze misi 15 wlis vaJi bagrat III avida, romelmac dasustebuli dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis gaZliereba daisaxa miznad da safuZveli Cauyara gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis daarsebas.

34

Tavi II

axali saepiskoposoebis (gelaTi, xoni,

nikorwminda) daarseba imereTis mefis

bagrat III-is TaosnobiT XVI saukunis

pirvel naxevarSi

§ 1axali saepiskoposoebis daarsebis motivi da mizani

bagratis III-is (1510-1565) gamefebis pirvelsave wels, imereTSi osmalTa jari SemoiWra trapizonis faSa selimis meTaurobiT. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT osmalebs daxmareba samcxis aTabagma mzeWabukma (1500-1515) gauwia da isini samcxidan imereTSi zekaris uReltexilis gavliT gadaiyvana. vaxuSti batoniSvili osmalebis imereTSi SeWras 1512 wliT aTariRebs: `welsa q~s (qoronikonsa) C. f. i. b. (1512) mefobasa bagratisasa meoresa, gamovida spaspeti sultan selimisa spiTa uamraviTa da moadga samcxes. amas miegeba aTabagi mzeWabuk, mouZRua da Camoiyvana fersaTsa zeda imereTs. garna mosrulTa osmalTa dawues quTaTisi da gelaTi. merme moaoxrnes, mowues, mosrnes da mostyuevnnes, sad vin hpovnnes imereTsa Sina da ukuniqcnen masve gzasa zeda da warvidnen~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 810).

amave faqts 1514 wliT aTariRebs beri egnataSvili (yauxCiSvili 1959: 350). zogierTi cnobiT aRniSnuli faqti 1508 da 1509 wlebiT TariRdeba (Jordania 1897: 326).

sami uZvelesi qronikis mixedviT osmalebis imereTSi SemoWra 1510 wels moxda. yvelaze sando es cnobebi unda iyos. maT Soris aris gelaTuri wminda giorgis XVI saukunis xelnaweri gulani, sadac naTqvamia: `qk~s :rJჲ:ama qoronikons (1510) movida TaTari noembersa :kg: (23) da dawues saydari quTaTisa da gelaTi~ (iqve, 327).

es gaxldaT osmalebis pirveli Tavdasxma imereTis samefoze. gacilebiT ufro adre 1451 wels, osmalebi 50

35

katarRiT zRvidan afxazeTs daecnen da soxumi daarbies (Jordania 1897: 61). osmalebis gamoCena bagrat III-isTvis sagangaSo signali iyo. axalgazrda mefem moaxloebuli safrTxisgan Tavis dasacavad saWiro zomebis miReba daiwyo.

XVI saukuneSi osmaleTis imperia sagrZnoblad gaZlierda. misi saxiT samcxesa da dasavleT saqarTvelos agresiuli mowinaaRmdege gauCnda. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ki dasapyrobad yizilbaSuri iranis Zlieri saxelmwifo emuqreboda.

osmalebma saqarTvelos dapyroba samcxidan daiwyes. maTi gavlenis qveS moqceuli Crdilo SavizRvispireTeli jiqebi, paralelurad samegrelo-guriisa da afxazeTis zRvispira zols arbevdnen.

bagrat III cdilobda dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianoba SeenarCunebina da moaxloebuli mtris winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, organizebulad gamosuliyo. am mxriv saWiro iyo dasavleTiT Savi zRvis zolis gamagreba da jiqTa Tavdasxmebis aRkveTa, xolo samxreTiT samcxe-saaTabagos damorCileba da imereTSi gadasasvleli gzebis Caketva. (yvelaze didi safrTxe imereTis samefos osmalebis Tavdasxmisa, samcxe - saaTabagodan emuqreboda).

dasaxul miznebs bagrat III etapobrivad axorcielebda. pirvel rigSi man samefos SigniT arsebuli problemebis mogvareba daiwyo. bagrats, gamefebidan mesame wels Tavisi Zma - vaxtangi daupirispirda da mefobas Seecila. 1512 wels bagrati moulodnelad Tavs daesxa moxiss dabanakebul ufliswuls... vaxtangi damarcxda. amis Semdeg qarTlis mefis `SuamdgomlobiT~ Zmebma `zav-hyves~. vaxtangi, bagratTan erTad imereTSi Camovida da maT Soris mSvidoba damyarda (soselia 1990: 26).

mefe bagratis morCilebisagan Tavis daRwevas cdilobdnen samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebi. mefes xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisaTvis brZolaSi win eRobebodnen axladaRmocenebuli saTavadoebic. im xanad (XVI s-is pirvel naxevarSi) imereTis samefoSi arsebobda

36

CijavaZeebis, RoRoberiZeebis, wulukiZeebis (raWa-imereTSi) da niJaraZeebis Zlieri saTavadoebi (soselia 1981: 7-149). mogvianebiT gaZlierdnen wereTlebis, abaSiZeebis da CxeiZeebis feodaluri saxlebi.

mefe bagrats gaZlierebuli mTavrebisa da Tavadebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mokavSire esaWiroeboda. es mokavSire eklesia iyo. eklesias didi gavlena hqonda qarTul feodalur sazogadoebaSi. amitom Zlieri monarqebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen eklesia Tavisi kontrolis qveS moeqciaT. saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsmTavrebi qveynis erTianobis princips icavdnen da politikuri daqucmacebulobis winaaRmdeg gamodiodnen. am mxriv mefisa da eklesiis interesebi erTmaneTs emTxveoda. maRali sasuliero pirebi `RvTiv-gvirgvinosani~ mefis gverdiT dgebodnen separatizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.

saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebad daSlis Semdeg, eklesiam met-naklebad erTianoba SeinarCuna. eklesiis erTianoba ki safuZvels qmnida da imeds usaxavda saqarTvelos gaerTianebis mosurneT. eklesia didi yma-mamulis mflobeli iyo. saero feodalebs misi mamulis datacebaze eWiraT Tvali. mefe ki eklesiis miwebs icavda (rexviaSvili 1989: 45).

arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT, XVI saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi, imereTis mxareSi mxolod quTaisis saepiskoposo iyo. Cans, quTaTeli episkoposi JamTa viTarebis gamo veRar axerxebda momZlavrebuli feodalebisagan saquTaTlo yma-mamulis dacvas. feodalebis mier saeklesio miwebis mitaceba da samemkvidreod dasakuTreba, samefo xelisuflebis interesebs ewinaaRmdegeboda. mefe bagratma eklesiis mflobelobaSi arsebuli miwebis gadarCenisa da TavisTvis politikuri dasayrdenis gaCenis mizniT, afxazeTis kaTalikos malaqia abaSiZesTan (daaxloebiT 1519-1540 ww.) SeTanxmebis Semdeg, gadawyvita, imereTSi axali saepiskoposo kaTedrebi daearsebina.

zogierTi mosazrebiT, mefe bagrat III-is mier imereTSi axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba, quTaTeli

37

mRvdelmTavrebisTvis gavlenis sferos SezRudvis gamo moxda, rac afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosebis interesebSic Sedioda (gabisonia 2008: 129). Tumca naklebad dasajerebelia, rom XVI s-is I naxevarSi quTaTel episkoposs iseTive gavlena hqonoda, rogorc XI-XIII saukuneebSi da is Tavisi gavlenis sferoebiT imereTis mefes an afxazeTis kaTalikoss raime problemebs uqmnida. rogorc aRvniSneT, bagrat III-is mier quTaisis saepiskopososagan gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebis gamoyofa, eklesiis yma-mamulis dacvisa da mefisaTvis politikuri dasayrdenis SeqmniT unda yofiliyo ganpirobebuli.

episkoposis pativs feodalur saqarTveloSi didgvarovani wridan gamosuli sasuliero pirebi iRebdnen, amitom saepiskoposoebis daarsebiT mefe Tavis erTgul feodalTa dass qmnida (rexviaSvili 1989: 45).

episkoposi ber-monazoni iyo, amitom is miwebis samemkvidreod dasakuTrebaze ar zrunavda da am mxriv samefo xelisuflebas problemebs ar uqmnida. piriqiT, rogorc aRvniSneT, episkoposebi ZiriTadad mefis erTgulni iyvnen da mxarSi edgnen separatizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.

§ 2gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da sazRvrebi

imereTis samefoSi axali saepiskoposoebis daarsebis Sesaxeb cnoba Semonaxulia `qarTlis cxovrebis gagrZelebaSi:~ `qoronikonsa :s i z: (218) - 1529 w. - miicvala quTaTeli gerasime, ianvarsa i. (10)

amasve weliwadsa dajda maTi Zmiswuli svimon, da warvida da ekurTxa saydarsa biWvintisasa.

amasve qoronikonsa mefeT-mefeman bagrat ganyo lixT-imeri sam saepiskopozod, brZanebiTa afxazeTisa kaTalikozisa abaSiZisaTa. ineba RvTiv-gvirgvinosanman mefeT-mefeman bagrat da dedofalTa dedofalman elene didisa da caTa mobaZavisa saydrisa, axlisa ierusalimisa, genaTisa

38

episkopozisa melqisedekisa sayuarelis Zisa, saukunomca ars xseneba maTi.

amasave drosa imave patronman gaaCina xonel episkopozad mCetis-Ze (CxetiZe) manoel misve afxazeTisa kaTalikozisa xeliTa saydarTa Sigan biWvintisaTa, qoronikoni iyo :s i z: (218 ) - 1529 w. warvediT afxazeTs sakurTxevlad ivnissa k, (20) da movediT ivlissa k. (20)~ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 493).

analogiuri cnobaa daculi imereTSi axali saepiskoposoebis daarsebis Sesaxeb matianeSi `cxovreba saqarTveloisa,~ egreT wodebuli `parizis qronika~ (parizis qronika: 1980 41).

zogierTi cnobis mixedviT gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedra 1519 wels daarsda: ` qk~ s (qoronikonsa) :s z: (1519) gelaTs episkoposi damjdara.~ - `qk~ s (qoronikonsa) :s z: gelaTi saepiskopozod hyves, sayvareliZe melqisedek dasves:~ (Jordania 1897: 336).

1519 wliT aTariRebs gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebas vaxuSti batoniSvilic: ̀ Semoikribna kaTalikoz-episkopozni imereTisani bagrat mefeman da hyo gelaTi saepiskoposod da dasua sayuareliZe melqisedek, q ~ s (qoronikonsa) C. f. i. T. (1519)~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 810).

Semoqmedis gulanSi gelaTis saepiskoposos daarseba 1525 wliT TariRdeba (Jordania 1897: 336).

gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli TariRebis arsebobam, mecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia. T. Jordanias varaudiT, gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedra 1519 wels Seiqmna. Tavdapirvelad aseve fiqrobdnen s. kakabaZe da b. lominaZec, Tumca mogvianebiT maT azri Seicvales da gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRad 1529 weli miiCnies sworad. aRniSnuli faqtis TariRad 1529 weli gaiziares i. doliZem, m. rexviaSvilma, o. soseliam, l. tyeSelaSvilma, g. mWedliZem, p. gabisoniam da sxvebma, xolo m. gogsaZem da T. qoriZem 1519 weli. am ukanasknelis varaudiT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gagrZelebaSi daculi cnobis mixedviT, avtors xelT

39

hqonda aRniSnuli movlenis amsaxveli Zveli xelnaweri da SesaZlebelia, TariRis gadmotanisas uneblie Secdoma mosvloda, kerZod ki `s z~-s (rac aRniSnavs 207-s da 1519 wels Seesabameba) nacvlad ̀ s i z~ (rac aRniSnavs 217-s da 1529 wels Seesabameba) daewera, anu 10-is aRmniSvneli `i~ aso gakruli xeliT werisas Zalauneburad Caematebina. an SesaZloa, mas xelT hqonda ukve SecdomiT daTariRebuli am movlenis amsaxveli xelnaweri (k l i o - 15 2002: 14). es varaudi nakleb damajerebelia, radgan arsebobs sxva minawerebic, sadac svimeonis quTaTelad xeldasxma, `axali qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da `parizis qronikaSi~ daculi cnobebis msgavsad, 1529 wliT TariRdeba (Jordania 1897: 372). zemoT moyvanili varaudis mixedviT ki gamodis, rom genaTel melqisedek sayvareliZesTan erTad, quTaTeli svimeonisa da xoneli manoelis xeldasxmac 1519 wels momxdara, rac, rogorc aRvniSneT, sxva wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba. amgvarad `qarTlis cxovrebis gagrZelebasa~ da `parizis qronikaSi~ daculi cnobebi, romelic 1529 wels quTaisis saepiskopososagan gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebis gamoyofas Seexeba, sando unda iyos.

1519 wlis sabuTebSi ixsenieba gelaTis moZRvarT-moZRvari ilarioni, romelic gardacvlila amave wlis 6 maiss (iqve, 341). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mematianeebi, maT Soris vaxuSti batoniSvilic, gelaTis moZRvarT-moZRvar ilarions, romelic amave dros gelaTis akademiis reqtori iyo, ukanasknel moZRvarT-moZRvrad miiCnevdnen da 1519 wels misi gardacvalebis faqts ukavSirebdnen imave wels gelaTis saepiskoposos Seqmnas da genaTel episkoposad melqisedek sayvareliZis xeldasxmas.

ilarioni gelaTis ukanaskneli moZRvarT-moZRvari rom ar yofila, amas 1527 wlis gelaTis sigeli cxadyofs, sadac afxazeTis kaTalikos malaqiasa da qarTlis kaTalikos basiliosTan erTad moxseniebulia gelaTis moZRvarT-moZRvari manase da winamZRvari makare (iqve, 370). am sigelis Sesaxeb qvemoT SevCerdebiT.

ilarioni gelaTis ukanasknel moZRvarT-moZRvrad

40

miaCnia zogierT Tanamedrove mkvlevarsac, xolo 1527 wlis sabuTSi moxseniebuli moZRvarT- moZRvari manase, 1505 wels gardacvlilad (tyeSelaSvili 2007: 72), rac sizustes moklebulia. 1505 wels gardacvlili manase, istoriul wyaroSi moxseniebulia rogorc ̀ didisa monastrisa genaTisa winamZRvari~ da ara `moZRvarT moZRvari:~ `qoronikonsa :r J g: (1505) didisa monastrisa genaTisa winamZRvari manase miicvala~ (yauxCiSvili1959: 487. parizis qronika 1980: 41). amgvarad 1505 wels gardacvlili gelaTis monastris winamZRvari manase da 1527 wlis sabuTSi moxseniebuli moZRvarT-moZRvari manase, sxvadasxva pirovnebaa.

irkveva, rom ilarionis Semdeg gelaTSi kvlav moZRvarT-moZRvari moRvaweobda da es pativi manases hqonda. 1527 wlis sigelSi saubaria mefe bagratis mier murvan yrusagan daqceuli mTavarangelozis saxelobis eklesiis aRdgenaze. sigels mefe amtkicebs: `...Cuen mefeTmefeTc dagvimtkicebia da Tqven wmidano da RT (RvTiv) Semosilo afxazeTis qaTalikozo malaqia da qarTlis qaTalikozo vasilioz da didisa saydrisa moZRvarT moZRvaro manase da winamZRvaro makare... Tquenc asreT daumtkiceT. daiwera brZaneba da sigeli ese ivadikions (indiktions) mefobis Cuenis q~kas (qoronikonsa) :s i e: (1527) Tvesa aprilsa ocdaSvidsa xelisa Cuenisa mdivan mwignobarisa TavaqaraSvilis zurabisaTa~ (x.e.c. fondi SD - 2894. Jordania 1897: 370. kakabaZe 1921a: 9-10). am cnobaze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom 1527 wels jer kidev ar iyo gelaTSi saepikoposo kaTedra daarsebuli, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi genaTeli episkoposi moxseniebuli iqneboda aRniSnul dokumentSi.1

gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebis aRsaniSnavad afxazeTis kaTalikos malaqias Seudgenia: `zesT arsisa da ze aRmatebulisa didisa saydrisa Cuenisa axlisa ierusalimisa genaTisa gujari,~ romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia. dokuments TariRi ar gaaCnia. s. kakabaZem is 1529 wels Sedgenilad miiCnia:

1 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT analogiuri azri gamoTqves g. mWedliZem da p. gabisoniam (ix. mWedliZe... 2008: 159, gabisonia 2008: 127)

41

`C n (Cven) q s (qristes) RTisa m r ( mier) kurTxeulman didman mamamTavarT mT varmn (mamamTavarman) aRmosavalisa da yosa (yovlisa) Crdilos da afxazeTisa kaTalikos patriarqman malaqion ese gujari da sigeli mogaxseneT T q n (Tqven) w a (wminda) saydarsa gelaTisasa TliT (TvalT) Seudgamsa da ganucdelsa: yd (yovlad) brwyinvalesa xatsa dedoflisa xaxulisa RTismSobelsa da w a (wminda) da R T (RvTiv) Semosilsa angelozTa mobaZavsa, mitropolitsa: da mRdelT mTavarsa genaTel episkopos w a (wminda) meufesa melqisedeks: m s (mas) Jamsa odes didad aRmatebulman, Zlierman da uZlevelman svianman da morWmulman TviT mpyrobelman aRmosavliT dasavladmde mflobel mpyrobelman, mefeTa Soris brwyinvaleman didad saxelovanman da saxel ganTqmulman RTis msaxurman da RvTiv gvirgvinosanman mefeTmefeman bagrat, moguaxsena da daguajera ramca genaTi, saydrad da saepiskopozod Segueqmna. vismineT moxseneba maTi. r (radgan) RTisa m r (mier) aRZrul iyo... vakurTxeT da davsviT geenaTs kaci uaRresi angelozTa: da gauCineT pativi da sajdomi: v r (viTar) patriarqTa da mefeTagan ganaCens Zeglsa S a (Sina) weril ars. da ganuCineT samwysoni da sakurTxi rionsa: da quTaTis qalaqsa zedaT. yvirilas gamoRma da vidre kacxis zRuaramdis: da xreiTs aqeT raWis mTamdis da okriba. s d (sada) quTaTis qalaq: S~ agan: gaRma da gamoRma: da anu dabani da sofelni iyvnen mimodaTesulni glexni arca winaT kadrebul iyo sxvisa episkoposisagan: mwysa: (samwysosa) v a: Zueli da nuca: awe ekadrebis: yovelnive Seucvaleblad aqundes mRdelTmTavarepiskoposisa genaTisasa: pirveldca: sxuaTa episkoposTagan umetesi iyo da awca isive pirveli: sawiravi ganuCineT. asi TeTri mierTmeodes samaradisod~ (x.e.c. fondi S D - 2895. kakabaZe 1921a: 10-11).

am dokumentSi xazi gasmuli aqvs genaTeli episkoposis uflebriv mdgomareobas `sxva episkoposTagan umetesobas~. genaTelebi momdevno xanebSic gavleniani sasuliero pirebi iyvnen imereTis samefoSi.

gelaTis saepiskopososTvis imereTis vrceli

42

teritoriebi dauTmiaT. maT Soris: rionis piri da TviT qalaqi quTaisis nawili, agreTve okriba. saxelwodeba `okriba~ anu `oo, kreba,~ rogorc vaxuSti batoniSvili ganmartavs: `keTilSuenier adgil ars~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 774)! okribas, vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, aRmosavleTidan raWis mTa sazRvravda vidre Cxaramde, samxreTiT Cxaridan dasavleTad wasuli mTa kvaxWiramde da kaxniauris xaziT rionamde, CrdiloeTiT naqeralas vidre dRnoramde da dasavleTiT xomlis kldidan wasuli zRvari vidre gvastibamde (iqve, 775). gelaTis saepiskoposo agreTve moicavda zemo imereTis nawils, `yvirilas gamoRma kacxis zRvaramde da xreiTs aqeT raWis mTebamde.~ rogorc Cans `kacxis zRvars~ iqiT, yvirilas xeobis zemo weli (WiaTura-saCxeris raionebi) quTaisis saepiskoposos darCa.1

kacxi, iseve rogorc argveTis nawili, IX-XI saukuneebSi uZlieresi feodalebis _ baRvaSebis mamuli iyo. ukanaskneli baRvaSi rati liparitis Ze 1103 wels gardaicvala. mefe daviT IV-m (1089-1125) `mamuli lipariteTi umkvidrod daSTomili..... usarClel-miuxueWelTa sofelTa Tana miscna~ gelaTis monasters (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 313). Sewirul soflebs Soris iyo kacxic. im xanad dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebi mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikoso taxts emorCileboda. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos garkveul nawilSi, kerZod vake imereTSi, argveTsa da raWa-leCxumSi, ukve VII-IX saukuneebidan vrceldeboda (musxeliSvili 1980:152). afxazeTis sakaTalikosos erTiani qarTuli eklesiidan gamoyofis Semdeg (XV s-is 70-iani wlebi) lixT-imereTis eparqiebi da eklesia-monastrebi afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikoss daeqvemdebara.

gelaTs rom mTeli argveTi ar xvda wilad, vaxuSti batoniSvilic adasturebs. mefe bagrat III-m: ̀ misca samwysod

1 argveTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi mxare quTaTlis samwyso iyo XIX s - is dasawyisSic. 1808 wels quTaTelma mitropolitma dosiTeosma, jruWulasa da WiaTuras Soris adgilebi, mRvimevis monasters Seswira (ix. tyeSelaSvili 2005: 17)

43

(gelaTs b.g.) argueTis naxevari da okriba, quTaTlis samwysoni~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 754). Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom gelaTis saydars sxva saepiskoposoebSic hqonda `dabani da sofelni~ sadac `mimodaTesulni glexni~ hyavda (kakabaZe 1921a: 10-11).

vaxuSti batoniSvilis sityviT gelaTi: `pirvelad iyo monasteri, Semdgomad hyo bagrat saepiskoposod~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 754). Tumca arsebobs varaudebi, rom gelaTSi XVI saukunemdec moqmedebda saepiskoposo kaTedra. e. TayaiSvilis mtkicebiT: `mcdaria azri imis Sesaxeb TiTqos gelaTi saepiskoposod pirvelad imereTis mefis bagrat III-is brZanebiT daearsebinos malaqia kaTalikoz-patriarqs~ (TayaiSvili 1920: 32). didi mecnieri miiCnevda, rom moZRvarT-moZRvari, romelic gelaTis akademias xelmZRvanelobda, amave dros gelaTis episkoposi iyo (iqve, 29). moZRvarT-moZRvris xelSi gelaTis episkoposis funqciis SeTavseba naklebad damajerebelia, radgan moZRvarT-moZRvars genaTelis pativi rom hqonoda SeTavsebuli, es im xanis dokumentebSi aisaxeboda. Cvens xelT arsebul arc erT sabuTSi ar Cans, rom moZRvarT-moZRvari amave dros genaTeli episkoposia.

1529 wlamde gelaTis saepiskoposos arsebobas varaudobda s. kakabaZec. misi azriT, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos malaqias mier Sedgenili dokumenti, sadac saubaria gelaTis saepiskoposos Seqmnaze da genaTel episkoposad melqisedek sayvareliZis xeldasxmaze, warmoadgenda genaTelTa saepiskoposo kaTedris aRdgenis sabuTs (kakabaZe 1921a: 10). dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom genaTeli episkoposi: `pireladca (pirveladca) sxuaTa episkiskoposTagan umetesi iyo da awca isive pirveli sawiravi ganuCineT. asi TeTri mierTmeodes samaradisod~ (iqve). es sityvebi dasturi unda iyos 1529 wlamde gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobis.

yuradRebas ipyrobs lixT-imereTis mefe aleqsandre II-s (1484-1510) sigelSi genaTelis moxseniebac: `Cuen mefeT mefeman aleqsandre... SemogwireT (gelaTs) banoJas xuTi

44

kuamli kaci xucesi beraZe... maTis col-SviliTa, saxl-kariTa, Wur-marniTa, miwa-adgiliTa... or Samaxurs da erTs Careqs sakmels did marxvaSid xaxulis RTismSoblis win miitandes da aTs menaxevres Rvinos genaTels miarTmevdes.... yovels did marxvaSid mefis mwirveli iyos...~ (Jordania 1897: 323). sigeli uTariRoa. T. Jordaniam is 1504 wliT daaTariRa (iqve). faqtia, rom aRniSnuli sigeli 1510 wlamde daiwera, radgan 1510 wels mefe aleqsandre gardaicvala. sigelSi genaTelis moxsenieba eWvs badebs XVI s-is dasawyisSi gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobis Sesaxeb. magram Cvens mier zemoT moyvanil cnobebSi, romlebic XVI s-is 20-ian wlebSi mefe bagrat III-is TaosnobiT gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebas Seexeba, arsad aris naxsnebi Zveli gelaTis saepiskoposo. maTSi saubaria mefe bagratis mier gelaTSi saepiskoposos Seqmnaze da ara mis aRdgenaze. afxazeTis kaTalikosi malaqia abaSiZe gelaTisadmi daweril sigelSi acxadebs: `RvTiv gvirgvinosanman mefeTmefeman bagrat moguaxsena da daguajera, rom genaTi saydrad da saepiskoposod Segveqmna~ (x.e.c. fondi SD - 2895).XVI s-is dasawyisSi gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedras rom earseba, eWvgareSea, es afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos malaqia abaSiZes ecodineboda da aRniSnulic eqneboda 1529 wels gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebisadmi specialurad Sedgenil sigelSi.

wyaroTa simciris gamo Znelia gadaWriT mtkiceba, arsebobda Tu ara XVI s-is 20-ian wlebamde gelaTis saepiskoposo da Tu arsebobda, rodis Sewyvita man moqmedeba. faqtia, rom 1529 wels, mefe bagrat III-is TaosnobiT, gelaTSi axali saepiskoposo Seiqmna, dadginda misi sazRvrebi da genaTel episkoposad xeldasxmul iqna melqisedek sayvareliZe.

genaTeli episkoposis saydrad gelaTis RvTismSoblis eklesia gamouyviaT, romelic uZvelesia gelaTis arqiteqturuli ansamblis nagebobaTa Soris. taZris mSenebloba mefe daviT IV-is (1089-1125) TaosnobiT dawyebula. Tumca arsebobs varaudebi, rom gelaTSi daviT

45

aRmaSeneblamdec iyo eklesia (gogsaZe 1948: 14).`moigona aRSenebai monastrisai da daamtkica, romelica

gamoirCia madlman saRmrToman, adgilsa yovlad Sueniersa da yovliTurT unaklulosa, romelsa Sina viTarca meore cai gardaarTxa taZari yovlad wmidisa dedisa RmrTisai... dasxna munve didTa da xuasrovanTa mefeTa taxtni da saydarni, sasanTlebi da sakidelni ferad-feradni, iavarad moxumulni Tvisni~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 313); mogviTxrobs daviT mefis istorikosi. igi Tavis TxzulebaSi monastris saxels ar axsenebs. s. yauxCiSvilis azriT daviT aRmaSeneblis TanamedroveTaTvis imdenad cnobili iyo daviTis mier gelaTSi monastris aSenebis ambavi, rom istorikoss Zeglis agebis istoriis gadmocemis dros, adgilis saxelis moxsenieba gamorCenia (yauxCiSvili1948: 12). Tumca Semdgom xanebSi daviTis istoriis mkiTxvelebi, rogorc Cans, grZnobdnen am uxerxulobas. amis anarekli unda iyos is, rom qarTlis cxovrebis eraj WalaSviliseul nusxaSi (XVI-XVII) daviTis mier agebuli monastri ukve saxeliT moxsenieba: `...xolo saxeli misi gelaTi~ (iqve, 13). gelaTis monasters saxeliT ixseniebs vaxuSti batoniSvilic: `...wyalwiTelas aRmosavliT, goris kalTas, ars eklesia yovlad wmidis RvTismSoblisa, did Suenieri, didnagebi da qmnuli SigniT sofiis kenWiTa, gumbaTiani, keTil-Suenieris adgilsa. aRaSena aRmaSenebelman daviT mefeman da uwoda sasufevels genaaTi, da aw uwodeben gelaTs (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 753).

toponim `gelaTis~ garSemo qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mravali mosazreba gamoiTqva. sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, `genaTelia~ berZnuli sityvaa da `Sobisad gamoiTargmaneba~(sulxan-saba 1991: 156). daviT RambaSiZis mtkicebiT, monastris namdvili saxeli iyo `gaenaTi, anu `genaTi,~ romelic warmomdgara berZnuli sityvis ̀ genafliakon~-isagan, rac dabadebas niSnavs (RambaSiZe 1888: 3). aris sxva mosazrebac, rom `gelaTi,~ qarTuli gvarsaxeluri toponimia da is monastris daarsebamdec arsebobda. misi Tavdapirveli formidan - `gelaTi,~

46

ganviTarda genaTi, geenaTi da gaenaTi (meliqiSvili 2007: 10).

`genaTi~ amavdroulad ebraul enaze niSnavs baRis kars, anu Zveli qarTuliT - `samoTxis kars~ da igi ewodeboda ierusalimis erT-erT karibWes, romelic daviT winaswarmetyvelis sasaxleSi Sedioda (iqve, 10).

kidev erTi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, ̀ gelaTi~ amosuls, mzis amosvlis sadars~ unda niSnavdes (kakulia 1997: 97).

martvilis raionis sofel lexaindraoSi Cawerili legendis mixedviT, daviT mefis mier agebuli taZrisaTvis saxelwodeba gelaTi, anu gaenaTi (genaaTi), daviTis gamzrdels-giorgi Wyondidels SeurCevia (q. i. m. Sromebi 2006: 79).

mefe daviT IV-s Tanamedrove istorikosi gelaTis monasters ̀ meored ierusalemad da sxuad aTinad~ ixseniebs (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 313-314), aqedan gamomdinare, monastris saxeli ̀ gelaTi~ Tu ̀ gaenaTi,~ Sesabamisad axlis dabadebas, axlis amobrwyinebas unda niSnavdes.

gelaTis gulanis minaweri gvamcnobs: `q~s sa (qoronikonsa) :s J d: (1606) ama qoronikonsamdis gelaTi rom dawyebula: f (500) weliwadi gardasuliyo~ (Jordania 1897: 437). am cnobis safuZvelze dgindeba, rom gelaTis mSenebloba 1106 wels dawyebula.

`dadianTa qronikis~ cnobiT: ̀ wels :C r l: (1130) daviT aRmaSenebelma gelaTi aRaSena.~ mefe daviTi gardaicvala 1125 wels. marTalia meqronike daviTis gardacvalebis TariRSi cdeba, magram is ki sayuradReboa ueWvelad, rom gelaTis damTavrebas 1130 wliT aTariRebs (gogsaZe 1948: 15). 1130 wels daviTis ufrosi vaJi demetre I (1125-1156) mefobda.

gelaTis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari marTlac demetre I-is zeobisas, 1130 wels dasrulda. magram gelaTis monastris aSeneba rom daviT aRmaSeneblis saxels daukavSirda, es sruliad bunebrivia, radgan igi iyo am saqmis Taosani, damwyebi da samuSaoTa didi nawilis Semsrulebeli (metreveli 2006: 7).

47

mefe daviTma monastris mSeneblobis paralelurad gelaTSi daaarsa saswavlo centri - gelaTis akademia. saswavlebelSi samoRvaweod moiwvia cnobili swavluli adamianebi: `Semokribna kacni patiosanni cxovrebiTa da Semkobilni yovliTa saTnoebiTa, ara TvisTa oden samefoTa Sina povnilni, aramed queyanisa kideTa, sadaiTca esmis vieTime sikeTe, sisrule da sulieriTa da xorcieliTa saTnoebiTa aRsavseobai; iZivna da keTilad gamoiZivna, moiyvanna da daamkvidrna mas Sina~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2008: 313).

gelaTis akademia daarsebuli unda iyos 1106-1110 wlebs Soris. wyaroebiT am wlebisaTvis saqarTveloSi sxva akademiis arseboba ar dasturdeba, amdenad, SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom gelaTis akademia ganviTarebuli feodaluri urTierTobis xanis saqarTvelos pirveli akademiaa (CakvetaZe 1958: 17). akademiisTvis monastris teritoriaze saero stilis nageboba auSenebiaT, romlis kedlebma Cvenamde moaRwia, (ukanasknel xanebSi nagebobas restavracia Cautarda).

gelaTis umaRlesi skola-akademia imdroindeli universitetis badali saswavlo dawesebuleba iyo, romelic maSindel standartebs Seesabameboda, rogorc savaldebulo sagnebis swavlebiT, ise leqtorTa (moZRvarTa) maRali doniT. aq Cven ioane petriwsa da arsen iyalToelTan erTad vxedavT efrem mcires, ioane tariWisZes, Teofile xucesmonazons, iezikelsa da sxv~ (metreveli 2006: 34). gelaTis akademiaSi iswavleboda Svidi disciplina: geometria, ariTmetika, musika, ritorika, gramatika, filosofia da astronomia (yauxCiSvili 1948: 15). aq arsebobda observatoriac, saidanac dakvirvebebs awarmoebdnen ciur mnaTobebze (nikoleiSvili 1982: 12).

gelaTis akademias moZRvarT-moZRvari xelmZRvanelobda, romelic didi pativiT sargeblobda rogorc sasuliero, aseve saxelisuflebo wreebSi. samefo karze moZRvarT-moZRvars meti pativi hqonda, vidre qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosebs. misi pativi swori iyo Wyondidelis pativisa,

48

magram zogjer amasac metobda (TayaiSvili 1929: 29). `moZRvarT-moZRvari darbazs awvion, da Sinauri darbazis eri unda, da erTi jori da sami cxeni moZRvarT-moZRvrisaTvis da orni misTa mowafeTaTvis,~ aRniSnulia ̀ xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ (iqve, 13).

gelaTis ukanaskneli moZRvarT-moZRvari, rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, gaxldaT manase. igi ixsenieba 1527 wlis sabuTSi, winamZRvar makaresTan erTad. Semdgomi xanis wyaroebSi moZRvarT-moZRvari aRar Cans. 1529 wlidan gelaTSi ukve genaTeli episkoposi moRvaweobs. am droisaTvis arseboba Sewyvita gelaTis akademiamac.

monastris galavanSi, RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZrisa da akademiis Senobis garda, aigo wm. giorgisa da wm. nikolozis SedarebiT mcire zomis eklesiebi, agreTve samreklo da sxva daniSnulebis nagebobebi. savaraudod, mefe daviT IV-m gelaTSi aago qsenonic. qsenonis gelaTSi arseboba iZleoda safuZvels gelaTis akademiaSi medicinis swavlebis arsebobis varaudisaTvis (metreveli 2006: 34).

1650-1652 wlebSi imereTis samefoSi rusi elCebi a. ievlevi da n. toloCanovi imyofebodnen, romlebmac 1651 wlis 13 ivliss gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi moinaxules. ievlevis cnobiT, gelaTis monasters cixe-galavani da koSkebi ertya. galavnis SigniT TerTmeti sxvadasxva zomis palati (nageboba) idga, maT Soris erT-erTi gamoirCeoda Tavisi sididiT, romlis sigrZe oci saJeni da sigane rva saJeni iyo (ievlevi 1969: 135). ievlevis mier aRwerili palati gaxldaT gelaTis akademiis Senoba, romelsac 1651 wlisaTvis Tavisi funqcia ukve dakarguli hqonda da satrapezod iyo gadakeTebuli. ievlevis TqmiT, am nagebobaSi gamoyofili iyo specialuri adgili, sadac mefe jdeboda sadilobis dros (iqve).

gelaTis monasteri qarTuli mecnierebisa da kulturis kera iyo. aq didi mTargmnelobiTi samuSaoebi tardeboda. gelaTis akademiaSi iTargmna berZnuli enidan qarTul enaze ioane petriwis mier aristoteles, ioseb flaviosis, prokle diadoxosis, nemesios emeselis Txzulebani. arsen

49

iyalToelis mier iTargmna didi sjulis kanoni da sxva (nikolaiSvili 1982: 12). gelaTSi umdidresi wignTsacavi unaxavT rus elCebs, ievlevsa da toloCanovs. ievlevis TqmiT, RvTismSoblis taZris sakurTxevelSi, aRsavlis karebis marjvena mxares iyo wignebis sacavi. genaTel mitropolit zaqaria qvarians rusi elCebisTvis uTqvams, rom im wignTsacavSi inaxeboda: `Zveli aRTqmis, dabadebis wignebi, agreTve wminda mamaTa cxovrebisa da berZenTa da imerTa keTilmsaxur mefeTa gamarjvebebis aRwerilobani~ (ievlevi 1969: 133).

e. TayaiSvilis varaudiT, gelaTSi unda Seqmniliyo samarTlis wigni Tavisi qronologiuri cnobebiT, romelic dednis piris saxiT xelSi hqonia vaxuSti batoniSvils da vrclad Seutania Tavis istoriaSi (TayaiSvili 1920: 12). gelaTSi unda daweriliyo cnobili `xelmwifis karis garigebac~ (iqve, 10).

rogorc irkveva, XIX saukunis meore naxevramde gelaTis monasterSi calke saistorio Txzulebis saxiT inaxeboda daviT aRmaSeneblis cxovreba, romelic amave dros Sesulia qarTlis cxovrebis krebulSi. aRniSnuli Txzulebis avtorad d. RambaSiZe mefe daviTis swavlul moZRvars _ arsens asaxelebs (RambaSiZe 1888: 14). es xelnaweri gelaTis monastridan wauRia mitropolit daviT wereTels da gadaucia Tavisi Zmis grigorisaTvis, am ukanasknels ki Tavis ZmiswulisaTvis, romlis xelSidac xelnaweri dakargula (iqve).

Zlierebis xanaSi saqarTveloSi oqroWeduri xelovnebis ramdenime skola arsebobda. maTgan opizis Semdeg erT-erTi Zlieri skola gelaTSi iyo, romelic wminda dekoraciul amocanebs amuSavebda (CakvetaZe 1958: 37).

gelaTSi, rogorc SedarebiT dacul adgilas, mravali ganZi da siwminde iyrida Tavs. maT Soris umniSvnelovanesi iyo XII s-Si samxreT saqarTvelodan aq gadmobrZanebuli xaxulis RvTismSoblis xati, aseve XVI s-is II naxevarSi gadmobrZanebuli awyurisa da biWvinTis RvTismSoblis xatebi~ (gelaTuri xelnawerebi 2011: 52-53 ).

50

ievlevis cnobiT, gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZarSi inaxeboda jvrebiTa da Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli oqros gvirgvinebi, romlebic qarTvel mefeTa kuTvnileba iyo (ievlevi 1969: 133). aq agreTve inaxeboda sxva auarebeli Zvirfaseuloba.

gelaTis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, arqiteqturuli Rirsebis garda, Tavisi moxatulobiTac gamoirCeva. samwuxarod, taZris centralur nawilSi arsebulma freskebma pirvandeli saxiT Cvenamde ver moaRwies. rogorc samxreT gumbaTqveSa burjze daculi warwera iuwyeba, Senoba xelaxla mouxatavT XVI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi (memfisaSvili 1965: 10). freskebisgan gansxvavebiT, pirvandeli saxiT aris SemorCenili RvTismSoblis taZris sakurTxevlis naxevarsferoze brwyinvaled Sesrulebuli XII saukunis ganTqmuli mozaika: oqrosfer fonze feradi kenWebiT gamosaxulia RvTismSobeli ori angeloziT. Sesrulebis maRali ostatoba da metyveli gamomsaxveloba gelaTis mozaikas msoflio mniSvnelobis ganTqmul mxatvrul ZeglTa gverdiT ayenebs (iqve,). igi Tavisi zogadi mxatvruli principebiT miekuTvneba bizantiur xelovnebas, magram amave dros, mravali stilistikuri niSan-TvisebebiT, gansxvavdeba sakuTriv konstantinopolis skolis qmnilebaTagan da mWidrod ukavSirdeba qarTuli xelovnebis Zeglebs (memfisaSvili... 1982: 10).

arsebobs gadmocema, rom rodesac gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi am mozaikas restavracia Cautarda, sarestavracio jgufis xelmZRvanels karlo bakuraZes, saTiTaod dauTvlia kenWebi da aRmoCnda, rom gelaTis mozaika daaxloebiT milion rvaasi aTasi kenWisagan aris Semdgari.

gelaTis monasteri aSenebisTanave saqarTvelos mefeTa saZvaled gamocxadda. aq ikrZalebodnen erTiani saqarTvelos mefeebi. saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebad daSlis Semdeg gelaTi imereTis mefeTa saZvaled iqca.

1510 wels osmalebis mier gelaTis darbevis Semdeg, aq aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi imereTis mefe bagrat III-m Caatara. mis mier gacemuli erT-erTi sigelis mixedviT,

51

bagrati gelaTs wyalwiTelasa da rions Soris arsebul miwebs swiravs da dasZens rom: `moZRvarT-moZRvris meti sxvaTa xeli aravis Sevidodeso~ (kakabaZe: 1921a: 7). bagrati sofel Txilebs mcxovreb gelaTis monastris glexebs samefo gadasaxadebisganac anTavisuflebs (iqve).

1527 wlis sabuTSi, mefe bagrati saubrobs murvan yrusagan safuZvlamde daqceuli mTavarangelozis saxelobis eklesiis aRdgenaze, romelic monastris axlos unda mdgariyo (iqve, 8). bagrat III-s aRudgenia monastris galavnis SigniT mdgari wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiac da is Tavis saZvaled gauxdia (iqve, 51). mefe bagratTan erTad gelaTSi aRmSeneblbiTi samuSaoebi CautarebiaT afxazeTis kaTalikos evdemon CxetiZes da pirvel genaTel episkopos melqisedek sayvareliZes.

sofeli genaTi, (kastelis albomi)

52

§ 3xonis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da sazRvrebi

rogorc aRvniSneT, 1529 wels gelaTis paralelurad, saepiskoposo kaTedra daarsda xonSic da pirvel xonel episkoposad xeldasxmul iqna manoel CxetiZe. `...amasave drosa imave patronman (bagrat III - m b. g.) gaaCina xonel episkopozad mCetis-Ze (CxetiZe) manoel misve afxazeTisa kaTalikozisa xeliTa saydarTa Sigan biWvintisaTa, qoronikoni iyo :s i z: (218) - 1529 w. warvediT afxazeTs sakurTxevlad ivnissa k, (20) da movediT ivlissa k. (20)~ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 493).

xonel episkoposs vake imereTis mwyemss uwodebs vaxuSti batoniSvili: `ars xons eklesia didi, gumbaTiani, Suenier nagebi. zis episkopozi, mwyemsi vakisa. es iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskopozisa. Semdgomad ganyofisa dasues aqa episkopozi~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 751). am cnobis mixedviT xonis saepiskoposo vake imereTs moicavda. masSi gaerTianda saTavadoebidan: salorTqifaniZeo, saRoRoberiZeo, samiqelao, saCijavaZo (nawilobriv), wulukiZeTa da CxeiZeTa saTavadoebis xonis Soriaxlo mdebare mamulebi (failoZe 1997: 164 ).

XVII s-Si moRvawe TeaTineli misioneri kristoforo kasteli, romelic 1632-1656 wlebSi saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, axsenebs quTaisis sazRvarze arsebul ̀ konolis~ anu xonis saepiskoposos: `konolis saepiskoposo quTaissa da samegrelos sazRvarzea. aq cxovrobs mefis mier arCeuli episkoposi romelsac pistore ewodeba~ (kasteli 1976: 175).

xonis saepiskoposos sazRvrebis Sesaxeb saubrobs XVIII saukunis germaneli mogzauri giuldenStedtic. misi TqmiT, xoneli mTavarepiskoposis samwyso: `rionsa da cxeniswyals Soris mdebare imereTis nawilia~ (giuldenStedti 1962: 29).

giuldenStedti 1772 wlis agvistos TveSi xonSi imyofeboda. igi cnobebs gvawvdis im periodis xonis

53

Sesaxeb. aRwers xonis wminda giorgis eklesias da mis maxloblad mdebare moedanze gamarTul bazrobas: `xoni aris didi sofeli, daaxloebiT 2000 ojaxiT; igi aqauri Cveulebis sawinaaRmdegod wreebad da quCebadaa dayofili, magram xalxi SoriSors cxovrobs, radgan yovel ojaxs Tavisi baRebi da naTesebi Tavis saxlebTan aqvT.........aq aris imereTis mTavarepiskoposis sajdomi. qvitkiris ugumbaTo eklesia, soflis SuaSi, aris mxolod 15 nabiji sigrZisa da 10 nabiji siganisa. patara samreklo koSki dgas sasaflaos kedelze..... xonSi eklesiis gverdiT aris didi moedani cacxviT da aRmosavluri WadriT, es moedani 2 versis farTobs moicavs, rogorc yovel paraskevs, dResac am xeebis CrdilSi Sekrebiliyvnen orive sqesis myidvel - gamyidvelni da gaeCaRebinaT bazroba...~ (giuldenStedti 1962: 155).

sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, `xoni~ did tabaks niSnavs, xolo `xonCa, sxuaTa enaa, qarTulad sifli da tabaki hqvian~ (sulxan-saba 1993: 427).

saxelwodeba `xoni~ - `xonCidan~ unda damkvidrebuliyo da farTo gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT did dasaxlebas aRniSnavs (failoZe 2003: 26).

quTaisis saepiskopososgan gelaTis da xonis saepiskoposoebis gamoyofis Semdeg, quTaTelis samwyso sagrZnoblad Semcirda. saquTaTlos samxreTiT mesxeTis qedi sazRvravda, rionis samxreTiT mdebare teritoria md. suloridan lixis qedamde da Crdilo aRmosavleTiT md. Coloburidan vidre lixis qedamde quTaTelis samwysod darCa (gabisonia 2006: 13). dasavleTiT saquTaTlos xonis saepiskoposo daumezoblda, xolo Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT gelaTis saepiskoposo.

xoneli episkoposis rezidencia xonis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi ganTavsda, romelic bazilikuri tipis nagebobas warmoadgens. wyaroTa simciris gamo zustad ver dgindeba misi agebis TariRi. frangma qarTvelologma mari brosem xonis eklesiis mSenebloba mefe Tamaris (1184-1213) saxels daukavSira. eqvTime TayaiSvilma am eklesiis

54

kedelze Sesrulebul erT-erT lapidarul warweraSi moxseniebuli giorgi kurapalati, erTiani saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I-ad miiCnia da taZris aSenebis TariRad 1014-1027 wlebi daasaxela (TayaiSvili ,1913-14: 272). didi mecnieris varaudiT xonis eklesia XII saukuneSi ganaxlebula Tamar mefis dros, Semdeg misi aRdgena XIV s-Si momxdara, vinaidan erTi gadmocema xonis wm. giorgis eklesiis aSenebas miawers vamey dadians - 1396 w. (iqve).

arsebobs kidev erTi varaudi, rom xonis wm. giorgis taZari agebulia erismTavar miris Zmis, erismTavar arCilis Svilebis: juanSeris da ioanes dros, VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi (failoZe 1997: 34).

xonis eklesiaSi SemorCenilia Zveli freskebis fragmentebi. rogorc Cans, JamTa siavis gamo maTi sruli saxiT SenarCuneba ver moxerxda. taZris moxatulobas XVI-XVII saukuneebiT aTariReben. sakurTxevlis TaRze arsebuli berZnuli warweris mixedviT, xonis taZari 1677 wels aris moxatuli (mesxi 2011: 427). freskebze SemorCenil qarTul da berZnul warwerebTan erTad arabuli warwerebic gvxvdeba, rac sineli berebis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobasTanaa dakavSirebuli (iqve).

xonis eklesia mraval ganZsa da siwmindes inaxavda. aq daculi iyo vercxliT naWedi wminda giorgis sami xati, agreTve macxovris xati - `anCisxatis~ saxeliT cnobili, romelic anCis sakaTedro taZridan imereTis mefis bagrat III - is (1510 - 15650) mier unda iyos gadmotanili (failoZe 2003: 36). agreTve vercxlis sawinamZRvro jvari oqroTi daferili, jvari aTonuri vercxlis arSiiT da Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkobili, saeklesio droSa da sxva (TayaiSvili 1913-14: 279).

xonis eklesiaSi inaxeboda sxvadasxva dros Semowiruli Zvirfasi nivTebic. maT Soris solomon I-is meuRlis - gulqanis mier Sewiruli vercxlis Tasi warweriT: `var sirma xasi brwyinvale, gulqanis piri mcinare.~ fexiani Wiqa vercxlisa, misganve Sewiruli. solomon I-is Sewiruli vercxlis sura da sxva (boWoriZe1995: 26).

55

mdidari iyo xonis eklesiis wignTsacavi. aq uZvirfases xelnawer wignebs Soris daculi iyo `wigni ammonios ermisisai,~ `antoni didis cxovreba,~ `klemaqsi anu kibe ioane sinelisa,~ `cxovreba da moqalaqeoba netarisa andriasi,~ `saxarebis Targmani~ da sxva (TayaiSvili 1913-14: 290-291).

xonis wm. giorgis eklesias kargad organizebuli skola hqonda, romlis mwignobruli saqmianoba kidev ufro gacxovelda XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi antoni CijavaZis dros. misi Tanamedrovea am skolis erT-erTi moRvawe mitrofane grigolaSvili, romelsac Seudgenia sasuliero- meToduri xasiaTis saxelmZRvanelo `swavla Tu viTar mmarTebs moZRvarsa swavleba mowafisa, kiTxva migebiT warmodgenili~ (vaWriZe 1999: 55).

xoneli episkoposebi msgavsad genaTlebisa da quTaTlebisa, aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli qveynis sasuliero da saero cxovrebaSi.

§ 4 nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi da

sazRvrebi

imereTis mefe bagrat III-m gelaTis da xonis saepiskoposoebis daarsebis da imereTSi poziciebis ganmtkicebis Semdeg, yuradReba raWaze gadaitana.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, 1534 wels: `bagrat mefeman dasua erisTavad raWas CxeiZe SoSita da miscna romelnime saxaso dabani da cixe minda, rameTu aqamomde iyo raWa samefo da kualad hyo saerisTod~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 811).

Zveli raWis saerisTavo g. boWoriZis varaudiT X-XI saukuneebis zRvarze unda daearsebina erTiani saqarTvelos pirvel mefes bagrat III-s (978-1014), romelmac raWis erisTavoba baRvaSTa saxlis warmomadgenels rati liparitis Zes uboZa. manam ki raWa SesaZlebelia Sorapnis (argveTis)

56

saerisTavos nawili iyo (boWoriZe 1994: 46). mefe bagrat III-is saxels ukavSirdeba XI saukunis dasawyisSi raWaSi nikorwmindis taZris agebac, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saerisTavos Seqmna-ganmtkicebaSi am arqiteqturulma Zeglmac garkveuli roli Seasrula (metreveli 2013: 70).

kacxis monasterSi XX s-is 20-ian wlebamde inaxeboda erTi jvari, romlis warweraSi `rati raWisa erisTavi ZiTurT~ RmerTs Sewyalebasa da daxmarebas Txovs. es jvari da misi warwera g. CubinaSvilma X s-is dasasruliTa da XI s-is dasawyisiT daaTariRa. es aris raWis saerisTavos da TviT raWis uZvelesi werilobiTi moxsenieba. TviT rati ki raWis pirveli erisTavi rati liparitis Zea (beraZe 2004: 77).

1021 wels bizantia-saqarTvelos omSi sofel SirimTan, raWis pirveli erisTavis rati liparitis Zis daRupvis Semdeg, saqarTvelos mefem giorgi I-ma (1014 - 1027) raWis erisTavoba mis Zes kaxabers uboZa, romelic 10 wlis Semdeg berad aRikveca kiriles saxeliT. giorgi I-is memkvidrem, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV-m (1027-1072) raWis saerisTavo kaxaberis vaJsrati kaxaberis Zes gadasca. aqidan mokidebuli kaxaberisZe mamis saxelidan gvarsaxelad gadaiqca, romelsac baRvaSTa saxlis is Sto atarebda, romelic raWaSi iyo damkvidrebuli (iqve).

XI s-is bolo periodiT daTariRebul nikorwmindis macxovris xatis warweraSi vkiTxulobT: `me kaxaber yofilma kirile... movWede xati ese sadRegrZeleblad Zisa Cemisa erisTavT-erisTavisa raWis erisTavisa ratisad~ (boWoriZe 1994: 46). warweraSi moxseniebuli rati, raWis erisTavi rati kaxaberisZea.

kaxaberisZeebi raWis saerisTavos XI saukunidan moyolebuli XIII saukunis 70-ian wlebamde ganagebdnen. Zveli raWis saerisTavos ukanasknelma erisTavma kaxaber kaxaberisZem, ramdenjerme uRalata lixT-imereTis mefe daviT narins (1246-1259 ww. erTiani saqarTvelos mefe daviT ulusTan erTad, 1259-1293 ww. lixT-imereTis

57

mefe). gamousworebeli Sinagamcemi kaxaber kaxaberis Ze gaxeibrebiT daisaja, misi memkvidreebi ki saqarTvelodan konstantinopolSi gadaasaxles (narkvevebi 1979: 602). amis Semdeg kaxaber kaxaberisZes didxans aRar ucocxlia, raWis saerisTavo ki gauqmda.

rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, 1534 wels imereTis mefe bagrat III-m raWis saerisTavo aRadgina da erisTavoba SoSita CxeiZes uboZa. Tumca, arsebobs cnobebi rom raWis saerisTavo XIV-XV saukuneTa mijnaze ukve aRdgenili iyo da erisTavadac aq vinme aRbuRa ijda (soselia 1973: 73).

e. TayaiSvilis mier XIV saukuniT daTariRebul minawerebSi ixseniebian raWis erisTavebi bedani da lomina (TayaiSvili 1963: 36).

XV s-is pirvel naxevarSi raWis erisTavoba WareliZeTa gvars eWira. 1432 wlis sigelSi, raWis erisTavad moxseniebulia cici WareliZe. dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom Zmebs kotriZeebs erisTavma WareliZem cicim, Zma abesalomi moukla da amis gamo kotriZeebs WareliZesaTvis sami sofeli onWevi, sorRiTi da WurisTavi daurbeviaT (kakabaZe 1912b: 9).

cici WareliZis Semdeg raWis erisTavi iyo qveli WareliZe, romelsac gadmocemis mixedviT auSenebia da mouxatavs sofel soris jvarcmis saxelobis eklesia. misi freskuli gamosaxuleba dResac eklesiis Crdilo kedelzea SemorCenili (guguSvili 2003: 52). qveli WareliZis freskas axlavs warwera: `wmidao: g~i: mravalZalisao: meux da mfarvel: eqmen: w~e Ru~Tisa: WrelisZesa: (WarelisZesa b. g.) qvelsa~ (TayaiSvili 1963: 25).

istoriul dokumentebSi raWis erisTavad kidev erTi WareliZe fiqsirdeba. es gaxlavT mirian WareliZe, romelmac giorgi da aRsarTan SermazanaSvilebs aTi komli glexi uboZa. SermazanaSvilebs erisTavi erTgulad daucavT, rodesac mas SaorSi giorgi kaxaberisZe dasxmia Tavs. Semdeg kaxaberiZes nikorwmindis saydrisTvis Seufarebia Tavi, saidanac WareliZes gamouyvania da tyved Caugdia. giorgi

58

kaxaberisZe raWis erisTavTa STamomavali unda yofiliyo (beraZe 2004: 82). am cnobidan Cans rom kaxaberisZeTa sagvareulos wevrebi ver urigdebodnen raWaSi WareliZeTa gaerisTavebas.

mirian WareliZe moxseniebulia soris eklesiis jvarcmis xatze Sesrulebul waweraSic: ̀ ...qriste RmerTo Cveno meox meyav Wrelis Zesa (Warelis Zesa b. g.) mirians da colsa Cemsa~ (TayaiSvili 1963: 30).

XV saukunis bolodan raWaSi CxetiZeebis (CxeiZeebis) gvari gaZlierda da erisTavobac maT gadaecaT. 1488 wels raWis erisTavad ivane CxetiZes vxedavT. 1497 wels ki, mis Zmas kaxabers, romelic raWis erisTavad Cans 1503 welsac. amieridan es saerisTavo CxetiZeTa sagvareulos xelSia (soselia1973: 74).

moyvanili faqtebidan gamomdinare, vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnoba, romelic 1534 wels mefe bagrat III-is mier raWis saerisTavos aRdgenas Seexeba, sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. raWis saerisTavo ara ugvianes XIV saukunis meore naxevarSi ukve aRdgenili iyo.

1534 wels mefe bagrat III-m raWis erisTavoba SoSita CxeiZes uboZa (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 811). unda aRiniSnos, rom CxetiZeTa sagvareulo XVI s-is pirvel naxevarSi mefisadmi erTgulebiT gamoirCeoda. amiT iyo ganpirobebuli imereTis mefis bagrat III-is mier CxetiZeebis dawinaureba da maTi warmomadgenlebis maRal saero Tu saeklesio Tanamdebobebze xeldasxma. am periodSi (XVI s-is I nax.) dasavleT saqarTvelos ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTedraze, daaxloebiT xuTze, erT droulad erTi da igive gvaris warmomadgenlebi - CxetiZeebi isxdnen (lominaZe 1966: 206).

raWis erisTavad SoSita CxeiZis daniSvnis paralelurad, bagrat III-m am mxareSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra Seqmna. arsebobs varaudi, rom gelaTis msgavsad, uwin nikorwmindaSic iyo saepiskoposo kaTedra, romelic garkveuli drois Semdeg gauqmda da aRdgenil iqna 1544 wels (kakabaZe 1922: 29), magram ra periodSi moqmedebda

59

Zveli nikorwmindis saepiskoposo, an Tu moqmedebda saerTod, wyaroTa simwiris gamo Zneli dasazustebelia. ambrosi xelaia imowmebs platon ioselianis cnobas, rom qarTlis mefe vaxtang gorgaslis mier lixT-imereTSi daarsebuli ori eparqiidan erTi nikorwmindis eparqia iyo raWaSi (xelaia 2011: 175). Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom platon ioselianis naSromSi ̀ Краткая историа Грузинской церкви~, sadac CamoTvlilia mefe vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebuli Tu aRdgenili eparqiebi, ar ixsenieba nikorwmindis saepiskoposo. CamonaTvalSi moxseniebulia ninowmindis saepiskoposo (Иоселиани 1843: 36). vaxtang gorgaslis droidan nikorwmindaSi saepiskoposo kaTedris arseboba naklebad aris savaraudebeli.zogierTi mosazrebiT raWis mxare nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebamde, (XVI s-is 30-ian wlebamde) quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebSi Sedioda (gabisonia 2006: 11).

safiqrebelia, rom raWaSi qristianoba qarTlidan Sevida, rasac mowmobs sofel joisubanSi arsebuli VIII-IX saukuneebiT daTariRebuli eklesiis saxelwodeba - mcxeTis wminda giorgis eklesia. sofeli mcxeTa arsebobda leCxumSic. orive es garemoeba, e. i. `mcxeTis~ arseboba raWaSi da leCxumSi cxadyofs, rom qristianoba am kuTxeebSi aRmosavleTidan, mcxeTidan Sesula (boWoriZe 1994: 53). XVI saukunis 30-ian wlebSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebisa Tu aRdgenis Semdeg, nikorwmindeli episkoposi, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikoss daemorCila.

nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb cnobebi Semonaxulia Cvens xelT arsebul or dokumentSi. erT-erTi maTgani gaxlavT nikorwmindis sigeli, romelic warmoadgens nikorwmindis monastris winamZRvris angariSs, nikorwmindisTvis SeZenili qonebisa da gaRebuli Sewirulebebis Sesaxeb. m. berZniSvilis varaudiT, aRniSnuli sigeli unda daeweraT 1071-1080 wlebs Soris (berZniSvili 1979: 32). sigeli tyavis etratzea Sesrulebuli, romlis meore gverdze XVI s-is nusxuriT manoel nikorwmindelis

60

davalebiT, dekanoz mRvdel-monazon markozs dauweria cnoba, nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli dokumenti T. Jordaniam Semoklebuli saxiT Seitana `qronikebis~ II tomSi. xolo s. kakabaZem srulad gamoaqveyna. moviyvanT s. kakabaZiseul variants: `RvTiT gvirgvinosanman mefeman bagrat ganaaxla da k d (kidiT) aRaSena eklesia wmidis mRdelT moZRvris nkzis (nikolozis) misda sadRegrZeloT da gasamarjveblad.... igulismodgina TviT mpyrobelman mefeman... monasteri ese eklesiad da damadgina me ganmged da efiskoposad uRirsi da codvili mRvdel mTavari manoel da ganuCines raWis Sesavali da sasjlo da sakurTxi adgilni dabani maTis samarTlianis mzRvriTa romelic am eklesiis Semavali aris sayane da sanadiro da saTevze sawiskvilo sajoge saTibi tyiTa da veliTa mTiTa da bariTa aras kacis ZaliT wanaRebi da nausamarTloveli ara aris mefis iyo da man daiklo w is (wmindis) nikolosis saydars Semoswira saraWos.... daiwera qoronikonsa :s l v: - 236 (1548) xeliTa friad codvilisa... dekanozisa mRvdel monazvnisa markozisaTa... amis yovelTa kideTa qveynisaTa pyrobelsa mefisa Cvenisa kurapalatisa da mRdelT mTavar efiskopozisa Cvenisa manoel nikolozwmidelisaTa~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 6). s. kakabaZe aRniSnavs, rom TariRis aRmniSvneli s da l (230) cudad ikiTxeba, xolo v (6) garkveviT Cans. aqidan gamomdinare man aRniSnuli qoronikoni saeWvod miiCnia.

meore dokumenti gaxlavT bagrat III-is mier nikorwmindisTvis boZebuli sigeli, romelic agreTve nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebas exeba. dokumentSi grZeli RvTismetyveluri winasityvaobis Semdeg vkiTxulobT: `...Cven nebiTa RTisaTa afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa da SanSe da SarvanSa mefeT mefeman... bagrat da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman dedofalT dedofalman elene viguleT da vigulismodgineT da xelvhyaviT aRSenebada dakninebulisa monastrisa nikolwmidisa da Sevqmen saydrada da saepizkopozoda. davadgine da wmida da RmerT Semosili manoel da.... ganuCineT samwysoni da sakurTxni ToTendaurs

61

mTas aqada, okribis mTas aqada, nakaloebsa aqada, muxuris mTas aqada, kveSelvas erwos sajvares aqada, mTa dvaleTisa, Rebi, glola, yison gamomdinare rioni da srulada raWa askiswyalsa gamoRma... rac ama sofelsa da dabasa gamosavali da begara gamovidodes eseni srulad wmidasa mRdelTmTavar episkopazasa nikolwmidelsa miebarebodes da aras kacis xeli ara mixvdebodes... vinca mSelad da maqcevelad gamoCndes... krul... (iyos, b. g.) afxazeTis k - z pariaqTa madliTa da qarTlis k-zp - qTa madliTa da maTTa mimdgomTa mitropolitTa mT-episkopozTa da sxvaTa episkopozTa madliTa... daiwera brZaneba da sigeli ese Cveni indiktionsa mefobisa Cvenisa meoTxesa qk ~ s (qoronikonsa) :s k i b: (1544) Tvesa agvistosa T (9), xeliTa gigi abaSiZisaTa nebiTa RTisaTa~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 8 ).

s. kakabaZem am ori dokumentis SejerebiT daaskvna, rom nikorwmindis saepiskoposos damaarsebeli bagrat mefe, kurapalatad wodebuli, ar aris imereTis mefe bagrat III, romelic mefobda 1510-1565 wlebSi. mas miaCnda, rom bagrat III-is paralelurad, imereTSi moRvaweobda sxva bagrati, kurapalatad wodebuli, romelic gamefebula 1541 wels da imoRvawa 1548 wlis CaTvliT. s. kakabaZem vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnoba, romelic 1548 wels imerTa mefis bagrat III-is gardacvalebas exeba, Secdomad CaTvala, radgan 1565 wlamde arsebul sabuTebSi bagrat III cocxali Cans. misi azriT, vaxuSti batoniSvils upovnia 1548 wlis cnoba, romelic bagrat mefis, kurapalatad wodebulis gardacvalebas exeba da SecdomiT miuCnevia bagrat III-is gardacvalebis TariRad. s. kakabaZis varaudiT bagrat mefe, kurapalatad wodebuli unda yofiliyo raWa-argveTis mflobeli, romelsac qarTlis dasavleTi nawilic emorCileboda 1541-1548 wlebSi da romlis mierac iqna daarsebuli nikorwmindis saepiskoposo (kakabaZe 1912a: 12- 13).

s. kakabaZis varaudi samecniero wreebSi ar iqna gaziarebuli. Zneli dasajerebelia imereTis mefe bagrat III-s, romlis gavlena im periodis dasavleT saqarTvelosa

62

da samcxe-saaTabagoze vrceldeboda, daeSva vinmes gabatoneba raWa-argveTSi. garda amisa axali saepiskoposo kaTedrebis daarseba swored bagrat III-is politikis Semadgeneli nawili iyo, rac misTvis politikuri dasayrdenis gaCenas isaxavda miznad. amitom moyvanil dokumentebSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindis saepiskoposos damaarsebeli mefe bagrati, igive kurapalatad wodebuli, imereTis mefe bagrat III-ea da ara vinme raWa-argveTis mflobeli bagrat kurapalati.

mefe bagratis mier nikorwmindisaTvis boZebuli sigeli, T. Jordanias mier gamocemul versiaSi 1534 wliT TariRdeba. dokumentSi, sadac saubaria `indiktionsa mefobisa C~nisa meoTxesa,~ T. Jordanias varaudiT unda igulisxmebodes `ocdameoTxesa~ (Jordania 1897: 379). bagrat III-is gamefebidan Tu mivumatebT 24 wels, miviRebT 1534 wels (1510 + 24 = 1534). `...C~n mefeT mefeman bagrat da T~a mecxedreman C~nman dedofalT dedofalman elene... xelvyaviT aRSenebad dakninebulisa monastrisa nikoloz w~isa da Sevqmen saydrad da saepiskoposod da davadgine... meufe manoel... da SemogwireT... Sevamke... da Sevswire dabani da sofelni... daiwera... indiktionsa mefobisa C~nisa meoTxesa (ocdameoTxesa ?) q~ks : s k b : (1534) T~a agvistosa cxrasa, xeliTa g~i abaSiZisaTa~ (iqve, 380). Cveni varaudiT aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT T. Jordanias mosazreba ufro misaRebia. nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra, imereTis mefe bagrat III-s gamefebidan ocdameoTxe wels - `q~ksa : s k b: anu 1534 wels unda daearsebina.

T. Jordanias varauds iziareben da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedras 1534 wels daarsebulad Tvlian e. TayaiSvili, m. berZniSvili g. guguSvili da sxv. xolo s. kakabaZis msgavsad T. beraZe da m. murusiZe miiCneven, rom nikorwmindaSi, saepiskoposo kaTedra 1544 wels Seiqmna.

T. Jordanias azriT, pirveli nikorwmindeli episkoposi manueli, SeiZleba igive manuel CxetiZe iyos, romelic 1529 wels xonelad dasves (iqve, 379). manuel CxetiZe mefe bagratis ndobiT aRWurvili piri iyo. garkveuli periodi mas mawyvereli episkoposis pativic hqonda. ar

63

aris gamoricxuli, rom mefe bagrats, Tavisi erTguli episkoposi manuel CxetiZe, xonidan axladdaarsebul nikorwmindis kaTedraze gadaeyvana. amgvarad SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom pirvel nikorwmindel episkoposad 1534 wels yofili xoneli manoel CxetiZe iqna xeldasxmuli.

nikorwmindis saepiskoposom mTeli istoriuli raWa moicva. misi samxreT dasavleTi da samxreT aRmosavleTi sazRvari: `okribis mTas aqaT nakaloebsa da muxuris mTas gadmoRma~ gavida. Crdilo da Crdilo aRmosavleTiT `kveSelvas erwos sajvares, dvaleTis mTis gadmoRma, aseve Rebsa da glolas~ sazvrebSi Semoifargla. dasavleTidan askiswyals gamoRma sruliad raWa moicva. rogorc manoel nikorwmindelis Sedgenili dokumentidan Cans nikorwmindas: `adgilni da dabani maTis samarTlianis mzRvriTa romelic am eklesiis Semavali aris sayane da sanadiro da saTevze sawiskvilo sajoge saTibi tyiTa da veliTa mTiTa da bariTa... mefis iyo da man daiklo w~is nikolosis saydars Semoswira~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 4). am dokumentis mixedviT bagrat III-s Tavisi kuTvnili mamuli Seuwiravs nikorwmindis saepiskopososTvis.

nikorwmindis saepiskoposos sazRvrebi ucvleli yofila XVIII saukuneSic. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT: `xotevs zeiT, amis wyalsve, erTvis agaris xevi. am xevzed ars nikolawmida, eklesia gumbaTiani, keTil-didSeni. zis episkopozi, mwyemsi glolas queiTis raWisa~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 764).

nikorwmindis saepiskoposos, Tavisi samwysos sazRvrebs gareTac hqonda kuTvnili soflebi. erT-erTi maTgani iyo mefe bagrat III-is mier Sewiruli sofeli rcxilaTi argveTSi, sami mosaxle gvariT: gabisaZeebiT, CafiZeebiT da gamezardaSvilebiT (kakabaZe 1912a: 10).

nikorwminda, rogorc zemoT moyvanili dokumentebidan irkveva, saepiskoposos daarsebamde monasteri iyo. `mefeT mefeman bagrat da .... dedofalT dedofalman elene vigulismodgineT da xelvyaviT aRSenebada dakninebulisa monastrisa nikolwmidisa da Sevqmen saydrad da

64

saepiskopozod (kakabaZe 1912a: 6). Tumca rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT arsebobs varaudebi, rom nikorwmindaSi XVI saukunemdec iyo saepiskoposo kaTedra. nikorwmindis monastris winamZRvari, romlis mierac daiwera zemoT moyvanili XI saukunis nikorwmindis sigeli, amave dros nikorwmindeli (nikorwmindis episkoposi) unda yofiliyo (metreveli 2013: 63).

nikorwmindis taZari eqvsafsidiani centralur-gumbaTovani nagebobaa, (beriZe 1959: 8). es Zegli skulpturis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani etapis damaxasiaTebeli nimuSia, igi mZlavri SemoqmedebiTi Ziebis xanas - XI saukunes ekuTvnis (aladaSvili 1957: 3). taZari IV saukuneSi moRvawe cnobili wminda mamis - nikolozis saxelze aigo da Zvel istoriul dokumentebSi `nikolaoswmida~-d an `nikolwmida~-d ixsenieboda, xolo iq moRvawe episkoposebi nikolwmidelad iwodebodnen. mogvianebiT saxelwodeba `nikolaoswmida~ Seicvala `nikorwminda~-d, am saydris mRvdelmTavrebs ki `nikorwmindeli~ ewodaT.

nikorwmindis taZris ageba erTiani saqarTvelos pirveli mefis bagrat III-is (978-1014) saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli. eklesiis dasavleTi karis timpanze moTavsebulia warwera: `q. Zeo RTisao adide simrTeliT da dRegrZelobiT Sen mier gvirgvinosani bagrat afxazTa da ranTa mefe da qarTvelTa kurapalati da gazarde Ze maTi giorgi nebasa Sensa meoxebiTa wmidisa mRdelTmoZRvrisa nikolaozisaTa~ (berZniSvili 1979: 21-22).

g. boWoriZis varaudiT, nikorwmindis taZari bagrat III-is mefobis bolo wlebSi unda iyos agebuli. amave azrs iziarebs m. berZeniSvili da dasZens: ̀ radgan zemod moyvanil warweraSi bagrati moxseniebulia afxazTa da ranTa mefed, xolo rogorc wyaroebidan viciT bagratma rani 1010 wels SemoierTa, nikorwmindis taZari 1010-1014 wlebSi unda agebuliyo~ (iqve).

nikorwmindis saepiskoposo didi yma-mamulis mflobeli iyo, rac dasturdeba XI saukuneSi nikorwmindis monastris winamZRvris mier Sedgenili sigeliT. nikorwmindaSi mravali

65

Zvirfasi saeklesio nivTi da xelnaweri inaxeboda. XIX s-is 20-ian wlebSi aq jer kidev iyo qarTuli Weduri xelovnebis brwyinvale nimuSebi da xelnawerebi, romelTa umetesoba dRes muzeumebs aqvT Cabarebuli~ (beraZe 2004: 14). 1902 wels rodesac ambrosi xelaia raWa-leCxumSi mogzaurobda am mxareSi arsebuli siZveleTa monaxulebisa da aRweris mizniT, misTvis erT Rrma moxucebuls uambnia, rom: `raWis mazris ufrosis (tomiT rusis) brZanebiT nikorwmindidan urmiT gauzidniaT xelnawerni da dauwvavT~ (xelaia 2011: 196). vin icis, am xelnawerebSi daculi ramdeni mniSvnelovani cnoba Caiferfla Cveni qveynis istoriisa.

imereTis mefe bagrat III-m nikorwmindis saepiskoposos SeqmniT da mis kaTedraze Tavisi erTguli sasuliero piris dasmiT, raWaSi mdgomareoba ganimtkica. man gelaTSi, xonsa da nikorwmindaSi saepiskoposo kaTedrebis daarsebiT, eklesia gaaZliera da misi saxiT erTguli mokavSire gaiCina.

66

Tavi III

saepiskoposoebis marTva _ gamgeoba

XVI-XVIII saukuneebis dasavleT

saqarTveloSi da episkoposebis ufleba-

valdebulebani

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis mmarTvelobiTi sistema, analogiuri iyo im xanad (XVI-XVIIIss) saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxva saepiskoposo kaTedrebis marTvis sistemebisa. rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSneT, saepiskoposo, sakaTalikosoSi Semaval calke administraciul erTeuls warmoadgenda da misi marTva-gamgeoba sakaTalikosos marTvis msgavsad xdeboda, rac krebiTobas, arCeviTobasa da demokratiulobas emyareboda (kelenjeriZe 1918: 137).

episkoposi berZnuli sityvaa da zedamxedvels niSnavs. episkoposni iyvnen `pativsa mRvdelmTavrobisasa~ da amis gamo maT mRvdlebi da eklesiis yvela msaxurni xelqveiT hyavdaT. amave dros episkoposi iyo sulieri mTavari erisa da SeeZlo rogorc `ganxsnai yovlis krulebisai~, iseve dakrulva (javaxiSvili 1984: 16).

Tavidan episkoposebi colosnebi iyvnen. VI msoflio saeklesio krebam (680-681) akrZala episkoposebis colosnoba da mas Semdeg, am pativis miReba mxolod Savi samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebisTvis, (ber-monazvnebisTvis) gaxda SesaZlebeli.

episkoposi SeiZleboda gamxdariyo sazogadoebis nebismieri socialuri wridan gamosuli da saeklesio ierarqiagavlili Savi samRvdeloebis warmomadgeneli, misi pirovnuli Rirsebebisa da saTanado ganswavlulobis Sesabamisad. episkoposs kaTalikosi adgenda. VIII-X ss-Si qarTul eklesiaSi episkoposis pativis misaRebad sasuliero piris arCevaSi, samRvdeloebasTan erTad eriskacebic iRebdnen monawileobas. arqihieratikonis mixedviT: ̀ mRdelad gina Tu ebiskopozad romeli dadgebodis wamebulca (arCeuli b. g.) ars yovelisa erisagan~ (iqve,

67

19). irkveva, rom saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi qarTvel ers Tavisi ufleba hqonda da monawileobac miuRia. amgvar monawileobas xelT-dasxmadTa arCevanSi `wameba da Tanadgoma~ ewodeboda (javaxiSvili 1984: 19). Tumca es ufleba droTa ganmavlobaSi ers CamoerTva da episkoposebad is sasuliero pirebi iniSnebodnen, romlebic mefeebis sasurveli kandidatebi iyvnen. erTiani saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is (1027-1072) dros, adgili hqonda saepiskoposoebis gayidvasac. am uwesobis wyalobiT upiratesoba im saepiskoposo kandidats eZleoda, romelsac meti qrTamis gaReba SeeZlo saepiskoposo pativis misaRebad. yovelive amas win aRudga aToneli mama giorgi mTawmindeli da mefe bagrat IV-is mxileba daiwyo (javaxiSvili 1984: 27).

momdevno saukuneebSi damkvidrebuli wesis Tanaxmad, episkoposis pativs mxolod feodaluri wridan gamosuli sasuliero pirebi iRebdnen. vaxtang VI-is samarTlis mixedviT mTavarepiskoposi, mitropoliti, episkoposi da arqimandriti, TavadTa wodebasTan aris gaTanabrebuli da maTi sisxlis fasi iseTivea, rogorc Tavadebisa (narkvevebi 1973b: 214).

episkoposi iyo mwyemsmTavari Tavis saepiskoposos sazRvrebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobisa. am mosaxleobaSi Tavadebis, aznaurebisa da glexebis socialuri fenebi erTiandeboda. episkoposs saepiskoposos marTvaSi moxeleebisagan Semdgari kolegia exmareboda (kelenjeriZe 1918: 140), romelic `samRvdelo da saero~ pirebisgan Sedgeboda. eseni iyvnen: qorepiskoposi, dekanozi, moxele - kandelaki, meRvineTuxucesi, mouravi da sxva. TanaSemweebSi pirveli adgili qorepiskoposs ekava. qorepiskoposoba iyo `pativi umetesi mRdelobisai~ da `wmidaTa eklesiaTa... ganmgebel~-ad iTvleboda, gansakuTrebiT soflis eklesiaTa. qorepiskoposs soflebis mRvdel-diakonni eqvemdebarebodnen (javaxiSvili1984: 16). qorepiskoposad, garda episkoposisa, SeiZleboda daniSnuliyo dekanozi, monastris winamZRvari, mRvdeli an diakvani. qorepiskoposis movaleoba iyo

68

`soflis soflamdis da eklesiis eklesiamdis~ siaruli da saqmeebis mowesrigeba (kakabaZe 1913a: 5). am SromisaTvis mas saepiskoposos Semosavlidan eZleoda meaTedi nawili (kelenjeriZe 1918: 140).

saepiskoposos marTvaSi samRvdeloebasTan erTad CarTuli iyvnen saero pirebic, romlebsac gadasaxadebis akrefva, agreTve sameurneo, samSeneblo da sxva saqmianobebis zedamxedveloba evalebodaT.

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis (1004) gadawyvetilebiT, episkoposad xeldasxmuli ber-monazoni unda yofiliyo ara umcires 35 wlisa (q. s. Z. 1970: 115), Tumca es dadgenili wesi yovelTvis zedmiwevniT ar sruldeboda. magaliTad, 1740 wels 20 wlis asakSi quTaTel episkoposad akurTxes Teimuraz bagrationi, SemdgomSi qarTlis kaTalikosi anton I (Jordania 1967: 166).

erTiani saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebad daSlas, qarTlis (saqarTvelos) sakaTalikososgan afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosos gamoyofa mohyva (XV s-is 70-iani ww.), ramac eklesiis dasusteba gamoiwvia. afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikoss dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saepiskoposoebi daeqvemdebarnen. Tumca dasavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebze afxazeTis kaTalikosis gavlena imdenad susti iyo, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi episkoposebs mefe - mTavrebi kaTalikosTan SeuTanxmeblad niSnavdnen TavianTi politikuri interesebidan gamomdinare. aseTi faqtebi mravlad gvxvdeba istoriul dokumentebSi. magaliTad, erT-erT sabuTSi imereTis mefe giorgi II (1565-1583) aRniSnavs, rom genaTel episkoposad abaSiZe dasva (burjanaZe 1958: 17). Tavisi neba-survilisamebr niSnavdnen episkoposebs gaZlierebuli feodalebic. maT Soris iyo XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi moRvawe raWis feodali merab wulukiZe, romelmac nikorwmindel episkoposad Tavisi Zma svimon wulukiZe dasva (TayaiSvili 1963: 42). aRniSnuli faqtebi raTqmaunda saeklesio kanonebTan winaaRmdegobaSi modioda, magram im xanad (XVI-XVIII ss) qveyanaSi arsebuli viTareba (eklesiis dasusteba, politikuri anarqia da sxva.)

69

yvelafers dasaSvebs xdida. mefeebi kaTalikosTan SeuTanxmeblad episkoposebis

gadayenebasac ar eridebodnen. imereTis mefe solomon I-ma (1752-1784), raWis saerisTavos gauqmebis Semdeg (1769), nikorwmindelobidan gadaayena germane wulukiZe da mis nacvlad silibistro RoRoberiZe dasva (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 19). germane wulukiZe erTguli iyo mefe solomonis mowinaaRmdege raWis erisTavis rostom CxeiZisa da es Canacvlebac amiT iyo ganpirobebuli. solomon I-ma pirovnuli uTanxmoebis safuZvelze xonis saepiskoposo kaTedras Camoacila xoneli anton CijavaZec. es ukanaskneli, solomonis gardacvalebis (1784) Semdeg dabrunda xonSi. erTmaneTSi uTanxmoeba hqondaT imereTis ukanasknel mefe solomon II-s (1790-1810) da gelaTis ukanasknel episkoposs efTvime ServaSiZesac. garkveuli periodi solomon II-m efTvime, genaTlobidan gadaayena, magram maleve ukan daabruna.

iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac episkoposebis pozicias gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda sxvadasxva Zalebs Soris samefo taxtis dasakaveblad gamarTul brZolaSi. maRali samRvdeloebis, kerZod afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos svimon CxetiZisa (1660-1666) da genaTeli episkoposis - gedeon lorTqifaniZis (1662-1682) aqtiurobis Sedegad, 1663 wels imereTis samefo taxtze dabrunebul iqna mefe aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660) vaJi bagrat IV, romelsac 1660 wels dedinacvalma dedofalma nestan-darejanma, Tvalebi daTxara da mefobidan gadaayena (Jordania 1897: 477).

XVI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi im xanad eklesiaSi arsebuli uwesobebis alagmvis mizniT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565) iniciativiT, saeklesio kreba gaimarTa. am krebis dadgenilebis mixedviT, romelic `samarTali kaTalikozisas~ saxeliT aris cnobili, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, dasavleT saqarTveloSi moRvawe episkoposebis ufleba-valdebulebebic ganisazRvra. episkoposs aekrZala 20 dReze meti xniT saepiskoposos

70

datovebis ufleba, Tuki raime sapatio mizezi ar iyo (kakabaZe 1913a: 4).

episkoposs Tavisi samwysos sulier cxovrebaze zrunvis garda, saepiskoposos SigniT aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebis warmoeba, saeklesio yma-mamulis gazrda da mwarmoebeli klasisaTvis sameurneo pirobebis Seqmna evaleboda.

episkoposs ekrZaleboda uRirsi mRvdlis an diakvnis kurTxeva. agreTve ar unda ekurTxebina iseTi piri mRvdlad an diakvnad, romelsac moZRvari ar hyavda da ar SeeZlo daviTnis kiTxva. episkoposs ar unda Seendo sxva episkoposisagan Seundobeli mRvdlis an diakvnisaTvis. CamoTvlili wesebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, episkoposi saeklesio krebisagan SeCvenebuli iqneboda (iqve, 4-6).

episkoposi, romelic `saRmrTosa da sasjulosa saqmezeda~ rames daaSavebda da amis gamo kaTalikosi danaSaulis gamosworebas miuTiTebda, is ki kaTalikosis miTiTebas ar Seasrulebda, mas mefe `wirvisagan gankveTda~ da Tavis saepiskoposos Camoacilebda (iqve). mefisagan isjeboda yvela is piric, Tavadi, aznauri Tu gelexi, vinc episkoposs usamarTlod win aRudgeboda da ar daemorCileboda. isjeboda kaTalikozisa da episkoposis maginebelnic (iqve, 5-6).

episkoposebs saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi evalebodaT TavianT samwysoSi moexdinaT smxedro mobilizacia. saepiskoposoebidan gamoyvanili jari Tavad-aznaurebisagan Sedgeboda. raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebSi moRvawe episkoposebi, kerZod genaTlebi, cixe-simagreebis mflobelnic iyvnen. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca genaTelebis cixeebi imereTis mefis mowinaaRmdege mTavrebis dartymis obieqti xdeboda. XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis axlos, samegrelos mTavarma levan II dadianma (1612-1657), imereTis samefoze morigi Tavdasxmis dros, alya Semoartya genaTeli zaqaria qvarianis cixes da erTkviriani saartilerio brZolis Sedegad miwasTan gaaswora misi zRudeebi (narkvevebi 1973b: 339). zogjer genaTeli episkoposebis cixe-simagreebSi, mefis mowinaaRmdege banakis

71

wevrebi poulobdnen TavSesafars. aseTi gaxldaT okribaSi mdgari jvaris cixe, romelsac flobda genaTeli gedeon CxetiZe (1720-1733). gedeoni Tavdapirvelad imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-s (1720 xangamoSvebiT 1752) mowinaaRmdege iyo. amis gamo 1724 wels mefe aleqsandrem samegrelos mTavar beJan dadianTan erTad, ieriSi miitana gedeon genaTelis cixeze. SeSinebuli mecixovneebi danebdnen da cixe mefes gadasces (batoniSvili vaxuSti1973: 883).1

episkoposebs TavianT samwysoSi ramdenime rezidencia hqondaT. genaTeli episkoposebis ZiriTadi rezidencia iyo quTaisSi mwvaneyvavilaze, romelic aaSena genaTelma zaqaria qvarianma 1637-1639 wlebSi (metreveli 2010: 139). genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZes sazafxulo rezidencia hqonda sofel CxarSic.

afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos malaqia guriels, romelic amav droulad caiSlobas, jumaTlobas da xonelobas iTavsebda, 18 rezidenciidan erT-erTi xonis samwysoSi, kerZod sofel maTxojSi hqonda (q. s. Z. 1970: 503). ukanaskneli xoneli episkoposi anton CijavaZe SedarebiT mokrZalebulad cxovrobda. misi sacxovrisi xonis eklesiis maxloblad idga.

nikorwmindis taZris siaxloves hqondaT TavianTi ZiriTadi rezidencia nikorwmindel episkoposebsac. germaneli mogzauris giuldenStedtis cnobiT, nikorwmindeli episkoposis sacxovrebeli xisgan iyo aSenebuli, magram is, udidesi da yvelaze wesierad agebuli Senoba yofila imereTSi (giuldenStedti 1962: 131).

episkoposebi, rogorc momrigebelni da Suamavalni monawileobas iRebdnen sasamarTlo davebSic. xSirad maT Tavadac uxdebodaT brZola samarTlis ZaliT TavianTi samwyso miwebis dasacavad. 1785 wlis axlo xanebSi, efTvime genaTeli gelaTis kuTvnil miwas kaTalikos maqsimes, moZRvar qristefores, saxlTuxuces zurab wereTels da mdivanbeg daviTs edaveboda (Jordania 1967: 392). genaTel efTvimes gelaTis miwebisTvis sasamarTlo dava hqonda ivane

1 ix. genaTeli episkoposebi...

72

da qaixosro agiaSvilebTanac. am sasamarTlo davaSi mefe solomon II-c iRebda monawileobas (q.s.Z. 1974: 282 – 284).

unda aRiniSnos, rom gelaTis saepiskoposo, gansxvavebiT sxva saepiskoposoebisagan, Tavisi ymebis gasamarTlebis uflebiT iyo aRWurvili. savaraudod, gelaTis monasterma sasamarTlo Seuvaloba pirvelad XII saukuneSi mefe daviT IV-isagan miiRo da XVIII saukunis dasasrulamde SeinarCuna. gelaTis sasamarTlos msajulebs gelaTeli berebi warmoadgendnen. aq yvela saxis danaSaulebrivi saqme irCeoda, maT Soris: mkvlelobis, qurdobis, zneobriv- sarwmunoebrivi danaSaulobani da sxva (lominaZe 1955: 66).

gelaTis monastris samreklos Sua sarTulSi moTavsebulia oTaxi, romelic savaraudod sapatimro iyo (gogsaZe 1948: 63). rogorc Cans, am oTaxSi hyavda dapatimrebuli imereTis mefes bagrat III-s, samegrelos mTavari levan I dadiani, romelmac 1545 wels, mefe bagrat III-s osmalebis winaaRmdeg soxoistas velze gamarTul brZolaSi daxmareba ar gauwia. bagratma levanis dasja ganizraxa: `moiwvia dadiani leon Walasa xonisasa, da Ralatad Seipyra igi bagrat mpyrobelman imereTisaman da patimar hyo... gelaTs samreklosa Sina (yauxCiSvili 1959: 501). levan dadianma gelaTis samreklos sapatimrodan gaqceva xofilandre CxeiZis daxmarebiT SeZlo (iqve).

episkoposebs ufleba hqondaT, samarTlis ZaliT ukan daebrunebinaT saeklesio ymebi, romlebic TviTneburad miatovebdnen TavianT alags. XIX saukunis dasawyisSi, mwiri mosavlianobis gamo, xonis saepiskoposoSi glexebis mxridan adgili hqonda TavianTi alagebis TviTneburad datovebas da sxva eparqiebSi gadasvlas. xonelma episkoposma anton CijavaZem, daxmarebisTvis imereTis mefe solomon II-s mimarTa, romelmac aiZula xonis samwysos glexebi TavianT adgilebs dabrunebodnen.1

episkoposebs moRvaweoba uwevdaT diplomatiur sarbielzec. 1766 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma

1 ix. xoneli episkoposebi...

73

stambulSi, osmaleTis imperiasa da imereTis samefos Soris sazavo molaparakebis gasamarTad, Tavisi Zma genaTeli episkoposi iosebi gagzavna.1 sxvadasxva dros politikur procesebSi aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli genaTeli episkoposebi: zaqaria qvariani da efTvime ServaSiZe, quTaTelebi maqsime abaSiZe da dosiTeos wereTeli, nikorwmindeli sofronios wulukiZe da sxvani.

episkoposebi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobiTac iyvnen dakavebuli. rodesac gelaTis akademiam arseboba Sewyvita, saganmanaTleblo funqcia gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedram SeiTavsa. am mxriv didi iyo genaTeli episkoposebis Rvawli.

samrevlo skola arsebobda xonis wm. giorgis eklesiis maxlobladac, romelic gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda xoneli episkoposis anton CijavaZis (1771- 1820) moRvaweobis dros. am skolaSi araerTma mwignobarma miiRo ganaTleba.

cnobili iyo nikorwmindis taZris maxloblad arsebuli saswavlebelic. am saswavleblis ganviTarebaze zrunavda nikorwmindeli episkoposi sofronios wulukiZe. mis saxels ukavSirdeba nikorwmindis samwysoSi Semaval sofel wesSi stambis daarsebac (kezevaZe 2000: 2).


74

Tavi IV

raWa - imereTis saepiskoposoebis

socialur - ekonomikuri mdgomareoba

(gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda)

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) marTvis sameurneo meqanizmi, msgavsi iyo im xanis feodaluri senioriebis sameurneo warmoebisa. zogadad saepiskoposos miwaTmflobeloba axlos idga XVI-XVIII saukuneebis saTavado mflobelobasTan, magram amave dros saepiskopos, rogorc saeklesio administraciul erTeuls, miwaTmflobelobis Taviseburi formebic axasiaTebda (lominaZe 1955: 60). saeklesio miwaTmflobeloba ZiriTadad Sewiruli qonebisagan Sedgeboda. Sewiruli qonebis gverdiT arsebobda nasyidi qonebac, magram nasyidis xvedriTi wona, XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi metad mcire iyo (narkvevebi 1973b: 214).

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis meurneobaSi wamyvani adgili miwaTmoqmedebas eWira. aq mohyavdaT Romi, puri, qeri da sxva marcvleulis saxeobebi. ganviTarebuli iyo mevenaxeoba da mefutkreoba. cnobilia, rom gelaTis monasters hqonda Rvinis didi Semosavali. meRvineobis saqmis momwesrigeblad dadgenili iyo sagangebo moxele meRvineTuxucesis saxiT (lominaZe 1955: 64). meRvineoba gelaTSi saepiskoposos daarsebis (1529) Semdegac wamyvan dargad rCeboda, xolo meRvineTuxucesi, gelaTis saepiskoposos mmarTveli organos sapatio wevri iyo, rasac adasturebs 1790 wlis sabuTSi ̀ sagenaTlos krebul samRvdelo da saero~ pirTa Soris, meRvineTuxucesisa da meRvines moxsenieba (x.e.c. fondi HD - 1621). xonis saepiskoposoSi ganviTarebuli iyo meabreSumeobac. erT-erTi sabuTis mixedviT, xonis samwysoSi Semavali sofel maTxojis mcovreblebs, sxva saxis gadasaxadebTan erTad, ekisrebodaT `sayaWobo~ gadasaxadis gadaxdac (failoZe 2003: 155). abreSumis Wias dasavleT saqarTveloSi yaWs

75

uwodebdnen. sityva ̀ sayaWobo,~ meabreSumeobasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. `sayaWobo~ gadasaxadi gvxvdeba 1578 wels Sedgenil quTaisis saydris gamosavlis davTarSic (q. s. Z. 1970: III 298).

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebs Soris ekonomikuri siZlieriT, gelaTis saepiskoposo gamoirCeoda. gelaTis monastris daqvemdebarebaSi iyo moqceuli mravali sofeli, aseulobiT komli glexi, venaxebi, zvrebi, tyeebi, wisqvilebi, savaWro duqnebi da sxva (metreveli 2006: 44). gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedris daarsebis Semdeg (1529 w.), gelaTis monastris uZrav-moZravi qoneba genaTeli episkoposis samwysoSi gaerTianda. genaTeli episkoposebi `sxuaTa episkoposTagan umetesni iyvnen~ da didi avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen imereTis samefo karze. maT sxva Semosavlebis garda, dadgenili wesis mixedviT `asi TeTri mierTmeodaT samaradisod~ (kakabaZe 1921a: 10-11).

genaTelebi imereTis samefoSi mdidari da gavleniani sasuliero pirebi rom iyvnen, es ucxoeli mogzaurebis cnobebiTac dasturdeba. frangi iuveliri da mogzauri Jan Sardeni, romelic saqarTveloSi 1672-73 wlebSi imyofeboda, genaTeli episkoposis Sesaxeb saubris dros aRniSnavs, rom: `igi (saubaria genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZeze b. g.) imereTSi mdidari da metad RirSesaniSnavi pirovnebaa~ (Sardeni 1975: 243).

XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi imereTis samefosa da mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi politikuri anarqia ar cxreboda. gauTavebelma SinaaSlilobebma da Zarcva-rbevebma, qveyana ekonomikurad dasca da ganadgurebis piras miiyvana. yovelive amas osmaluri agresia emateboda. 1672 wels imereTis samefoSi axalcixis faSa SemoiWra. uTanasworo brZolaSi imereTis laSqari damarcxda da usinaTlo mefe bagrat IV (1660- xangamoSvebiT-1681) tyved Cavarda. osmalebma imereTis rbeva daiwyes. Sardenis cnobiT (Sardeni im xanad imereTSi imyofeboda), genaTelma episkoposma (saubaria gedeon lorTqifaniZeze b. g.) faSas TxuTmeti aTasi ekiu gadauxada, raTa Tavisufleba moepovebina da misi

76

miwebic xeluxleblad SeenarCunebina (Sardeni 1975: 247). faSam qrTami aiRo da genaTelis samwyso aRar daarbia. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT osmalTagan datyvevebuli mefe bagrati, Seevedra axalcixis faSa - aslans, rom misTvis mefoba SeenarCunebina da sanacvlod qrTamis micema aRuTqva. Tumca imxanad samefo xazina dacarielebuli iyo, amitom bagratma faSas qrTamis nacvlad `windad~ misca Tavisi Ze - aleqsandre (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 841). am ori cnobidan irkveva, rom im umZimes viTarebaSic ki, romelic imereTis samefoSi sufevda, gelaTis saepiskoposo ekonomikur siZlieres inarCunebda da genaTeli episkoposis finansuri mdgomareoba, gacilebiT ukeTesi iyo vidre imereTis mefisa. maSin, rodesac samefo xazina dacarielebulia da mefe bagrat IV tyveobidan Tavdasaxsnelad axalcixis faSas qrTamis nacvlad mZevlad Tavis vaJs aZlevs, genaTel episkoposs SeuZlia TxuTmeti aTasi ekius gadaxda piradi Tavisuflebisa da misi miwebis xelSeuxeblobis pirobiT. Sardenis cnobiT, im xanad dasavleT saqarTveloSi tyvis msyidvelebi ocdaxuTidan ormoc wlamde mamakacebs 15 ekiud yiddnen. ormocze meti xnisas 8-dan 10 ekiumde. qalwulebs cametidan Tvramet wlamde 20 ekiud, xolo bavSvebs 3 an 4 ekiud (Sardeni 1975: 212). im fonze, rodesac datyvevebuli adamianis fasi 15-20 ekius ar aRemateboda, TxuTmeti aTasi ekiu sakmaod soliduri Tanxa, genaTeli episkoposi gedeon lorTqifaniZe ki mTels imereTSi yvelaze mdidari adamiani iqneboda.

simdidriT gamoirCeoda afxazeTis kaTalikosi malaqia gurielic (1616- 1639), romelsac paralelurad caiSloba, jumaTloba da xoneloba hqonda SeTavsebuli. igi ocdaoTxi sakaTalikoso msxvili mamulis mflobeli iyo, aqedan TvrametSi sameurneo-sagamgeo centri hqonda ganTavsebuli (metreveli 2010: 136). malaqia gurielis, rogorc gavleniani mRvdelmTavris Sesaxeb, qarTuli wyaroebis garda cnobebs gvawvdian kaTolike misionerebic (arqanjelo lamberti, qristoforo kasteli da sxv.), romlebic XVII saukunis Sua xanebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi moRvaweobdnen.

77

finansurad Zlieri iyo genaTeli episkoposi zaqaria qvarianic (1637-1660). man 1637-39 wlebSi quTaisSi mwvaneyvavilaze aaSena mTavarangelozis eklesia, cixe-simagre da saxl-kari (metreveli 2010: 139). zaqaria qvariani aRmSeneblobiT samuSaoebs awarmoebda mTeli gelaTis saepiskoposos maStabiT. JamTa viTarebisagan gapartaxebul soflebSi asaxlebda glexebs da cdilobda meurneobis aRorZinebas.

CijavaZeTa feodaluri saxlis memkvidre iyo ukanaskneli xoneli mTavarepiskoposi anton CijavaZe (1771-1820). mis sakuTrebaSi Sedioda saCinosa da vanis sanaxebSi arsebuli aTobiT sofeli 1000-mde komliT da aznauris 12 sagvareuloTi (failoZe 1997: 173). Tumca mZime ekonomikuri krizisis dros antons TaTris vali dasdebia da iZulebuli gamxdara mamuli gaeyida (vaWriZep. 1977: 17).

finansur siduxWires ar uCiodnen nikorwmindeli episkoposebic. maT mflobelobaSi mravali sofeli da yma-mamuli iyo. germaneli mogzauris giuldenStedtis cnobiT, nikorwmindeli episkoposebis rezidencia udidesi da yvelaze wesierad agebuli Senoba iyo mTel imereTSi (giuldenStedti 1962: 131). nikorwmindelTagan finansuri SesaZleblobebiT gamoirCeodnen wulukiZeTa feodaluri saxlis warmomadgenlebi, germane da sofronios wulukiZeebi. am ukansaknels didi wvlili miuZRvis nikorwmindis saepiskoposoSi ganxorcielebuli aRmSeneblobis procesSi.

saepiskoposos sazRvrebSi mcxovrebi yvela socialuri fenis warmomadgeneli Tavadi, aznauri Tu glexi, am saepiskoposos samwysos wevrad iTvleboda da valdebuli iyo gadaexada samwyso gadasaxadi. TiToeul saepiskoposo kaTedras Tavisi aznaurebi da glexebi hyavda, romlebsac eklesiis mxridan garkveuli valdebulebebi ekisreboda.

saeklesio aznaurebis valdebuleba ZiriTadad stumris miReba-gamaspinZlebiT, laSqrobebSi monawileobiTa da sxva sapatio samsaxuriT Semoifargleboda. sacaiSlos gamosavlis davTarSi aRniSnulia, rom: `aTman aznauriSvilman zroxiani kargi saWmeli Tavis TaviT gvaWamos, ra rigadca Tavi esaxelebodes~ (saistorio krebuli 1928: 10). analogiuri

78

valdebuleba aqvT dakisrebuli quTaisis samwysos aznaurebs 1578 wels Sedgenili quTaisis saydris davTris mixedviT: `7 komls aznaurT marTebT TiTos puris Wama, laSqroba da TiTo TeTris yavris mitana quTaiss~ ((saistorio krebuli 1928: 13). aRniSnuli valdebulebebi gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saydris aznaurebzec vrceldeboda.

gacilebiT ufro meti valdebulebebi ekisreboda saeklesio glexebs. glexi, romelic eklesiis miwaze ijda, Tavisi Semosavlis nawili, eklesiisaTvis unda gaeRo. saeklesio glexebis mdgomareoba samefo da sabatono glexebis fonze, SedarebiT msubuqi iyo, radgan saeklesio glexebi ganTavisuflebuli iyvnen saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan.

saeklesio glexebi, iseve rogorc samefo da sabatono glexebi, ramdenime jgufad iyofodnen. maT Soris iyvnen azatebi da mebegreebi. mebegreebi Tavis mxriv iyofodnen msaxurebad da moinaleebad. azatebi mebegreebze privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi iyvnen. zogierT maTgans Tavisi glexic ki hyavda (iqve, 10). azatebs evalebodaT stumris gamaspinZleba, cxeniT samsaxuri, mcire raodenobis naturaluri gadasaxadi da sxva. ZiriTadi valdebulebebi da gadasaxadebi mebegre glexebs ekisrebodaT. TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi naxsenebia `mexadile glexebic~ (iveria 1891: nom. 213). xadils imereTSi saxeldaxelod momzadebul sadils uwodebdnen. es termini dRemde SemorCenilia. iyvnen meaRape glexebic, romlebsac yovelwliurad mxolod eklesiisaTvis Semomwirvelis sulis mosaxseniebeli aRapi unda exadaT. aRapis begaraSi Sedioda sanTeli, puri, Rvino, xorci, Tevzi, yveli da sxva saWmeli. marxvis periodSi samarxvo sakvebi.

xonis saydris davTars axlavs erT-erTi minaweri, sadac aRniSnulia: ̀ q. Cven batonma jvris mamam da misma moZRvarma zebedem davsxediT da giorgi CxeiZis Sewiruli glexis saaRapo saqme gavarigeT, begrisagan gavarigeT; unda moitanos daTviam Cxikelem misis begrisagan: erTi cxvari, xuTi kodi Romi, oTxi koka Rvino, erTi Sauris sanTeli da erTi Sauris sakmeveli giorgobisTvis aRebis SabaTs, dekanozs

79

da mTavars Jams awirvinebdes. glaxebsa da im mRdelsa da mTavars gaumaspinZldebodes da Sendobas aTqmevinebdes, mRdels ors Saursa da cxvris tyavs miscemdes, mTavars erTs Saurs~ (q. s. Z. 1970: 370).

nikorwmindis sabuTebSi arsebul erT-erT Sewirulebis wignSi, monazoni ioseb wulukiZe Tavisi mamis giorgi wulukiZis sulis mosaxseneblad, xaxuasa da daTua jmuxaZeebis ojaxs aRapis gadaxdas akisrebs: `...davdeviT aRapi xaxuas jmuxaZes, daTuas, mis Zmas, maTTa SvilTa da momavalTa, samisdReSiod mouSlelad yovels xorcielis SabaTs, sulTaobas (?) unda moitanos erTi kai cxuari, sami kasri Rvino, ori sveruli damcxuari puri, naxevari Careqi samTeli (sanTeli), samTeli xats miarTuan, kandelakman Jami unda uwiros giorgi wulukiZes Sesandobelad da Cuenda sadRegrZelod da sulis saoxad...~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 1531).

am cnobebis mixedviT, zogadi warmodgena gveqmneba, daaxloebiT ra saxis iyo aRapis begara. meaRape glexebs sagangebod mfarvelobdnen Semomwirvelebi, raTa isini ar Seviwroebuliyvnen da amas SemomwirvelTa sulis samsaxuris mospoba ar gamoewvia (lominaZe 1955: 74). meaRape glexebis ricxvi mebegreebisagan gansxvavebiT mcire iyo. maTi umravlesoba Sewirulebi iyvnen. saeklesio dokumentebSi gvxvedeba mRvdelmTavrebis mier mebegre glexis meaRaped gadaqcevis faqtebi. es rasakvirvelia mebegre glexisaTvis did privilegiad iTvleboda, radgan meaRape glexis mdgomareoba mebegre glexisagan gansxvavebiT, gacilebiT msubuqi iyo. aseT privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda glexi xoJono keTilaZe misi STamomavlobiT, romelsac xonelma mTavarepiskoposma basili CxeiZem (daaxloebiT 1580-1600) begara aRukveTa da mTavarepiskoposis sulis saoxad aRapis gadaxda daakisra: `...me mTavarepiskoposs CxeiZes basils ammkveTia begara xoJono keTilaZisaTvis da miss Svilisa da momavlisaTvis da awe begris magier da damic da dReTa CemTa sadRegrZelod mermed sulisa Cemisa saoxad da aRapi mcxriT gardaixados sulisa CemisaTvis yovels Sobis

80

meore dRes dekanozs Jams awirvinebdes. sasebiskvreT im dRes miabarebdes aTs kods (kodi daaxloebiT 32 kilogrami) purs...~ (kakabaZe 1913b: 19).

politikuri da ekonomikuri krizisis dros, iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac samefo xelisufleba saeklesio glexebsac akisrebda saxelmwifo gadasaxadebs. saeklesio glexebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ixdidnen sauris (`sauri~ Turquli sityvaa da niSnavs samsaxurs, xarks) gadasaxadsac. imereTis mefe solomon I erT-erT sabuTSi bodiSs uxdis samtrediaSi mcxovreb gelaTis RvTismSoblis eklesiis glexebs, rom maT imereTis samefoSi finansuri krizisis gamo, damatebiTi gadasaxadebi daakisra da pirobas debs, rom amieridan arc TviTon da arc misi Semdgomi mefeebi am glexebs: geleiSvilebs, vaxaniasa da reviSvil giorgis, sauris gadasaxads aRar gadaaxdevinebdnen (x.e.c. H D - 10143. berZeniSvili 1953: 278).

1755 wels solomon I-ma gelaTis saydris glexebi mTlianad gaanTavisufla saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan (kakabZe 1921b: 6). manve piroba misca xonis saydris glexebs, rom sauris gadasaxads, TiTo marCilis mets ar gadaaxdevinebda: `mefe solomon gibrZaneb sul erTobiT xonelebo, RmerTi momicemia TqvenTvis TavdebaT. Tu didi TaTris Zali da gardasaxadi ar momdges, wreuls iqiT CemTvis sauri TiTo marCilis meti ar gadagaxdevioT~ (iqve, 36). 1764 wels Sedgenili sabuTis mixedviT xonis eklesiis glexebi mefe solomon I-ma saudiero gadasaxadebisagan gaaTavisufla: `amogvikveTia saudiero saZalod saTxovari xonis wmindis giorgis ymaTaTvis, rom Cvengan ara eTxoebodes ra...~ (s. c. s. a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2170. kakabaZe 1913g: 11). 1778 wels mansauris gadasaxadisagan gaaTavisufla nikorwmindis saydris ymebic: `...ese wyalobis wigni dagiwereT da giboZeT Cven mefeT mefeman solomon... Tqven nikolozis eklesiis ymas erTobiT Zmuelebs da wynorelebs, ase rome dagveajeniT da SemogvexveweT, amogiwereT sauri, arasodes Cvengan da SemdgomTa CvenTa mefeTagan Tqven sauri ar geTxovebodesT amisa nacvlad Tqveni Cemi wirva daideviT,

81

manam cocxali viyvneT, Cvenis mefobis warsamarTebelad da ZeTa da asulTa CvenTa sandRegrZelod...~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 67).

iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac saepiskoposo saydris glexebs zogierTi kaTalikosi TviTneburad udgenda damatebiTi saxis gadasaxadebs. magaliTad, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos besarions (1742-1769), garkveuli periodi mefe solomon I-is SeWirvebuli mdgomareobiT usargeblia da xonis eklesiis glexebisaTvis xorcze, marilze, Tevzsa da matylze damatebiTi gadasaxadebi (baJi) dauwesebia. amis gamo glexebma dedofal mariams (solomon I-is meuRle) SesCivles. dedofalma xonis eklesiis glexebis saCivari daakmayofila da maT damatebiTi gadasaxadebi mouxsna. es faqti dedofal mariamis mier xonis eklesiis glexebisadmi micemuli pirobis wignSia aRniSnuli: „...am (xonis b. g.) eklesiis ymas, marilis, xorcis, Tevzis da matylis baJi ar eTxovebodes, verc Cvenma magierman kacman da verc vinc iyos mTavarepiskobozman, verc aravin sxvama ver gTxovosye...“ (iqve 39).

politikuri anarqiisa da Sina aSlilobebis dros, rac XVI-XVIII ss-Si dasavleT saqarTvelos mudam Tan sdevda, eriskacebis mxridan adgili hqonda saeklesio yma-mamulis miTvisebis faqtebsac. erT-erTi aseTi SemTxveva iyo nikorwmindis saepiskopososaTvis imereTis mefis bagrat III-is mier XVI s-Si Sewiruli soflis rcxilaTis eriskacTagan miTviseba. XVIII s-is meore naxevarSi mefe solomon I-ma aRniSnuli sofeli kvlav nikorwmindis saydars daubruna: `...mefeT mefeman patronman solomon da Tanamecxedreman Cemman dedufalT dedufalman dadianis asulman batonman mariam... vigulismodgineT da vinebeT, ase rome rcxilaTi sofeli pirvel CvenTa mama papaTagan TqvenTvis (nikorwmindis saydrisaTvis b. g.) SemoewiraT. merme JamTa viTarebisagan da soflis SfoTTa mimqcevisagan is CvenTa ZvelTagan Semowiruli sofeli saeriskacod gamxdariyo. mermeT rodesac SewevniTa SeniTa... kvalad gangiaxleT gujari ese da Tqvendave Semogviwiravs,

82

rogorc pirvel Sewirul yofila, ise misis samarTlianis zRvriTa da samarTliT...~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2164. kakabaZe: 1921b: 50). mefe solomonma 1782 wels xonis saydars daubruna `eriskacTagan samkvidrebelad Tvisad gansakuTrebuli~ glexebic (x.e.c. H D - 8452).

feodalTagan eklesiis yma-mamulis misakuTrebis faqtebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, mravlad iyo XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi. mRvdelmTavrebi saeklesio qonebisa da Tavisi samwysos ymebis dacvas cdilobdnen. xoneli mTavarepiskoposis ioseb maCabelis (XVIII s-is 50-iani ww.-1763) SuamdgomlobiT, xonis wm. giorgis eklesias kacia wulukiZem WanturiSvilebis ojaxi daubruna (kakabaZe 1921b: 12-13). 1816 wels genaTelma efTvime SarvaSiZem RvankiTs mcxovrebi berika arabiZis ojaxi yifianisagan daixsna da gelaTis saydars daubruna (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme 6833).1 msgavsi SemTxvevebi mravlad gvxvdeba im drois saeklesio sabuTebSi.

TiToeuli saepiskoposos mwyemsmTavari did mniSvnelobas aniWebda Tavisi samwysos glexebze zrunvas, radgan glexebi iyvnen `moqmedni ama qveynisani~ da saepiskoposos ekonomikuri siZlierec, ZiriTadad, maTi Sromis nayofierebaze aisaxeboda. saeklesio glexi, rogorc aRvniSneT, valdebuli iyo Tavisi Semosavlis nawili eklesiisTvis mieca. glexi begaras ZiriTadad naturiT ixdida, Tumca arsebobda fuladi gadasaxadebic. gadasaxadebSi Sedioda: saklavi (unda igulisxmebodes Zroxa an xari. xonis saydris davTarSi saklavi calke aRiniSneba da Rori calke. sacaiSlos davTarSi ki Zroxa calkea aRniSnuli da saklavi - calke, am SemTxvevaSi saklavis saxiT Rori unda igulisxmebodes), Rori, qaTami, Tevzi, kvercxi, Rvino, puri, qeri, Romi, sanTeli da sxva. rogorc aRvniSneT iyo fuladi gadasaxadic.

saeklesio glexze dakisrebuli gadasaxadis odenoba, misi mTliani Semosavlidan gamomdinareobda. mniSvneloba eniWeboda, Tu ramdenad nayofier miwas amuSavebda glexi. xSirad mRvdelmTavrebi glexebs gadasaxadebze SeRavaTebs


83

aZlevdnen da mxolod Rvinis an Romis begaras akisrebdnen. magaliTad, 1782 wels xonelma mTavarepiskoposma ioanem, maTxojel glexebs maTive Txovnis safuZvelze SeRavaTebi misca da yovel mesame weliwads, mxolod TiTo kexi Romis gadaxda daudgina: `...mobrZandiT Cvens qveyanas dasamwyselad (saubaria xonel mTavarepiskopos ioaneze b. g.) da sasjuloT da romelic Tqvenis eklesiis maxlobels soflebs sawulukiZos, naxaxulevers da kontoeTs emarTa Camomwyisa, ise im gvaraT Camomwysas SemogexveweT erTobi Temi da wyalobis TvaliT mogvxedeT da SegvixvewieT da ragvaraTac im soflebs emarTa, ise TiTo kexi Romi dagvadevi mesames weliwads~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2259. kakabaZe 1921b: 77), aRniSnulia xoneli mTavarepiskoposi ioanesadmi maTxojeli glexebis mier micemul pirobis wignSi.

iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac eklesiis ymas vali edeboda da mis dasafarad eklesia exmareboda, sanacvlod ki ymas garkveuli saxis valdebulebas akisrebda. 1791 wels sofel simoneTSi mcxovreb gelaTis saydris ymas aznaurisSvils basila kldiaSvils, vali dasdebia da daxmarebisaTvis efTvime genaTelisTvis miumarTavs: `romelica vali dasdeboda Cven gardavixadeT...~ _ aRniSnavs efTvime genaTeli 1791 wlis dokumentSi. - `da amisda nacvlad TviTan Tavs nebiTac ineba da Cvenc ganuweseT da davsdeviT: yovels weliwads... batonisSvilis kaTalikozis iosebis micvalebis dRes camets maiss xuTis rubis cxvars gelaTs miiyvandes da gelaTis dekanozs migvrides da gelaTis dekanozi TviTan im dRes... batonisSvilis kaTalikozis iosebisaTvis swirvides da panaSvids garduxdides....da kide isiv kldiaSvili... puris mosavlis drozed ors kod purs gelaTs sasebiskvereT miitandes da genaTels mierTmeodes...~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3222).

glexebs, romelTa Semosavali saarsebo minimums ar aRemateboda, eklesia gadasaxadebs ar akisrebda. magaliTad, sofel muxayruaSi mcxovrebi gelaTis samwysos 17 komli glexi siRaribis gamo 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganTavisuflebuli iyo gadasaxadebisagan (saistorio

84

krebuli 1928: 94). aseT SemTxvevebs adgili hqonda xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebSic.

saeklesio glexi ixdida samwyso (saepiskoposo), samaWrobo (Semodgomis gadasaxadi), sayveliero (gadasaxadi didi marxvis dasawyisSi), sapurobo (samaspinZlo), sabatkobo (gadasaxadi aRdgomis Semdeg ix. a. failoZe 2003: 160. batki sulxan - sabas ganmartebiT Cvil Tikans niSnavs), sayaWobo da sxva saxis gadasaxadebs. aRniSnuli gadasaxadebis gadaxda ZiriTadad naturiT xdeboda. `xonis saydris davTarSi~ (xonis saydris davTari savaraudod XVI saukunis bolos aris Sedgenili) daculi cnobebis mixedviT, erTi komli glexis gadasaxadi daaxloebiT amgvari saxis iyo: `marTebs giorga xurciZes 1 saklavi, 1 qaTami, 1 TeTris yveli, sapurobo 1 qaTami, 3 kodi Romi, 2 koka Rvino, 2 TeTri, 3 TeTris sabatkobo, 1 qaTami, 3 kodi Romi, 2 koka Rvino (koka daaxloebiT 8 - 10 litri, zogierT SemTxvevaSi 16 - 20 litri), 2 TeTris samaWrobo, 4 qaTami, 3 kodi Romi, 2 koka Rvino, 2 TeTri, 1 TeTris sayveliero, erTi uremi Romi, 10 kodi cexvili, 24 koka mrTeli Rvino, 1 uremi Tiva samejinibo an uriSi da an fetvi, 1 uremi SeSa da muSaoba~ (kakabaZe 1913b: 6. q. s. Z. 1970: 359). erTi komlis gadasaxadi jamSi Seadgenda 1 saklavs, 7 qaTams, 10 TeTrs, erTi TeTris yvels, 6 kodsa da erT urem Roms, 10 kod cexvils, 30 koka Rvinos, 1 urem Tivasa da 1 urem SeSas. Znelia zustad ganvsazRvroT, Tu drois ra intervaliT ixdida glexi aRniSnul gadasaxadebs. arsebuli sabuTebis mixedviT, xonis saydris glexs, eklesiisTvis saklavi, yovel mesame wels unda gaeRo. rac Seexeba sxva gadasaxadebis CamonaTvals, savaraudod, maTi gadaxda glexs wlis ganmavlobaSi uwevda. s. kakabaZis mier gamoqveynebuli `xonis saydris davTarSi~ arsebuli nusxis mixedviT, 61 glexis komlis saeklesio gamosaRebma, jamSi Seadgina 248 TeTri, 58 saklavi (Zroxas an xars), 21 Rori, 241 qaTami, 43 TeTris yveli, 107 TeTris Tevzi, daaxloebiT 234 kodi Romi (Romze, yvelze, kvercxsa da Rvinoze, zusti raodenobis dadgena Wirs, radgan nusxis

85

garkveul nawilSi ar fiqsirdeba aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis odenoba), daaxloebiT 788 koka Rvino, 171 kodi cexvili, 23 uremi Tiva da 19 uremi SeSa.

`afxazeTis sakaTalikozo glexebis didi davTris~ mixedviT ki, romelic daiwera ara ugvianes 1621 wlisa, xonis wminda giorgis eklesiis gamosavlis ̀ jumali,~ (jami) mTlianad Seadgenda 840 koka Rvinos, 501 kod cexvil Roms, 98 saklavs, 273 qaTams, yvelis, kvercxis, Tevzis, agreTve sayvelierosa da sabatkobos ̀ jumals~ 429 TeTrs; 25 urem Roms, 42 urem Tivasa da SeSas, 25 kalaT samejinibos an uriSs an mWads (q. s. Z. 1970: 480).

CamoTvlili gadasaxadebis garda, glexebs ekisrebodaT damatebiTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebac. maT Soris: eklesia-monastris miwis damuSaveba, baR-venaxebisa da pirutyvis movla-patronoba, samonastro mSeneblobebSi monawileobis miReba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi stumris gamaspinZleba da sxva. glexebis garkveuli nawili valdebuli iyo episkoposs Tan xleboda Tavisi samwysos erTi mxaridan meoreSi gadaadgilebis dros. meore nawils mRvdelmTavris gamaspinZleba evaleboda. TiToeuli glexis ojaxs an gvars, gadanawilebuli hqonda movaleobebi. magaliTad, rodesac xoneli mTavarepiskoposi svimon CijavaZe sanavardos mxares ewveoda, korZaiebs da sxva gvaris warmomadgenlebs wesad hqondaT misTvis TiTo zuTxis mirTmeva (kakabaZe 1913b: 17).

imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565) mier 1545 wels gacemul sigels, romelic gelaTis wminda giorgis saydris aRdgenas exeba, darTuli aqvs davTari, sadac gelaTis samwysos glexebis gadasaxadebia aRnusxuli. erTi glexis komlis gadasaxadi amgvari saxisa iyo: `marTebs dolaZes mamukas 20 TeTri, 40 koka Rvino, Romi naoTxali (kodis meoTxedi), samaWrobo saklavi 2, qaTami 4, Rvino koka 6~ (x.e.c. fondi S D - 2896). Cvens xelT arsebuli nusxebis mixedviT XVI s-is 40-50 - iani wlebisaTvis gelaTis saydris 54 glexis komlis gamosavali, daaxloebiT jamSi Seadgenda: 515 TeTrs, 884 koka Rvinos, 3 saklavs, 4 batks

86

(Cvili Tikani), 64 qaTams, 21 kod purs, 16 kod qers, daaxloebiT 136 kod Roms da 20 litr xorbals (x.e.c. fondi S D - 2896, 2897. fondi HD - 11201. Jordania 1897: 336-340. kakabaZe 1914a: 58 - 69).

1570 wlis gelaTis samwysoSi Semaval wyalwiTelas mcxovrebTa sabegro nusxis mixedviT ki 15 komli glexis gamosavali Seadgenda: 27 litr sanTels, 22 gverd Roms, 12 gverd purs, 33 koka Rvinos da 100 TeTris saklavs (kakabaZe 1921a: 28).

1573 wlis imereTis mefis giorgi II-is Sewirulebis wignis CamonaTvalSi gelaTis saydris 14 glexis komlis gamosavali, jamSi Seadgenda: 80 TeTrs, 100 TeTris saklavs, 308 koka Rvinos, 14 qaTams, 13 kod Roms da 4 zvin Tivas (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3324. kakabaZe 1921a: 29).

zemoT moyvanili dokumentebis mixedviT SesaZlebeli xdeba zogadi warmodgena Segveqmnas, daaxloebiT rogori saxis gadasaxadebi iyo XVI saukuneSi xonisa da gelaTis samwysoSi. samwuxarod, wyaroTa simwiris gamo am kuTxiT jer-jerobiT verafers vambobT nikorwmindis samwysoze. savaraudod, nikorwmindis saydris glexebsac, met-naklebi raodenobiT imgvari saxis gadasaxadebi hqondaT dakisrebuli, rogoric gelaTisa da xonis saydris glexebs.

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli SinaaSliloba Tu gare Zalebis agresia, qveynis meurneobas mZime daRs asvamda. tyveTa syidvisa da drodaro gavrcelebuli Jamianobis gamo, katastrofulad mcirdeboda mwarmoebelTa raodenoba. icleboda soflebi, daumuSavebeli rCeboda miwebi, iklebda gadasaxadebis odenoba, rac saboloo jamSi, mZime ekonomikur kriziss qmnida. ekonomikuri krizisi eklesiasac Seexo. xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi inaxeba XVII saukuneSi Sedgenili jimaSTaris, jiqTubanisa da xonis glexTa sabegro nusxis fragmenti, romlis mixedviTac xonis macxovrebelTa gamosaRebebma jamSi Seadgina: oTxmocdaaTi mTeli (koka) Rvino, oTxmocdaaTi TeTri, Svidnaxevari uremi Romi da cxra sasuqi qaTami (x.e.c. HD - 11223). aRniSnuli gamosavali

87

gacilebiT mcirea XVI s-is 80-iani wlebis xonis saydris glexebis gamosavalTan SedarebiT, rac im periodSi (XVII s) arsebuli ekonomikuri krizisis damadasturebelia.

XVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, garkveuli drois manZilze arseboba Sewyvites quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebma. gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra umZimes periodSic ganagrZobda moqmedebas, magram qveynis saerTo ekonomikuri krizisi mis Semosavlebzec aisaxeboda. 1730 wels imereTis mefis aleqsandre V-is mier gelaTis saydrisaTvis micemul Sewirulobis wigns, gelaTis samwysos glexebis gadasaxadebis patara nusxa axlavs. am nusxis mixedviT 13 glexis gamosavalma jamSi Seadgina 6 litri sanTeli, 120 koka Rvino, sammarCil-naxevris sakmeveli, 7 uremi Romi, 2 kodi gacexvili Romi da 22 qaTami (kakabaZe: 1921a: 123). moyvanili cnobebidan Cans, rom XVI s-is 70-ian wlebSi gelaTis saydris glexebis gamosavali, orjer aRemateboda XVIII s-is 30-iani wlebis gelaTis samwysos ymaTa gamosavals.

imereTis mefis solomon I-is TaosnobiT XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daiwyo. aRdga quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. mefe aRdgenili saepiskoposoebis ekonomikuri mdgomareobiTac dainteresda. rodesac man xonis saydris Zveli saSemosavlo nusxebi moikiTxa, aRmoCnda, rom isini dakarguli iyo. solomon I-is davalebiT Sedga saeklesio kreba afxazeTis kaTalikosisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavarTa monawileobiT. krebam xonis saydris Semosavlis saqmeze imsjela da daadgina, rom xonis saepiskoposoSi imgvarive saxis gadasaxadebi dawesebuliyo, rogoric iyo Wyondidis, gelaTisa da quTaisis saepiskoposoebSi. es faqti aRniSnulia 1761 wlis saeklesio ganCinebaSi: ̀ ...TviTmpyrobeli mefeT mefe solomon da Tanamecxedre Cemi dedofalT dedofali dadianis asuli mariam, pirmSo Ze Cveni sasurveli aleqsandre... SemovkrbiT madlis micemad RvTisa da ganaxlebad eklesiaTa da taZrisa amis xonis wmindis giorgis taZris ganaxleba da

88

ganTavisufleba vinebeT... movikiTxeT da eklesiis gujari ver vnaxeT, JamTa viTarebisagan dakarguliyo. arc samrevlosi Semosavalis, arc niSnis, arc saxucosi, arcerTis wigni aRar iyo. amazed SemovkribeT Tavad ufali Cveni yovlad netari kaTalikozi besarion, ufliswuli Zma Cveni yovlad RieneTeelis (genaTeli b. g.) mitropoliti ioseb, Wyondidis mitropoliti grigol, quTaTel mitropoliti maqsime, Semoqmedeli mitropoliti nikoloz, mitropoliti daniel, bediel mitropoliti maqsime, ierusalimis patriarqis veqili svimeon, arqimandriti monazoni dayudebuli germane da sxvani erTobiT lixT imerTa krebuli da eklesiis niSani, samrevlo da gamosavali da saxuco movikiTxeT da wmidam am krebam ase daamtkices da bZanes: rogoraTac Wyondidis samwysoSid iyoso, genaTlisa da quTaTlis samwysoSid, imasac (xonis samwysos b. g.) egreT ganuwesoTo~ (kakabaZe 1913g: 7).

XVIII saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi imereTis samefoSi SedarebiT stabilurma viTarebam, xeli Seuwyo qveynis ekonomikur gaZlierebas. imata samwyso gadasaxadebmac. 1783 wlis mefe solomon I-is Sewirulobis wigns axlavs gelaTis samwysoSi Semavali soxastris glexebis gamosavlis nusxa. am nusxis mixedviT TiToeuli glexis gamosavali Seadgenda: sam kod Roms, eqvs Tormetian Rvinos (Tu `Tormetians~ vivaraudebT rogorc Tormeti litris odenobis Rvinis WurWels, gamova rom TiToeul glexs, 72 litri Rvinis begara ekisreboda), erT Careq sanTels (Careqi litris meoTxedia), erT Careq yvels da ori rubis xorcs (kakabaZe: 1921b: 79). jamSi 28 glexis gamosavalma Seadgina: 81 kodi Romi, 158 `Tormetiani~ Rvino (savaraudod 2 tona da 16 litra), 27 Careqi sanTeli, 27 Careqi yveli, 54 rubis xorci da erTi marCilis sakmeveli.

XVIII saukuneSi Sedgenili xonis saydris sabegro nusxebis mixedviT, romelic 1803 wels xoneli mTavarepiskoposis anton CijavaZis brZanebiT gadawera mRvdelma ose gabaonma, daaxloebiT 38 glexis komlis sanTlis begaram Seadgina: 33 Careqi da 7 Samaxuri sanTeli, agreTve 10 mwyTa

89

tilo (kakabaZe: 1921b: 125 - 127). aRniSnuli sanTlis begara faqtobrivad warmoadgens fulad begaras sanTelze gadataniT (saistorio krebuli 1928: 23). sakalaTalikoso ymebis fuladi begara Tavisi kaTalikosobis pirvelive wlebSi afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikoss grigol lorTqifaniZes sanTlis begriT Seucvlia. rogorc Cans, analogiuri cvlileba gatarebula sxva saeklesio glexebis da kerZod, xonis mTavarepiskoposis glexebis mimarTac (iqve).

zemoT moyvanil xonis saydris sabegro nusxebSi sanTlis begris garda, aris Romis da Rvinis begara, agreTve begara Roris, qaTmis, Tevzis, yvelisa da kvercxisa. s. kakabaZis varaudiT, saklavisa da qaTmis gadamxdelTa nusxa Sedgenili unda iyos 1730-1740 wlebSi, Romis da Rvinis gadamxdelTa nusxa 1746-1750 wlebis axlos, xolo sanTlis begris nusxa 1756-1760 wlebSi (iqve, 25). rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra aRdga XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi,1 misi aRdgenis procesSi ki verc erTi Zveli saSemosavlo nusxebi ver upovniaT. aqedan gamomdinare, naklebad savaraudoa, rom xonis saydris ymaTa sagadasaxado nusxebi 1730-1740 wlebSi SeedginaT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mefe solomon I-isTvis cnobili iqneboda am nusxebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli nusxebis yvela krebuli xonis saepiskoposo kaTedris aRdgenis Semdeg, anu XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi unda daweriliyo. zemoT damowmebuli nusxebis mixedviT, xonis saydris 147 glexis komlis saerTo begaram jamSi Seadgina: 590 kuaxi Romi, (kuaxi daaxloebiT kodis 1, 5 - ix. saistorio krebuli 1928: 28) daaxloebiT 893 koka Rvino, 179 rubisa da 50 marCilis Rori, 120 qaTami, 4 rubis TeTri, 25 Sauris xorci da sxva (kakabaZe: 1921b: 127-139). amas emateba yvelisa da kvercxis begara, romlis zusti raodenobis dadgena ver xerxdeba, radgan aRniSnul nusxebSi maTi odenoba ar aris dafiqsirebuli.

irkveva, rom 1803 wels gadawerili XVIII s-is xonis saydris sabegro nusxebis mixedviT, xonis samwysos 147

1 vrclad ix. xoneli episkoposebi...

90

glexis saerTo gadasaxadebis odenoba, TiTqmis Tanabaria XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze Sedgenil xonis saydris davTris nusxebSi asaxuli xonis eklesiis 61 glexis saerTo gadasaxadebis odenobisa. xonis saepiskoposos magaliTze, XVIII saukuneSi XVI saukunisgan gansxvavebiT, gadamxdelTa ricxvi gazrdilia, xolo gadasaxadi Semcirebuli, rac mosaxleobis gaRaribebis niSania. savaraudod, qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime ekonomikuri fonis gamo, analogiuri mdgomareoba unda yofiliyo gelaTisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebSic.

imereTis samefoSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg (1810 w.), dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis reformireba daiwyo. reformis sisruleSi moyvana ver moxerxda saqarTvelos pirveli egzarqosis - varlam erisTavis dros. es ukanaskneli 1817 wels ruseTSi gaiwvies da mis nacvlad saqarTveloSi moavlines Teofilqte rusanovi. Teofilaqtem aRniSnuli reformis gatarebisaTvis mzadeba aqtiurad daiwyo. reformis ZaliT raWa-imereTis oTxive saepiskoposo kaTedra (gelaTi, quTaisi, xoni da nikorwminda) uqmdeboda da imereTis eparqiaSi erTiandeboda. qarTuli eparqiebi rusuli eparqiebis yaidaze unda mowyobiliyo. mcirdeboda eklesia-monastrebisa da sasuliero pirebis raodenoba.

1819 wlisaTvis imereTSi 12908 komli cxovrobda, eklesia-monastrebis raodenoba ki 633 iyo. (am monacemebSi unda Sediodes raWaSi arsebuli eklesia-monastrebic. arsebobs gansxvavebuli monacemebic, romlis mixedviT 1782 wlisaTvis imereTSi 18980 komli cxovrobda, xolo 1819 wlisaTvis maTi raodenoba 12730 komlamde iyo dasuli. 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi imereTis mosaxleobis sagrZnobi kleba, 1812 wels aq gaCenili Jamianobis Sedegi iyo. (ix. vaWriZe g: 1999 34)). sasuliero pirTa raodenoba cxraas samocdacxras aRwevda. aqedan 693 mRvdeli, 79 beri da 197 diakvani iyo (Махарадзе 1942: 59). reformis ZaliT raWa-imereTSi arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis raodenoba ganaxevrda. magaliTad, quTaisis saepiskoposoSi arsebuli 72

91

eklesiis da 105 sasuliero piris nacvlad, darCa 37 eklesia da 39 RvTismsaxuri. xonelis samwysoSi 42 eklesiisa da 59 sasuliero piris nacvlad, darCa 25 eklesia da 23 RvTismsaxuri (Махарадзе 1942: 59). analogiuri viTareba unda yofiliyo gelaTisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebSic. samwuxarod, am saepiskoposoebSi arsebuli eklesia-monastrebisa da iq moRvawe sasuliero pirTa raodenobis Sesaxeb zusti monacemebi ar mogvepoveba.

reformis ZaliT uqmdeboda gadasaxadebis naturiT gadaxda da wesdeboda mxolod fuladi gadasaxadebi. gauqmebuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis glexebi, saxazino uwyebaSi gadadiodnen, sasuliero pirebs ki tradiciul Sesawirav-gadasaxadTa nacvlad, xelfasebi eniSnebodaT (failoZe 2003: 65).

1819 wels Teofilaqte rusanovis gankargulebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi Catarebuli saeklesio ymebis aRwerilobaSi genaTlis samwysos 45 sofelSi 446 komli yma aris aRricxuli (saistorio krebuli 1928: 81). maT 1819 wels naturaluri gadasaxadebis nacvlad dauwesdaT fuladi gadasaxadebi, romelmac jamSi Seadgina 1977 maneTi (iqve, 74-81). (zogierTi monacemebiT 1819 wlisaTvis gelaTis kaTedra 42 soflidan 395 komls flobda, fuladi Semosavali ki iyo 2038 maneTi (ix. Махарадзе 1942: 63)). savaraudod gelaTis samwysos aRnSnul periodSi Svidasamde komli yma hyavda (kakabaZe 1956: 382). xonelis samwysos 9 sofelSi 139 komli yma aRiricxeboda, maTTvis dadgenilma fuladma gadasaxadebma jamSi Seadgina 447 maneTi (saistorio krebuli 1928: 28-32-85). nikorwmindelis samwysos 4 sofelSi aRiricxeboda 53 komli yma. maTi fuladi gadasaxadi jamSi 218 maneTi iyo (iqve, 84-85). saeklesio ymebze dakisrebuli fuladi gadasaxadebi TiTqmis orjer aRemateboda naturalur gadasaxadebs, rac glexis isedac mZime materialur mdgomareobas kidev ufro auaresebda. magaliTad, Tuki xonis samwysos sami soflis: ivandidis, kontuaTisa da naxaxulaveris mcovrebi 18 glexis komlis naturaluri gadasaxadebi daaxloebiT

92

jamSi 40 maneTis Rirebulebisa iyo, maT dauwesdaT 85 maneTi fuladi gadasaxadi (saistorio krebuli 1928: 31). sofel muxayruaSi mcxovreb genaTlis samwysos 17 koml glexs, gelaTis saepiskoposos gauqmebamde naturis saxiT begara edoT: TiTo komls 5-7 koka Rvino, 4-6 baTmani Romi, 2-4 girvanqa sanTeli, zogi komli ixdida erT maneTs cxvris samagierod. jamSi aRniSnuli gadasaxadebi Seadgenda 38 maneTs, magram glexebis siRaribis gamo gelaTis saydars maTTvis 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi begara ar mouTxovia. 1819 wlidan am 17 koml glexs, reformis ZaliT 51 maneTi fuladi gadasaxadi daekisra (iqve, 94). sofel ZmuisSi mcxovreb nikorwmindelis samwysos 10 koml glexs, komlze begara edoT 5 Cafi Rvino da 2 baTmani Romi, 1819 wlidan daedoT fuladi begara 40 maneTi (iqve, 85), rac winandel begaras orjer aRemateboda.

1821 wlis noembris TveSi sabolood gauqmda raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi da Seiqmna imereTis eparqia, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga ukanaskneli nikorwmindeli episkoposi sofronios wulukiZe. igi ruseTis xelisuflebisadmi erTgulebiT gamoirCeoda da didi wvlili Seitana imereTis eparqiis rusul yaidaze gardaqmnis saqmeSi.1 1821 wlisaTvis imereTis eparqiaSi 15 monasteri da 618 eklesia moqmedebda. saeklesio glexebis ricxvi 1808 komls (7072 suli) Seadgenda. imereTis eparqiis wliuri Semosavali jamSi ganisazRvra 11482 maneTi vercxliT (историа Грузинской иерархии 1826: 49)

mravalsaukunovan qarTul eklesiaSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebam sxva uaryofiT faqtorebTan erTad, raWa-imereTisa da sxva qarTul saepiskoposoebSi arsebuli tradiciuli sameurneo sistemis moSla, xolo saeklesio ymebze gadasaxadebis gaormageba gamoiwvia, rac mZime tvirTad daawva isedac savalalo mdgomareobaSi myof glexobas.

1 ix. nikorwmindeli episkoposebi...

93

Tavi V

genaTeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da

maTi qronologiuri rigi

(1529 – 1820 ww.)

1529 wels melqisedek sayvareliZe genaTel episkoposad iqna xeldasxmuli. gelaTis saepiskoposos sakaTedro taZari, gelaTis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia gaxda. gelaTSi unda ganTavsebuliyo genaTelis sacxovrisic. genaTel episkoposebs Semdgom xanebSi TavianTi rezidenciebi hqondaT imereTis sxva mxareebSi. maT Soris CxarSi da quTaisSi (mwvaneyvavilze). genaTlebs hqondaT cixe-simagreebic, romlebsac JamTa viTarebidan gamomdinare, sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros iyenebdnen (amaze qvemoT gveqneba saubari).

melqisedek sayvareliZe ndobiT aRWurvili piri iyo imereTis mefis bagrat III-isa (1510-1565), romlis rCeviTac afxazeTis kaTalikosma malaqia abaSiZem, melqisedeki genaTel episkoposad akurTxa. malaqia abaSiZe gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebisadmi Sedgenil sigelSi, melqisedek sayvareliZes ixseniebs rogorc: „RvTivSemosilsa da angelozTa mobaZavs, wminda meufes“ (x.e.c.fondi SD-2895.kakabaZe 1921a: 10-11).

melqisedek sayvareliZes gelaTSi aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi Cautarebia. RvTismSoblis taZris samkveTloSi aris qva asomTavruli warweriT: „q. adidnes RmerTman, mefeT-mefe bagrat da dedofali elene. amin. didisa saydrisa genaTel mTavarepiskoposman sayvareliZeman melqisedek aRvaSene kankeli da trapezi ese.“

melqisedek sayvareliZe agreTve ixsenieba gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZris sakurTxevlis rvasafexuriani qvis kibis meSvide safexurze Sesrulebul warweraSi: „saydrisa amis mRvdelmTavarepiskopossa melqisedek sayvareliZes Seundos RmerTman.“ qvis kibe Tavisi warweriT melqisedek sayvareliZes gaukeTebia (lominaZe 1955:

94

34). sakurTxevlidan samkveTloSi, TaRian gasasvlelSi SemorCenilia melqisedek sayvareliZis freska warweriT: „q. saydrisa amis mRrdelTmTavarepiskopozs melqisedeks sayvareliZesa Seundves RmerTman, amin“.

melqisedek sayvareliZis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweobis periodi 1529 wlidan 1550 wlamde unda gagrZelebuliyo. Ll. tyeSelaSvili dokumentebis miuTiTeblad melqisedek sayvareliZis gardacvalebis TariRad 1543 wels asaxelebs, rac sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. misi azriT, melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg genaTelis pativi evdemon CxetiZes ekava 1543 – 1557 wlebSi (tyeSelaSvili 2007: 74). amave wlebiT sazRvravs evdemon CxetiZis genaTlobas T. qoriZe (qoriZe 2000: 139). Mmas miaCnia, rom evdemon CxetiZe 1541 wels flobda afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso taxts, Semdeg CvenTvis ucnobi mizezis gamo dakarga da xelaxla daikava 1557 wels (k. l. i. o. 2002: 17). g. mWedliZe imowmebs T. qoriZis varauds da miaCnia, rom melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg gelaTis episkoposad 1543 – 1557 wlebSi evdemon CxetiZe moRvaweobda (mWedliZe... 2008: 161). 1543-1557 wlebiT aris gansazRvruli evdemon CxetiZis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweoba r. metrevelis avtorobiT gamocemul naSromSi „saqarTvelos mefeebi da patriarqebi“ (metreveli2010: 134).

unda aRiniSnos, rom evdemon CxetiZe genaTeli episkoposis pativiT arsebul dokumentebSi ar fiqsirdeba. saeWvoa, rom is 1543 wlidan genaTeli episkoposi gamxdariyo, radgan 1548 wlis wyalobis wignSi, genaTelad kvlav melqisedek sayvareliZe Cans: „q. nebiTa RmrTisaTa, Cuen, didisa da caTa mobaZavisa axlisa ielusalimisa (ierusalimisa) genaTisa... (RmrTisamSobelsa)... (mTavarepis)...kopozman melq...(isedekman) ese samkvidro da sabolooT gasaTavebeli wyalobis sigeli giboZeT erTgulaT da TavdadebiT namsaxursa da Cuengan Sviluleb gazrdilsa ivanes ...Zesa (i. doliZis versiiT `cirRilaZesa~) da TquenTa SvilTa.....“ (x.e.c. HD–1573. Qq. s. Z 1970: 260-262). amJamad dokumenti Zalian dazianebulia. Znelad ikiTxeba sabuTis is nawili, sadac

95

dokumentis Seqmnis TariRia asaxuli: „daiwera sigeli ese qoronikonsa o...(?) Teqvsmetsa..“ (x.e.c. HD–1573. ). 1964 wlis istoriuli dokumentebis aRwerilobis mixedviT, aRniSnuli sabuTis daTariRebisas gamoiTqva varaudi, rom is unda iyos dawerili an „qoronikonsa oras Teqvsmetsa,“ anu 1528 wels, an „oras ocdaTeqvsmetsa“ - 1548 wels (istoriuli dokumentebis katalogi: 1964 fondiHD t. 1, 11). Ees dokumenti isidore doliZem 1548 wliT daaTariRa (q. s. Z.1970: 260-262).

Cven wina TavSi vimsjeleT melqisedek sayvareliZis genaTlad xeldasxmis TariRTan dakavSirebiT da davaskveniT, rom es faqti 1529 wels moxda. aqedan gamomdinare, zemoT moyvanili dokumenti 1528 wels ver daiwereboda. am sabuTis Seqmnis TariRi qoronikoniT oras ocdaTeqvsmeti, anu 1548 weli unda iyos, rac cxadyofs, rom melqisedek sayvareliZes XVI saukunis 50-ian wlebamde gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra ekava, es ki TavisTavad gamoricxavs evdemon CxetiZis genaTlobas 1543 wlidan.

arsebobs varaudi, rom melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg 1565 _ 1568 wlebSi, genaTeli episkoposi yofili mawyvereli antoni iyo (lominaZe 1959: 17).

melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg genaTeli episkoposis pativi marTlac yofil mawyverel episkopos antons unda mieRo, magram ara 1565 wels, aramed ufro adre, (amaze qvemoT SevCerdebiT). rac Seexeba melqisedek sayvareliZes, is, rogorc Cans, genaTlobis Semdeg nikorwmindeli gaxda. Nnikorwmindis taZris dasavleT kedlis CrdiloeT nawilSi, qvaze kuTxovani asomTavruliT weria: „wmidao nikolaoz, meox eyav mefes giorgis mis m (mowyalebiT?) WeliSi avaSene nikolaoz wmidelman sayvareliZeman melqizedek. Aamin“ (boWoriZe 1994: 99). g. boWoriZis mtkicebiT, warwera ekuTvnis XVI saukunes. masSi moxseniebuli giorgi mefe unda iyos imereTis mefe giorgi II (1565–1584), romelic ikiTxeba amave eklesiis RvTismSoblis xatis warweraSi Tavisi ZiT leoniT (iqve). warweraSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli melqisedek sayvareliZe, pirveli genaTeli episkoposi

96

melqisedeki unda iyos, romelmac giorgi II-is gamefebis Semdeg (1565) nikorwmindelis pativi miiRo.

rogorc Cans, melqisedeks genaTlobidan pirdapir nikorwmindeloba ar miuRia. dokumentSi „samarTali kaTalikozisa“, romelic savaraudod XVI saukunis 50-ian wlebSia Sedgenili (amaze qvemoT SevCerdebiT), nikorwmindel episkoposad ioakime ixsenieba, xolo genaTelad, yofili mawyvereli antoni. cxadia, am dros melqisedek sayvareliZes aRar ekava gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra, xolo nikorwmindelis pativi jer ar hqonda miRebuli. wyaroTa simwiris gamo ar viciT ra pativs atarebda melqisedek sayvareliZe genaTlobidan nikorwmindelobamde.1 arsebobs varaudi, rom melqisedek sayvareliZe, am periodSi iSxneli episkoposi iyo (JRenti 2014: 45-46).

rogorc aRvniSneT, melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra antonma daikava. irkveva, rom antoni genaTlobamde mawyvereliyofila. gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZris CrdiloeTis minaSenis karibWeSi, CrdiloeTis karebis TaRze aris warwera: „hoi, asulo sioniso, nayofo iovakimeso, surnelebao samoTxiso, wmida RvTismSobelo, Seiwyale suli antonis genaTel mRvdelTmTavarepiskopozisa.“ amave karibWeSi samxreTis kedelze karebTan aris sasuliero piris suraTi warweriT: „mawyverelman da aw genaTel mTavarepiskoposman anton davxaten karisbWe ese Cemda sulis saoxad, mefeT mefis giorgis sadideblad, amin“ (lominaZe 1955: 40).

antons gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra XVI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi unda daekavebina. man, rogorc genaTelma episkoposma, monawileoba miiRo dasavleT saqarTveloSi gamarTul saeklesio krebaSi, romelic savaraudod XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi Catarda, imereTis mefis bagrat III-is isiniciativiT. krebas miuRia dadgenileba – „samarTali kaTalikozisa.“ am dokumentSi afxazeTis kaTalikos evdemonTan da qarTlis kaTalikos malaqiasTan erTad, moxseniebuli arian: quTaTeli mitropoliti svimoni, genaTeli mTavarepiskoposi antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli,

1 vrclad ix. nikorwmindeli episkoposebi...

97

moqveli, drandeli, cagereli, caiSeli kirile da nikorwmindeli ioakime (kakabaZe 1913a: 7). unda aRiniSnos, rom s. kakabaZis mier gamoqveynebul dokumentSi „samarTali kaTalikozisa da misi Sedgenis dro,“ krebaSi monawile episkoposebis gverdiT ar aris moxseniebuli xoneli episkoposi zaqaria, romelic vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT am krebas eswreboda: „...JamTa amaT Sina, viTarca vixilavT, iqmna ganteveba colTa, kvla kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da ujeroni sjulsa zeda mravalni imereTsa Sina. amisTvis Seikribnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi malaqia, afxazTa kaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereT-odiSisani. xolo episkoposni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim, Caiseli (caiSeli) kirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernes da SeaCuennes moqmedni misni, viTarca gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi“ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 824). aRsaniSnavia, rom krebaSi monawileobas ar iReben guriis saepiskoposoebis mwyemsmTavrebi.

vaxuSti batoniSvili am saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb 1605 wlis ambebis aRweris Semdeg mogviTxrobs, rac Secdomad miiCnia s. kakabaZem iqidan gamomdinare, rom: „samarTlis damamtkicebeli pirni XVII saukunis damwyebs ar cxovrobdnen“ (kakabaZe 1913a: 8). s. kakabaZis varaudiT, „samarTali kaTalikozisa“ unda Sedgeniliyo imereTis mefis bagrat III-is dros ara uadres 1544 wlisa, radgan dokumentSi moxseniebulia nikorwmindeli episkoposi ioakime, xolo nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra s. kakabaZis azriT, 1544 wels daarsda da ara ugvianes 1562 wlisa, radgan dokumentSi moxseniebuli svimon quTaTeli 1562 wels gardaicvala (iqve). damowmebul `samarTali kaTalikozisa~-Si quTaTeli svimonis moxsenieba gvafiqrebinebs, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba, bagrat III-is (1510-1565) mefobis periodSi, ara ugvianes 1562 wlamde Catarda. es ki adasturebs, rom krebaSi monawile anton genaTels 1565 wlamde hqonda miRebuli genaTelis pativi.

98

g. mWedliZis azriT, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi malaqia, ver iqneboda „kaTalikosTa samarTlis“ Seqmnis Tanamonawile afxazeTis kaTalikos evdemonTan erTad, radgan evdemoni afxazeTis kaTalikosi 1557-1578 wlebSi iyo, xolo am periodSi malaqias qarTlis sakaTalikoso taxti aRar eWira. ase rom, „kaTalikosTa samarTalSi“ misi Sesavali nawili gvian gakeTebuli CanarTi unda iyos (mWedliZe... 2008: 165-166). aRniSnuli avtori „samarTali kaTalikozisa“-s Sedgenis TariRad 1557-1562 wlebs asaxelebs, radgan krebis monawile evdemon CxetiZe, afxazeTis kaTalikosi 1557 wels gaxda.

1559 wlis dokumentSi, nikorwmindel episkoposad Cans daviT sayvareliZe (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-3320. q. s. Z. 1979: 262). „samarTali kaTalikozisa“-Si ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, nikorwmindelad ioakime ixsenieba. aqedan gamomdinare, „samarTali kaTalikozisa“-s Seqmnis TariRad, SesaZlebelia 1557-1559 wlebi miviCnioT. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom s. kakabaZis varaudiT, nikorwmindeli daviT sayvareliZe ara XVI, aramed XVII s-is moRvawea, romelic moxseniebulia imereTis mefe bagrat IV-is mier ruseTis xelmwifisadmi gagzavnil werilSi. misi azriT, zemoT moyvanili dokumenti SecdomiT aris 1559 wliT daTariRebuli, is 1659 wels unda daweriliyo (kakabaZe 1921a: 63). aRniSnuli mosazreba gaiziara m. murusiZemac da daviT sayvareliZe gaaigiva XVII saukuneSi moRvawe daviT mitropolitTan, romelsac rusi elCebi ievlevi da toloCanovi ixsenieben (q.i.m. Sromebi 2008: 54).1

kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba „samarTali kaTalikozisa“-Si moxseniebuli qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqias, saeklesio krebaSi uSualod monawileobis sakiTxi, radgan 1556-1560 wlebSi, rodesac savaraudod, es kreba Catarda, qarTlis kaTalikosi domenti I iyo, 1561-1584 wlebSi ki nikoloz II (baraTaSvili) (metreveli 2010: 89). malaqias qarTlis sakaTalikoso taxti daaxloebiT 1532-1534 wlebSi eWira (iqve). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom yofili qarTlis kaTalikosi


99

malaqia, dasavleT saqarTveloSi gamarTul saeklesio krebas sapatio stumris statusiT daeswro, magram is dokumentSi „samarTali kaTalikozisa,“ kaTalikosad moixsenies.

davubrundeT antonis genaTlobas. antoni genaTlobamde awyuris episkoposi yofila.

1545 wels imereTis mefem bagrat III-m soxoistas brZolaSi marcxi ganicada osmalebTan da samcxe dakarga, (bagratma samcxe 1535 wels imereTis samefos SemouerTa da 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi eWira), amis Semdeg osmalebma samcxeSi fexi mtkiced moikides da qristianebis Seviwroeba daiwyes. mravali sasuliero piri iZulebuli gaxda samcxe daetovebina da saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi gadasuliyo. erT-erTi aseTi sasuliero piri gaxldaT anton mawyvereli, romelic ver Seurigda osmalebis batonobas, datova samcxe da imereTSi gadavida. bagrat III-m is gelaTis episkoposad dasva. Cans antoni ndobiT aRWurvili piri iyo bagrat III-isa, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras ver daikavebda.

antonis genaTlobis periodSi unda momxdariyo afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxtis biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadmotana. am sakiTxis gamokvleviT dadasturda, rom biWvinTidan gelaTSi afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxtis gadmotana 1545-1569 wlebSia saZiebeli. ufro viwro periodad ki 1565-69 wlebi ivaraudeba, rodesac afxazeTis kaTalikosi evdemon CxetiZe iyo (lominaZe 1966: 186).

biWvinTidan afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxtis gelaTSi gadmotana ganpirobebuli iyo afxazeTSi Seqmnili mZime mdgomareobiT. XVI s-dan iwyeba Crdilo kavkasieli warmarTi mTielebis afxazeTSi intensiuri Camosaxleba, romlebmac Seaviwroves adgilobrivi qristianuli mosaxleoba da safrTxe Seuqmnes maT fizikur arsebobas. imxanad afxazeTSi mravalma eklesia-monasterma Sewyvita moqmedeba. JamTa viTarebidan gamomdinare, imereTis samefo karma da afxazeTis kaTalikosma evdemon CxetiZem, miiRes gadawyvetileba, rom biWvinTidan afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxti gelaTSi gadmoetanaT. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxti

100

gelaTis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi ganTavsda, RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari ki gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras darCa. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxtis biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadmonacvlebis miuxedavad, arc evdemon CxetiZe da arc mis Semdgom moRvawe afxazeTis kaTalikosebi, ar wyvetdnen biWvinTaSi mimosvlas. Tumca biWvinTisken mimavali gzebi sakmaod saxifaTo iyo. swored am gzaze dasxmian Tavs kaTalikos evdemon CxetiZes gaZarcvis mizniT yaCaRebi da mouklavT (ievlevi 1969: 138).

biWvinTaSi xarSavdnen (azavebdnen) mirons afxazeTis kaTalikosebi XVII saukuneSic, rasac im periodSi saqarTveloSi moRvawe misionerebi da frangi mogzauri Jan Sardeni adastureben. Sardeni biWvinTaze saubris dros aRniSnavs: „megrelebi migviTiTeben zRvis napiras md. koraqsis (kodoris) axlos erT adgilze, romelsac biWvinta hqvia da sadac Zalian didi samnaviani eklesia dgas. isini irwmunebian, rom iq, sadac eklesia aris aSenebuli, wm. andria qadagebdao. eklesia me Soridan vnaxe... iq kaTalikosi weliwadSi erTxel Cadis zeTis dasamzadeblad, rasac berZnebi mirons uwodeben“ (Sardeni 1975: 127).

evdemon CxetiZes aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi Cautarebia gelaTSi. gelaTis wminda giorgis eklesiis nawili evdemonis dakveTiT mouxatavT. am eklesiis gumbaTis erT-erT kamaraze ikiTxeba: „qristes mier kurTxeviT kurTxeuli afxazeTis kaTalikozi evdemon romelman davaxatvine“ (lominaZe 1966: 181).

evdemon CxetiZis freskaa gamosaxuli RvTismSoblis eklesiis CrdiloeT kedelze mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis gverdiT, maT Semdeg gamosaxulia bagrat III-is, misi meuRlis elenes, mefe giorgi II-is, misi meuRle rusudanis da maTi Ze bagratis freskebi. es mxatvroba Sesrulebulia XVI saukuneSi, mefe giorgi bagratis Zis dros, kerZod 1565-1578 wlebSi. rogorc Cans, amave periodSi moaxatvina anton genaTelma RvTismSoblis CrdiloeTi karibWe.

antoni genaTel episkoposad ixsenieba mefe giorgi II-is (1565-1584) mier gelaTisadmi boZebul Sewirulobis wignSi,

101

romelic 1568 wliT aris daTariRebuli. mefe giorgi gelaTs wiravs yma-mamuls Tavisi „saZebriTa da uZebriT.“ Sewirul yma-mamuls Soris aris sofel cxukurSi arsebuli sasaxle, Tavisi yanebiT, saTibebiT da am sasaxleSi Semavali aTi komli glexiT. aRniSnuli Sewirulobebis sanacvlod, mefe genaTel episkoposs samefo ojaxisaTvis locvasa da SemdgomSi maT sulebze zrunvas avalebs: „aw: am mamulis gamosavlisaTvis CvendaT sadRegrZelod da sulisa Cvenisa saoxad da Sesandoblad gviwiravdes genaTeli mTavarepiskoposi sruliad qristes Sobis marxuaTa Jamsa da qristesSobis dResa aRaps gvizamdes saxorciTa misiTa puriTa da RviniTa da sanTel-sakmeveliTa da batoni genaTeli da sruliad misni krebulni Jamsa gviwirebdes da sawiravsa batoni genaTeli miscemdes: esewirvadaaRapi nurc amoiSlebis..zisaSinaantonisasadaindiktionisamefobisaCvenisasameoTxesa, qoronikonsa oras ormocdaTeqvsmetsa (1568) Tvesa agvistosa ocdaaTsa: xeliTa... karis divanmwignobrisa TavaqalaSvilis aRasiTa (x.e.c.fondi SD-2901. Jordania 1897: 410). sxva cnobebi anton genaTelis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. misi gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweobis periodi daaxloebiT XVI s-is 50-iani wlebidan 1568 wlebs Soris unda ganisazRvros.

antonis Semdeg genaTeli episkoposi gaxda ber-monazoni abaSiZe, romlis saxeli samwuxarod Cvens xelT arsebul sabuTebSi ver moviZieT. imereTis mefe giorgi II kdiaSvilebisadmi boZebul wyalobis wignSi aRniSnavs, rom genaTel episkoposad abaSiZe dasva. saaTabagodan imereTSi dabrunebul mefe giorgis kdiaSvilebis ojaxi gamoyva. aRniSnul dokumentSi saubaria mefe giorgis mier maTTvis sofel simoneTSi boZebuli goxaZiseuli alagis Sesaxeb: „saxl-kariT, Wur-marniT, tyiTa da veliT.“ mefe ojaxis ufrosisadmi micemul wyalobis wignSi dasZens, rom: „giboZe svimoneTs saydari da sasaflavo... da im saydris dekanozad dagayene, da Temis ufrosoba giboZeT: da erisgans-moxeloba. oTxi patriaqi gardmogvyva da mirCies, ratom erTi efiskobozi Sens sasaflaozed ar ziso: abaSiZe

102

genaTlad davsvi. Sen genaTels migabare da CemaT sajeroT jvarwiTvlaT (?) dagayene“ (burjanaZe 1958: 17). dokuments TariRi ar gaaCnia. S. burjanaZis varaudiT, giorgi mefe saaTabagodan dabrunda 1562 wels, rusudani SeirTo 1563 wels (dokumentSi mefe giorgisTan erTad ixsenieba misi meuRle, dedofali rusudani), sabuTi dawerili unda iyos amis Semdeg, daaxloebiT 1563-1564 wlebSi (iqve). aRniSnuli sabuTi 1563-64 wlebSi ver daiwereboda, radgan giorgi II 1565 wels gamefda (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-3327). Cveni varaudiT, sabuTi, sadac mefe giorgi II-is mier abaSiZis genaTlad dasmazea saubari, 1568 wlis Semdeg aris dawerili. rogorc Cans, am droisaTvis antons genaTeli episkoposis pativi aRar hqonda da misi adgili abaSiZem daikava.

mkvlevarTa nawili anton genaTelis gardacvalebis TariRad 1588 wels miiCnevs, xolo mis Semdeg, genaTelad 1588-1603 wlebSi svimon batoniSvils varaudobs (tyeSelaSvili 2007: 79-80), nawili ki antonis genaTlobas daaxloebiT 1543-1584 wlebiT sazRvravs da mis Semdeg 1584–1603 wlebSi genaTel episkoposad, domenti CxetiZes asaxelebs (mWedliZe... 2008: 206). arsebuli varaudebi sizustes moklebulia, rasac adasturebs Cven mier zemoT moyvanili dokumenti XVI s-is 60-iani wlebisa, sadac aRniSnulia, rom mefe giorgi II-m antonis Semdeg genaTlad abaSiZe dasva.

genaTeli abaSiZe, garda TavSi moyvanili dokumentisa, sxva wyaroebSi ar ixsenieba.

g. wereTels aRwerili aqvs gelaTis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZris samxreTis mklavSi, yviTel fonze Savi asoebiT Sesrulebuli warwera: „q. wmindao naTlismcemelo qristeso, mfarvel da meox eqmen winaSe RvTisa genaTel mRvdelmTavarebiskopossa domenti CxetiZes.“ aseve g. wereTels waukiTxavs salaros karis Tavze warwera TeTri asoebiT mwvane fonze: „q. genaTel mRvdelTmTavarebiskoposi domenti CxetiZe. saukunomca ars xseneba misi, amin.“ aqve gamoxatuli yofila TviT domenti CxetiZe saepiskoposo SesamoselSi (lominaZe 1955: 33). rogorc irkveva, es

103

warwerebi gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZarSi 1948 wlamde daculi yofila (gogsaZe 1948: 29). 1955 wels ki zemoT moyvanili warwerebisTvis veRar miukvlevia b. lominaZes.

g. boWoriZis wignSi `imereTis istoriuli Zeglebi~ kursebis macxovris eklesiis samxreTis karis marcxena qvaze Sesrulebuli warweraa moyvanili: „qriste Seiwyale da daicev mSvidobiT orTave Sina cxovrebaTa genaTeli domenti CxetiZe, amin“ (boWoriZe 1995: 117-118). Tumca rogorc irkveva, aRniSnuli warwera am eklesiis sawinamZRvro jvarze yofila Sesrulebuli da ara eklesiis kedelze. es sawinamZRvro jvari dRes dakargulia. domenti CxetiZe ixsenieba godoganis macxovris eklesiis jvarze asomTavruliT Sesrulebul warweraSic: „juaro qristesao, Seiwyale orTave cxorebaTa genaTeli domenti CxetiZe“ (iqve, 122). domenti CxetiZis Sesaxeb Cvens xelT arsebuli arcerTi daTariRebuli cnoba ar arsebobs, amitom Wirs misi genaTel episkoposad moRvaweobis wlebis gansazRvra. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom domenti CxetiZe XVI saukunis II naxevarSi moRvawe genaTeli episkoposia, romelmac gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra genaTeli abaSiZis Semdeg daikava da moRvaweobda daaxloebiT XVI s-is 80-90-ian wlebSi. domenti CxetiZis Semdeg genaTelis pativi svimon batoniSvils unda mieRo.

svimon batoniSvili moxseniebulia 1603 wlis wyalobis sigelSi. imereTis mefe rostomi (1590-1604) gelaTis saydars swiravs glex golTaZes: „Cven mRvTiv gvirgvinosanman mefeT mefeman rostom da dedofalT dedofalman TinaTin vigulismodgineT da gkadreT da mogaxseneT Cvenad sadRigrZelod da gasamarjvebelad da mefobisa Cvenisa warsamarTebelad... SemogwireT mcire... Semosawiravi... glexi gogali golTaZe... saydarsa da batonisSvilsa genaTelsa daudeviT sumonsa upativod amisis TeTris begarisagan ori Samaxuri sanTeli yovel didmarxvaSi...~dokuments boloSi TariRi aqvs dasmuli: „daiwera brZaneba da sigeli ese genaTel mTavarebiskoposisa batonisSvilis sumionissa da indikitonsa mefobisa Cuenisasa qoronikonsa oras

104

oTxmocdaTerTmetsa (1603) Tuvesa agvistosa.“ (x.e.c.fondi SD-2905. kakabaZe 1921a: 36).

gelaTis RvTismSoblis eklesiis CrdiloeT minaSenis kedelze gamosaxulia svimon batoniSvilis freska beris samosiT. qveviT warwera axlavs: „batoniSvili genaTeli svimon.“ svimonis freskis win saflavis qvaa, romelic svimon genaTels ekuTvnis (lominaZe 1955: 41).

arsebobs genaTeli svimon batoniSvilis mier iovane kldiaSvilisadmi gacemuli wyalobis sigeli: „q. Cven, qristes mier kurTxeulman genaTelma mRrdel-mTavar-efiskobozma batonisSvilma batonma svimon Sen, iovanes kldiaSvils da Sensa Svilsa iasa da giorgis TquenTa SvilTa da momavalTa... mogeciT svimaneTis dekanozoba mkvidraT da SoucileblaT... daiwera ese wigni Tavs ianvarsa qoronikonsa ozdarvasa da oTxsa“ (q. s. Z. 1970: 621). aRniSnuli qoronikoniT zusti TariRis gansazRvra Znelia. Tu „ozdarvasa da oTxSi“ 284-s vivaraudebT, gamodis, rom sigeli 1596 wels dawerila. i. doliZem aRniSnuli sigeli zogadad XVII saukuniT daaTariRa (iqve).

genaTeli svimoni Cvens xelT arsebul kidev erT sabuTSi ixsenieba. es gaxlavT mis mier boZebuli wyalobis sigeli, micemuli daTinas, ivanasa da mamukasaTvis. am ukanasknelT genaTeli episkoposi begaras umcirebs da savaraudod miwas uwyalobebs. sigeli uTariRoa da amave dros Zalian dazianebuli. is XVI–XVII saukuneTa mijnaze unda iyos dawerili. masSi vkiTxulobT: „..mogeciT: Cuen: genaTelman: mRvdelm... (mTavarman) svimion: Tqven: daTinsa: damis... ivanas: damamukas: asre (ro)..me: mogvadeqiT: karada: da: vismineT: Tqveni: SegiwyaleT: da: amogi... (kveTeT saZalo saTxovari? b. g.)... (gibed) ..nieros RmerTman: Cuens (erTgul)...obaSida: ara mogeSalos: ...sxvaTa efiskobozTagan:“ (x.e.c. HD-14982). sabuTs amowmebs daviT xucesi. dokuments bolos darTuli aqvs svimon genaTelis xelrTva. sxva cnobebi svimon genaTelis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. Cans, igi samefo saxlis wevri iyo, radgan batoniSvilad ixsenieba.

svimon genaTels gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra unda

105

sWeroda giorgi III-is (1604–1639) mefobis periodSic. imxanad mTel saqarTveloSi da maT Soris imereTis samefoSi mZime Jami idga. iranis Sahis abas I-isgan devnili qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebi luarsab II da Teimuraz I, TavianTi amaliT imereTs iyvnen Sexiznulebi. mefe Teimurazi Semdgom xanebSic afarebda imereTs Tavs. beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: „raJams iyo batoni Teimuraz imereTs, mas Jamsa Seiqmna siymili didi imereTs. da maSin gaugzavna batonman Teimuraz xonTqarsa kaci, Seexuewa da sTxova sarCo. xolo xonTqarman sxua veRara gaawyo ra da misca gonias da axalcixesa gareSemo missa mamuli sarCod. da sanamdis xvanTqaris kaci mouvidoda batons Teimurazs, veRar gasZlo imereTs, warvida da mivida mamia gurielTan“ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 402). am sityvebidan naTlad Cans, Tu ra gasaWiri iyo imJamad imereTSi. gaWirvebasa da SimSils SinaaSlilobac daerTo Tan, romelmac saukunenaxevari gastana.

imereTSi kidev ufro damZimda mdgomareoba giorgi III-is Zis, aleqsandre III-is (1639–1660) mefobis periodSi. imxanad gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra zaqaria qvarians ekava, romelmac genaTelis pativi savaraudod svimon batoniSvilis Semdeg miiRo.

l. tyeSelaSvili miiCnevs, rom 1603-1637 wlebSi gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra domenti CxetiZes eWira (tyeSelaSvili 2007: 80-81). Tumca igi am varauds aranairi sabuTiT ar amyarebs.

imereTis mefe giorgi III 1630 wlis Sewirulebis wignSi, ixseniebs samefo ekvderis winamZRvar zaqarias (kakabaZe 1921a: 48), romelic zaqaria qvariani unda iyos. 1637 wlidan igi genaTeli episkoposi gaxda (Jordania 1897: 452).

zaqaria genaTels aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi Cautarebia. man daaxloebiT 1637-1639 wlebSi quTaisSi (mwvaneyvavilaze) aaSena mTavarangelozis eklesia, cixe-simagre da saxl-kari (cixe da mTavarangelozis eklesia dRemde SemorCenilia) (metreveli 2010: 139). mwvaneyvavilaze genaTlebis rezidencia arsebobda XVIII saukuneSic.

zaqaria qvariani erTguli da ndobiT aRWurvili piri

106

iyo mefe giorgi III-is da Semdeg misi Zis – aleqsandre III-isa. erT-erT Sewirulebis wignSi zaqaria Tavis gamzrdelad mefe giorgi III-s asaxelebs (q. s. Z. 1970: 508).

zaqaria qvarianis genaTlobis periodSi garTulebuli iyo urTierToba samegrelos mTavar levan II dadiansa (1611–1657) da imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s Soris. dadianis intensiurma Tavdasxmebma daasusta da ganadgurebis piras miiyvana imereTis samefo. aseT Jams genaTel episkoposs aqtiurad uxdeboda saero saqmeebSi Careva da zog SemTxvevaSi brZolaSi Cabmac.

1647 wels levan dadianma quTaisze morigi Tavdasxmis dros tyved Caigdo mefe aleqsandres Zma mamuka batoniSvili (anTalava 1990: 126). mefe aleqsandrem didi cdebis miuxedavad ver SeZlo Zmis gamoxsna tyveobidan. ufro metic, man mamuka batoniSvilis dasaxsnelad Tavisi memkvidre bagrati gagzavna mZevlad dadianTan, magram Tavs gasulma mTavarma araTu mamuka gaanTavisufla, bagrat batoniSvilic TavisTan daitova. mefe aleqsandrem levan dadianTan mosalaparakeblad genaTeli zaqariac miavlina, magram mitropolit zaqaria qvarianis misiam odiSSi, uSedegod Caiara (iqve, 128).

garTulebuli iyo mdgomareoba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic. 1648 wels, qarTlis mefe rostomma (1632–1658), kaxeTidan sabolood gamoaZeva mefe Teimuraz I. man kaxeTis mefe–dedofals imereTSi gadasasvleli gza misca. Teimurazsa da dedofal xoreSans ar gaumxiles yizilbaSTagan maTi vaJis, ufliswul daviTis mokvlis ambavi. imereTisaken momaval kaxeTis mefe-dedofals, mefe aleqsandre III-m (aleqsandre siZe iyo Teimurazisa, mas colad hyavda Teimurazis qaliSvili nestan-darejani) genaTeli zaqaria da imereli Tavadebi miageba. Semdeg TviTon aleqsandre gaeSura didi jariT devnil mefe-dedofalTan Sesaxvedrad. farsadan gorgijaniZis cnobiT, zaqaria genaTelma mefe aleqsandres daviT ufliswulis daRupvis ambavi acnoba da urCia: „imereTs amdeni SeZleba ara aqvso, rom orjel calkecalke Temi SevhyaroT. barem

107

dedofali mobrZandeso da dedaSvilT SeyraSi ganucxadoTo. ra zari amaRldeso, mefemano TavscemiT batonisSvilis daTunas wameba TaTarTagan qebiT warmosTqvaso. amaRlda zari da mefe aleqsandrem mxarCaxdili TavscemiT batons Teimurazs win dauCoqa da batonisSvilis daTunasi mamacobiTa da qebiT mokvla warmoTqva. batoni Teimuraz da orniv dedoflebi viT usulo mkvdarni Seiqmnen. genaTeli da episkapozni wamodgnes da gulzed wylis dasxmiT Zlivas suls movidnes, saRmrTo sityvani uqadages da gankiTxvis dRis SiSi dasdves da mRTis sawyeni saqmeebi daarides da Wirisufalni dasxes, ormocamdisin tirili da zari iyo“ (kakabaZe 1926: 50).

imereTSi myofma Teimurazma mefe aleqsandres urCia, elCi gaegzavna ruseTis xelmwifesTan da mfarveloba eTxova. aleqsandre daTanxmda, man ruseTis xelmwifes imereTis samefos mfarvelobaSi miReba da levan dadianis winaaRmdeg doneli kazakebis gamogzavna sTxova. Teimurazma aleqsandres elCs ruseTSi Tavisi elCic gaayola. Teimurazi cdilobda ruseTis daxmarebiT kaxeTis samefo taxtis dabrunebas. Teimurazisa da aleqsandres elCebi 1649 wlis 13 agvistos moskovSi Cavidnen. ruseTis mTavrobam 1650 wlis 10 ivniss qarTvel mefeebTan imereTSi sapasuxo elCoba gamogzavna, aleqsi ievlevisa da nikifore toloCanovis SemadgenlobiT. rusi elCebi 1650-1652 wlebSi imereTis samefoSi imyofebodnen. am xnis ganmavlobaSi maT ramdenjerme gamarTes molaparakeba mefe aleqsandresa da mefe TeimurazTan. molaparakebebze mefe aleqsandres yovelTvis Tan axlda genaTeli zaqaria qvariani. rusi elCebi zaqarias moixsenieben, rogorc mefis sulier moZRvars. 1651 wlis 5 ivliss ievlevi da toloCanovi genaTel zaqarias saxlSi, sadilze estumrnen, sadac mefe aleqsandrec imyofeboda adgilobriv didebulebsa da mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad (toloCanovi 1970: 107). stumroba genaTelis rezidenciaSi, mwvaneyvavilaze gaimarTa.

rusi elCebi SeTanxmebisamebr moiTxovdnen, mefe aleqsandres erTgulebis fici daedo ruseTis

108

xelmwifisaTvis, mefe Teimurazs ki ruseTSi Tavisi SviliSvili erekle gaegzavna. Teimurazi SviliSvilis gagzavnaze Tavs ikavebda, mefe aleqsandrec ficis dadebas aWianurebda. rogorc Cans, aleqsandre da Teimurazi rus elCebTan warmoebuli molaparakebebis paralelurad, levan dadianTan dazavebas cdilobdnen. Tuki dadiani xels aiRebda imereTis intensiur darbevebze, maSin aleqsandre ruseTis xelmwifesTan erTgulebis ficis dadebaze Tavs Seikavebda.

levan dadianTan molaparakebaze odiSSi mefe Teimurazi da genaTeli zaqaria qvariani Cavidnen. molaparakebam Sedegi ver gamoiRo. toloCanovis cnobiT: „seqtembris ors sadadianodan qalaq quTaisSi mefe Teimurazi, mefe aleqsandres moZRvari mitropoliti zaqaria da misi darbazis mdivani feSangi Camovidnen. mefe Teimurazi da mitropoliti zaqaria sadadianoSi Sesarigeblad iyvnen wasuli. magram Teimuraz mefem, mefe aleqsandre sadadianos mTavars ver Seariga“ (toloCanovi 1970: 79).

ievlevi da toloCanovi daJinebiT moiTxovdnen mefe aleqsandresgan erTgulebis ficis dadebas. maT genaTeli episkoposis saSualebiT miaRwies Sedegs. ievlevis moxsenebaSi erTgan aRniSnulia: „aleqsandre mefe rusTxelmwifes fics ar aZlevda, saqmes aWianurebda. kviridan kviramde gvpirdeboda da ase gviqcevda. amis gamo vixmeT mefis sulieri moZRvari zaqaria mitropoliti, darbazis kaci feSang mdivani „amirevi,“ biZina Tarjimani da amaT (saidumlod) movelaparakeT, rom mefes urCion... is saqme daaboloos, jvarze mTxveviT daificos...“ (ievlevi 1969: 2).

1651 wlis 9 oqtombers aleqsandre III-m erTgulebis fici dado ruseTis xelmwifisadmi. am dokuments sxva saero da sasuliero pirebTan erTad xeli zaqaria qvarianmac moawera (iqve, 175). Tumca am elCobas araTu raime realuri Sedegi mohyva, piriqiT, ufro damZimda urTierToba samegrelosa da imereTs Soris. ganrisxebulma levan dadianma gaaZliera Tavdasxmebi imereTze.

erT-erTi didi laSqrobis dros levan dadianma gadawva

109

da aaoxra qalaqi quTaisi, Semdeg alya Semoartya zaqaria genaTelis cixes, romelic erTi kviris saartilerio brZolis Semdeg aiRo, xelT igdo 40 Tavad-aznauri, mravali meTofe da didZali nadavli (narkvevebi 1973b: 339).

am faqts „didi siamayiT“ aRniSnavs levan dadiani: „miuxediT mefesa aleqsandres rions gaRma, quTaTisi qalaqi davswviT da avaoxreT, SemovadeqiT genaTelis cixesa da daviwyeT brZola. dauSineT didrovani zarbaznebi, davamtvrieT cixe da aviReT sworzeda“ (rexviaSvili 1989: 97). rogorc Cans, levan dadianma zaqaria qvarianis mier mwvaneyvavilaze aSenebuli cixis zRudeebi moarRvia. levan II dadianis risxva genaTel episkoposs im mizeziT daatyda Tavs, rom es ukanaskneli, aleqsandre mefis uaxloesi mrCeveli da aqtiuri mxardamWeri iyo.

levan dadianis intensiuri Tavdasxmebis Sedegad aoxrda imereTis samefo, gapartaxda soflebi. xalxi mTebsa da mezobel mxareebSi gaixizna. zaqaria qvariani cdilobda gapartaxebuli adgilebis isev xalxiT Sevsebas da soflis meurneobis aRorZinebas. 1644 wlis Sewirulebis wignSi, genaTel episkoposs CamoTvlili aqvs, Tu ramdeni gapartaxebuli adgili SeiZina da iq ramdeni glexi daasaxla. amave dokumentSi genaTeli zaqaria aRniSnavs, rom mefe giorgi III-is mier nawyalobev abesalam masxaraSviliseul mamulSi: „aRvaSene eklesia mTavarangelozTa da cixe da saxl-kari da SevhqeniT soflad uSeni adgili ase, rome amazed mindReSi kaci ar saxlebuliyo“ (q. s. Z. 1970: 508).

1652–1655 wlebSi genaTeli zaqarias SekveTiT gadaweres didi gulani, romelic Semdgom daviT garejis monastrisaTvis SeuwiravT. misive SekveTiT damzadda Sav xaverdze oqromkediT naqargi Zvirfasi gardamoxsna, romelzec aris warwera: „RmerTo, Seiwyale afxazeTis kaTalikosi zaqaria qvariani, amin, aman Seamko gardamoxsna ese“ (tyeSelaSvili 2007: 85).

erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT: „qoronikonsa :tmd: (1656) akurTxa mitropolitad gaenaTeli zaqaria qvariani Rirsman da RuTismoyvareman afxazeTisa kaTalikozman

110

maqsime maWutaZeman Tuesa ivnissai (10)” (odiSeli 1968: 61). aRniSnuli qoronikoniT daTariReba sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. zaqaria qvarians, rogorc mitropolits, ixsenieben rusi elCebi ievlevi da toloCanovi, romlebic, rogorc aRvniSneT, imereTSi 1650–1652 wlebSi imyofebodnen. aqedan gamomdinare, zaqarias mitropolitis xarisxi ara ugvianes 1650-52 wlebSi ukve hqonda miRebuli.

1657 wlidan zaqaria qvariani afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi gaxda. man kaTalikosobasTan erTad garkveuli periodi genaTlobac SeiTavsa. erT-erT sabuTSi zaqaria qvariani moxseniebulia rogorc afxazeTis kaTalikosi da genaTeli episkoposi: „Cuen, qristes mier kurTxeviT kurTxeulman afxazeTisa kaTalikozman da genaTelman batonman zaqaria ese sabolaod gasaTavebeli... wyalobis wigni da sigeli dagiwereT da giboZeT Sen, iovanes...“ (q. s. Z. 1970: 532).

zaqaria kaTalikosobis periodSic aqtiurad ganagrZobda moRvaweobas. man 1659 wels samegrelos mTavar vamey dadians sTxova misTvis adgili gamoeyoT odiSis samTavroSi, radgan kaTalikoss iq rezidencia ar hqonda da dResaswaulis Jams: „xan erTsa episkopozsa Caudgeboda da xan meores, da episkopozebi mWveT garjiT da daRonebiT iyvnen“ (Jordania 1897: 475). samegrelos mTavarma zaqarias Txovna Seusrula da gamouyo senakis sawinamZRvro saydari da „sasaxle misis mamuliTa“ (iqve).

zaqaria qvarianTan axlo urTierToba hqonda TeaTinel misioners don kristoforo de kastels, romelic 1632-1656 wlebSi imyofeboda saqarTveloSi. kasteli zaqaria qvarians ixseniebs, rogorc kacTmoyvareobiT savse da wminda sarwmunoebisadmi RvTismosav adamians, kaTolike patrebis keTilismyofelad (kasteli 1976: 154). SemorCenilia kastelis mier daxatuli zaqaria qvarianis portreti Zvirfasi samoseliT. erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT: „qoronikonsa :t. m. z: (1659) amaqk~s (qoronikonsa) gardaxda kaTalikozi quariani zaqaria da imave welsa qristiane da RvTismoyuare quTaTel-

111

zaqaria qvariani (kastelis albomi)mitropoliti CxetiZe batoni svimon kaTalikozad dasves“ (Jordania 1897: 476). zogierTi cnobiT, zaqaria qvariani 1660 wels gardaicvala. samecniero wreebSi zaqarias

112

gardacvalebis TariRad 1660 welia miCneuli. gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZarSi SemorCenilia zaqaria

qvarianis ori freska, erTi genaTlobis, meore ki kaTolikosobis droindeli. orive freskas warwera axlavs. pirveli freska warmodgenilia taZris aRmosavleT nawilSi, mcire zomis samlocvelos aRsavlis karis marcxena mxares sarkmelTan warweriT: `genaTeli zaqaria qvariani.~ meore freska taZris dasavleTis mklavSia gamosaxuli warweriT: „RmerTo, Seiwyale didisa saydrisa genaTisa mitropoliti da aw afxazeTisa da saqarTvelos didisa biWvintisa kaTalikosi zaqaria qvariani, amin.“

zaqaria qvariani gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZris CrdiloeT karibWeSia dakrZaluli. misi saflavis qvaze SemorCenilia warwera: „ufalo, Seiwyale kz-i (kaTalikozi) zaqaria! ese saflavi Cemi aris da vinc Cvensukan gaxsnas, SeCvenebuli iyos“ (Jordania 1897: 476)! rogorc Cans, imxanad gaZarcvis mizniT saflavebis gaxsna xSiri movlena iyo.

rogorc irkveva, zaqaria qvarians gardacvalebamde, anu 1660 wlamde, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosis Tanamdebobis paralelurad genaTloba aRar eWira. 1659 wels mefe aleqsandre III-m genaTelad sxva mRvdelmTavari dasva.

1658-1659 wlebSi saqarTvelos estumra ierusalimis patriarqi paisi. mas zamTari gelaTis monasterSi gautarebia. patriarqi paisi 1659 wlis 6 ianvars imereTis mefem aleqsandre III-m naTlisRebis dResaswaulze miipatiJa qarTlis sazRvarTan mdebare patara dasaxlebaSi, amavdroulad mefe aleqsandre ierusalimis patriarqs genaTeli episkoposis kurTxevas Txovda. ierusalimis patriarqma mipatiJebaze uari Tqva, radgan iranis Sahis morCili gamusulmanebuli qarTlis mefe rostomis da mefe aleqsandres mowinaaRmdege somxebis eSinoda. patriarqi SiSobda, rom somxebi gzaze Causafrdebodnen da daatyvevebdnen: `После недолгаго пребывания, Мепесъ Александръ приглашалъ Патриарха прибыть къ нему къ знаменитому празднику Крещения, въ селение Гурианъ,-

113

довольно удаленное отъ города Кутаиса, на границу Картлинии, и посвятить также Кинателя или Епископа Гелатскаго монастыря, где мы проживали. Но мы не поехали в Карталинию: потому что тамъ находился Ростомъ, царь Мусульманский; да и кроме того, Патриарх опался, что бы Армяне (находящиеся тогда въ ссоре съ Александромъ) не поставили бы ему на дороге засаду, и чтобъ Персидский Шахъ, не проводилъ бы Патриарха въ Испагань~ (Броссе 1843: 215-216. cincaZe 2010: 50).

imereTis mefis SeTavazeba ierusalimis patriarqisaTvis genaTeli episkoposis kurTxevaze uCveulod Cans. afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi, rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos avtokefalur eklesiaSi, episkoposis kurTxeva afxazeTis kaTalikosis xelidan xdeboda. am SemTxvevaSi genaTeli episkoposisaTvis xeli kaTalikos zaqaria qvarians unda daesxa da ara ierusalimis patriarqs. ratom dasWirda mefes afxazeTis kaTalikosis gverdis avliT ierusalimis patriarqisaTvis Txovna genaTeli episkoposis kurTxevaze, CvenTvis ucnobia. afxazeTis kaTalikosi zaqaria qvariani mefe aleqsandre III-is erTguli TanamebrZoli iyo. am fonze es sakiTxi kidev ufro gaugebari xdeba. rogorc aRvniSneT, zaqaria qvarianma 1657 wlidan afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosobasTan erTad genaTlobac SeiTavsa. es xom ar gaxda mizezi mefe aleqsandresa da kaTalikos zaqarias Soris dapirispirebisa?

patriarqi paisis `mogzaurobaSi,~ romelic m. broses mier iTargmna rusul enaze da gamoica 1843 wels, genaTeli episkoposis saxeli ar ixsenieba. Cvens xelT arsebul 1659-1663 wlebis dokumentebSi genaTeli episkoposi ar Cans. amitom Znelia dazusteba, vin ganagebda gelaTis saepiskoposos am periodSi. p. cxviloeli (karbelaSvili) 1658-1668 wlebSi genaTel episkoposad abraams asaxelebs, romelic arCilis (qarTlis mefis vaxtang V-is vaJi) imereTis mefed kurTxevis ceremonials daswrebia quTaisSi (karbelaSvili 1892: 11). aRniSnuli faqti 1661 wels moxda. wyaroTa simwiris gamo isRa dagvrCenia, daveyrdnoT am

114

cnobas da vivaraudoT, rom imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-m 1659 wels genaTelad abraami dasva da misi kurTxeva sTxova ierusalimis patriarqs paiss. abraamis genaTloba 1659-1663 wlebSi aris savaraudebeli, radgan 1663 wlidan gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra gedeon lorTqifaniZes uWiravs. samwuxarod, sxva cnobebi genaTeli abraamis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, 1663 wlidan gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze gedeon lorTqifaniZe Cans, Tumca nawili mkvlevarebisa gedeonis gelaTis episkoposad moRvaweobis periods 1660-1682 wlebiT sazRvravs (lominaZe 1955:47), rac sizustes moklebulia. 1660 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi gedeon lorTqifaniZe nikorwmindel episkoposad ixsenieba (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-2143. kakabaZe 1921a: 64), xolo 1664 wlis Sewirulobis wignSi is ukve genaTel-nikorwmindelia (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-1534. kakabaZe 1921a: 69). mas genaTloba 1662-63 wlebSi unda mieRo.

genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZes umZimes periodSi mouxda moRvaweoba. 1660 wels gardaicvala mefe aleqsandre III da taxtze misi Ze bagrat IV avida (1660-1681). bagratis gamefebidan imereTi srulma anarqiam moicva. n. berZeniSvilis TqmiT, XVII s-is 60-ian wlebSi imereTSi dawyebuli anarqiis Sedegad: ”40 weliwadSi ocjer Seicvala mefe. amaTgan mxolod erTi SerCa mefobas bunebiT sikvdilamdis. Tavadebma miitaces da daisakuTres samefo yma–mamuli. erisTav-mouravebma xelmwifoba daiCemes. mTavrebi auqmebdnen saepiskoposoebs, sawinamZRvroebs da itacebdnen saeklesio mamulebs. saero feodalebma daitaces sakaTalikoso soflebi~ (berZeniSvili 1973: 274).

XVII s-is meore naxevarSi imereTis samefosa da mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi, adgili hqonda calkeul mefeTa da mTavarTa araSorsmWvretelur saqmianobas, erTmaneTis daundoblobas, gamudmebul kinklaobas mefesa da Tavadebs, calkeul Tavadebs, mefesa da mTavrebs Soris. da rac mTavaria, Ria amoralobas mmarTveli elitis mxridan, romelic Tavisi mentalobiTa da realuri qmedebiT zneobrivi daqveiTebis

115

magaliTs iZleoda (metreveli 2012: 26).bagrat IV-m gamefebisTanave Tavisi dedinacvlis

dedofali darejanis survilisamebr, colad SeirTo darejanis ZmiSvili qeTevani, (Teimuraz I-is SviliSvili). darejanma Tavisi gavlenis qveS moaqcia mefe bagrati. farsadan gorgijaniZis TqmiT, darejani: `TviTan mefec iyo da dedofalica. bagrats araferi ekiTxeboda da Seujndnen dedofals eSmaksaviT macdurebi da asre gamourCives: bagrat mokalo da WuWuneisSvili vaxtang bagratoani SeirTeo da mefeT akurTxeo da sinamdisin ruseTiT Zmiswulic moayvanineo (saubaria erekle batoniSvilze) da is gaabatoneTo. da batoni Teimurazc ruseTiT axali mosruli iyo da xoreSan dedofalszed mgloviareT iyo, skandaSi cixeSi iyo. gauwyra RmerTi mrCevelsa, darejan dedofalman bagrat mefe daWirvina da Tvalebi dauTxrevina da mefobas Tavis mamas Seepatija. mamam ujavra, rasTvis Cems siZes Tvalebi dasTxarao. skandiT quTaTiss ar Cavida. dedofalmanc mamis javriT vaxtang mefeT akurTxa da qmraT SeirTo~ (kakabaZe 1926: 63).

darejanma bagrationTa saxlis wevri vaxtangi, WuWuniasSvilad wodebuli, qmrad SeirTo da mefed gamoacxada, faqtobrivad ki TviTon gabatonda imereTSi. darejanis batonoba didxans ar gagrZelebula. misi saqcieliT ukmayofilo TavadTa erTma nawilma (qvemo imereTidan) vamiy dadiani, meore nawilama (zemo imereTidan) qarTlis mefe vaxtang V Sahnavazi (1658–1675) miiwvia imereTSi. vamiyma Seipyro darejani da vaxtangi (am ukanasknels Tvalebi dasTxara) da Tavi mefed gamoacxada. amasobaSi vaxtang V-m zemo imereTi daikava. dadiani da vaxtangi SeTanxmdnen da imereTi Suaze gaiyves, sazRvrad md. bujiswyali dadves (1660 w.) (narkvevebi 1973b: 345).

beri egnataSvilis cnobiT, darejanis imereTSi gabatonebis Semdeg, axalcixis faSa aslani: ”warmoemarTa laSqriTa da Camovida imereTs. vervin winaaRudga, warmoiyvana Tana WuWunaSvili, qeTevan da darejan, mamida da Zmiswuli. eseni wariyvana aslan faSaman da daayena olTiss pativiTa didiTa.

116

xolo bagrat Tualdamwvari gaabatona munve imereTs.da gamohxda xani rame, maSin imerlebma dauwyes mefes

Sahnavazs laparaki da dadianmanc, rameTu ara morCil eqmnes bagrats, iqidam dadiani mouxda da daipyra imereTi. xolo mefe Sanavaz warvida da mivida fciswyalzeda” (yauxCiSvili 1959: 437).

vamey dadianma da Sahnavazma damZaxleba gadawyvites. vameyis asuli Sahnavazis vaJze arCilze unda daqorwinebuliyo. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, vameyma Tavisi meuRlis ganzraxviT, arCilze dawinduli asuli beJan RoRoberiZes miaTxova. Sahnavazsa da vamiys Soris mtroba Camovarda. Sahnavazi demetre guriels daukavSirda da dadianis winaaRmdeg wamovida. Sahnavazs miemxrnen zemo imerelnic. maT mokles beJan RoRoberiZe da qarTlis mefe TavisTan miiwvies. saCxeresTan mdgarma vamiy dadianma veRar gabeda winaaRmdegobis gaweva da odiSSi gadavida. Sanhavazs miemxro leCxumis Tavi lasxiSvili xosiac. qarTlis mefem daikava sveris cixe da kacxi. am dros Cabarda Sahnavazs skandis cixeSi myofi Teimuraz I. Sahnavazma quTaisic aiRo da cixeSi Seketili mefe bagrat IV gamoiyvana. amis Semdeg qarTlis mefe odiSSi gadavida. aiRo cixe-simagreebi, Seipyro WaqviTis cixeSi Sexiznuli vamiyis col-Svili. samegrelos mTavrad levan II dadianis ZmiSvili Samadavle dasva, romelmac biZis sapativcemulod levani dairqva. qarTlis mefem axal mTavars Tavisi Zmiswuli, silamaziT ganTqmuli Tamari miaTxova colad. es ukanaskneli Semdgom xanebSi qarTveli mefe-mTavrebis cilobis sagani gaxda da 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi xelidan xelSi gadadioda. Sahnavazs morCileba gamoucxada afxazeTis mTavarma ServaSiZemac, xolo svaneTSi Sexiznuli vamey dadiani xosia lasxiSvilis SeCeniT, qarTlis mefis momxreebma mokles. Sahnavazi quTaisSi dabrunda da iq Tavisi 14 wlis vaJi arCili gaamefa (1661 weli) (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 836-837). rogorc Cans, am faqts daeswro genaTeli abraami.

arCilis gamefebis Semdeg Sahnavazi imereTidan qarTlSi dabrunda da usinaTlo bagrati Tan waiyvana.

117

arCils imereTSi didi xani ar umefia. adgilobriv didebulTa nawils ar moswonda Sahnavazis imereTSi gabatoneba da axalcixis faSas Txoves daxmareba arCilis imereTidan gasadevnad. axalcixis faSam es yovelive sulTans acnoba.

1639 wlis iran-osmaleTis zavis mixedviT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo iranis, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelo osmaleTis vasalad iyo aRiarebuli. vaxtangis dasavleT saqarTveloSi gabatoneba osmaleTma iranis Tavis saqmeebSi Carevad miiCnia da kategoriulad mosTxova irans arCilis ukan gawveva (narkvevebi 1973b: 346). vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT: ̀ yeenma mouwera~ vaxtangs (Sahnavazs) rom waeyvana imereTidan Tavisi Ze arCili. xolo imerlebma mas mefe bagratis dabruneba Txoves (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 837). vaxtang V iZulebuli gaxda brZaneba Seesrulebina. 1663 wels man arCili wamoiyvana da imereTSi mefed bagrati daabruna.

erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT, bagratis imereTSi dabrunebis iniciatorTa Soris genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZec yofila. :qks (qoronikonsa) :tmჱ: (1660) Tvesa marts :d: (4) mefe aleqsandre miicvala – amave welsa da amave Tvesa mis wil Ze misi bagrat mefe iqmna – da masve welsa, Tvesa ivlissa uRalata dedinacvalman da zogma misma orgulma ymebma, daiWires da Tvali dawues sams weliwads imereTi oxer da umkvidro iqna: zogjer dadians eWira, zogjer yizilbaSTagan, zogjer urumTagan da erTs wels gurielic mefobda. eseTi usazomo Wiri iqna amisis daSavebiTa da :g: (3) weliwads (1663) kaTalikozman CxetiZem svimeon da misma Zmam saxlisuxucesman sexniam da genaTelman lorTqifaniZem gedeon didis cdiTa moiyvanes da gaabatones (igulisxmeba bagrat IV) Tvesa ivlissa ocdaeqvssa” (Jordania 1897: 477).

mefe arCilis winaaRmdeg mowyobili SeTqmulebis organizatorTa Soris genaTel episkoposs asaxelebs frangi mogzauri Jan Sardenic, romelic 1672–73 wlebSi saqarTveloSi imyofeboda. misi TqmiT, `SeTqmulebis sulis Camdgmelebi iyvnen mefis karis veziri da episkoposi

118

genaTeli~ (Sardeni 1975: 241). dasavleT saqarTveloSi areuloba ar cxreboda. levan

III dadianma ar cno bagrati imereTis mefed da 1663 wels masze gamoilaSqra. bagratma daamarcxa dadiani da daatyveva kidec (metreveli 2012: 19). vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, bagratma datyvevebul dadians waarTva coli - Tamari da TviTon SeirTo. xolo Tamaris da TiTia, romelic colad esva, ganagdo. levans colad Tavisi da, goSaZis nacolari TinaTini SerTo: ̀ romelsa eseve dadiani levanca Seswamoda, reca mruSebad mis qalisa Tana~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 837). levan dadiani dedofal TinaTinTan erTad odiSSi gaistumres.

antioqiis patriarqis makariosis mtkicebiT, romelic 1664–65 wlebSi saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, dedofali Tamaris levan III dadianTan gacileba da misi mefe bagratze daqorwineba, agreTve dadianisTvis mefis dis TinaTinis colad SerTva, imereli Tavkacebis da kerZod afxazeTis kaTalikosis svimonis iniciativiT moxda, raTa mefe-mTavars Soris dapirispireba aRar gagrZelebuliyo (asaTiani 1973: 50). rogorc Semdgomma movlenebma cxadyo, am „originalurma gegmam“ ar gaamarTla.

p. cxviloelis TqmiT, levan III dadians mefe bagrat IV-m genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZis rCeviT waarTva coli (karbelaSvili 1892: 11). am faqtis Sesaxeb analogiur cnobas gvawvdis Jan Sardeni. misi TqmiT, mefe bagrats Tamaris colad SerTva genaTelma episkoposma STaagona. Tumca Sardeni genaTeli episkoposis saxels ar axsenebs: `episkoposma genaTelma romelic imereTSi metad RirSesaniSnavi pirovnebaa, igi (Tamari b. g.) pirvelive naxvisTanave usazRvrod Seiyvara. igi mdidaria (saubaria genaTel episkopossze b. g.). man Zvirfasi saCuqrebi miarTva mas (Tamars) da ise aSkarad, TiTqos is misi coli iyos. eSmakoba, romelsac am episkoposma mimarTa, raTa es mzeTunaxavi tyve gaeCerebina imereTSi, metad iSviaTi da gonebamaxviluria. man es dedofali, mis silamazeze ostaturi TxrobiT Seayvara sabralo usinaTlo mefes,

119

bagrats, da rodesac bagrats siyvarulis cecxli moedo, SesTavaza misi SerTva: _ Tqveno udidebulesobav! _ uTxra man. _ Tqven dakargeT meuRle, axalcixis faSam waiyvana igi (saubaria qeTevanze) da RmerTma icis ra mouvida mas: Tqveni daniSnuli, saqarTvelos mefisnacvlis Zmiswuli, jer kidev bavSvia, rodis SeirTavT Tqven mas sinamdvileSi? dae, Tqvenma udidebulesobam SeirTos samegrelos dedofali, is xom da aris im qalisa, romelic Tqven, Tqveni TanxmobiT daginiSnes, da mkvidri biZaSvili imisa, romelic Turqebma mogtaces. garda amisa, igi ulamazesia. WkuiT da silamaziT mis msgavs qals Tqven verasodes SeirTavT. mefem gulubryvilod miiRo misi rCeva; ar daeWvebula, rom igi Tavis mrCevlis saqmes ufro akeTebda, vidre Tavisas. dedofalmac gulRiad misca Tavisi xeli~ (Sardeni 1975: 244).

Znelia imis Tqma, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba sinamdviles Sardenis es cnoba, magram XVII saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gamoricxuli araferia. samwuxarod, imxanad erSi arsebuli zneobrivi sisustis gamovlinebebi, sasuliero pirebis moqmedebebSic aisaxa.

beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: `xolo mun ufrosad da umetesad ganmravlda da gardaemata codva igi vidre dReisamde... rameTu TviT mun – myofni mRdelT-mTavarnica da samRdeloTaganni Seirinnes borotiTa miT seniTa, rameTu ara iyo pirvel levan dadiansa da aleqsandresa, amaTTa JamTa Sina Semovida warsawymedelad sulTa maTTa, rameTu ese esreTi qmna...~ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 428).

XVII s-is 60-ian wlebSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio wesebis Tu qristianuli eTikisa da cxovrebis normebis darRvevebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia antioqiis patriarqis makariosis aRwerilobaSic. saqarTveloSi Camosuli makariosi ibrZoda aRniSnuli darRvevebis winaaRmdeg. am Temebze sasaubrod is xSirad xvdeboda afxazeTis kaTalikos svimons. antioqiis patriarqs dausjia damnaSave maRali saeklesio pirebi (antioqieli patriarqebi qarTul eklesias da gansakuTrebiT afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis

120

samwysod Tvlidnen da cdilobdnen gavlena hqonodaT masze. aseTi mcdeloba antioqiel patriarqebs VIII, XI da XV saukuneebSic hqondaT) da gaulaSqria imxanad gavrcelebuli tyvis syidvis winaaRmdeg. makariosi cdilobda Seerigebina imereTis mefe bagrat IV da levan III dadiani (asaTiani 1973: 22), magram misma cdebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo.

davubrundeT Sardenis cnobas. Sardeni gansxvavebiT p. cxviloelisagan, genaTeli episkoposis saxels ar axsenebs. imxanad, rodesac aRniSnuli movlenebi xdeboda da romelzedac Sardeni saubrobs (1663 w), gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra gedeon lorTqifaniZes eWira. swored gedeoni unda yofiliyo Sardenis mier naxsenebi genaTeli episkoposi, romelmac sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare, mefe bagrat IV-s samegrelos dedoflis Tamaris SerTva urCia colad. am faqts p. cxviloelis zemoT moyvanili cnobac adasturebs. gedeon genaTelisa da dedofali Tamaris „romani“ wlebis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelebula, rasac Sardenis Semdgomi cnobebi cxadyofs. Sardeni saqarTveloSi 1672 wlis seqtemberSi Camovida. 1673 wlis ianvris dasawyisi imereTSi gaatara. am periodSi estumra igi genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZes, romelic CxarSi imyofeboda dedofal TamarTan erTad. Sardeni dedoflisa da genaTeli episkoposis mijnurobis mowme gaxda. misi gadmocemiT: `episkoposma genaTelma lamis TvalebiT SeWamos igi (saubaria dedofal Tamarze). mruSuli siyvaruli arasodes yofila ase gamJRavnebuli da aseTi TavSeukavebeli. sakmarisia erTxel SexedoT am mijnurebs, rom mixvdeT, Tu ra urTierTobaSic arian isini erTmaneTTan~ (Sardeni 1975: 285).

gedeon lorTqifaniZe qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime viTarebis Jams aqtiurad iyo CarTuli saero sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi, magram paralelurad Tavis samwysos zrunvas ar aklebda. gelaTis saepiskopososTvis yidulobda mitovebul adgil-mamulebs da asaxlebda glexebs. 1664 wlis Sewirulebis sigelSi gedeon genaTeli aRniSnavs: `...mosavman da msasoebelman Zisa da saxisa Tqven... (lorTqifa) niZeman genaTel nikoloz wmidelma gedeon sakuTarqmnili mamuli

121

Seni... esreTs iwroebasa, oxrebasa da mw(uxarebasa iyo b. g.) oTxsa xuTs weliwads rome... eseTi SfoTi da urva mas aqeT... (aravis) (s)menoda da bZanebiTa TqveniTa... taZarsa Tquensa mo(sayd)er veqmen da eseTi cda da RonisZieba vqeniT, rome erTs monasa da megobarsac ara ejera ymasa Tqvensa da arca rame daklebuli iqmna mamulis mis TqvenTvis Semowirulisa. mas aqaT moxedva hyo RTn (RmerTman) wyalobisa TvaliTa imereTsa zeda da mkvidri patroni viSovneT da qveyanam dawynareba da damSvideba daiwyes. mas aqaT viguleT da vigulismodgineT dabZanebiTa mefeT mefisa patronisa bagratisaTa da dedofalT dedoflisa qarTvelT mefis asulisa patronisa TamarisaTa kacia kuWaiZisagan maWotouri viyideT argveTs, Zveli cixe iyo da aRSeneba dauwyeT da glexebs dasaxleba: da sazRvari amis muxuris mTamdis skandurs daRma, skandis Saras SemoRma aqeT TxilTa wyaros Relemdis da iqiT skandis Relemdis. am Svazed rac miwa adgilia, yvela ukleblad da xelSeuvalad viyide, aras kacs amaSid RmerTman uwyis ara naZaladevi da ara nausamarTlevi ara urevia ra, Cemis alalis TeTriT miyidia... daiwera wigni ese qksa (qoronikonsa) :t. n. b: (1664) xeliTa friad codvilisa mRdlisa TeodosisaTa.~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 1534. kakabaZe 1921a: 69).

imereTSi simSvidem ver daisadgura. 1666 wels mefe bagrats ganudga saxlTuxucesi sexnia CxeiZe, moiyvana osmalni da quTaisis cixeSi Caayena. 1667 wels beJan lorTqifaniZem osmaluri garnizoni amowyvita, cixe daibruna da mefe bagrats Caabara (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 838).

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, tyveobaSi myof dedofal darejans, axalcixis faSasTvis imereTSi gamefebis sanacvlod oci aTasi marCilis gadaxda aRuTqvams. radgan darejans vercxli ar hqonda, Zmiswuli qeTevani dauwindavs. qeTevani Sahnavazma daixsna da Tavis vaJze daaqorwina. xolo faSam rodesac dapirebuli Tanxa miiRo, 1668 wels wamoiyvana axalcixidan dedofali darejani meuRlesTan erTad da imereTSi gaabatona. mefe bagrati qarTlSi gaixizna

122

SahnavazTan. osmalebma daarbies imereTi da Semusres eklesia-monastrebi: „dasues darejan da vaxtang mefed da warvida faSa alafiTa savse axalcixes“ (batoniSvili vaxuSti: 839).

parizis qronikis mixedviT, darejanis imereTSi gabatonebis Semdeg, bagrati leCxumSi gaixizna (parizis qronika 1980: 115). Sardenis cnobiT, bagrati dedofal TamarTan erTad raWis cixe-simagres Seefara (Sardeni 1975: 246). TviT mefe bagrati ruseTis mefis aleqsi mixailis Zisadmi miweril werilSi aRniSnavda, rom „osmalebTan SebrZoleba ar SegveZlo, lixT-imereTi davtoveT da raWa-leCxumSi gavmagrdiTo“ (Броссе 1861: 84). vfiqrobT, es cnobebi ufro Seesabameba sinamdviles. bagrati ara qarTlSi, aramed raWa-leCxumSi unda gaxiznuliyo.

zemoT moyvanili movlenebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs gedeon genaTelic „qoronikonsa: t. n. v: (1668) dedofalman nestan-darejan Camoiyvana urumisa laSqari da mravali avi qna da mravali sofeli waxda da kideca SimSiloba iqna. im welsa me genaTelma gedeon xidi avaSene WiSuraze da sulis Cemis saoxad, da vinac Sendoba brZanoT, RmerTma Tqvenca Segindes: amin: q. meoresa welsa (e. i. 1669 w.) gelaTs wyal-wiTelzed vaSenebdi xidsa da ar damacales raWvelebma, Tvara gaTavebas upirobdi. ima welsa aRdgoma aprilsa TerTmetsa iyo“ (Jordania 1897: 485). genaTeli gedeoni ar akonkretebs, ratom SeuSales xeli raWvelebma wyalwiTelaze xidis mSeneblobaSi.

imereTSi darejanisa da vaxtangis batonoba arc amjerad gagrZelebula didxans. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT: „maSin darejans da vaxtangs hyvnes sandod Tvisad laSxisSvili xosia Tavi leCxumisa, da scxo mironica darejan xosias, da ganagebdnen imereTsa. Semdgomad Seizraxnen imerni, gardmoibires xosia da SeuCines darejans da quTaTiss cixesa Sina, aRmkazmeli Tavisa Tvisisa dilasa darejan dedofali mohkla SubiTa xosiam. xolo imerTa asparezsa zeda mimomTxveli vaxtangca mohkles. moiyvanes gurieli demetre da dasues mefed, qoronikonsa :Cqჲჱ:“ (1668)

123

(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 839). imerlebma arc demetre gurielis mefoba isurves, Seipyres, „aRmoxadnes Tvalni“ da imereTidan gaaZeves. Sahnavazs sTxoves imereTSi bagratis dabruneba. 1668 wels imereTSi kvlav bagrati gamefda (iqve).

„parizis qronikaSi“ aRniSnuli ambavi sxvagvarad aris gadmocemuli. am qronikis mixedviT, dedofal darejanis winaaRmdeg sexnia CxeiZem da xosia axvledianma „piroba Sekres.“ dedofalma es ambavi Seityo da SeTqmulebi TavisTan ixmo. xosia axvledianma dedofals erTguleba Sehfica, dedofali am fics miendo: „dedofali quTaTis gar idga, meores dRes xora (xosia?) axvlediani, sexnia CxeiZe SuadRes ukan Sevidnen sofron genaTeli da dedofali imaTi mimdegi vezirobdnen, jer sofron genaTelsa hkres Subi da gaiyvanes da dasWres lekuriTa, dedofals guls Tofi hkres da orma imisma mxlebelT moitaces, cixisaken waiyvanes, kinkilT mahmadi faSa da cixis TaTrebi modgomili hyvandaT, axvledians da sexnia CxeiZes mxlebeli da saqoneli cixeSi iyo, dedoflisa cixis karTan rom mivida im dros Subi misces da mokles dedofali, WuWunaSvils vaxtangs Tavi gaagdebines, saqoneli da mxlebeli aiforaqes... dedofali quTaTis yovladwmidis dekanozma wmidis karisbWeSi damarxa... mereme dedofali weliwadzeda moiRes, gelaTs damarxes, bagrat TavianTis memkvidre batonisSvili gaabatones cotaxans ukan“ (parizis qronika 1980: 116).

sofron genaTels ixseniebs p. cxviloelic, Tumca igi gansxvavebiT „parizis qronikisa,“ sofronis genaTlobas 1529-1544 wlebiT sazRvravs da aRniSnavs, rom roca: „bagrat mefem lixT imeri sam saepiskoposod gahyo, genaTloba mas (sofrons b. g.) misca“ (karbelaSvili 1892: 11). Cven ar viciT, ra wyaroze dayrdnobiT gadmogvcems aRniSnul cnobas p. cxviloeli, magram faqtia, rom is sinamdviles ar Seesabameba da amas Cvens mier zemoT moyvanili dokumentebi cxadyofen, romlis ganxilvasac aq aRar SeudgebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom p. cxviloelis mier Sedgenil genaTel episkoposTa qronologiur rigSi, sxva

124

mravali uzustobacaa dafiqsirebuli. Cven viciT, rom 1668 wels, rodesac dedofal darejanis

mkvleloba moxda, gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra gedeon lorTqifaniZes ekava, rasac adasturebs mis mier imave wels gacemuli sigeli, (aRniSnuli sigeli zemoT davimowmeT). vfiqrobT, „parizis qronikaSi“ genaTeli episkoposis saxeli – sofroni, SecdomiT aris moxseniebuli gedeonis nacvlad. es Secdoma gaimeora p. cxviloelmac da Tavis mxriv kidev erTi Secdoma daumata, rodesac sofronis genaTlobis wlebi gansazRvra. Tumca p. cxviloelis cnobaSi aris erTi sagulisxmo faqti, sadac aRniSnulia, rom: „ese sofron dedofals Tanaeyofoda“-o (karbelaSvili 1892: 11). p. cxviloeli dedoflis saxels ar axsenebs. am cnobas Tu gedeon genaTelisa da dedofal Tamaris mijnurobas davukavSirebT, romelzedac Sardeni saubrobs, Cveni varaudi ufro sarwmuno gaxdeba „parizis qronikaSi“ naxseneb sofron genaTelisa da gedeon genaTelis identurobis Sesaxeb. Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seesabameba sinamdviles „parizis qronikaSi“ aRwerili ambavi, romelic genaTelis daWras Seexeba, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom dedofalTan myofi genaTeli episkoposi Tavadac SeTqmulebis msxverpli gamxdariyo.

dedofal darejanis mkvlelobis ambavs gadmogvcems Jan Sardenic, magram am SemTxvevaSi igi genaTel episkoposs ar axsenebs. frangi mogzauris TqmiT, xosia lasxiSvilis mkvlelma, saxelad xosiam, SeZlo dedoflis darwmuneba mis erTgulebaSi, raWis cixe-simagreSi Sexiznul bagrats ki farulad Seatyobina: imereTSi Camodi da dedofals an mkvdars an cocxals Cagabarebo. xosiam RalatiT moakvlevina darejan dedofali. misi meuRle vaxtang WuWuniasSvili ki xelfexSekSekruli mihgvares bagrat IV-s. „bagratma rogorc ki SeigrZno misi (vaxtangis) miaxloveba, uTxra: _ moRalatev! Sen Tvalebi damTxare, me ki guls amogglej! _ Tqva Tu ara es, brZana axlos mieyvanaT am ubedurTan da xelis kankaliT ramdenjerme xanjali Casca“ (Sardeni 1975: 246).

125

„parizis qronikis“ da Sardenis cnobebi erTmaneTs emTxveva im sakiTxSi, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobisgan gansxvavebiT, dedofali darejani ara xosia lasxiSvilma, aramed xosia axvledianma mokla. bagrat IV-is imereTSi dabruneba ki leCxumis Tavis sardal dimitris meSveobiT moxda. unda aRiniSnos, rom 1669 wlis axlo xanebSi Sedgenil dokumentSi – „ganCineba cageris taZrisa da lexanelTa mamulis saqmeze,“ leCxumis Tavad xosia axvlediani ixsenieba (q.s.Z. 1972: 124).

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, 1669 wels bagratis imereTSi dabrunebis Semdeg, saxlTuxucesma sexnia CxeiZem quTaisis cixe kvlav osmalebs gadasca, romlebic iqidan moyolebuli TiTqmis asi wlis ganmavlobaSi flobdnen imereTis sataxto qalaqs.

mefe bagratma osmaluri agresiis SesaCereblad daxmareba ruseTis mefes aleqsi mixeilis Zes sTxova da 1668 wels ruseTSi elCoba gagzavna. bagrats aleqsi mixeilis ZesTan pirveli elCoba 1667 wels hyavda gagzavnili dimitri (ezekieli) areSiZis xelmZRvanelobiT. am dros imereTSi morigi gadatrialeba moxda da samefo taxti darejanma daikava, romelmac moskovSi elCobis gagzavnac moaswro. Tumca ruseTidan mobrunebul dimitri ezekiels samefo taxtze kvlav bagrati daxvda. imxanad ruseTSi imyofeboda darejanis ZmiSvili erekle (igi nikolozadac iwodeboda) batoniSvili, romelic ruseTis samefo kars imereTSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb cnobebs awvdida.

darejanis mier ruseTSi elCebis gagzavnam, rogorc Cans, imereTis mTavrobis mxriv moskovSi axali elCobis gagzavna ganapiroba. saWirod miiCnies aleqsi mixeilis ZisaTvis droulad SeetyobinebinaT, rom imereTSi kanonieri memkvidre ijda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda ruseTs darejanisTvis angariSi gaewia da ereklesaTvis Seewyo xeli saqarTveloSi Camosasvlelad (tivaZe 1977: 123). rodesac erekle batoniSvili darwmunda, rom kaxeTis dasabruneblad ruseTi jariT ar daexmareboda da Tavisi ZalebiT ki mizans ver miaRwia, XVII s-is 60-iani wlebis

126

miwuruls imereTSi gamefebas Seecada (tivaZe 1977: 124). erekle batoniSvili bagrat IV-is mowinaaRmdege iyo, amitom moskovSi Casul imereTis elCobas xels uSlida diplomatiuri molaparakebebis warmoebaSi.

bagratis mier gagzavnili elCoba 1669 wlis 23 noembers moskovs ewvia. elCoba 26 kacisgan Sedgeboda. maT Soris iyvnen mitropoliti evdemoni, zogierTi wyaroebiT gedeoni, dimitri _ ezekieli areSiZe, daviT grigorievi da sxvani (iqve, 123).

mefe bagrati ruseTis mefis aleqsi mixeilis Zisadmi miweril werilSi, gagzavnili elCobis xelmZRvanelad mitropolit evdemons asaxelebs: „bedniers xelmwifes Cveni elCi exmo da Cveni karis winamdgomi mitropoliti evdemon da isev dimitri ezekeli areSiZe, Tilmaji mole gocaZe, zindari jafariZe da mejinibexucesi buaZe... gviaxlebia“ (Броссе 1861: 85). rusul wyaroebSi ki mitropoliti evdemoni _ gedeonad aris moxseniebuli: „7178 го (1669) ноября 23 дня приехали в Москву имеретинские земли митрополит Гедеон (он же Иевдемий) да имеретинского Баграта царя посол Дмитрий Езекилеев....“ (paiWaZe 1970: 161).

mitropoliti evdemoni genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZed miiCnia T. tivaZem (tivaZe 1977: 123). bagratis mier 1669 wels ruseTSi Casuli elCobis xelmZRvanelad gedeon lorTqifaniZes asaxelebs b. lominaZec (b. lominaZe: 1955 47). Cans, b. lominaZe eyrdnoboda p. cxviloelis cnobas, romlis mixedviT genaTeli gedeoni: „wargzavnil iqmna mefe bagratisagan moskovSi despanad oqmiT ruseTis mefesTan 1669 w. am dros aq iyo batoniSvili nikolooz (nazaralixani), momxre bagratis dedinacvlisa darejanisa (dedidisa Tu mamidisa), anu mowinaaRmdege bagratisa da misi despanis gedeonisa. amasa hkiTxes viTareba bagratis da darejanis Soris SfoTisa, da sruli simarTle uambo rusT mTavrobasa, e. i. umankoeba Tval-damwvaris bagratisa da boroteba darejanisa, mefe aleqsandres qvrivisa. amasaTvis nikolozi gadaekida gedeons da imdeni abezRa ruseTis mTavrobasTan,

127

rom gedeoni daapatimrebina 1672 w. dekemberSi kiriles monasterSi, sadac 3 weliwadi itanjeboda sacodavi. mxolod dedoflis elenes (nikolozis dedis) TxovniT gaanTavisufles gedeoni 1676 w. sektemberSi da mobrunda samSobloSi. gedeonis despanobis Sesasruleblad bagratma Tan daadevna evdemos Wyondideli (karbelaSvili 1892: 11). unda aRiniSnos, rom evdemos Wyondideli ar fiqsirdeba mefe bagratis mier ruseTis mefisadmi miweril werilSi, sadac imereTis elCobis wevrebia moxseniebuli (Бросее: 1861: 85).

g. mWedliZis azriT, imereTis elCobis xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti evdemoni, romelic rusul wyaroebSi gedeonad ixsenieba, ar aris genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZe. aRniSnul avtors Tavisi mosazrebis dasadastureblad moyavs fragmenti g. paiWaZis mier gamoqveynebuli dokumentidan, sadac naTqvamia: „И послан он митрополит квеликому государю от Баграта царя а не от боярина ево от князя Дмитрея. А имя де ему митрополиту Евдемий. А как де его в Астрахани написали в подоржной Гедеоном, и он тем имя не мучал писатся. А назывался де он в Астрахани Евдемием же, а не гедеоном. А для чего Гедеоном его написали, того неведает“ (mWedliZe...2008 182. paiWaZe 1970: 165).

g. mWedliZes aRniSnuli aqvs is faqtic, rom bagrat IV-is mier aleqsi mixeilis Zisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelic m. broses mier iqna gamoqveynebuli, afxazeTis kaTalikos efTvimisa da quTaTeli mitropoliti svimonis Semdeg, gelaTis episkoposad gedeonia moxseniebuli: „didisa daviT aRmaSeneblisa didis saydris gaenaTisa gaenaTel mitropoliti gedevan....“ (Броссе 1861: 82). xolo imave werilSi mefe, moskovSi gagzavnil elCad mitropolit evdemons ixseniebs: „bedniers xelmwifes Cveni elCi exmo da Cveni karis winamdgomi mitropoliti evdemon... gviaxlebia“ (iqve, 85). aqedan gamomdinare g. mWedliZe marTebulad askvnis, rom ar SeiZleba bagrat IV-s da samefo kars, romelmac Seadgina moskovSi mefis saxelze gasagzavni werili, ar

128

scodnodaT sakuTari elCis saxeli da arasworad CaeweraT saelCos Semadgenloba (mWedliZe... 2008: 183). aRniSnuli faqtebidan gamomdinare miCneulia, rom ruseTSi elCad mivlinebuli mitropoliti evdemoni ara genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZe, aramed nikorwmindeli episkoposi evdemonia, romelic ruseTSi gamgzavrebamde mitropolitadD aamaRles, xolo evdemonis saqarTveloSi aryofnis dros, 1669-1673 ww: nikorwmindis kaTedra gedeon lorTqifaniZes SeuTavses da amitom iwodeba gedeoni genaTel-nikorwmindelad. 1677 wels samSobloSi dabrunebul evdemons, nikorwmindeloba daubrunes, gedeoni ki genaTelad darCa (mWedliZe... 2008: 184).

es mosazreba sizustes moklebulia. 1). gedeon lorTqifaniZe genaTel-nikorwmindelad ixsenieba 1664 wlis dokumentSi, romelic zemoT moviyvaneT. Semdgomi xanis sabuTebSi is mxolod genaTelad Cans. mas 1669 wlisaTvis nikorwmindis kaTedra aRar eWira, rac dasturdeba bagrat IV-is mier 1669 wels ruseTis mefisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, sadac nikorwmindel episkoposad daviTia moxseniebuli (Броссе 1861: 82). rac Seexeba mitropolit evdemons, aseTi saxelis mqone nikorwmindeli episkoposi arc 1669 wlamde da arc 1677 wlis Semdeg arsebul sabuTebSi ar fiqsirdeba.

2). g. mWedliZis mtkicebiT, gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1669 wels ruseTSi ar gamgzavrebula, is imereTSi imyofeboda da 1682 wlamde gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda (mWedliZe... 2008: 184), rac agreTve ar Seesabameba simarTles. gedeon lorTqifaniZes 1663 wlidan 1682 wlamde uwyvetad gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra ar sWeria, radgan 1673 wlis sabuTSi, genaTelad daviT nemsaZe ixsenieba (burjanaZe 1958: 38), mis Semdeg ki genaTeli episkoposi grigoli gaxda, (am sakiTxebze qvemoT SevCerdebiT). g. mWedliZe daviT nemsaZis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweobis periods 1657-1664 wlebSi varaudobs, rac agreTve ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. 1678 wlis sabuTSi genaTelad kvlav gedeon lorTqifaniZe Cans (kakabaZe 1921a: 77). Cndeba kiTxva: sad iyo gedeon

129

lorTqifaniZe 1673 wlidan 1678 wlamde? an vin iyo wasuli ruseTSi elCad, Tu ara gedeon lorTqifaniZe?

bunebrivia, eWvs badebs mefe bagratis mier elCad moxseniebuli samefo karis winamdgomi mitropoliti evdemonis genaTel gedeon lorTqifaniZesTan gaigiveba. am eWvs aZlierebs is faqtic, rom 1668 wlis martSi ruseTidan gamostumrebuli mefe bagrat IV-is elCi dimitri ezekieli, imave wlis (1668) dekemberSi axali misiiT isev Tergze iyo (tivaZe 1977: 123). dimitri ezekielTan erTad Tergze imyofeboda mitropoliti evdemoni da delegaciis sxva wevrebic, sul 26 kaci. amrigad, bagrat IV-is elCoba imereTidan 1668 wlis Semodgomaze gamgzavrebula. zemo damowmebul dokumentSi ki, sadac genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1668 wels WiSuraze xidis aSenebis Sesaxeb saubrobs, dasZens, rom: „meoresa welsa (e. i. 1669 wels b. g.) gelaTs wyal-wiTelazed vaSenebdi xidsa da ar damacales raWvelebma, Tvara gaTavebas upirobdi im wels aRdgoma aprilsa TerTmetsa iyo~ (Jordania 1897: 485). am cnobidan Cans, rom genaTeli gedeoni 1669 wels gelaTSi imyofeboda, Sesabamisad is ver iqneboda im elCobis wevri, romelic 1668 wlis Semodgomaze ruseTSi gaemgzavra. amgvarad, p. cxviloelis cnoba 1669-1676 wlebSi genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZis ruseTSi elCobis Sesaxeb (karbelaSvili 1892: 11), sinamdviles ar Seesabameba.

mefe bagrat IV-is mier 1668 wels ruseTSi gagzavnili elCobis saqmianobaze, amJamad muSaobs T. jojua, romlis gamokvleviT ruseTSi mivlinebuli elCi mitropoliti evdemoni, ara gedeon lorTqifaniZe, aramed evdemon inasariZea, romelsac mitropolitoba ruseTSi gamgzavrebamde mcire xniT adre uboZes.

gasarkvevi rCeba erTi sakiTxi, sad imyofeboda gedeon lorTqifaniZe XVII saukunis 70-iani wlebis garkveul monakveTSi, rodesac gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra daviT nemsaZesa da Semdeg grigols ekava.

xonis eklesiis vercxliT moWedil wminda giorgis xatze Sesrulebulia asomTavruli warwera, sadac xoneli

130

mTavarepiskoposi gedeonia moxseniebuli: „Cven xonel mTavarepiskopozman gedeon xati ese wmidis giorgis pirvelad damwvari iyo da Cven movaWedineT, raTa gveqmnes meox aqac da mermisa mas saukunesa amin“ (TayaiSvili 1913-14: 277). warwera uTariRoa. eqvTime TayaiSvilma es wminda giorgis xati Tavisi warweriT XVII saukunes miakuTvna. Cveni varaudiT, aRniSnul warweraSi moxseniebuli xoneli mTavarepiskoposi gedeoni, gedeon lorTqifaniZe unda iyos, romelmac 1673 wels garkveuli periodi gelaTidan xonSi gadainacvla da xoneli episkoposis pativi miiRo, 1678 wels ki is gelaTSi dabrunda da kvlav gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra daikava. ra mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli gedeon lorTqifaniZis gelaTidan xonSi gadasvla da Semdeg ukan dabruneba, jerjerobiT daudgenelia. faqtia, rom is 1673–1678 wlebs Soris gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras ar ganagebda.

davubrundeT XVII s-is 70-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebs. am droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi SinaaSliloba grZeldeboda. levan III dadiani ver urigdeboda mefe bagratisagan colis warTmevis faqts. vaxuSti batoniSvilis sityviT: „...garna kualad ara dascxra dadiani, rameTu Suri aqunda colisa Tvisisa TamarisaTvis, romeli iyo friad kekluci da aRmatebuli siSuenieriTa sruli umetesad...“ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 840). 1671 wels dadiani Tavs daesxa bagrats, brZola kvlav bagratis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. dadiani Seipyres da mefes mihgvares. mefem urCi mTavari erTgulebaze daafica da gauSva (iqve).

dadiansa da mefe bagrats TamarisaTvis brZolaSi axali konkurenti gamouCnda giorgi gurielis saxiT. vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT: „giorgi gurieli iyo kaci mxne, SemmarTebeli mSvildosani moaspareze rCeuli, uRmrTo, mesisxle da tyvismyidveli uwyalo... garna etrfiala colsa bagrat mefisasa Tamars, mcdelobda wagurasa da TviT SerTuasa da ver ewia. amisTvis evedra faSasa, raTa warguaros bagrat mefesa da misces mas da aRuTqua qrTami didi da Seasminaca orgulebasa zeda xonTqrisasa bagrat.

131

xolo faSam mahmadianobiTa da qrTamisaTvis arRara rai gamoikiTxa da warmoemarTa bagratsa zeda. ese scna CxeiZem rostom da auwya bagrat mefesa. maSinve bagrat waravlina Tamar coli Tvisi cixesa Sina kuaras da TviT Seikribna sruliad imerni, movida faSaca da gurieli misTana quTaTiss; ekueTa bagrat spiTa TvisiTa da iqmna brZola. garna ivltodnen imerni da bagrat uTualobiTa verRara ivltoda. Seipyres da moguares faSas Q qoronikonsa :Cqob:“ (1672) (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 840-841).

bagrati Seevedra axlcixis faSa aslans, rom misTvis mefoba SeenarCunebina da qrTamis micemac aRuTqva: „xolo faSaman ixila ra, rameTu ara Zal-edva Sovna Tamarisa da Semusrva kuaras cixisa, amisTvis miiRo mefisa da gurielisagan qrTami didi, misca imereTi bagratsve da bagrat qrTamisaTvis misca windad Ze Tvisi aleqsandre... xolo faSam wariyvana aleqsandre da warvida“ (iqve, 841).

am faqts sxvagvarad aRwers frangi vaWari da mogzauri Jan Sardeni, romelic 1672 wels imereTSi imyofeboda. Sardenis TqmiT: „faSa imereTSi Cavida, daipyro igi da wamoiyvana mefe bagrati. magram mis cols, dedofals, xeli ar axles. episkoposma genaTelma TxuTmeti aTasi ekiu misca faSas, raTa Tavisufleba moepovebina, dedofalTan erTad wasuliyo iq, sadac TviTon moisurvebda da Tavisi miwebi xeluxleblad SeenarCunebina“ (Sardeni 1975: 247).

Znelia Sardenis cnobas ar daeTanxmo, radgan is TviTmxilveli iyo im movlenebisa, romelic 1672 wels dasavleT saqarTveloSi xdeboda.

XVII saukunis II naxevarSi araerTxel aoxrda da gaiZarcva imereTi. gelaTis saepiskoposo, rogorc Cans, mainc inarCunebda ekonomikur siZlieres. im fonze, rodesac dacarielebuli iyo samefo xazina da mefe bagratma qrTamis nacvlad axalcixis faSas Tavisi Ze aleqsandre gaatana mZevlad, genaTel episkoposs SeeZlo sakuTari miwebis da piradi Tavisuflebis gadasarCenad, TxuTmeti aTasi ekiu gaeRo, romelic im periodisTvis soliduri Tanxa

132

iyo. Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, genaTelma gedeon lorTqifaniZem, sakuTari samwysos aoxrebas, FfaSasTan molaparakeba da Tanxis gadaxda arCia.

mravalmxrivi brZolebis Sedegad, imereTis samefo kari rom ukidures siRaribeSi iyo Cavardnili, Sardenis mier moTxrobili erT-erTi faqtidanac naTlad Cans.

„rva ianvars genaTelTan movida imereTis mefis mier TbilisSi gagzavnili aznauri, romelmac dedofals moaxsena, Tu ra warmatebiT Seasrula mefis davaleba. es aznauri gaegzavnaT rva aTasi ekius sasesxeblad, risTvisac giraod samefo gvirgvini gaetanebinaT. es aris Zvirfasi qvebiT moWedili oqros gvirgvini, romlis Rirebuleba, albaT, oTxi aTasi pistoli iqneboda. magram fulis sesxeba am giraoTi aravin moisurva. saqarTvelos mTavarma (saubaria Sahnavazze) Seityo Tu ara, rom imereTis mefe da dedofali gasaWirSi arian, maT saCuqrebi gaugzavna: mefes _ sami cxeni, iaraRi da aTasi ekiu fulad; dedofals _ oqronaqsovi da movercxlili farCa, atlasi, TavTa da xuTasi ekiu. saqarTvelos mTavari ase imitom moiqca, rom amiT surda ganemtkicebina maTi udidebulesobis gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, rom erT-erTi misi vaJiSvilTagani eSvilebinaT“ (Sardeni 1975: 286).

am faqtebis TviTmxilvelma Sardenma saqarTveloSi yofnis dros, Tavadac mravali gansacdeli gaiara. igi parizidan saqarTvelos gavliT ispahanSi miemgzavreboda da Tan Zvirfasi saiuveliro nawarmi mihqonda. frang vaWars dasaxuli gegmiT, saqarTvelo ramdenime dReSi unda gaevlo, magram samegrelosa da imereTSi datrialebuli movlenebis gamo eqvsi Tve mouwia aq gaCereba da Tavs mravali xifaTic gadaxda. igi madlierebiT ixseniebs genaTel episkoposs, romelmac gaWirvebis Jams mas ramdenjerme daxmareba gauwia da TavSesafaric misca imereTSi. genaTeli episkoposi, romelsac Sardeni ixseniebs, rogorc aRvniSneT, gedeon lorTqifaniZe iyo.

1672 wlis 31 dekembers Sardeni Tbilisidan quTaisSi Cavida da Rame gaaTia genaTelis saxlSi, mwvaneyvavilaze. misi

133

TqmiT, genaTeli imJamad Sin ar imyofeboda, magram msaxurebma kargad miiRes. 1673 wlis 1 ianvars Sardens genaTeli gedeonis saxlSi uTanxmoeba mouvida Tavis msaxurTan da iZulebuli gaxda gorel kapucin iustinesTan erTad CxarSi gadasuliyo, sadac genaTeli episkoposi Tavis sazafxulo rezidenciaSi imyofeboda. swored aq gaicno Sardenma genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZe da ulamazesi dedofali Tamari, romlis gamoc didi ciloba iyo atexili dasavleT saqarTveloSi. „5-Si (ianvars) episkoposma da dedofalma kaci gamogvigzavnes da TavisTan migviwvies. Cvenc veaxeliT da im dRes maTTan erTad visadileT; SemdegSiac xSirad davdiodiT da vsadilobdiT maTTan. es did pativiscemad ar iTvleba, radganac isini TavianTi umdablesi ymebisa da msaxurTa mimarTac ase iqcevian. rogorc ukve vTqvi, dedofali Zalian lamazia, magram misi saqcieli yvelafers abaTilebs. igi utifrobamde TavdauWerelia; iqceva da laparakobs usircxvilod, yovel SemTxvevaSi TavSeukaveblad“ (Sardeni 1975: 285). Sardenis mier dedofali Tamaris aseTi Sefaseba ar aris gasakviri, radgan iseTi biografiis mqone dedofali, rogoric Tamari iyo, zneobrivi RirebulebebiT ar iqneboda dajildovebuli.

rogorc aRvniSneT, 1673 wels gedeon lorTqifaniZem gelaTidan xonSi gadainacvla, gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra ki mcire xniT daviT nemsaZem daikava. igi amowmebs mefe bagratis mier qaixosro wereTlisadmi boZebul wyalobis wigns: „mowame da gamrige: genaTeli nemsaZe daviT, erisTavi SoSita, saxliT-uxucesi CijavaZe sazvereli da RoRaberiZe zal. daiwera wigni ese indiktionsa mefobisa Cvenisa qoronikons samas samocdaerTsa (1673) xeliTa Cvenis mdivan-mwignobris TavaqaraSvilis aslanisaTa“ (burjanaZe 1958: 38). daviT nemsaZe 1673 welsve afxazeTis kaTalikosi gaxda: „qoronikonsa :t. ჲ. a: (1673) ama qoronikonsa qristiane da RTismoyuare kzi (kaTalikozi) daviT nemsaZe kzad (kaTalikozad) dajda“ (Jordania 1897: 488). mogvianebiT man Semoqmedis episkoposobac SeiTavsa (qarTveliSvili 2006: 29).

134

gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra daviT nemsaZis Semdeg grigols unda daekavebina. kaTalikos daviT nemsaZisaTvis micemul ficis wignSi vkiTxulobT: „ese sabolaod gasaTavebeli fici, piri da wigni mogarTviT Tqven kaTalikozs baton daviTs Cven jaianman deismam ase da ama pirsa zedan rome Tqvensa da Cvens Sua samduravi saqme Camovarda da gviwyrebodiT: da movediT xorgas sasaxleSi da SemogexveweT garigebis saqmezed... arian amisi Suamavalni... Tavs: caiSeli maqsime, genaTeli grigoli, jolia xaxu, zebede...“ (x.e.c. fondi HD-11208. TayaiSvili 1920: 41). dokuments TariRi ar gaaCnia. masSi moxseniebuli caiSeli maqsime (cixisTaviSvili) savaraudod 1673-1700 wlebSi moRvaweobda (kalandia 2004: 469). e. TayaiSvili varaudobda, rom radgan daviT nemsaZe daaxloebiT kaTalikosaT iyo 1661-1680 wlebSi, es werilic amave dros unda ekuTvnodes (TayaiSvili 1920: 40). Cven viciT, rom daviT nemsaZes afxazeTis sakaTalikoso taxti 1673-1696 wlebSi ekava (metreveli 2010: 141). amitom aRniSnuli saficris wignis Seqmnis TariRi 1673–1696 wlebSia saZiebeli. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom 1678 wlidan gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze isev gedeon lorTqifaniZe Cans, xolo mis Semdeg XVII s-is 80-ian wlebSi nikoloz lorTqifaniZe da amave saukunis 90-ian wlebSi markoz laSxiSvili, gamodis, rom jaiani deismas saficris wigni, sadac genaTeli grigolia moxseniebuli, 1673-1678 wlebs Soris dawerila. amrigad, grigolis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweoba 1673-1678 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros. samwuxarod, grigol genaTelis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar gagvaCnia.

rogorc aRvniSneT, 1678 wlis sabuTSi genaTel episkoposad kvlav gedeon lorTqifaniZea moxseniebuli. es gaxlavT beJan yifianis saficris wigni: „ese saficari da piri mogarTvi me yifianma beJan Tqven genaTels batons gedaons, asre da ama pirsa zedan, rome niSani memarTa Tqveni da sxva vera giSoveT ra da maSina yifianisouli mogarTviT miwa sayana cxra Tavi asre. aras Zes kacisas am saqmezed xeli ar aqvs... me WiWinaZes mRrdels damiweria qoronikonsa samas samocdaeqvssa (1678) da ama

135

wignis dawerazed mTavarebiskopozi sayvareliZe svimon Tan dagveswra da mowameca aris...“ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-2149. kakabaZe 1921a: 78). g. mWedliZe varaudobs, rom sabuTSi moxseniebuli svimon sayvareliZe, genaTeli episkoposia da imxanad gelaTs ori mRvdelmTavari hyavda - erTi mitropoliti gedeon lorTqifaniZe da meore – mTavarepiskoposi svimon sayvareliZe (mWedliZe... 2008: 189). Cveni varaudiT, svimon sayvareliZe ara genaTeli, aramed xoneli episkoposi unda iyos.

gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1682 wels gardaicvala da dakrZalulia gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZris dasavleT minaSenSi. SemorCenilia gedeon lorTqifaniZis saflavis qva warweriT: „q. RmerTo Seiwyale genaTeli lorTqifaniZe gedeon vinca Sendoba brZanoT Tqvenc SegindoT RmerTman. amas winaTac papaCems xelmwifisagan wyalobad saflavi eSovna karSesavals. esenic da dedaCemica aq daemarxnen da aw ese ars, gansasvenebeli Cemi, amas davemkvidro ukunisamde, rameTu mTnavs ese, vinc kacis dasamarxvad es gaxsnas, Cemdamc muqafad ganikiTxvis meored mosvlas. qoronikonsa :tdi: (1682)“ (lominaZe 1955: 81).

gedeon lorTqifaniZis mwignobruli moRvaweobidan Semonaxulia mxolod erTi xelnaweri saxareba-samociqulo, romelic misi dakveTiT gadauweriaT (lominaZe 1997: 576).

gedeon lorTqifaniZis saflavis qva

136

gedeon lorTqifaniZis Semdeg gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra nikoloz lorTqifaniZem daikava. bagrat IV-is mier gelaTis monastrisaTvis gacemul Sewirulebis wigns axlavs bagratis Zis, mefe aleqsandre IV-s minaweri: „Cven, RuTiu gvirgvinosanman mefeT-mefeman aleqsandreman, papis Cvenis, aleqsandres (saubaria aleqsandre III-ze. b. g.) saflavi movikiTxeT. mamuli Seewira da garigeba ar dascaleboda. mokiTxuli vqeniT. Cvengan dasmuli genaTeli lorTqifaniZe nikoloz uCineT da ase gavarigebineT, rom cxra Semaxuri sanTeli, erTi Careqi sakmeveli yovels weliwads papisCvenis saflavis dekanozs miebarebodes...“ (burjanaZe 1958: 32).

aleqsandre IV vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT 1683 wels gamefda. 1690 wels is taxtidan Camoagdes da sulTnis brZanebiT arzrumis faSam imereTSi, Sahnavazis Svili arCili gaamefa. 1692 wels aleqsandrem taxti daibruna, magram didxans ar umefia. vaxuSti batoniSvilis SefasebiT „uRmerTo da tyvismyidveli“ mefe, arc misma meuRlem, giorgi abaSiZis qaliSvilma Tamarma da arc imereTis sazogadoebam ar isurva: „Seikribnen kaTalikozi, episkoposni, erisTavi papuna da sruliad warCinebulni imereTisani da moadgnen skandas myofsa aleqsandres, Seipyres da wargzavnes mRvimes, mere suers. Semdgomad misces giorgi mefesa (giorgi XI), miiyvanes ruiss, moaSTves da dafles munave eklesiasa Sina qs (qoronikonsa) :ClJe: (1695)“ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 857).

zemoT moyvanili dokumenti, sadac genaTeli nikoloz lorTqifaniZea moxseniebuli, 1683–1690 wlebSi unda iyos dawerili, (aleqsandre IV – is mefobis pirvel periodSi) radgan 1691 wlis sabuTSi, genaTlad ukve markoz laSxiSvili ixsenieba. aqedan gamomdinare, nikoloz lorTqifaniZis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweoba 1683–1691 wlebs Soris unda vivaraudoT.

1691 wlis wyalobis wignSi, genaTeli markoz laSxiSvili dekanoz svimons uwyalobebs maxara kldiaSvils: „...ese auarebeli, mtkice, Seucvalebeli wyalobis wigni SegiwyaleT

137

da giboZeT Cven, qristes mier kurTxeviT kurTxeulman genaTel mitropolitman laSxiSvilman markozman Sen, dekanozs svimons, Sens Svils giorgis, andrias, sxvaTa SenTa SvilTa da momavalTa. wyalobiT giboZe maxara kldiaSvili misi colSviliTa, risac mqonebeli iyos... daiwera wigni ese qoronikonsa samas samocdacxrametsa (1691)“ (x.e.c.fondi HD-7883. q. s. Z. 1970: 599).

markoz laSxiSvilis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar gagvaCnia. rogorc irkveva, mas gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra XVII s-is 90-ian wlebSi eWira.

markoz laSxiSvilis Semdeg genaTeli gaxda giorgi dadian-lipartianis vaJi _ gabrieli, romelmac Semdgom Wyondideloba da jumaTlobac SeiTavsa. T. qarTveliSvili mas gabriel Ciqvanad moixseniebs (qarTveliSvili 2006: 36). unda aRiniSnos, rom gabriel giorgis Zemde gacilebiT ufro adre, XVII s-is 60-70-ianwlebSi, Wyondidel episkoposad sxva gabriel Ciqvanic moRvaweobda (tuRuSi 1988: 228). amrigad, gabriel giorgis Ze lipartian-dadiani, gabriel II Wyondidelia.

giorgi IV gurieli da misi deda elene, gabriel TayaiSvils uboZeben sigels, romelsac adasturebs Wyondidel-genaTel-jumaTeli gabrieli (baqraZe 1987: 247). gabriel dadian-lipartiani Wyondidelad pirvelad 1701 wlis sabuTSi ixsenieba. 1714 wels beJan dadians is gadauyenebia Wyondidelobidan da mis nacvlad evdemon III RoRoberiZe dausvams (tuRuSi 1988: 229). T. qarTveliSvilis varaudiT, gabrielma WyondidelobasTan erTad jumaTlobac dakarga (qarTveliSvili 2006: 36).

ra periodSi iyo gabrieli genaTeli episkoposi? 1701-1714 wlebSi, rodesac gabriels Wyondidelis pativi hqonda, am dros gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra nikoloz genaTels eWira (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT) da cxadia gabrieli 1701_1714 wlebSi gelaTis episkoposobas ver SeiTavsebda. Cveni varaudiT, mas genaTloba mcire xniT, Wyondidlobaze adre unda mieRo. man savaraudod, XVII s-is 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi, gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze markoz

138

laSxiSvili Secvala. 1701 wels is genaTelTan erTad rogorc Cans Wyondidel-jumaTeli iyo. swored am dros unda daweriliyo giorgi IV-is sigeli, sadac gabrieli Wyondidel-genaTel-jumaTelad ixsenieba. 1701 welsve gabrielis nacvlad, genaTelis pativi nikolozma miiRo.

g. mWedliZes miaCnia, rom gabriel Wyondideli XVIII s-is 50-iani wlebis moRvawea da ara imave aswleulis pirveli wlebisa. amis dasadastureblad moyavs imereTis mefis solomon I-is (1752-1784) mier 1755 wels gacemuli sigeli, sadac im periodSi moRvawe „pirvel genaTelad wodebuli“ Wyondidis mitropoliti gabrielia moxseniebuli (mWedliZe.. 2008: 187).

es varaudi sizustes moklebulia. g. mWedliZes erTmaneTSi ereva gabriel giorgis Ze Wyondideli, romelic Wyondidis saepiskoposos 1701-1714 wlebSi ganagebda da gabriel beJanis Ze Wyondideli, romelic Wyondidis saepiskoposo kaTedraze Cans 1738-1760 wlebSi (tuRuSi 1988: 230). gabriel beJanis Zes, Wyondidelobamde gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra ekava, daaxloebiT 1720-23 wlebs Soris, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT). swored gabriel beJanis Zea moxseniebuli 1755 wels solomon I-is mier gacemul sigelSi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom is (gabrieli), Wyondidlobamde genaTeli iyo: `pirvel genaTel wodebuli yovlad samRvdelo Wyondidis mitropoliti gabriel~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 5). amrigad XVIII s-is dasawyisSi moRvawe gabriel giorgis Zes, gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra daaxloebiT XVII-XVIII ss-Ta mijnaze eWira, xolo gabriel beJanis Ze 1720-23 wlebSi iyo gelaTis episkoposi.

davubrundeT XVII-XVIII saukuneTa mijnas. am xnis ganmavlobaSi imereTSi anarqia ar cxreboda. 1695 wels mefe aleqsandre IV-is mokvlis Semdeg, imereTSi kvlav arCili gamefda. adgilobrivma gavlenianma feodalma giorgi abaSiZem arCils Tavisi qaliSvilis Tamaris colad SerTva SesTavaza, magram uari miiRo. amis gamo imerelma feodalebma 1696 wels moiZies odiSSi myofi mefeTa monaTesave vinme giorgi, SerTes Tamars da uwodes imereTis mefe. giorgi mefobriv

139

uflebebs moklebuli aRmoCnda, is male gaaZeves da mefoba kvlav arCils SesTavazes. vaxuSti batoniSvilis sityviT, arCilma: ̀ ara ineba vinaiTgan uwyoda mciresa Jamis mefobad, rameTu arRara iyo pirmtkicoba. aramed ganryunilni, ficis mtexelni, tyvis-myidvelni, mxdomni, mkrexelni, ukeTurni, araTu warCinebulni, garna mdabiurnica, moqmedni amisni yovelTa, romelTa vswerT. aramed maiZulebelTa TvisTaganve warmovida arCil, miegebnen sruliad raWvelni, STamovida da daipyra imereTi qoronikonsa C q u ჱ (1698)~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 859).

arCils arc amjerad umefia didxans. axalcixis faSam imereTSi aleqsandre IV-is vaJi svimoni gaamefa. giorgi abaSiZem svimons Tavisi meore qaliSvili anika SerTo colad. faqtobrivad ki imereTs giorgi abaSiZe da misi qaliSvili Tamari marTavdnen. amis gamo mefe svimoni qarTlSi gaixizna. Tamarma qmrad giorgi lipartiani SeirTo da Tavisi poziciebi odiSSic gaimyara. mamia gurielma svimonisaTvis mefobis dabruneba ganizraxa, es ukanaskneli axalcixis faSas CareviT, nazarali-xanisagan (erekle I) gamoixsna, giorgi abaSiZis qaliSvils anikas gaaSora, SerTo Tavisi da colad da mefed gamoacxada. abaSiZe da giorgi lipartiani Seikrnen da guriels mouwodes moekla mefe svimoni. gurielma Tavad ar indoma svimonis mokvla, maSin abaSiZis da lipartianis gagzavnilma kacebma aRasrules brZaneba da 1701 wels mokles mefe svimoni. imereTSi mamia gurieli gaamefes. Tumca imereTs kvlav giorgi abaSiZe da misi asuli marTavdnen. amis gamo mamia gurieli guriaSi dabrunda (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 959).

svimonis mcirexniani mefobis bolo wels (1701) genaTelis pativi nikolozma miiRo. l. tyeSelaSvils miaCnia rom es ukanaskneli, nikoloz lorTqifaniZea. aRniSnuli avtori 1683-1691 wlebSi nikoloz lorTqifaniZis genaTel episkoposad moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. 1701-1717 wlebiT daTariRebul sabuTebSi moxseniebuli nikoloz genaTelis gvari arsad fiqsirdeba. amitom am ukanaskneli nikolozis nikoloz lorTqifaniZesTan gaigiveba, miuRebelia

140

dazustebis gareSe . nikoloz genaTeli afxazeTis kaTalikoz grigolTan

da sxva eriskacebTan erTad amowmebs svimon mefis mier mamia gurielisadmi boZebul saficris wigns (burjanaZe 1958: 45). dokuments TariRi ar gaaCnia. S. burjanaZis varaudiT, aRniSnuli sabuTi 1698-1701 wlebs Soris aris dawerili (iqve). rogorc gavarkvieT 1701 wlamde gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra gabriels eWira, amitom es sabuTi 1701 wels, svimon mefis mokvlamde ramdenime xniT adre unda daweriliyo, rodesac genaTeli episkoposi ukve nikolozi iyo.

1701 wlidan rom gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra nikolozs ukavia, dasturdeba giorgi lipartianis saficris wignidan. lipartiani fics debs grigol kaTalikosis winaSe, rom tyvis syidvas gardaagdebs: ̀ ...aris amisi mowame Tavad batoni genaTeli nikolaoz, Caiseli RoRaberiZe svimon, patriaqis veqili papa lavrenti. (daiwera) qoronikonsa qristes aqeT aTas Svidas da erTsa~ (TayaiSvili 1920: 46).

genaTeli nikolozi moxseniebulia burjanaZeebis mier dadebul ficis wignSic, romelsac eqvTime TayaiSvili 1707-1710 wlebiT aTariRebs. `...sula erTobilma burjanaZenma, ...sibriyviT da ucodinarobiT bevrs avs umarTebulosa da sakanonos saqmesSid vereodiT, mobZandiT Tavad Tqven quTaTeli batoni evdemon, genaTeli batoni nikoloz, jer kidev gagviwyeriT, meremeT kidev SegviwynareT, dReis amas iqeTeli pirobis mocema gvibZaneT, aw es piroba mogvirTmovia yvelas erTobils burjanaZes: arc tyvis gayidvas da SvamavlobasSid geverioT, arc moparuli tyve daviWiroT da vimTxrobloT, arc Cven erTmaneTis gacemasSid, qurdobasSid, mTxroblobasSid geverioT~ (iqve, 1920: 47).

Cans, genaTeli nikolozi afxazeTis kaTalikos grigolTan da quTaTel evdemonTan erTad, aqtiurad ibrZoda tyvis syidvis winaaRmdeg, romelic im xanad mTels dasavleT saqarTveloSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da isedac gaubedurebul qveyanas daRupvis safrTxes uqmnida.

nikoloz genaTeli aqtiurad iyo CarTuli qveynis

141

politikur procesebSic. XVIII s-is dasawyisSi dasavleT saqarTveloze osmaleTis

imperiis gavlena Sesustda. TurqTa garnizonebi mxolod quTaisisa da soxumis cixeebSi idgnen da qveyanas mniSvnelovan safrTxes ver uqmnidnen (narkvevebi 1973b: 455). 1703 wlis dasawyisSi, TurqeTi mZime ekonomikur kriziss ganicdida. jari xangrZlivi drois manZilze jamagirs ar iRebda da mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebi erTimeores mosdevda (iqve, 457). amiT isargebla giorgi abaSiZem da xarkis gadaxda Seuwyvita Turqebs. mas mibaZes lipartianma da gurielma. imereTi-guria-samegrelos erTiani antiTurquli gamosvla ruseTis CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTSi gaaqtiurebiTac iyo gamowveuli. 1696 wels ruseTis mefe petre I-ma osmalebs azovis cixe waarTva. qerCis srute TurqTa xelSi darCa, magram azovze gabatoneba ruseTs Sav zRvaze gasvlisa da TurqeTisaTvis damuqrebis saSualebas aZlevda. ukve 1701 wels voroneJTan mzad iyo 100-mde didi da patara xomaldisagan Semdgari flotic. rodesac gen. gordonma petres moaxsena, rom Sav zRvaze gasul flots navsadguri dasWirdebao, petrem upasuxa: `Cemi xomaldebi navsadgurs ipivniano~ (iqve, 455).

petre I imedovnebda, rom placdarmi, osmalebis winaaRmdeg aRmosavleT SaviZRvispireTSi, dasavlur qarTul samefo-samTavroebSi eqneboda. osmalebma gadawyvites daeswroT da dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyrobiT ruseTisaTvis dasayrdeni baza moespoT (iqve).

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, rodesac giorgi abaSiZem xarkis gadaxda Seuwyvita osmalebs, sulTani Zlier ganrisxda da arzrumis faSas ubrZana, daerbia imereTi (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 866).

osmalebi dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvidan da xmeleTidan moadgnen. qarTvelma feodalebma afxazeTis kaTalikosis grigolis, quTaTeli evdemonis da genaTeli nikolozis winaSe fici dades, rom erTiani ZaliT gamovidodnen dampyrobeli Turqebis winaaRmdeg: `ese auarebeli, mtkice Seucvalebeli... fici, piri, da saficris wigni giboZeT

142

Cven lipartianman batonman giorgim da erisTavman batonman SoSitaman da wulukiZem giorgim, da miqelaZem giorgim, da miqelaZem paatam da Saqarman, da WilaZem giorgim, da CijavaZem vaxuStim, da patam, da saxlis uxucesmaman CxeiZem giorgim, abaSiZem giorgim, boqaulT uxucesman mamukaman da iaSvilman qaixosrom, da giorgim, ...Tqven Crdilosa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozs batons grigols da quTaTels evdemons da genaTels nikolaozs asre da ama pirsa zedan, rome imereTs TaTrebisgan diaR Zali damarTebodaT da qristianoba mouZlurebuliyo merme mogvadeqiT karsa da erTobiT saficari mogarTviT Cven, rom dRes SemdgomaT imereTis wasaxdenad da asaoxreblad Cven TaTars arc piri mivsceT da Tu vin icis da TaTari laSqriT aq Camovides imereTis wasaxdenaT, Cven arc mivideT masTan da uwinamZRvroT, da arc ara maTi viwamoT ra. am imereTis waxdenis saqmezedca am cixis aReba da waxdena marTlis guliT moviWirvoT, da ar usustoT cixis aRebis saqme...~ (TayaiSvili 1920: 45).

osmalebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolo moqmedebebs giorgi abaSiZe xelmZRvanelobda. Turqebi yvelgan medgar winaaRmdegobas waawydnen. Tumca mtris simravlem da feodalurma gankerZoebulobam Tavisi gaitana. guria-samegrelos dakavebis Semdeg Turqebi imereTSi SeiWrnen. TiTqos qarTvelTa marcxi gardauvali iyo, magram 1703 wlis ivnisSi osmaleTis imperiaSi ajanyebam ifeTqa, rasac xelisuflebis Secvla mohyva, taxtze axali sulTani ahmed III avida (narkvevebi 1973b: 459).

axalma sulTanma dasavleT saqarTveloSi myofi jarebis saraskiri ukan gamoiwvia, xolo saraskiris moadgilem, sardalma qeham, abaSiZesTan molaparakeba daiwyo. qeha dauzavda abaSiZes da imereTSi mefed svimonis Zma giorgi datova. ukan gabrunebul TurqTa jars abaSiZem gzebi Seukra da sastikad daamarcxa. am brZolaSi imerelebma mokles kolis faSa da daWres axalcixis faSa isayi (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 867).

mefe giorgi quTaisis cixeSi Seiketa. Tavadi miqelaZis

143

rCeviT is qarTlis mefe giorgi XI-is qaliSvilze daqorwinda. imereTs kvlav giorgi abaSiZe marTavda. mas emorCilebodnen gurieli da lipartianic.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis sityviT: `aramed daamSvida abaSiZem imereTi xdoma - oxrebaTagan friad, rameTu vervin ikadrebda parvad risamed, kualad vercaRavin ikadrebda ganyidvad tyvisa, Tvinier missa (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 867).

gaZlierebul abaSiZes qarTlis gamgebelma vaxtangim (SemdgomSi qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI), damZaxleba SesTavaza. Tu abaSiZis vaJi levani vaxtangis qaliSvilze daqorwindeboda, maSin vaxtangi levans qarTlis saabaSiZeos miscemda. giorgi abaSiZe vaxtangis winadadebiT kmayofili darCa, magram misma garemocvam daarwmuna, rom Tuki giorgi Tavis vaJs vaxtangTan gauSvebda, es ukanaskneli, levans yaens gaugzavnida. amitom giorgim uari uTxra vaxtangs damZaxlebaze. amis gamo qarTlis gamgebeli ganawyenda da abaSiZis sawinaaRmdegod, quTaisSi Seketili svimon mefis Zmis giorgis, imereTSi gamefeba gadawyvita. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, vaxtangim gadaibira afxazeTis kaTalikosi grigoli, genaTeli episkoposi nikolozi da raWis erisTavi SoSita, romlebmac 1708 wels gamoiyvanes giorgi quTaisidan da uwodes mefe (iqve).

`xolo dajda giorgi mefed, Ze aleqsandre mefisa; miuvlina abaSiZes, raTa dauteos samefo yoveli da daipyras mamuli Tvisi. maSin abaSiZem waruvlina kaTalikozi da genaTeli, raTa hyon zavi da mSvidoba. aramed kaTalikozisa da genaTelis ganzraxviTa arRara gamouteva mefeman igini, rameTu etyoden: - ukeTu ara gangviteoT mogerTnen yovelni imereni. - maSin dautevebdnen abaSiZes da mierToden giorgi mefesa~ (iqve).

rogorc Cans afxazeTis kaTalikosma grigolma da genaTelma nikolozma gaZlierebul feodalTan yofnas, mefis gverdiT dgoma arCies. giorgi abaSiZes mxars uWerdnen lipartiani, gurieli da raWis erisTavi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi anarqia grZeldeboda. 1709 wels mefe

144

giorgim farcxanayanevTan daamarcxa mokavSireebi. abaSiZe sveris cixeSi gamagrda. mefe raWas Seesia da sastikad daarbia. amis Semdeg is odiSSi gadavida da iq lipartianis vaJi kacia gaamTavra. imis gamo, rom gurieli abaSiZis mxares idga, mefe giorgim arc guria daindo, is iq SeiWra da moarbia. sveris cixeSi gamagrebul abaSiZes qarTlis gamgebelma `kacni miuvlina~ da qarTlSi gadaiyvana. kacia dadianis gardacvalebis Semdeg odiSSi kvlav lipartiani gamTavrda, romelic mefe giorgim Semoiriga da 1711 wels isev raWas Seesia. vaxuSti batoniSvilis sityviT: ̀ vinaiTgan iyo giorgi mefe cundruki, momxueWeli, angaari, vercxlis moyuare, Seizraxnen gurielisa Tana liparitiani, erisTavi da beJan leCxumis batonica movida mamisa Tana. amas mohyva zurab abaSiZe, moiyvanes da yves mefed gurieli qoronikonsa :C R i a: (1711)~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 870).

qarTlSi gaqceuli mefe giorgi poziciebs ar Tmobda da drodadro imereTis samefo taxts ibrunebda. man 1719 wels osmalTa jaris daxmarebiT SeZlo taxtze dabruneba. mTavrebi mefis winaaRmdeg Seikvrnen da 1720 wlis Tevdorobis SabaTs mefe giorgi svimon abaSiZes moakvlevines (iqve, 882).

aseTi areulobis Jams eris sulieri da fizikuri gadarCenisTvis gzebis Ziebaze eklesia zrunavda. genaTeli nikolozi afxazeTis kaTalikos grigolTan da sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad cdilobda zneobrivi zemoqmedebiT Tavis samwysos sulier gaZlierebas. nikoloz genaTeli agrZelebda brZolas tyvis syidvis winaaRmdeg. 1717 wlis saficris wignSi, beJan dadiani da SoSita raWis erisTavi, pirobas deben grigol kaTalikosis winaSe, rom aRarasodes gayidian tyveebs da arc TavianT xelqveiTebs miscemen tyveebiT vaWrobis uflebas. dokuments amowmebs ori genaTeli; nikolozi da erisTavis Zma genaTeli gedevani: `aris mowame da Suamavali genaTeli litrapoliti (mitropoliti) nikolaoz da jvaris mama zabilon, erisTavis Zma genaTeli gedevan, RoRaberiZe winamZRvari evdemoz... daiwera wigni ese qristes aqeT aTas Svidas da Cvidmetsa Tvesa noembersa

145

ocdaxuTsa...~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 174). g. mWedliZe ar gamoricxavs, rom 1717 wels, misi

varaudiT, msgavsad 1678 wlisa, gelaTSi ori genaTeli moRvaweobda - nikolozi da raWis erisTavis Zma gedeoni. Tumca iqve dasZens: `es yvelaferi im SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, Tu damowmebul dokumentebSi maT gadamwerTa da gamomcemelTagan Cadenil SecdomebTan ara gvaqvs saqme da teqstSi piruTvneli WeSmaritebebia gadmocemuli~ (mWedliZe... 2008: 189).

1717 wlis saficris wignSi, romelsac ori genaTeli nikolozi da gedeoni amowmebs, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom marTlac gadamweris SecdomasTan gvqondes saqme. Tumca imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra viTareba iyo im Jamad imereTis samefoSi da rogori kaleidoskopuri siswrafiT icvlebodnen mefeebi samefo taxtze, ar iqneba gasakviri arsebuli anarqia eklesiasac mosdeboda da garkveuli periodi gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra or genaTels erTdroulad daeWira.

XVIII s-is 20-ian wlebSi, rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, gelaTis episkoposi gaxda gabriel beJanis Ze dadiani. imereTis mefis aleqsandre V-is (1720-1741, 1746-1752) mier gacemul dokumentSi naTqvamia: `q. davsxediT Cven, brWeni da mosamarTleni Tavad batoni mefe aleqsandre, dadiani batoni beJan, abaSiZe zurab, genaTeli gabrieli, sxvani darbaiselni da sabatios-Svilni sarCielsa papuna wereTlisasa da zalisasa~ (bereZeniSvili 1940: 447). n. berZeniSvilis varaudiT es sabuTi dawerili unda iyos beJan dadianis imereTis mefisadmi keTilganwyobilebis xanaSi, romelic vaxuStiT iyo 1721 - 1732 wlebSi (iqve).

1724 wels vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra raWis erisTavis Zmas gedeon CxetiZes eWira (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 883), romelic genaTel episkoposad Cans 1733 welsac. amitom sabuTi, sadac genaTeli gabrieli ixsenieba, 1720-1723 wlebs Soris unda daweriliyo. amave wlebiT unda ganisazRvros gabriel beJanis Ze dadianis genaTloba.

146

gabrielis Semdeg genaTelis pativi gedeon CxetiZem miiRo. amrigad XVIII s-is pirvel meoTxedSi moRvawe genaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi ase dalagdeba: XVII-XVIII ss-Ta mijna (daaxloebiT 1698-1701 ww.) - gabriel giorgis Ze Wyondidel-genaTel-jumaTeli, 1701-1717/20 wlebSi - nikolozi, 1717/20 -1723 wlebSi gabriel beJanis Ze dadiani, 1723-1733 wlebSi - gedeon CxetiZe. rac Seexeba 1717 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi ori genaTelis - nikolozisa da gedeonis erTdroulad moxseniebas, es sakiTxi kiTxvis niSnis qveS rCeba.

gedeon genaTeli, rogorc Tavmdebi da mowme, gvxvdeba SoSita raWis erisTavis mier papuna wereTlisadmi micemul saficrisa da wyalobis wignSi (burjanaZe 1958: 60). gedeoni amowmebs mefe aleqsandre V-s mier papuna wereTlisaTvis boZebul sigelsac. aRniSnuli sigeliT, mefe, papuna wereTelsa da mis STamomavlobas ubrunebs mamuka batoniSvilisagan mitacebul wereTlebis samkvidro mamuls - rwmans: `vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqveni da giboZeT aseve Tqveni samkvidro meca da Cemma Zmam mamukama. gqondes da gibednieros RmerTman... ars amisi gamrige da mowame genaTeli gedevan, livkorwmindeli (nikorwmindeli b. g.) svimon, saxliTuxucesi jafariZe lomkaci, agiaSvili svimon, kikiani asan. me mdivans levans, damiweria da mowamec var~ (x.e.c. HD - 2171. burjanaZe 1959: 67). am or sabuTs samwuxarod TariRi ar gaaCnia. savaraudoT isini XVIII s-is 20-ian wlebSi unda daweriliyo.

gedeon CxetiZem genaTel episkoposad moRvaweobis pirvel xanebSi, Tavis ZmasTan SoSita raWis erisTavTan erTad, gelaTs Cxaris sawinamZRvro saydari Seswira, romelic `ubatonobisagan... saeriskacod gamxdariyo~ (kakabaZe 1921a: 127). am periodSi imereTSi giorgi VI-is Ze aleqsandre V mefobda. Tavdapirvelad aleqsandre V-s mokavSire, samegrelos mTavari beJan dadiani iyo, xolo mefis mowinaaRmdegeTa banaks raWis erisTavi SoSita da misi Zma - genaTeli gedeoni warmoadgendnen. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT 1724 wels: `moadga mefe aleqsandre

147

da beJan dadiani juaris cixes okribas, romeli epyra erisTavis Zmas gedevan genaTels; SeuTxares ra, iwyo rRuevad zRudeman, SeSindnen mecixovneni da mosces mefes cixe~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 883).

SoSita erisTavi aleqsandre V-is winaaRmdeg brZolas ganagrZobda. xolo misi Zma gedeon genaTeli, mefis mxares gadavida. mefe aleqsandrem gedeon genaTelisaTvis imereTSi baris saerisTavo Seqmna da mas baris erisTavi uwoda. vaxuSti batoniSvili am faqts ase gangvimartavs: `rameTu ese baris erisTavi iyo genaTeli da Zma SoSita raWis erisTavisa. aman warguara coli Zmiswulsa Tvissa papunas, asuli vaxtang mefisa, SeirTo TviT da movida mefesa Tana. aman Seiwynara SuriTa erisTavisaTa da misca saerisTo mamuli imereTs - Sinani da uwodes baris erisTavad~ (iqve). saerisTavoSi Sedioda soflebi: amaRleba, Zuluxi, simoneTi da nawilobriv bzvani, romelTac baris erisTavebi flobdnen XIX saukuneSic (rexviaSvili 1989: 163).

raWis erisTavebis sapirispirod, aleqsandre V-s baris saerisTavo 1732 wlamde unda Seeqmna, radgan 1732 wels mis winaaRmdeg otia dadianisa da raWis erisTavis grigolis mier mowyobili SeTqmulebis dros, mefis gverdiT dgas baris erisTavi gedeon genaTeli (gafrindaSvili 2008: 85).

gedeon genaTelis qmedebebi yovelgvar zneobriv sazRvrebs scildeboda, magram miuxedavad amisa, is garkveuli periodi baris erisTavobasTan erTad genaTlobasac inarCunebda. 1733 wlis sabuTSi, mefe aleqsandre, RvTismsaxur bers - kopalian grigols, gelaTis sasaflaos ekvderis winamZRvrad adgens da sawinamZRvro mamuls uboZebs. sabuTs sxva pirebTan erTad amtkicebs genaTeli gedeoni: ̀ q: Cven batoni genaTeli gedeon am batonis Cuenis brZanebas umtkicebT... daiwera... Tvesa ivnissa i z (17) qoronikonsa q k s (1733) (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, 3304. kakabaZe 1921a: 130 - 131).

gedeoni bolomde aleqsandre V-is erTguli darCa. igi 1741 wels imereTidan devnil mefes Tan gahyva qarTlSi. qarTlis xanma mefe aleqsandre, didi pativiscemiT miiRo,

148

ise, rogorc mefes ekadreboda, magram Semdeg daatyveva. amis mxilveli baris erisTavi eaxla darubandSi myof iranis mbrZanebels nadir-Sahs da mefis Txovna miarTva. nadir-Sahma imereTis mefis Txovna Seiwynara da axalcixis faSa iusufis daxmarebiT aleqsandre V imereTis samefo taxtze daabruna (rexviaSvili 1989: 167). amis Semdeg baris erisTavi gedeonis Sesaxeb cnobebi aRar mogvepoveba.

gedeonis Semdeg genaTelis pativi efTvime I-ma SarvaSiZem miiRo. igi gaxldaT Zmiswuli jumaTeli maqsime SarvaSiZisa (qarTveliSvili 2006: 37). efTvime genaTeli moxseniebulia giorgi gurielis mier udabnos winamZRvar iosebisadmi naboZeb sigelSi, sadac naTqvamia: `jer kidev Cemma Zmam giboZa es mowyaleba, Cvenc Cvenda Tavad gagiaxleT jumaTel maqsimes da Semdgom genaTel eqvTimes damtkicebuli sigeli~ (baqraZe 1987: 259).

1736 wlis sabuTSi efTvime mxolod jumaTelad ixsenieba (berZeniSvili 1940: 467), 1738 wels is ukve genaTeli episkoposia, romelmac berad aRkvecili Teimuraz-antoni (SemdgomSi qarTlis kaTalikosi anton I), diakvnad akurTxa gelaTSi.

`daibada Teimuraz - antoni ... C R k welsa (1720), Tvesa okdombersa: i z, (17) dResa kiriakesa, Jamsa Ramisasa mesamesa. aTvrametisa wlisa (1738) monazon iqmna da aRikveca... gaenaTs, Tebervalsa orsa; samsa Tebervalsa diakonad xeldasxmul iqmna dResa SabaTsa xeliTa gaenaTel mitropolitisa efTvimisiTa~ (Jordania 1967: 74).

efTvime I-s genaTloba 1736-38 wlebs Soris unda mieRo. arsebobs varaudi, rom efTvimes jumaTlobasTan erTad genaTlobac SeuTavsebia da erT dros genaTel-jumaTeli yofila (qarTveliSvili 2006: 37).

efTvime I genaTelad Cans 1744 wlis sigelSic. igi mamia IV gurielis karis winamZRvars ioseb tuskias, `sajumaTlos~ qorepiskoposobas uboZebs da avalebs, rom yovelTvis axldes mRvdelmTavars raTa: `uTqvenod eparqia ar unda moimwysodes~ - o (baqraZe 1987: 252).

1745 wlidan gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze Cans

149

aleqsandre V-s Ze da momavali imereTis mefis, solomon I-is (175 -1784) Zma ioseb (eriskacobaSi iese) bagrationi. igi moxseniebulia Tavisi gamzrdelis guncaZis asulis - elenes Sewirulobis wignSi: `q. nebiTa RTisaTa da jerCinebiTa patronis Cemis ufliswulis genaTelis iosebisaTa vigulismodgine me friad codvilman im Cemis xelmwifis Svilis genaTelis gamdelman guncaZis asulman elenem..... (daiwera) qoronikonsa qristes aqeT C R m e (1745) Tvesa dekembersa i T (19)~ (kakabaZe 1921a: 157).

istoriuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, iosebi (iese) aleqsandre V-is ufrosi vaJi iyo da samefo taxti mas ekuTvnoda, magram vinaidan igi xedavda, rom misi umcrosi Zma solomoni, ufro samefo kaci iyo, rogorc Tval-tanadobiT, agreTve ZlierebiT da simarjviT, mefoba mas dauTmo da TviTon berad Sedga (solomon mefe da rostom erisTavi 1936: 17). istoriul gadmocemas ewinaaRmdegeba erT-erT sabuTSi daculi cnoba, sadac mefe solomon I ioseb genaTels ̀ umrwemes (umcross) Zmas~ uwodebs (kakabaZe1921b: 6), Tumca WeSmaritebasTan axlos istoriuli gadmocema unda idgas, rasac Semdegi garemoebebi cxadyofs. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis (1104) dadgenilebis mixedviT, ikrZaleboda ber-monazonis episkoposad kurTxeva 35 wlis asakamde (q. s. Z. 1970: 115), magram aRniSnuli wesi yovelTvis zedmiwevniT ar sruldeboda. magaliTad, 1740 wels 20 wlis asakSi quTaTel episkoposad akurTxes Teimuraz bagrationi, SemdgomSi qarTlis kaTalikosi anton I (Jordania 1967: 166). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom msgavsi gamonaklisi ioseb batoniSvilis SemTxvevaSic momxdariyo da is genaTel episkoposad Teimuraz bagrationis msgavsad, 35 welze gacilebiT axalgazrda asakSi, ara umcires 20 wlis ekurTxebinaT, radgan 20 wlis qvemoT ber-monazonis episkoposad xeldasxma, naklebad savaraudebelia. amgvarad, 1745 wels sruliad axalgazrda 20 wlis iosebi gelaTis episkoposi rom gamxdariyo, am SemTxvevaSic is Tavis Zma solomonze ufrosi iqneboda, radgan viciT, rom solomon I 1752 wels 17 wlis asakSi gamefda (narkvevebi 1973b:

150

636), am droisaTvis ki Cveni varaudiT, ioseb genaTeli sul mcire 25-27 wlis unda yofiliyo.

sadavo sakiTxia solomon I-is gamefebis TariRic. vaxuSti batoniSvilis qronologiuri cxrilis mixedviT: qoronikonsa :u m: (1752) am didmarxvas martSi mokuda aleqsandre mefe. dajda Ze misi solomon mefed (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 914). am cnobaze dayrdnobiT samecniero wreebSi solomon I-is gamefebis TariRad 1752 welia miCneuli. Tumca arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebic. s. kakabaZis mtkicebiT, solomoni imereTis samefo taxtze 1752 wlamde avida, savaraudod 1749 wels. amis damadastureblad mas mohyavs 1750 wliT daTariRebuli ori dokumenti, sadac solomoni mefed aris moxseniebuli. pirveli maTgani gaxlavT gelaTis sigeli, meore ki ioseb mrovelis Sewirulobis wigni (kakabaZe 1914b: 95- 97. Пурцеладзе 1881: 141). amas garda arsebobs 1751 wliT daTariRebuli dokumenti, sadac mefe solomon I gelaTis RvTismSoblis eklesiis glexebs sauris gadasaxadebisgan aTavisuflebs (x.e.c. fondi HD-10143. berZeniSvili 1953: 278). es dokumentebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZlebelia solomon I-s 1752 wlamde daekavebina imereTis samefo taxti, magram Tundac 17 wlis solomoni 1752 wlamde gamefebuliyo, daaxloebiT 1749-1750 wlebSi, is mainc umcrosi iqneboda Tavis Zma ioseb genaTelze, radgan rogorc aRvniSneT, 1745 wlisaTvis iosebi sul mcire 20 wlis iyo. amgvarad, istoriul gadmocemaSi daculi cnoba, romelic iosebisa da solomonis umcros-ufrosobis sakiTxs exeba, swori unda iyos.

ioseb bagrationi Tavisi aqtiuri moRvaweobiT gamoirCeoda genaTel episkoposTa Soris. ioseb genaTelisa da mefe solomon I-is TaosnobiT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi mTeli rigi saeklesio da saxelmwifo reformebis gatareba daiwyo. XVIII saukunis II naxevridan imereTi sulieri da fizikuri gaZlierebis gzas daadga.

ioseb genaTeli episkoposobis pirvelive wlebidan feodalTagan ukanonod mitacebuli gelaTis samwyoso

151

miwebis dabrunebas Seudga. XVII-XVIII saukuneTa mijnaze politikuri anarqiis dros, saeklesio miwebi saero pirebma daitaces. am periodSi daemcrnen da Semdeg arseboba Sewyvites quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebma. gelaTis saepiskoposo SedarebiT Zlieri aRmoCnda. mravali sirTulis miuxedavad man Tavis gadarCena SeZlo.

XVIII s-is 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, mZime ekonomikuri krizisi iyo mTels dasavleT saqarTveloSi. solomon I-s gamefebis dros osmalTagan Seviwroebuli da Sina feodaluri brZolebisgan mravaljer gaZarcvul-aoxrebuli qveyana daxvda. dacarielebuli iyo samefo xazina. amis gamo mefe iZulebuli gaxda saeklesio qonebis da maT Sris gelaTis saepiskoposos Semosavlis nawili moexmara, risTvisac igi zemoT naxseneb dokumentSi bodiSs uxdis gelaTis RvTismSoblis eklesiisTvis Sewirul samtrediel glexebs, geleiSvlebs, vaxanias da reviSvil giorgis: `...urjuloTagan gagviWirda. Cvenis sasaflaos gelaTis RTis mSoblis Sewiruli iyaviT. nametnavad ram gagviWirda, mogixediT, SegesieT, bevri avi dagemarTaT Cvengan. Cvenca amisa nuqbad es wyaloba giyaviT Tqven: arca Cvengan, arca sxvaTa Cven SemdegTa mefeTagan, arca didTa da arca mcireTagan arasodes sauri (xarki) ar geTxovoT... ars amisi mowame genaTel mitrapoliti batoniSvili batoni ioseb. mxeiZe giorgi, wulukiZe beri... daiwera maisis z (7) qoronikons C R n a (1751)~ (x. e. c. fondi HD - 101 43. bereZeniSvili: 1953: 278).

rogorc ki mefem poziciebi gaimyara, Tavisi Zmis ioseb genaTelis TxovniT, gelaTis saepiskoposos ekonomikuri gaZlierebisaTvis zrunva daiwyo. solomon I-ma gelaTis saepiskoposos glexebs gadasaxadebis mxriv saxelmwifos mxridan sruli Seuvaloba mianiWa. 1755 wlis sabuTSi solomoni ambobs: `yovelTave vigulismodgineT taZrisa amis ganTavisufleba da mas Jamsa Zma Cemi umrwemesi... ioseb genaTlad ijda, gvevedra krebuliT TvisiT... mravalTa gansacdelTagan oxer qmnilisa amas Cvenca xel vyaviT ganTavisuflebad didisa iwroebaTagan moculisa taZrisa

152

amis SemavalTaTvis, da TviT patiosanisa amis eklesiisa samsaxurad movacaleT SemavalTa amisa, raTa amaT mier imkobodes ukunisamde.... gelaTis Semaval arc aznaurisSvilis ymas da arc glexs misi sakuTari saxaso yma, sadac iyos arsad Cvengan da Cvenis morCilisa da brZanebis neba myoflis kacisagan arasodes sauris gadasaxadi xaraja ar eTxovebodes. daiwera qoronikonsa C R n e (1755)~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 6).

solomon I-ma osmalTa batonobisagan imereTis ganTavisufleba daisaxa miznad. qveynis ganmanTavisuflebel brZolaSi mas Tavisi Zma ioseb genaTeli edga gverdSi. osmalebs imereTSi myarad hqondaT fexi mokidebuli. quTaisis, cucxvaTis, baRdadisa da Sorapnis cixeebSi maTi garnizonebi idgnen. Turqebi tyvis syidvas eweodnen, avrcelebdnen mahmadianobas, angrevdnen qristianul eklesiebs da maT nacvlad aSenebdnen meCeTebs.

solomon I-ma energiulad Seutia dampyroblebs da 1757 wlis dekembris dasawyisSi, xresilis velze sastikad daamarcxa osmalTa laSqari. Turqebma sapasuxod 1758 wels axalcixis faSas TaosnobiT ori damsjeli eqspedicia moawyes imereTSi. erT-erTi laSqrobis dros axalcixidan SemoWrili xunZaxeli lekebi Tavs daesxnen gelaTs, aaoxres da didi nadavliT dabrundnen ukan. Tavdasxma imdenad moulodneli iyo, rom solomonma jaris Seyra verc ki moaswro (narkvevebi1973b: 639).

imereTSi lekTa jaris SemoWrisa da gelaTis darbevis Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis papuna orbeliani: `ese xunZaxis batoni lekis jariT gausiva faSam imereTis qveyanasa da dapirda jamagirsac. Cavida quTaiss, qveviT da zeviT sul daatyveves. gaaoxres imereTi, mravali iSoves, mefe solomonma Sebma ver gabeda, arc qarTvelT Txova jari. gelaTis eklesia maSin waxda. es naSovari moitanes axalcixis qveyanas, misca faSam bevri lekTa da gaistumra daRistans Sina~ (orbeliani papuna 1981: 246).

lekTagan gelaTis darbevis Sesaxeb cnoba Semonaxulia Semoqmedis gulanSic: `qoronikonsa u m v (1758), amave

153

qoronikonsa imereTs lekis laSqari movida; mravali suli qristiani iSoves; gelaTi da sojunis saydari dawves Tvesa agvistosa~ (Jordania 1967: 260). zogierTi cnobiT lekTagan gelaTis darbeva 1759 wlis 10 agvistos moxda (lominaZe 1955: 26).

ioseb genaTelis mier aRdgenili sakaTalikoso taxti

lekebma gelaTis darbevis dros daamtvries da gaitaces marmarilos sakaTalikoso taxti. 1760 wels ioseb genaTelma axali taxti aago, romelzedac weria: `moixsene ufalo taxtisa amis aRmaSenebeli mefis aleqsandres Ze genaTeli mitropoliti ioseb mis welsa iyo qristes aqeT qoronikoni C R ჲ (1760).~

mZime sanaxavi yofila darbeuli gelaTi. xalxi SeZlebisdagvarad Sesawiravs uZRvnida mtrisgan ̀ waxdenil~ eklesias: ~...gelaTi rom lekma daswva... eklesia gaoxrebuli iyo, yoveli marTlmadidebeli qristiane vinc iyo da gelaTi enaxaT im Jamad stiroden da kidec eweoden~ (Jordania 1967: 261), aRniSnulia erT-erT qronikaSi. magram roca mosaxleobis didi nawili gelaTis aRdgenisTvis zrunavda,

154

meore nawils mis gaZarcvaze eWira Tvali. maT Soris iyvnen JorJolaZis kacebi: `moviden JorJolaZis kacebi da gelaTi gatexes da tyvia moipares... daiWires... gaibWven kaTalikozi ioseb1da beruka JorJolaZe da is qurdebi kaTalikozs iosebs xelaT mqmnelaT gauCnda, sanam ar mokvda (iosebi b. g.) xelSi yavda... (Jordania 1967: 261). rogorc am cnobidan irkveva ioseb genaTelis STagonebiT mZarcvelebs ara marto naZarcvi daubrunebiaT, aramed sikvdilamde iosebis msaxurni gamxdaran.

solomon I-s brZola ar Seuwyvetia. man imereTSi axalcixis faSas mier gamogzavnili sami aTasiani laSqari pirwmindad gaanadgura da cixeebSi mdgari Turquli garnizonebi ise Seaviwrova, rom isini cixidan gamosvlas veRar bedavdnen.

solomon I-ma Tavisi didi winapris imereTis mefis bagrat III-is msgavsad, eklesiis gaZliereba gadawyvita, romelic mudmivad mxarSi edga samefo xelisuflebas qveynis erTianobisaTvis brZolaSi. im xanad imereTis samefoSi eklesia dasustebuli iyo, aRar funqcionirebda quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. fexs ikidebda islami. saWiro iyo qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba qarTuli eklesiisTvis gavlenisa da avtoritetis dasabruneblad.

solomon I-ma 1759 wlis 4 dekembers saeklesio kreba moiwvia, romelmac quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedra aRadgina. ioseb genaTeli aqtiurad iyo CarTuli krebis muSaobaSi.

`quTaisis eklesia yovlad wmindis taZari xelT egdo mZvinvares agarians da mizeziTa amiT saquTaTlo mamuli da samrevlo mimobneuliyo da quTaTeli aRar ijda, axla Cven vinebeT ganaxleba da wmindasa amas krebasa mogaxseneT da Tqvenc keTilad aRgiCndaT da viTarc Svenoda siwmindesa Tqvensa, egreT Semwe gveqmneniT da inebeT saquTaTlos mouSleloba... da davajdineT quTaTeli ese da gakurTxebineT quTaTlad abaSiZe maqsime da aw gawesebT, raTa amieridgan

1 aRniSnuli cnoba gviani xanisaa, radgan im dros (1758 wels) rodesac lekTagan gelaTis darbeva moxda, ioseb batoniSvili kaTalikosi ar iyo, mas mxolod genaTelis pativi hqonda

155

ukunisamde Seucvaleblad egos, viTarca wmindaman aman krebam ganaweseT da daamtkiceT. ase rom saquTaTlo saxaso mamuli sadac iyos da visac qondes yvela uklisad saquTaTlod egos amier ukunismde... daiwera sigeli ese qristes aqeT :C R n T: (1759), Tvesa dekembersa d (4)~ (kakabaZe 1913g: 4), aRniSnavs mefe solomon I quTaisis saepiskoposos aRdgenis sabuTSi. dokuments sxava sasuliero da saero pirebTan erTad amtkicebs genaTeli episkoposi iosebi (kakabaZe 1913g: 6).

krebis meore sxdoma 5 dekembers dasavleT saqarTvelos did feodalTa TandaswrebiT Catarda. am sxdomaze imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis feodalebma afxazeTis kaTalikosis besarionis, Wyondideli gabrielis, genaTeli iosebis, Semoqmedeli nikolozis... xoneli iosebis, nikorwmindeli germanesi da sxva episkoposTa winaSe, imereTis mefis morCilebisa da `tyvis syidvis~ akrZalvis piroba dades: `axalcixis faSam aseTi saSineli... sityva SemogviTvala..... tyves Tu ar gayidiT ar iqnebao. exla amazed ase erTpirobiT dagvimtkicebia RTis SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvidgas es saqme Cvengan ar iqnes, arc amaSid erTmaneTs usustoT vidrec erTmaneTs miudgeT kidec, mefe solomonis morCili da brZanebis aRmasrulebeli viqneT~ (x.e.c. fondi SD - 2976). saeklesio krebam tyvis msyidvelni SeaCvena, saero xelisufleba ki maT sikvdiliT dasjiT daemuqra (narkvevebi 1973b: 641).

quTaisis saepiskoposos aRdgenis paralelurad solomon I-ma saepiskoposo kaTedrebi aRadgina xonsa da nikorwmindaSic. xonel episkoposad yofili mroveli ioseb maCabeli, nikorwmindelad ki germane wulukiZe iqna dadgenili. am procesSi sxva maRal samRvdelo pirebTan erTad aqtiurad iyo CarTuli ioseb genaTeli.

ioseb genaTeli sasamarTlo davebSic monawileobda. maT Soris iyo qaixosro wereTlisa da gogia jafariZis dava. am davaSi iosebs, mefe solomonsa da raWis erisTav rostom CxeiZesTan erTad, momrigeblis funqcia hqonda SeTavsebuli (q. s. Z. 1974: 272).

156

ioseb genaTels diplomatiuri moRvaweobac uwevda. 1766 wels TurqeTTan sazavo molaparakebebis gasamarTad, genaTeli episkoposi solomon I-ma stambulSi elCad gagzavna. mefem Tavis Zmas sakmaod sapasuxismgeblo da mZime misia daakisra. osmaleTSi gamgzavrebamde iosebma mefe solomons anderZi dautova: `q. Cemo Zmavo batono sayvarelo mefe solomon, Seni Zma genaTel mitropoliti ioseb am anderZs mogaxseneb. Cemi sityva da anderZi zepiradac momixsenebia da wigniTac mogaxseneb. Cemi rac aris wigni an Sesamoseli yvela Tqven gabaria. me raTgan Tqvenis erTgulebisa da qveynisaTvis am usjuloebSi Seval vin icis ra amitydeba. an maTi xeliT ram moxvdes Cemi sikvdili da an Cemi Tavis dRiT da sneulobiT rom movkvde...~ (kakabaZe 1914b: 54). iosebi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi mefes uanderZebda rom misi (iosebis) qoneba gelaTisaTvis Seewira, xolo genaTel episkoposad iosebis mier SerCeuli piri daesva: `genaTladac romelic Cveni mogaxseneT Tu Tqvenma bunebamac qnas misi yabuli is dasviT amisTvis rom Cems sulsac ufro Seibralebs da moixsenebs da Tqveni erTguli iqneba~ (iqve, 55). anderZSi ar konkretdeba is piri, romelic iosebis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi genaTeli episkoposi unda gamxdariyo. iosebi, mefes gelaTis yma-mamulis moevlasac avalebda: `...yvela gebralebodes da rogorc Cemi namsaxuri ise giyvardesT Cemo batono mamaT batonaT ZmaT sulis da xorcis momvlelaT Sen damitovebixar da Sen ici Cemo batono.~ sigeli 1766 wlis 23 agvistos aris dawerili (iqve, 57).

molaparakeba osmeleTis imperiasa da imereTis samefos Soris qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erekle II-is (1745-1762 kaxeTis mefe, 1762 -1798 qarTl-kaxeTis mefe) SuamavlobiT Sedga. osmaleTsa da imereTs Soris xelSekruleba 1767 wels daido. osmaleTma imereTi cno ara vasalur, aramed mfarvelobaSi myof saxelmwifod. imereTs osmaleTisaTvis erTgulebis niSnad yovelwliurad unda gaegzavna 60 qali, oRond, winandelisagan gansxvavebiT, savaldebulo ar iyo es qalebi qarTvelebi yofiliyvnen. zavis es pirobebi imereTis elCis mier iyo SeTavazebuli. is faqti, rom

157

xelSekrulebaSi araferia naTqvami tyvis syidvis aRdgenis Sesaxeb, solomon I-is did warmatebad unda CaiTvalos. rusi diplomatebis cnobiT, osmaleTi am pirobebze daTanxmda, raTa bolo moeRo misTvis sircxvilis momtani xangrZlivi omisaTvis (narkvevebi 1973b: 646).

amrigad 1766-67 wlebSi ioseb genaTelis diplomatiuri gamosvla, imereTisaTvis warmatebuli aRmoCnda. male gairkva, rom es molaparakeba imereTis mefis diplomatiuri manevriT iyo gamowveuli da solomons arcki ufiqria TurqebisaTvis xarkis adamianebiT gadaxda (iqve). imereTis mefe aseTi molaparakebebiT dros aWianurebda Tavis sasargeblod, zaviT dakisrebul pirobebs ki ar asrulebda. gaWianurebuli dro solomons qveynis Sida sakiTxebis mosagvareblad sWirdeboda.

1768 wels solomonma Cxaris maxloblad cxrawyarosTan daamarcxa Tavis mowinaaRmdegeTa banaki, Teimuraz mamukas Ze batoniSvilis TaosnobiT. (Teimurazi solomon I-is biZaSvili iyo). es ukanaskneli mogvianebiT daatyveves da tyveobaSive gardaicvala.

mefis yvelaze Zlier mowinaaRmdegeebad raWis erisTavi rostomi da misi Zma, afxazeTis kaTalikosi besarioni rCebodnen. solomons garTulebuli hqonda urTierToba samegrelos mTavar kacia dadianTanac. solomonma ramdenjerme scada rostom erisTavis damorCileba, erT SemTxvevaSi lekebic ki daixmara rostomis Sesapyrobad, magram raWis erisTavi dadianTan gaiqca da odiSs Seafara Tavi. am periodSi kaTalikosi besarioni axalcixeSi imyofeboda da faSas solomonis winaaRmdeg imereTSi osmalTa jaris gagzavnas Txovda. amave dros axalcixeSi farulad Cavida ioseb genaTeli. igi mefe solomonisgan iyo gagzavnili faSasTan dasazaveblad, mxolod im pirobiT, Tuki faSa kaTalikos besarions dapatimrebuls gaagzavnida imereTSi. faSam mefesTan dazaveba arCia da kaTalikosi besarioni daapatimra. kaTalikosma buxris kedeli gaarRvia da Tavi daaRwia patimrobas. mas imereTSi misasvleli piri aRar hqonda da Tavis disSvilTan kacia dadianTan gadavida

158

odiSSi (rexviaSvili 1989: 88).am ambebis Semdeg solomon I-ma besarioni kaTalikosobidan

gadaayena da 1769 wlis 10 maiss mis nacvlad kaTalikosad Tavisi Zma ioseb genaTeli daadgina (qoriZe 2000: 166). iosebma afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosobasTan erTad genaTlobac SeiTavsa. kacia dadianma ki besarioni `samegrelos kaTalikosad~ gamoacxada (rexviaSvili 1989: 215). amrigad dasavleT saqarTveloSi ̀ or kaTalikososba~ damyarda.

1769 wels aw ukve afxazeTis kaTalikosi iosebi, solomon I-ma kidev erT molaparakebaze gagzavna. iosebi raWaSi gaemgzavra rostom erisTavsa da mefe solomons Soris sabolood mSvidobis dasamyareblad.

raWaSi Casuli iosebi didi pativiT miiRes. man erisTavs mefesTan Serigeba aRuTqva da Suamavloba ikisra. rostom erisTavma Tanxmoba ganacxada mefesTan Serigebaze mxolod im pirobiT, Tu kaTalikosi iosebi, eklesiaSi barZimze daificebda solomonis uRalatobaze. iosebi daTanxmda am pirobis Sesrulebas da mefe solomonTan SesaTanxmeblad quTaisSi dabrunda. kaTalikosma mefe solomons yvelaferi dawvrilebiT uambo da mas piroba daadebina, rom arc rostoms da arc misi ojaxis wevrebs solomoni zians ar miayenebda. mefem kaTalikoss ganucxada: `gaZlev sityvas da vficav Sen xaxulis RvTismSobels, arc is (rostom erisTavi b. g.) da arc misi Svilebi ar movkla da iseTi pativiscemiTac miviRo, rom saarako darCeso~ (solomon mefe da rostom erisTavi 1936: 75). am sityvebis Semdeg iosebi meored gaeSura raWaSi da barZimze xelis dadebiT daarwmuna erisTavi, rom mefe arafers avnebda (iqve).

mefis uRalatobaSi darwmunebuli rostom erisTavi Tavisi Svidi vaJiSviliT, varcixeSi myof solomonTan gaemgzavra Sesarigeblad. mefem moCvenebiT kargad miiRo erisTavi, magram ocdRiani lxinis Semdeg Seipyro SvilebiTurT da Tvalebi daTxara. 17 wliani omi raWis saerisTavosTan amiT dasrulda. saerisTavo gauqmebul iqna

159

(rexviaSvili 1989: 88).cxadia, iosebma ar icoda solomonis faruli zraxvebis

Sesaxeb, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi aseT mzakvrul garigebaze ar wavidoda da arc barZimze daificebda sicrues. rodesac Seityo, erisTavebs Tvalebi daTxareso: `Seicxada, gadmovarda taxtidan, daeca miwaze, TavpirSi xelebi waiSina da wver - ulvaSs iglejda~ (solomon mefe da rostom erisTavi 1936: 104). iosebma solomonis Cadenili saqcieli dagmo da mas uTxra: ̀ mefeo, SeCvenebuli iyos Seni mefoba, ukeTu mec ar gamasworo erisTavTan da Tvalebi ar damTxaro. karis - kacebi SeSfoTdnen, mefem zurgi miaqcia kaTalikoss da gabrunda. kaTalikosi ki TiTqmis gonebadakarguli gavarda gareT da gelaTisken wavida~ (iqve 106).

am ambis gamo kaTalikosi iosebi did sinanulSi Cavarda da im dRidan aRar uwiravs (iqve, 108).

uSedegod dasrulda ioseb kaTalikosis molaparakeba kacia dadianTan zavis Sesaxeb 1771-73 wlebSi. rogorc Cans, ioseb kaTalikosi cdilobda kacia dadianTan SeTanxmebis miRwevas besarion CxeiZis Taobaze. es ukanaskneli, rogorc aRvniSneT, kacia dadianma `samegrelos kaTalikosad~ gamoacxada. dasavleT saqarTveloSi ori kaTolikosis arseboba did dabrkolebebs da uxerxulobebs qmnida. iosebi agreTve ibrZoda saxelmwifosgan eklesiis damoukideblobis mopovebisaTvis, magram verc am SemTxvevaSi miaRwia Sedegs. mas konfesionalur niadagze uTanxmoeba hqonda imereTSi myof italiel kaTolike misionerebTanac (metreveli 2010: 145).

kaTolike misioneri leoni, romelic 1742-1773 wlebSi saqarTveloSi moRvaweobda, ioseb kaTalikoss uaryofiTad axasiaTebs. misi TqmiT iosebi iyo: ̀ kaci boroti, usamarTlo, barbarosi, cru, Zunwi, araadamianuri, sastiki da udidesi mteri kaTolikebisa~ (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 65).

misioneri leoni rostom raWis erisTavTan megobrobda. m. TamaraSvilis mtkicebiT, rostomma, misma Zmam besarion kaTalikosma da Svilma giorgim, kaTolikoba miiRes da

160

am sarwmunoebaze darCnen bolomde (TamaraSvili 1902: 366). am faqts adasturebs kapucini misioneris ieronime maria nursaiaelis werili, sadac saubaria raWis erisTavis rostomisa da misi Zmis kaTalikos besarionis kaTolikobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb. es werili 1751 wlis 29 maiss daiwera (iqve, 367).

Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seesabameba sinamdviles m. TamaraSvilis cnoba rostomisa da besarion kaTalikosis gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb, Tumca gamoricxuli araferia, radgan im xanad qarTuli feodaluri sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili, TavianTi rwmenisadmi aramyari poziciisa Tu politikuri interesebis gamo, xSirad icvlida sarwmunoebas, Tumca kaTalikosisagan msgavsi saqcieli uCveulo iyo.

ioseb bagrationi mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobis manZilze marTlmadideblobas icavda da cdilobda, Tavisi xalxisTvis rwmena SeenarCunebina. igi xels uSlida imereTis samefoSi islamisa da kaTolikobis gavrcelebas. ra Tqma unda, iosebi Tavisi mtkice poziciis gamo miuRebeli iqneboda kaTolike misionerebisTvis da maT Soris kapucini leonisaTvis, romelic eseT mZime Sefasebas akeTebs iosebis mimarT da mas yvelaferTan erTad kaTolikebis mtrad ixseniebs.

iosebi did yuradRebas uTmobda sasuliero saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas. 1772 wlis 12 dekembers misi dakveTiT xuces-monazonma zaqaria gabaSvilma (gabaonma) daasrula ioane oqropiris `saRmrTo Jamis wirvis~ gadawera (Jordania 1967: 344). misi teqstis gamarTvaSi, rac mdgomareobda berZnul da rusul liturgikul teqstebTan SedarebaSi, gadamwerebTan erTad TviT iosebic monawileobda. am gziT gasworebuli ioane oqropiriseuli `Jamis wirva~ kaTolikosma iosebma gelaTis monasters Seswira (metreveli 2010: 145).

Txzulebas win uZRvis didi mrgvlovani asomTavruli asoebiT gakeTebuli warwera: ̀ ponto: Crdiloisa: da: afxaz: imerTa: yovlisa: k-z: mamad: mTavrman: Zeman: aleqsandre: didisa: mefeT: mefisaman: wyalobiTa: R-TisaTa: / iosif: aRvawerinen: w-ni: ese samni: liturRiani: berZen: rosTa

161

sapatriarxoTa: liturRiisTa: T-a: SemowmebiTa: savsebiTa: sk-nd: mosaxsenebelad: Cemda: qristes: aqaT: C R o b: (1772) dk - nberi: i b (12)~ (Jordania 1967: 343).

1761 wels ioseb kaTalikosis davalebiT Tbilisis jvris monastris dekanoz ioanes, dauweria sjulis kanonis wigni, sadac Seutania `Zeglis wera,~ daviT mefis (daviT IV aRmaSenebeli) brZanebiT momxdaris ruis - urbnisis krebisa (iqve, 346). wigns axlavs 1776 wlis 23 marts ioseb kaTalikosis xeliT gakeTebuli warwera: `wyalobiTa RvTisaTa Cven abxaz-imer-guria-samegreloisa, ese igi sruliad qvemoisa iveriisa kaTalikoz-mamaTmTavarman iosif daviTian TviT safasiTa CemiTa aRvawerine wminda ese sjulis kanoni, da vinaTgan Tana maqvnda eparxiaca gaenaTisa, Tanamdebca viyav msaxurebad Senda; amisTvis giZRven wigni ese sjulTa Sen solomonebrsa taZarsa xaxulisa RvTismSobelsa, raTa odes aRmoikiTxviden Zeni Senisa eklesiisani oxas magebden Sendoba yofisasa da kurTxeul iyvnen aw da mermesaca; rameTu senisa amis mier mival mouvalsa gzasa Jamsa yvavilovnebisasa, da miwa Tqmis xmasa da umanavn karsa keliaisa Cemisa droSani Savni.... daiwera martsa: i g: (23) qristesiTgan C R o v (1776)~ (iqve).

am warweridan Cans, rom mZime seniT Sepyrobili ioseb kaTalikosi dRe-dReze sikvdils eloda. mas mTeli Tavisi moRvaweoba eklesiisa da saxelmwifos gaZlierebisaken hqonda mimarTuli. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ki yovelTvis gelaTs aniWebda. ai, ras ambobs iosebi sikvdilamde ramdenime dRiT adre daweril anderZSi: `Cemi Rwva dRe da Rame es iyo, rom, radgan gelaTs diakvnad vekurTxe, mRvdlad vekurTxe da mRvdelmTavrad, rac raime miRvawia, yovelive gelaTisaTvis mindoda da kidec Semiwiravs, rogorc galavani Semovavle, ise daxurva mindoda...~ (x.e.c. fondi AD - 652. q. s. Z: 1970: 906). anderZSi CamoTvlilia Tu ramdeni glexi daixsna iosebma Tavisi fuliT da ramdeni dakarguli moiZia. maT Soris Txilwyaros mcxovrebi libraZeebi, okribas gvenetaZeebi, aseve WumburiZeebi, raWas

162

kvaSxieTis glexebi, rions sulaqveliZeni da mravali sxva: `...saca iyo dabneuli an glexi an mamuli, zogi TeTriT da zogi cdiTa da sarjliT...~ gamoisyida da gelaTs Seswira. sabuTi 1776 wlis 9 maiss daiwera: `daiwera qoronikonsa qristes aqeT aTas Svidas samocda Teqvsmets. da Tvesa maissa cxras~ (x.e.c. fondi AD - 652).

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi inaxeba ioseb kaTalikosis piradi nivTebis nusxa, romelic man gelaTs Seswira. maT Soris iyo: `...enqeri sirmiT nakeri, omfori TeTris strofis samis oqros RiliT da sirmis arSiiT gawyobili, Rafarna da ori pereqeli sirmiT nakeri, oqroT daferili barZim feSxumi, erTi sefiskveris vercxlis TefSi, jvaris sasanTleebi vercxlisa da erTi kargi samRvdelmTavro kondaki, samRvdelmTavro mitra pirveliTganve gelaTis da aw kvalad ganaxlebuli, erTi vercxlis sacecxluri, erTi sjulis kanoni da vnebis kviris saxareba, erTi vercxlis saaiazme Tavsaxuraviani da sxva~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 14514. Joradnia 1967: 344). nusxas erTvis genaTeli episkoposis efTvimes minaweri: `eseni yovelive me misi diakoni efTvime misi Zma, nebiT genaTlad makurTxes da momabares uklisaT. qoronikons q~es aqaT aTas Svidas samocda Teqvsmets da Tvesa maissa aTcametsa: genaTeli efTvime~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 14514).

ioseb kaTalikosi 1776 wlis 13 maiss gardaicvala, rac sxvadasxva istoriuli wyaroebiT dasturdeba. erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT: `qk s :u ჲ d: (1776) ama qoronikonsa miicvala yovlad sanatreli kaTalikozi genaTeli da mefis Ze ioseb Tvesa maissa :i g: (13) dResa paraskevsa, Jamsa meoTxesa, iyo wlisa oc - da - Cvidmetisa da eqvsis Tvis~ (Jordania 1967: 345). aRniSnul cnobaze dayrdnobiT nawili samecniero wreebisa miiCnevs, rom gardacvalebis Jams ioseb kaTalikosi 37 wlis iyo. am cnobas amyarebs 1766 wels osmaleTSi gamgzavrebis win, ioseb genaTelis mier dawerili anderZic, sadac is aRniSnavs, rom anderZis daweris dros iyo 27 wlisa da cxra Tvis (kakabaZe 1914b:

163

57). Tuki 1766 wels iosebi 27 wlis iyo, bunebrivia 1776 wels is 37 wlis iqneboda. aqidan gamomdinare misi dabadebis TariRi 1739 weli (1776 - 37 = 1739) gamodis, rac sinamdviles ar Seesabameba, radgan Cven viciT, rom 1745 wlidan iosebi ukve genaTel episkoposad ixsenieba. zemoT moyvanili cnobebis mixedviT ki 1745 wels iosebi 6 wlis unda yofiliyo (1739 + 6 = 1745). 6 wlis asakSi cxadia iosebs genaTel episkoposad aravin akurTxebda. 1745 wels iosebis gelaTis episkoposad xeldasxma minimum 20 wlis asakSi unda momxdariyo, radgan 20 welze axalgazrda adamianis episkoposad kurTxeva warmoudgenlad migvaCnia, Tanac im fonze, roca ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT, episkoposad ekurTxeboda ber-monazoni ara umcires 35 wlisa. aqidan gamomdinare 1776 wlisaTvis iosebi sul mcire 50 wels gadacilebuli iqneboda. magram ismis kiTxva, ratom acxadebs iosebi 1766 wlis anderZSi rom is 27 wlisa da cxra Tvis aris? aq iosebi berad aRkvecidan gasul wlebs xom ar gulisxmobs da imitom akonkretebs Tveebsac ki? Cveni varaudiT iosebis berad aRkveca 1739 wels unda momxdariyo. am SemTxvevaSi iosebis berad aRkvecidan 1766 wels 27 weli iqneboda gasuli, xolo 1776 wels 37 weli. SesaZlebelia amas gulisxmobda qronikis avtoric, romelic aRniSnavda, rom iosebi gardacvalebis Jams (berad aRkvecidan, anu xelaxali dabadebidan b. g.) iyo: `wlisa oc - da - Cvidmetisa da eqvsis Tvis.~ Tumca es mxolod Cveni savaraudo mosazrebaa. faqti erTia, rom iosebi gardacvalebis dros 37 wlis asaks sakmaod gadacilebuli iyo.

iovane xucesis dRiur-werilebSi daculi cnobis mixedviT 1776 wlis 11 maiss momakvdavi ioseb kaTalikosi `sanavardoTgan~ quTaisSi, mwvaneyvavilas rezidenciaSi miuyvaniaT. 13 maiss iosebi gardacvlila. 17-Si misi cxedari gelaTSi gadausvenebiaT da 18 maiss iqve daukrZalavT (lomsaZe 1979: 150 - 151).

164

ioseb genaTelma mTeli cxovreba saqarTvelos eklesiis da qveynis gaZlierebas Sealia. igi dauRalavad zrunavda qarTveli eris sulieri da fizikuri gadarCenisTvis. man araerTi gamoCenili sasuliero moRvawe aRzarda, maT Soris iyo ukanaskneli genaTeli episkoposi efTvime ServaSiZe (1776-1820). iosebma Tavisi moRvaweobiT, mniSvnelovani kvali datova Cveni qveynis istoriaSi da Rirseuli adgili daimkvidra saqarTvelosTvis moamage qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa Soris.

ioseb genaTeliiosebis Semdeg genaTeli episkoposi gaxda efTvime

II SarvaSiZe. igi iyo ukanaskneli genaTeli episkoposi, radgan misi episkoposobis periodSi gauqmda gelaTis saepiskoposo.

efTvime II SarvaSiZe guriis erisTavis Ze, mefe solomon I-isa da ioseb genaTelis gazrdili iyo. is 12 wlis yofila, roca solomonsa da iosebs guriidan imereTSi miuyvaniaT. 1819 wlis 2 noembris sabuTSi, efTvime Tavad ixsenebs am faqts: `q. me genaTel mitropoliti efTvimi, vswer: didma mefe solomon da misma Zmam kaTalikosma ioseb guriidgan momiyvanes da gamzardes, samocda erTi weliwadi

165

aris imereTs var, ormocda erTi weliwadi aris genaTlaT var, ocs weliwads mefes da kaTalikozs vaxldi da maTi bZaneba da daweseba srulebiT vici~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 3166. Акты... 1874: 396).

efTvimes mama qristefore SarvaSiZe yofila. 1790 wlis sabuTSi efTvime genaTeli aRniSnavs, rom misi mama qristefore: `gamoCinebulis wmindis giorgis eklesiis Senebazed namsaxuri iyo~ da imave eklesiazed daumarxavT (q. s. Z. 1970: 995).

efTvime II genaTeli, Tavidanve aqtiurad Seudga moRvaweobas. moiZia gelaTis yvela Zveli saeklesio sabuTi, Tavisi TvaliT gadaamowma da Tu raime darRveva SeniSna, mis gamosworebas Seecada. gelaTis dokumentebis nawils, romlebic sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva genaTeli

eqvTime genaTelis beWedi

166

episkoposis mier aris damowmebuli, boloSi efTvimes beWedic axlavs, rac imis niSania, rom es sabuTebi efTvimes mier iqna gadamowmebuli.

efTvimes brZola uwevda gelaTis samwyso miwebis SesanarCuneblad. xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia erTi uTariRo sabuTis fragmenti, sadac aRniSnulia, rom: `arximandriti moZRvari qristefore, saxlTuxucesi wereTeli zurab, mdivanbegi daviT, kaTalikosi maqsime da genaTeli efTvimi, gelaTis... miwas daobden. macxovris karsa da kaTalikosis palats Sua rom adgili aris, kaTalikosma bZana wmindis giorgis saydris ariso da sakaTalikozo(ao). genaTelma Tqva Cemis saydris miwa ariso. madamdis genaTelis winamZRvari yofila da dResac genaTlis winamZRvari dgas. gavSinjeT davisac adgili. uWiravs, samarTali misi aris. Tu mcodne vinme gamoCndes da im adgilis ambavi icodes, ori kaci wamodges da kaTalikoss xeli CamoarTvas. rac sagenaTlo ar iyos, is miwa sakaTalikoso ar yofiliyos. Tu es ar iqnes genaTelma oTxi msaxuri Seaficos zemoT rom dagviweria. Tu ver Seaficos genaTelma adgili dauteos kaTalikoss~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 8041. Jordania 1967: 392). aRniSnuli dava 1785 wlis axlo xanebSi unda momxdariyo. genaTel efTvimes gelaTis miwebisTvis sasamarTlo dava hqonda ivane da qaixosro agiaSvilebTanac. am sasamarTlo davaSi mefe solomon II iRebda monawileobas (q. s. Z. 1974: 282-284).

efTvime mkacri iyo sasuliero pirebis mimarTac, maTi mxridan saeklesio wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi. 1784 wlis axlo xanebSi genaTeli efTvime Tavisi eklesiis winamZRvar amberki avalians gaswyromia `ujero saqmeTa gamo.~ mefem maTi Serigeba quTaTel dosiTeoss, xonel antons da jumaTel maqsimes daavala: `... Cven, yovlad samRvdeloTa, amisi gasinjva maTma umaRlesobam (im xanad imereTSi mefobda daviT giorgis Ze (1784-1789) gvibrZana da raoden Cvengan SesaZlo iyo, samarTlianis msjavriT ase davinaxeT da ase ganvageT... (winamZRvar amberkis b. g.) rac mizezebi yovlad samRvdelo genaTelma daudva, amisTvis Tu inebebs da genaTeli Seirigebs Sendobis micemiT, swavliT

167

da kanoniT, isev Tavis adgilas idges da SeZlebisaebr mouaros ganuSoreblad. amisaTvis, rom didi qoneba ara hqonia ra...~ (q. s. Z. 1974: 286).

efTvime, genaTlobis pirvelive wlebidan zrunavda Tavis samwysos glexebze da cdilobda maTTvis sameurneo pirobebi Seeqmna. 1777 wels man ianvara kapWelaSvils, misi `umemkvidrod gardaSenebuli~ Zmis _ kacia kapWelaSvilis adgil-mamuli uboZa: `...ese wyalobis wigni mtkice da utyuari giboZeT... Cven genaTel mitropolitman efTvimi, Sen Cveni eklesiis Zirs mosaxle kacs ianvara kapWelaSvils, ama pirsa rom Seni Zma kaciela umkvidrod gardaSenda, da Sen SegvexveweT da... rac SegeZlo mosarTmeviTac gvemsaxureT. uSvilo kaciseuli samarTliT Cveni iyo, magram raTgan SegvexveweT da gvevedreT, gviboZebia kacia kapWelaSviliseuli miwa adgili... mogces da mogaxmaros RmerTma Cveni eklesiis da Cvens erTgulad samsaxurSi... daiwera qoronikonsa qristes aqeT C R o z (1777)~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 4042).

efTvime II genaTeli, ise rogorc misi winamorbedi genaTeli episkoposebi, aqtiurad iyo CarTuli politikur procesebSi. XVIII s-is bolos ruseTis imperiis interesebi gaZlierda saqarTvelos mimarT. qarTveli mefe-mTavrebic cdilobdnen ruseTis ZaliT Tavi daeRwiaT osmaluri da iranuli agresiisagan. efTvime genaTeli rusuli orientaciis momxre politikur gunds uWerda mxars. amas mowmobs 1784 wlis 1 maiss imereTis Tavad-aznaurebis mier pavle potiomkinisadmi gagzavnili werili, sadac isini ruseTisadmi erTgulebas amtkiceben. werils sxva saero da sasuliero pirebTan erTad xels aweren: dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli (rexviaSvili 1989: 284).

1784 wlis 23 aprils 49 wlis asakSi gardaicvala imereTis mefe solomon I. solomons taxtis memkvidre ar darCenia. misi erTaderTi vaJi aleqsandre batoniSvili, 1780 wlis oqtomberSi gardaicvala.

aleqsandres piradi cxovreba areuli hqonda. igi dapirispirebuli iyo mamasTan, mefe solomonTan. nebsiT

168

Tu uneblieT aleqsandrem samjer iqorwina. `ujeroisa qorwinebisaTvis~ batoniSvili eklesiam SeaCvena. aleqsandres gardacvalebis Semdeg solomons surda Svili Sesaferisi pativiT daekrZala eklesiis SigniT, magram samRvdeloebam mefes amis ufleba ar misca. mxolod `erTisa mRvdlisa win gaZRoliTa dafles igi garegan eklesiisa~ gelaTs (soselia 1990: 38 - 40).

SeCvenebuli ufliswulis eklesiis SigniT dakrZalvas, sxva samRvdelo pirebTan erTad rogorc Cans win aRudga efTvime genaTelic.

solomon I-ma imereTis samefo taxtis memkvidred Tavisi ZmiSvili, erekle II-s SviliSvili daviT arCilis Ze gamoacxada. 1784 wels solomonis gardacvalebis dros daviT arCilis Ze mcirewlovani iyo da imereTis samefo taxti solomonis biZaSvilma, daviT giorgis Zem `miimZlavara.~ daviT mefesa da erekles Soris moxda SeTanxmeba romlis safuZvelze, daviT arCilis Ze rogorc ki srulwlovanebas miaRwevda, daviT giorgis Zes misTvis taxti unda daeTmo. 1789 wels daviT arCilis Ze ukve 17 wlis iyo, magram daviT giorgis Ze nebiT taxtis daTmobas ar apirebda (narkvevebi 1973b: 726). amis gamo imereTSi politikuri situacia daiZaba.

mefe daviT giorgis Zes uTanxmoeba hqonia efTvime genaTelTanac. mefes efTvimes genaTlobidan gadayenebac ki ucdia. amas mowmobs 1791 wlis 13 martiT daTariRebuli ganCineba efTvime genaTelisa da buWua akofaSvilis saqmeze. efTvimem akofaSvils uCivla rom: `Sen gurielis kacebi daiWire, gurielis pirobaze gagepara is kacebi da mefe solomonis saflavs Seexvewa gelaTs; me mTxove, magram SeniT wamoyvana ar momiSlia da CemiT ver mogeci. amazed damasmine mefe daviTs; gamiwyra me, genaTlobisagan magdebdnen; gogia kandelaki amiyares, sams weliwads glexebi warTmeuli yavda; vecade, me amaSid erTi ucxo nawiliani xati da oTxi kvamli kaci qrTamaT elisbarma gamomarTva da asi marCili Cems uriebs gardaaxdevines. eseebi Senis dasmenilobiT damemarTa~ (q. s. Z. 1974: 520).

169

1789 wlis 11 ivliss xonis maxloblad daviT arCilis Zem daamarcxa daviT giorgis Ze da mcire xniT imereTSi gamefeba SeZlo, magram daviT giorgis Ze 1790 wels imereTSi osmalTa da lekTa jariT SemoiWra da taxti daibruna (rexviaSvili 1989: 303).

imereTi mRelvarebam moicva. ̀ mobezrebuli arev darevisa gamo imereTis warCinebulni Seikribnen da gamogzavnes despani erekle mefesTan martSi; (1790 w. b. g.) dosiTeos quTaTeli, efTvime genaTeli, sardali qaixosro wereTeli, miqelaZe, saxlTuxucesi zurab wereTeli, sexnia wulukiZe, abaSiZe, ioane agiaSvili, qaixosro CijavaZe, lorTqifaniZe, ioseliani, avaliani da sxva...~ (Jordania 1967: 404).

imereTidan Casulma delegaciam mefe erekles sTxova, rom: `radganac ara surs mefesa iraklis mefe daviT, (saubaria daviT giorgis Zeze. b. g.), mimtacebeli taxtisa, inebos da SeierTos Tvisda samefod imereTi, viTarca iyo erT mTavrobisa droTa~ (ioseliani 1936: 15). `imerTa despanni~ arwmunebdnen mefe erekles rom imereTSi eri da beri sixaruliT moeloda am saqmis dasasruls da rom TviT gurielsa da dadiansac surda qveynis gaerTianeba. mefe ereklem am sakiTxis gansaxilvelad darbazi moiwvia. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis momxreni iyvnen: Wabua orbeliani, anton kaTalikosi, sardali daviT yaflaniSvili, solomon lioniZe, zaqaria mouravi qiziyisa da sxvani. gaerTianebis winaaRmdeg gamovida ioane muxranbatoni. misi TqmiT: `dakavSireba imereTisa diax Znelia. Cven qarTvelTa ver mogvivlia CvenTvis, viTar mouaroT imereTsa~ (iqve) muxranbatonis gamosvlas sardali daviT yaflaniSvili da krebis sxva wevrebi gauRizianebia, ramac areuloba gamoiwvia. mefe ereklem sakiTxis ganxilva gadado.

imereTis qarTl-kaxeTTan SeerTebis winaaRmdeg gamodioda mefe erekles meuRlededofali darejanic. dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli cdilobdnen daerwmunebinaT dedofali, rom qveynis gaerTianeba aucilebeli iyo: `mouTxrobdnen dedofalsa imereTis mdgomareobasa da

170

sruliad daRupvasa, ukeTu ar moxdeba erToba qarTvelTa Tana. dedofali brZanebda uarsa da ityoda ver gamowirvasa imereTisa gvirgvinisa SviliSvilisa xelTagan~ (ioseliani 1936: 17).

mesame dRes darbazis sxdoma ganaxlda. Wabua orbeliani da anton kaTalikosi kvlav mouwodebdnen mefe erekles mieRo imereTis delegaciis SemoTavazeba. ereklem brZana: `Txovasa amas ver miviReb; mteri madgas karsa; ver gavixdi axal mtersa, romelica unda iyos SvilisSvili Cemi imerTa taxtisaTvis ganmzadebuli. - despanno! warvediT da imerTa ersa gamoucxadeT, rom davsvam imereTisa taxtzed SvilisSvilsa Cemsa da esreTisa kavSiriTa TaviT - TvisiT iqmneba erToba imereTisa qarTlisa Tana~ (iqve 18).

amrigad, didi cdebis miuxedavad saqarTvelos gaerTianeba ver moxerxda. 1790 wels mefe erekles daxmarebiT imereTSi kvlav misi SviliSvili daviT arCilis Ze gamefda, romelmac mefe solomon I-is sapativcemulod solomoni dairqva da solomon II-d iwoda.

1790 wlis ivnisSi solomon lioniZis iniciativiT TbilisSi gaformda traqtati, romlis ZaliTac dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi qarTl- kaxeTis samefosTan samxedro kavSirs amyarebdnen da mefe erekles upiratesobas aRiarebdnen (narkvevebi 1973b: 730). aRniSnuli xelSekruleba imeds usaxavda saqarTvelos gaerTianebis mosurneT, romelTa Soris efTvime II genaTelic iyo.

solomon II-m, Tavisi biZis solomon I-is msgavsad dasavleT saqarTvelos samTavroebze, samefo xelisuflebis gavlenis aRdgena daisaxa miznad. am brZolaSi mas hyavda momxreebic da mowinaaRmdegeebic.

solomon II-s mefobas kvlav ecileboda daviT giorgis Ze, romelsac mxars uWerda samegrelos mTavari grigol dadiani. 1792 wels solomon II-m moaxerxa grigol dadianis gadayeneba da samegrelos mTavrad misi Zma manuCari dasva. mefe dasjas upirebda daviT giorgis Zes, magram am ukanasknelma axalcixeSi gaqceva moaswro. 1794 wels daviT giorgis Zem, samurzayanoSi myofi grigol dadianis

171

daxmarebiT ukanasknelad da warumateblad scada imereTSi gamefeba. 1795 wlis 11 ianvars daviT giorgis Ze axalcixeSi gardaicvala (narkvevebi 1973b: 752).

imereTSi areuloba grZeldeboda. solomon II-s samefo taxtisaTvis brZolaSi axali pretendenti gamouCnda. es gaxldaT solomon I-is Zisaleqsandres ukanono Svili giorgi, romelsac colad hyavda guriis erisTavis asuli, efTvime genaTelis Zmiswulidarejani. genaTelma da ramdenime imerelma Tavadma, giorgi aleqsandres Zis gamefeba gadawyvites. SeTqmulebi axalcixeSi gadasul grigol dadians daukavSirdnen, romelic maT dasaxmareblad jariT gamoeSura, magram mefem SeTqmulebs daaswro da misi wevrebi daapatimra. grigol dadianis col-Svili mefes quTaisSi hyavda, amis gamo grigoli iZulebuli gaxda mefes xleboda. solomon II-m igi quTaisidan aRar gauSva, magram grigolma gaparva moaxerxa da samegreloSi gabatonda. solomon II-m ramdenjerme scada misi gadayeneba, Tumca uSedegod (iqve).

niko dadianis cnobiT, mefe solomon II-s veraguli gadawyvetileba miuRia. man grigol dadiani da misi biZa giorgi, quTaisSi mosalaparakeblad daibara, sinamdvileSi mefes grigolis mokvla da giorgis Sepyroba hqonda ganzraxuli. grigolma mefesTan mosalaparakeblad Suamavloba dosiTeos quTaTelsa da efTvime genaTels Txova: `TumcaRa icodnen grigolman da biZaman misman, romel cbierebs mefe da miyavs RalatisaTvis, garna imamaces guli da Semdgomad ramodenisame dRisa warviden esenica da mividen banZas, muniTgan wargzevnes kaci da iTxoves momgeblad mitrapalitni orni: quTaTeli dosiTeoz wereTeli, genaTeli efTvimi guriis erisTavis Ze, amasTan saxlTuxucesi wereTeli zurab da wulukiZe giorgi. movidnen eseni banZas, waruZRven dadiansa da mividen quTaTiss sasaxlesa Sina quTaTlisasa. da vinaTgan grZnobil iyo maTgan Ralati mefisa, grigol dadiani aRar STavida sasaxlesa mefisasa da biZamisi giorgi STavida, mefisa Tana sasaubrod da scna WeSmaritebiT, romel gamzadebul ars

172

mefe Ralatad da naxa damdgarni kacni, maSin warmovida da movida grigolisa Tana, uTxra cxadad mefisagan Ralati. maSin mswrafl aRmxedrda da warmoviden da warmohyven zemoTqmulni mitropolitebi da Tavadni imerelTani. da mefeman verRa SemarTa Ralatsa da dauteves ganbasrebuli. da dadiani movida xunws, da imerTa mRvdel-mTavarni da Tavadni ganutevna didiTa madlobiTa da warviden~ (dadiani 1962: 189).

mefe solomon II-m 1797 wels efTvime II genaTeli, rogorc SeTqmulebis monawile, imereTidan gaaZeva. efTvimem odiSs Seafara Tavi (rexviaSvili 1989: 90). man odiSidan dedofal darejans, mefe solomon II-is bebias, werili miswera da Tavisi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb auwya: ̀ ...egeb vinmes swadoda da kidec cdilobdnen Cemis eklesiisagan Cems gagdebas, magram misis umaRlesobisa da Tqvenis moridebiT ver qmnes. Torem didis xniT mesmoda batons Tqvens SvilTan rom ... masmendnen. magram icodaT (icodnen ? b. g.) rom misi umaRlesobisa da Tqveni imedi mqonda da gaegoT Tqveni Cemzed mowyaleba da aRTqma da aqamomde ver ikadnieres axalTa Tan ganmzraxTa Cemi gamogdeba. da axla ki xeli mkres da isev Senma samSoblom romelsac niadag gaWirvebuli SeuwynarebiaT Tumc Sewynarebas ar memarTleboden didaT Semiwynares. da aq gaxlavar orive biZa-Zmiswul WyondidelebTan. Sen mzes vficav Tu Tqvensadme gxlebode Torem amisTana pativ da nugeSi arsad mimeRos da arc menaxos. axla aq gaxlavar Tqvenis Zmiswulis da dadianis brZanebiT da SewynarebiT... (x.e.c. fondi HD - 298). efTvime dedofal darejans misadmi da mefe solomonisadmi erTgulebas umtkicebda da imereTis samefoze zrunvas Txovda: `Tumc devnil var magram es Cemi devna misi (mefe solomonis b. g.) brali ar aris, ymawvili aris da axalma ymawvilebma Semoitanes am gvari moqmedeba. da me maSinac mis Tavs vlocav rom dambadebelman RmerTman ganaZlieros RvTis msaxurebaSid da amaRldes. me sul rom am devnaSid viyo maSinac misi sicocxle da ganZliereba RvTis msaxurebasa da RvTis moyvarebaSid misces. bevri moxseneba axla TqvenTan samarTali ar aris. amisTvis rom

173

Cvenis ubedurobiT Tqveni goneba Sewuxebuli iqneba. magram Seni anTebuli sanTeli aris, Seni Svili aris da es samefoc Seni momzirali da naimedevi aris da iRvawe, nu daagdeb da rigians saqmezed SemoiyvaneT saqme rom RmerTTan da samarTalTan sjobdes Torem me ki sadac var Seni da am Senis Svilis mlocveli var uRirsiTa bagiTa~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 298).

garkveuli periodis Semdeg odiSSi devnili efTvime SarvaSiZe, mefe solomonma isev miiwvia gelaTis episkoposad (rexviaSvili 1989: 90). miuxedavad mefis Sewyalebisa, efTvimes guli ar gamTbara mis mimarT. genaTeli episkoposi SemdgomSic solomon II-is winaaRmdeg gamodioda.

efTvime II genaTeli, politikur procesebSi monawileobis paralelurad Tavis samwysos zrunvas ar aklebda. igi misi winamorbedi genaTlebis msgavsad, cdilobda gelaTisaTvis Sewirul miwebze glexebi daesaxlebina da meurneoba gamoecocxlebina. 1787 wels man okribas mxaris sofel sawireSi glexebis oTxi ojaxi daasaxla, maT Soris qarqaSaZeebi da xosikaSvilebi. amas garda gelaTTan axlos daasaxla bakuraZeebi, nagarevSi kacia eraZe misi SvilebiT da godoganSi oboli Zmebi leviZeebi (q. s. Z. 1970: 968). 1790 wels efTvime genaTelma odiSidan moiyvana `saerisTo kaci~ giorgi devaZe Tavisi ojaxiT da `gardaSenebuli~ gurgeniZiseul adgil-mamulSi daasaxla (iqve, 995). 1799 wels giorgi berZniSvilsa da mis ojaxs, mwvaneyvavilas galavnis qveS, rionis piras gogibelouris midamoebi uboZa samosaxlod (x.e.c. fondi AD - 793). 1801 wels qvelobans mcxovreb xelosans abesaZe ivanikasa da mis ojaxs, idemalaze mdgari wisqvili gadasca (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 894), 1804 wels iaSviliseul miwa - wyalze daasaxla WumburiZeebi da miqaberiZe (kakabaZe 1921b: 145). efTvime amavdroulad cdilobda gelaTis saydrisaTvis daebrunebina is ymebi, romlebic feodalebs hyavdaT misakuTrebuli. 1816 wels man RvankiTs mcxovrebi berika arabiZis ojaxi yifianisagan daixsna da kvlav gelaTis saydars daubruna. efTvimes wyalobiT berika arabiZes adgilic ki uyidia TerjolaSi da iq dasaxlebula (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme

174

- 6833).efTvime didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda raWa-imereTis

mRvdelmTavarTa Soris. xoneli episkoposi anton CijavaZe Tavis anderZSi mis krebuls ubarebs: `wmindano mRudelno aw amas vTxoulob winaSe Tqvensa rom qristes gulisaTvis wmindas da yovlad samRudelos gaenaTel mitropolits muxlmodgmiT da cremliT SemavedroT, rom Cems suls mouaros da gamirigos es Cemi naanderZevi...~ (furcelaZe 1890: 19). anton CijavaZis anderZi d. furcelaZem SecdomiT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis anton II-is anderZad miiCnia da gamoaqveyna rogorc `anderZi anton II saqarTvelos kaTalikosisa,~ magram Semdgom gairkva, rom aRniSnuli anderZi romelic 1793 wels daiwera, ara anton II-s, aramed xonel mTavarepiskopos anton CijavaZes ekuTvnoda. anton CijavaZes anderZSi aRniSnuli aqvs, rom misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi naRvawi da nagrovebi rvaasi marCili, dasavleT saqarTvelos samRvdeloebas gaunawilon. maT Soris: `genaTel mitropolit efTvimis mierTvas sawiravad krebulianaT ormoci marCili.... Tu batonma genaTelma efTvimim inebos, da daviT winamZRuarma, eseebi sadac me davimarxo im eklesiazed daiduas Cemis sulis mosaxseneblad da saoxad, raTamca moixsenebden sulsa Cemsa ubadruksa da codvilsa keTilTagan caliersa~ (iqve 15-20).

am anderZis daweris dros xoneli episkoposi anton CijavaZe ver warmoidgenda, rom 30 wlis Semdeg raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi gauqmdeboda da am faqtis momswre Tavad gaxdeboda, xolo genaTeli mitropoliti efTvime, romelsac anderZiT Tavis sulze zrunvas ubarebda, sicocxles ruseTis Soreul monasterSi daasrulebda.

efTvime genaTels 1793 wels miabares afxazeTis kaTalikosis maqsime abaSiZis kuTvnili Zvirfasi nivTebi. maT Soris iyo: jvaris sasanTle oqroTi daferili, didi vercxlis lampari, vercxlis sanawile oqroTi daferili, macxovris xati oqros jaWviT, sakaTalikoso sawirav-sartyeli, erTi omfori, ori wigni mxedruliT dawerili

175

da sxva. CamoTvlili nivTebis nusxas win darTuli aqvs efTvimes sityvebi: `q. maTis uwmidesobis kaTalikozis maqsimis gamogzavnili misis Zmis qaixosros abaSiZisagan: me gaenaTel mitropolits efTvimis momebara: qristes aqeT C R J g (1793)~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 14050).

genaTel da quTaTel mitropolitebs didi gavlena hqondaT imereTis feodalur sazogadoebaSi da samefo karzec. maT avtoritets angariSs uwevda mefe solomon II. dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli, mefesTan daaxloebul saero feodalebTan erTad, Suamavlis rols kisrulobdnen imereTis mefesa da ruseTis saxelisuflebo wreebs Soris warmoebul molaparakebebSi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, efTvime II genaTeli, xSir SemTxvevaSi mefe solomon II-s winaaRmdeg gamodioda. Zneli saTqmelia riT iyo gamowveuli efTvimes aseTi radikaluri pozicia mefis mimarT, magram faqtia, rom is arc maSin dadga solomon II-is gverdiT, rodesac imereTis samefos yofna aryofnis sakiTxi wydeboda.

1802 wels ruseTis imperiam qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsiis Semdeg, Tavisi agresia dasavleT saqarTvelosken mimarTa. ruseTis xelisuflebis mizani iyo amierkavkasiis sruli gakontroleba, Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde. maT pirvel yovlisa imereTis samefos gauqmeba ganizraxes, romelic amierkavkasiaSi ruseTis imperias dasaxuli gegmebis ganxorcielebaSi ewinaaRmdegeboda. 1803-1804 wlebSi ruseTis xelisuflebis iZulebiT, samegrelos mTavarma grigol dadianma da imereTis mefe solomon II-m, ruseTTan mfarvelobiTi xelSekrulebebi dades, romlis ZaliTac samegrelos mTavrisa da imereTis mefis uflebebi sagrZnoblad izRudeboda. mogvianebiT ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobis qveS Sevidnen guriisa da afxazeTis samTavroebic.

mefe solomon II moZalebuli rusuli agresiisagan Tavisi samefos gadarCenas cdilobda. 1809 wlisTvis imereTis samefoSi situacia radikalurad daiZaba. quTaisSi ruseTis jaris nawilebi idgnen. mefe solomon II Tavisi

176

amaliT varcixeSi gadavida.1809 wlis 30 dekembers imereTis samRvdeloebam

da Tavad aznaurobam, TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebels general aleqsandre tormasovs, imereTTan axali xelSekrulebis dadebis Sesaxeb. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom imereTis sazogadoebas surda SenarCunebuliyo imereTis mefis xelisufleba, ruseTis imperatoris mfarvelobis qveS. mimarTvas saero pirebTan erTad xels awerdnen raWa-imereTis oTxive episkoposi: quTaTeli dosiTeos wereTeli, genaTeli efTvime SarvaSiZe, xoneli anton CijavaZe da nikorwmindeli sofronios wulukiZe (kakabaZe 1956: 416).

mefe solomon II-sa da ruseTis xelisuflebas Soris warmoebulma molaparakebebma uSedegod Caiara. generali tormasovis brZanebiT, 1810 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi ruseTis Zalebma mefis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba daiwyes. 21 Tebervals polkovnikma Tevdore simionoviCma general tormasovs pataki gaugzavna mefe solomon II-is samefo taxtidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb (iqve, 446). tormasovma, polkovnik Tevdore simionoviCs solomon II-is dapatimreba daavala. mTavarmmarTebelma simionoviCis dasaxmareblad mouwoda samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebsac, levan dadiansa da mamia guriels, romlebic dauyovnebliv warmoemarTnen TavianTi jarebiT simionoviCTan.

niko dadianis cnobiT: ̀ Seikriba spani mengrelTani levan dadianma, gavediT cxenis wyalsa da davebanakeT jihaiSs. gavida iq Renerali (niko dadiani simonoviCs generlad moixseniebs) svimonoviCi mxedrobiTa da SeverTdiT. xolo mefe idga imerel spiTa vardcixes. xolo xelmwife imperatorsa uerTgules imerelTa amaT: yovlad samRvdelom genaTel mitropolitma efTvimi, Tavadma saxlTuxucesma zurab qaixosros Zem wereTelma, Tavadma otiam da sexniam wulukiZem, da eseni iyvnen Cven Tana. da sxva imerelTa mouklebeli idga mefe vardcixes~ (dadiani 1962: 221).

rusuli jariT alya Semortymuli mefe solomon II iZulebuli gaxda mters damorCileboda: `SuamdgomlobiTa

177

genaTel mitropolitis efTvimis guriis erisTavis SvilisaTa darwmunebul iqmna da Camovida mTidam mefe (solomon II b. g.) da Seeyara Renerals svimonoviCis fersaTs salxino saydarzed martSi da Sefica Reneralma mefes raTamc qalaqs wabrZandes mTavar marTebels Reneral leitenant tormasovisTan da imis naxvis Semdeg isev daSTeboda mefed rogorc pirvel, romlis rwmunebuli mefe wabrZanda Tfiliss Tavis TavadebiT da iaxla genaTeli efTvimi da nikolaos wmideli wulukiZe sofron, da mefe daWeril iqmna Tfiliss yaraulis dayenebiT _ da daSTa imereTis marTebelaT Renerali svimonoviCi~ (Jordania 1967: 473).

Zneli saTqmelia icoda Tu ara genaTelma efTvimem simionoviCisa da tormasovis faruli gegmis Sesaxeb, romelic mefe solomonis dapatimrebas da ruseTSi gadasaxlebas isaxavda miznad, magram faqtia, rom mefe motyuebuli darCa.

ruseTis xelisuflebam solomon II-is amalis wevrebi 1810 wlis aprilis TveSi, ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daafica. erTgulebis fics saero pirebTan erTad xeli moaweres efTvime genaTelma da sofronios wulukiZem (kakabaZe 1956: 487).

1810 wlis 10 maiss mefe solomon II-m patimrobidan gaqceva SeZlo da axalcixeSi gadavida. igi imereTSi Semosvlas da samefo taxtis dabrunebas gegmavda. solomon II-m imereTSi Tavis erTgul Tavad- aznaurobas werilebi gaugzavna da daxmareba Txova. man 1810 wlis 17 maiss didi grZnobiT savse werili miswera dosiTeos quTaTelsac. mefe quTaTels werda: `imereTis saukunod datovebis cecxli Cems guls moegzna; cas qveSeTs didebas - TqvenTan yofna, TqvenTan sixaruli, TqvenTan sicocxle da sikvdili virCie... nu daidebT saukunod saZraxis saqmes da nu daiRupebiT qarTlsaviT, romelic sulierad did paraskevs xorcs sWamen da xorcielad gatanjulni sikvdils natruloben. gaisarjeT Tqveneburad, ojaxi didi Tu mcire Tqveni mokeTebuli da Tqveni samwyso imereTSi yvelani ganamtkiceT da Tqveni Cemzed mama-Sviluri siyvaruli da

178

SemZlebloba dRes gamoacxadeT. Tu damajerebT, me TviTon Semoval TqvenTan da ucxo jarebs aRar daveZeb, rom RvTisa da Tqvenis Sesawuxebeli saqme ar mohxdes - ra da, rogorc Tqvengan pasuxi momiva, amad guli daajereT TqvenTan da imereTSi cxovrebisaTvis Cemi sicocxle unda davasrulo, icodeT...~ (xuskivaZe 1990: 34).

mefe solomon II 1810 wlis ivnisis TveSi imereTSi dabrunda. mas Tan axldnen qaixosro da rostom wereTlebi, daviT da grigol erisTavebi da sxvani (Jordania 1967: 473). nawili imereTis Tavad-aznaurebisa mefes miemxro, nawili simonoviCTan darCa. mefe solomonis gverdiT arc amjerad damdgara efTvime genaTeli.

niko dadianis cnobiT, mefe solomoni: `STamovida imereTs da mivida misa yoveli imereTi Tvinier genaTlisa, zurab wereTlisa da otia da sexnia wulukiZisa, da eseni erTgulebda rusTa. maSin imereTis mmarTebelman feodor filipoviCman simonovman miiwvia Tvisis spiTa dadiani. da warvediT ganvediT imereTad. da SemogveerTa Cven rusTa mxedroba da romeli ara movidoda erTgulebasa zeda xemwife imperatorisasa, vswvidiT da vaoxrebdiT, garna mravali moviden damorCilebad~ (dadiani 1962: 202). am sityvebidan naTeli xdeba rogori mZime viTareba iyo Seqmnili imereTSi.

uTanasworo brZolaSi mefe solomon II damarcxda da iZulebuli gaxda imereTs gascloda. igi jer axalcixeSi gadavida, Semdeg trapizonSi Cavida. mefe imeds ar kargavda rom imereTSi dabrundeboda. am molodinSi gaatara man xuTi weli trapizonSi da 1815 wlis 15 Tebervals 41 wlis asakSi iqve gardaicvala. masTan myofma qarTvelebma solomoni iq arsebul berZnul eklesiaSi dakrZales.

mefe solomon II-is gandevnis Semdeg imereTSi rusuli mmarTveloba damyarda. rogorc Cans, efTvime genaTeli, ise rogorc rusuli orientaciis mqone sxva saero feodalebi, darwmunebuli iyo rom erTmorwmune ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS, misi qveyana airidebda mraval gansacdels da gaZlierebis gzaze dadgeboda, magram mwared motyuvda. mfarvelis rangSi

179

movlenili ruseTis imperiis xelisufleba, qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis gauqmebis Semdeg, mravalsaukunovan qarTul samociqulo eklesiasac miadga.

1810 wels saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqi anton II ruseTSi waiyvanes, saidanac mas samSobloSi dabrunebis neba aRar misces. anton II am faqts protestiT Sexvda magram verafers gaxda. mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxtma arseboba Sewyvita.

ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdeboba, saqarTvelos egzarqosis TanamdebobiT Secvala. saqarTvelos pirvel egzarqosaT qsnis erisTavebis STamomavali varlam erisTavi daadgines. saqarTvelos saegzarqoso ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis uwmindes sinods daeqvemdebara.

saqarTveloSi saeklesio saqmeebis marTvisaTvis Seiqmna dikasteria (specialuri organo), romlis saTaveSic saqarTvelos pirveli egzarqosi varlami Cadga. varlamis mier SemuSavebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis proeqti, mcireodeni SesworebebiT, 1811 wlis 30 ivniss ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma daamtkica.

mcxeTis sakaTalikosoSi arsebuli 13 eparqia, ruseTis xelisuflebam oramde (qarTlis - mcxeTis da kaxeTis - alaverdis) Seamcira.

1814 wels gauqmebuli iqna afxazeTis sakaTalikosoc. Seiqmna saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora, romelSic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebTan erTad, afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi Semavali eparqiebic gaerTianda da saqarTvelos egzarqos svarlams daeqvemdebara. es ukanaskneli ki rogorc aRvniSneT, ruseTis eklesiis sinods emorCileboda: `...gankargva saeklesioTa dawesebulebaTa imereTsa Sina, samegrelosa da guriasa, da yovelnive saqmeni sasulieroisadmi nawilis Sesaxebni, aw mdgomareobdes TviT usaSualosa qveSe damokidebulebasa tfilisis sinodis kantorisasa...~ naTqvamia saqarTvelo - imereTis uwmindesi mmarTebeli sinodis brZanebulebaSi (x.e.c. fondi HD - 5686).

180

marTalia, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso iuridiulad 1814 wels gauqmda, magram faqtobrivad is da masSi Semavali saepiskoposoebi, arsebobas ganagrZobdnen. afxazeTis kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba dosiTeos quTaTels hqonda SeTavsebuli. aqtiur moRvaweobas agrZelebda efTvime genaTelic.

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos gauqmebamde ori wliT adre, imereTSi moaruli seni gaCnda, ramac uamravi adamiani Seiwira. erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT: `qoronikonsa C y i b (1812) (imereTSi b. g.) didi SimSili iyo da Jami gaCnda asTe rom mravali xalxi daixoca TiTqmis aRar darCenila meoTxedi~ (Jordania 1967: 492).

XIX s-is dasawyisSi gelaTis samwyso daaxloebiT Svidasamde komls iTvlida, (aznauriTa da glexiT) TiTo komlSi 8-9 sulis angariSiT (kakabaZe 1956: 382). mosaxleobis es raodenoba im periodis imereTis samefosTvis mniSvnelovani Zala iyo. 1819 wels Sedgenili dokumentis mixedviT, 1782 wels imereTis samefoSi 18 980 komli cxovrobda. saSualo gamoangariSebiT erT komlze Tu eqvs suls vivaraudebT, gamodis rom imereTis samefoSi XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze 159 930 mcxovrebi yofila. iqve miTiTebulia, rom amJamad (e. i. 1819 wels) imereTis mosaxleoba 12 730 komls Seadgenso (vaWriZe g: 1999: 34). imereTis mosaxleobis eseTi mkveTri Semcireba 1812 wlis Jamianobam gamoiwvia.

efTvime JamTa viTarebis Sedegad imereTSi umemkvidrod darCenil adgil-mamulebze xalxis dasaxlebas agrZelebda. 1812 wels man `gardaSenebuli~ xosika da ivanika xoxiaSvilebis miwaze glexi alfaiZe nasxitela da misi Zmiswulebi daasaxla (q. s. Z. 1970: 1117). 1817 wels godogans mcxovreb margvelaSvil kikolas da mis Zmiswul gogias, uZeod gardaSenebulebis mRvdeli iese kvinixiZisa da misi Zmis daviTelas mamuli uboZa (iqve, 1129). aseTi faqtebi mravlad gvxvdeba efTvimes mier gacemul Sewirulobis wignebSi. upatronod darCenil miwa-wyalze glexebis dasaxlebiT, efTvime genaTeli soflis meurneobis

181

aRorZinebas cdilobda. misma eseTma energiulma moqmedebam mravali adamiani ixsna gansacdelisgan da maT momavlis imedi Causaxa.

irkveva, rom efTvime cdilobda saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebelTan daaxloebas, magram am sakiTxSi mas garkveuli Zalebi xels uSlidnen. amas mowmobs efTvimes mier 1816 wels ucnobi adresatisadmi gagzavnili werili: `...Cemo xelmwife, vinc iqidam mosulni arian saidumloT miTxres, rom Turme mimeloda mTavarmarTebeli da wyalobas Turme mipirebda da kidec Turme sjobda Cemi Casvla. da megobrobiT damabrales dabruneba mara axla raRa gaewyoba sanam ar gardaswydeba manamdis verafers vewevi da ra mizezze damabrunes isec mogxsendeba da an vin damabruna. sul mdivanbegebma moixelovnes Cemi kacis SemoCena da dabruneba. mara RmerTs da Cems eklesias vevedrebi da samarTals vsTxov batons mdivanbegebzed. eklesia da Cemi moxucebuloba aRaSfoTes da qTamSid gamyides batono. aprilis v (6) weli C y i v (1816) beWedi `genaTeli mitropoliti efTvimi~ (x.e.c. fondi HD - 14741). samwuxarod CvenTvis ucnobia ra reagireba mohyva ucnobi adresatis mxridan efTvime genaTelis werils.

1817 wels varlam erisTavi egzarqosobidan gadaayenes da mis nacvlad daadgines Teofilaqte rusanovi. egzarqos Teofilaqtes imereTSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daevala da isic aqtiurad Seudga am saqmes.

`(1819 wlis) ivnisis TveSid movida saqarTvelos egzarxi mitropoliti Teofilakte brZanebiTa misis imperatorebisis didebulebis ruseTis xelmwifisaTa sasulieros Statis dasawyobad, raTa qmnil iyo erT eparxiad da im erTs eparxiis zemdgoms mRvdelTa-mTavars xel qveS unda Sesuliyo yovelive sasuliero saqme da egreTve eklesiis ymaTa, Tumc samrevloTa Semosavali wlaT, wlaT angariSid gardawyvetil yovelive debuleba ymaTadmi TeTraT angariSiT unda mirTmeoda im daniSnuls mRvdelT mTavars vinc iqmneboda da misgan unda miscemoda kantoras angariSi da mRvdel mTavars unda qoneboda da ganwesebuli ricxviT

182

TeTri fuliT rodenime nebis mebr mlocveli beri da egreve Sinayma da msaxuri da romelTac imereTis mcxovrebT Tavadman eklesia Tavis ymiT memkvidreobiT sWeriaT is unda aRweriliyo msgavsad saeparxioTa, romlisa amis msmenelni imereTis sazogadoeba miecaT ara mcireds mwuxarebasa~ (Jordania 1967: 597).

am reformis ZaliT imereTis saepiskoposoebi erT eparqiad erTiandeboda, romlis saTaveSi mdgomi mRvdelmTavari, saqarTvelos egzarqoss unda damorCileboda. unda Semcirebuliyo imereTSi arsebuli moqmedi eklesiebi da daTxovniliyvnen RvTismsaxurebi. eparqiis glexebs, romlebic samwyso gadasaxadebs aqamde naturiT (sasoflo produqtebiT) ixdidnen, amieridan fuliT unda gadaexadaT, rac manamde arsebul gadasaxadebs orjer aRemateboda. yovelive aman xalxis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia, (am sakiTxebze Cven wina TavSic gvqonda saubari. ix. raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba).

1819 wels mdinare rionTan Seikribnen ajanyebuli Tavadebi, samRvdeloeba da glexobab sul ramdenime aTasi adamiani. am Sekrebaze gadawyvites aerCiaT TavianTi mefe (tyeSelaSvili 2005: 23).

krebas eswreboda efTvime genaTelic. SekrebilTa nawili imereTis mefobis kandidatad qaixosro abaSiZis Svils ivanes asaxelebda. efTvime genaTelsa da zurab wereTels ki surdaT, mefe solomon I-is SviliSvilis, giorgi aleqsandres Zis vaJi aleqsandre gaemefebinaT. es ukanaskneli iyo efTvime genaTelis Zmiswulis Svili. krebam sabolood ivane abaSiZis kandidatura miiRo (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 149).

imereTSi sazogadoebis mRelvareba ar cxreboda. yvela adgilobriv eklesiaSi bukebis dakvriT ikribeboda xalxi da xatebze erTobis fics Rebulobda. dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli xalxs eklesiis uflebebis dasacavad mouwodebdnen. quTaisSi Casuli Teofilaqte iZulebuli Seiqmna ukan dabrunebuliyo, man Tavisi ganzraxva Secvala da gamoacxada, rom saeklesio reforma imereTSi ar

183

Catardeboda (tyeSelaSvili 2005: 25).imereTidan momavali egzarqosi Teofilaqte, 1819 wlis

ivlisis TveSi suramTan Sexvda ierusalimSi mimaval giorgi avaliSvils. giorgi avaliSvilis TqmiT egzarqosis Tanmxlebni mas urCevdnen: ̀ imereTisadmi warusuelelobisaTvis, vinaiTgan sazogadoebai imerTa, TqvmulTa ZliT maTTa, aRZrvul iyunen anu lamobdnen pirispir mmarTebelobisa~ (avaliSvili 1967: 14). quTaisSi Casul giorgi avaliSvils genaTeli efTvime mounaxulebia: ̀ moxuci spetakiTa TmiTa da wveriTa ganbrwyinebuli...~ ase aRwers igi genaTel episkoposs, romelic im droisaTvis 80 wlamde miRweuli magram `mxne da mkvircxlad mqceveli~ yofila. efTvimes giorgisaTvis uambnia: `Tu viTar mohpyrobiyo amaT saqarTueloisa ekzarxosi Teofilakte drosa Tvisisa quTaTiss yofnisa da sruliTa gulSemusrvilebiTa da cremliTa TxeviTa Civoda qcevasa zeda missa~ (iqve).

1820 wlis 9 Tebervlis werilSi, saqarTvelos egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovi general veliaminovs werda: ̀ Главнокомандующий вь Грузии ген. Ермоловь, изь кр. Дербента извещая меня о решимости своей удалить из Имеретии тамошнихь митрополитовъ: Кутаисского Доситеия и Гаенатского Евеимия, изволить требовать, чтобы я сообшиль в пр. мнение свое какь объ удалении означенныхъ преосващенныхъ, такъ и о томъ, имею ли я тамъ людей благонамеренныхъ, кои могли бы затенить ихъ немедленно.

Во исполнение сего честь имею уведомить, в пр. что по трем окригамъ Кутаисскому, Вакинскому и Рачинскому, до будущего усмотрения, управление духовными делами можно поручить Рачинскому преосвященному архиепископу Софронию а по Шорапанскому - митрополиту Давиду Церетели~ (Акты... 1874: 575).

generalma veliaminovma 1820 wlis 12 Tebervals saidumlo werili gaugzavna imereTSi myof polkovnik puzirevskis. werilSi CamoTvlili iyo dasakavebel pirTa sia, romlebic rusulma xelisuflebam buntis moTaveebad

184

Seracxa. eseni iyvnen: solomon I-is asuli darejan batoniSvili da misi vaJi ivane abaSiZe, mitropolitebi dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli, tabakinis monastris arqimandriti grigoli, mRvdeli ioseb guncaZe, agreTve beJan wereTeli (dosiTeos quTaTelis ZmiSvili), nikoloz abaSiZe, sexnia wulukiZe, daviT miqelaZe da grigol CxeiZe. dasakavebel pirTa asayvanad puzirevskis unda gamoeyenebina kazakebis razmi. aRniSnuli pirebis dakaveba unda momxdariyo erTdroulad da gauxmaureblad, raTa am ambavs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aRSfoTeba ar gamoewvia (Акты... 1874: 576).

1820 wlis 15 Tebervlis werilSi mTavarmmarTebeli aleqsi ermolovi general veliaminovs werda, rom mitropolitebi dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli, dakavebisTanave gaegzavnaT ruseTSi (novgorodSi). nabrZanebi iyo mgzavrobis dros maTTvis mieCinaT qarTuli enis mcodne sando piri. mitropolitebi mozdokamde gamocdil oficers unda Caeyvana, raTa Tavi aeridebinaT gzaSi mosalodneli sirTuleebisagan (iqve). Tavis mxriv generali veliaminovi 1820 wlis 23 Tebervlis werilSi afrTxilebda puzirevskis, rom mitropolitebis dakavebis dros kazakebs sifrTxile gemoeCinaT, raTa winaaRmdegobis gawevis SemTxvevaSi, mxcovani episkoposebi ar SemokvdomodaT da amiT xalxis abunteba ar gamoewviaT. xolo Tuki dosiTeos quTaTeli an efTvime genaTeli dapatimrebis dros SemoakvdebodaT, maTi cxedrebi adgilze ar daetovebinaT da arc mdinareSi gadaeyaraT, radgan SesaZloa mdinares isini gamoeriya. mitropolitebi cocxali Tu mkvdari mozdokamde unda CaeyvanaT (iqve, 582). es werilebi naTels fens Tu ra damokidebuleba hqonda rusul xelisuflebas Cveni sasuliero pirebisa da zogadad qarTveli xalxis mimarT.

mitropolitebis dakaveba 1820 wlis 3 marts (zogierTi wyaroebiT 4 marts) ganxorcielda. daviT batoniSvilis cnobiT: `gardavida ra (imereTs b. g.) veliaminovi, aman Ramesa erTsa, martis 3, didmarxuaSi Seipyrna eseni titvelni Rame; quTaTels da genaTels da arqimandrits

185

cqitiSvils grigols Tavs Camoacves welamdin tomrebi da Seukres zevidam xelni da hgvemes friad quTaTels, da Tavisis saxlidam TreviT Zirs Camoitanes, dastanjes ese berebi uwyalod Tvinier yovlisa mizezisa, vinaiTgan surdaT rusTa, raTa aRexocaT saqarTveloiT da imereTiT mRvdelT mTavarnica, viTarca samefoi saxli saqarTvelos da imereTisa...~ (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 149).

aseTi araadamianuri mopyrobis Sedegad mxcovani meufe dosiTeos quTaTeli gzaSi, suramTan gardaicvala. igi ananurSi daasaflaves. efTvime genaTelma da arqimandritma grigol cqitiSvilma novgorodSi CaaRwies. imperator aleqsandre I-s meufe efTvimesTan Sexvedra moundomebia da datyvevebuli genaTeli episkoposi: `muniT nebiTa xelmwifisaTa miuwodes peterburxs, da naxa TviT xelmwifeman, da hsca pativi Semzgavsebuli~ (iqve, 150). arsebobs gadmocema, rom efTvime genaTeli ar moerida mis imperatorobiT udidebulesobas da saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis warTmevisaTvis, samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis, mas axali neroni uwoda (tyeSelaSvili 2005: 51).

rusulma mmarTvelobam quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebis dosiTeosisa da efTvimes mier sxvadasxva dros gacemuli dokumentebis Semowmeba gadawyvita. 1821 wlis seqtembris TveSi, rusuli mmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli petre gorCakovi, imereTis arxier sofronios wulukiZes werda: ̀Tqveno yovlad samRvdeloebav... gamgem saqarTveloisa... warmogzavna imereTis arxieris mmarTeblobaSi oris nusxiT CamorTmeuli yovlad samRvdeloT mitropolitebT quTaTisis dosiTeozisagan da gaenaTis efTvimisagan werilni da sabuTebi gansaxilvelaT maTis samarTlisa samRvdelos mxris deputatTan.

gauwyeb amas Tquens yovlad samRvdeloebas da umorCilesad gTxov Tqven, gansarCevelaT da gansaxilvelaT aRniSnulis werilebisa = daniSnoT... samRvdelosa deputati da ubZaneT mas am saqmisaTvis gamocxadeba imereTis arxieris mmarTeblobaSi, da vinca iqmnebis daniSnuli meca pativ

186

meciT uwyebiTa TqveniTa... Tquenis yovlad saRudeloebis mowyalis mwyemsmTavris umorCilesi mosamsaxure Tavadi petre garCakovi... sekdembersa C y k a (1821) quTaisiT mis yovlad samRvdeloebas arxiers sofronios...~ (q. c. a: fondi - 21, saqme - 5).

ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg efTvime genaTels didxans aRar ucocxlia. is sviris monasterSi gadaiyvanes, romelic peterburgidan 200 versis daSorebiT mdebareobda. samSoblosagan mowyvetili da tanjuli gelaTis ukanaskneli episkoposi efTvime SarvaSiZe, 1822 wlis 21 aprils 76 wlis asakSi aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monasterSi aResrula. arsebobs gadmocema rom wesis agebis Jams gardacvlili efTvime: `kubodan wamojda zezed da daswera juari (krebulTa b. g.) viTarca cocxalman da kualad miwva kubosave da miiZina. daecaT SiSi didi mun myofTa yovelTave, da aqebdes RmerTsa amis wmidisasa da daidumes ese SiSiTa rusTaTa~ (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 150).

efTvime II genaTeli svirelis saxelobis monastris sakurTxevelSi dakrZales (tyeSelaSvili 2005: 55). 2005 wlis 1 aprils sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-s locva-kurTxeviT, efTvime genaTelis neSti saqarTveloSi Camoasvenes da 9 aprils gelaTis miwas miabares. qarTveli erisa da qarTuli eklesiisaTvis Tavdadebuli genaTeli episkoposi efTvime SarvaSiZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa.

1820 wels genaTeli efTvimes ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg, gelaTis saepiskoposom faqtiurad arseboba Sewyvita. 1821 wlis noembris TveSiki raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi oficialurad gauqmda da axlad Seqmnil imereTis eparqiaSi gaerTianda, romelsac nikorwmindeli episkoposi sofronios wulukiZe Caudga saTaveSi.

187

genaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi

melqisedek sayvareliZe 1529 - 1550 - iani wlebi. antoni (yofili mawyvereli) XVI s - is 50 - iani wlebi - 1567-68 ww. abaSiZe (saxeli ucnobia) 1567-68 - 1570-iani wlebi.domenti CxetiZe XVI 80-iani ww-dan - XVI-90- ian ww-de?svimon batoniSvili 1595-96 - 1637?zaqaria qvariani 1637 - 1659-60 ww.abraami 1660 - 1662?gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1662 - 1673 ww.daviT nemsaZe 1673 w.grigoli 1673 - 1678 ww.gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1678 - 1682 ww.nikoloz lorTqifaniZe 1682 - 1690-91 ww.markoz laSxiSvili 1690-91 - 1697-98 ww.?gabriel I giorgis Ze dadiani 1697-98 - 1701 ww.nikolozi 1701 - 1717-20 ww.?gabriel II beJanis Ze dadiani 1720-21 -1723 ww.gedeon CxetiZe (baris erisTavi) 1723 - 1733 ww.?efTvime I SarvaSiZe 1736-37 - 1745 ww.ioseb bagrationi 1745 - 1776 ww.efTvime II ServaSiZe 1776 - 1820 ww.

188

Tavi VI

xoneli episkoposebis moRvaweoba da

maTi qronologiuri rigi

(1529 - 1820)

`axali qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnobis mixedviT, 1529 wels imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510–1565) iniciativiT quTaisis saepiskoposos gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi gamoeyo. genaTel episkoposad melqisedek sayvareliZe, xonel episkoposad ki manoel CxetiZe iqna dadgenili. maT afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosma malaqia abaSiZem daasxa xeli. „...amasve drosa imave patronman (mefe bagrat III – em b. g.) gaaCina xonel episkopozad mCxetis – Ze manoel misve kaTalikozisa (malaqia abaSiZis b. g.) xeliTa saydarTa Sigan biWvintisaTa, qoronikoni iyo :siz: (1529). warvediT afxazeTs sakurTxevelad ivniss ak (20), da movediT ivliss ak (20)“ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 493). analogiuri cnobaa daculi „parizis qronikaSi“ (parizis qronika 1980: 41). amrigad, pirveli xoneli episkoposis pativi 1529 wels manoel CxetiZes xvda wilad.

T. Jordanias varaudiT, TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi moxseniebuli quTaTeli manoeli, SeiZleba 1529 wels xonelad xeldasxmuli da SemdgomSi nikorwmindeli manoel CxetiZe iyos (Jordania 1897: 233). aRniSnuli sigeli gacemulia mefe aleqsandres mier. masSi moxseniebuli arian: svimon mawyvereli, manuel quTaTeli, daviT cxeTeli, elia Wyondideli, barTlome caiSeli da sxvani (iqve, 235). TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigeli Tavdapirvelad eqvTime TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna gazeT `iveriaSi~ 1891 wels. misi azriT, sigeli gacemulia erTiani saqarTvelos mefis aleqsandre didis (1412-1442) mier, radgan sigelSi moxseniebuli ivane aTabagi, aleqsandre didis mefobis dros cxovrobda. e. TayaiSvilma es dokumenti 1413-1442 wlebiT daaTariRa (iveria 1891: 213). T. Jordanias

189

varaudiT, TofuriZeTa sigeli gacemuli unda iyos ara mefe aleqsandre didis, aramed imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is (1484-1510) mier, radgan sigelSi moxseniebuli svimon mawyvereli moRvaweobda aleqsandre II-is mefobis periodSi, yvaryvare aTabagis Zis mzeWabukis dros, XV saukunis meore naxevarSi (Jordania 1897: 233).

aRniSnuli sigeli s. kakabaZem 1490 wliT daaTariRa (sastorio moambe 1924: 65). bolo periodSi TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelis Sesaxeb gamokvleva Caatara T. jojuam. misi varaudiT sigeli 1484-1488 wlebs Soris unda iyos gacemuli, imereTis mefis aleqsandre II-is mier (jojua 2002: 119-120). aRniSnuli cnobebis gaTvaliswinebiT quTaTeli manuelis quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweoba XV s - is II naxevris dasawyisidan 1488 wlamde ganisazRvra (gabisonia disertacia: D 6249, 54). ar aris gamoricxuli TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi moxseniebuli quTaTeli manoeli, 1529 wels xonelad xeldasxmuli manoel CxetiZe iyos, romelic 1529 wlisaTvis, sakmaod xandazmuli unda yofiliyo.

Cans, manoel CxetiZe mefe bagrat III-is erTguli iyo. manoelis xonel episkoposad moRvaweobas 1529-1558 wlebiT sazRvraven (failoZe 1997: 164), rac sizustes moklebulia. 1534 wels imereTis mefe bagrat III-m nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Semdeg, manoel CxetiZe xonidan nikorwmindaSi gadaiyvana.1 manoel CxetiZes xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze xuTi weli dauyvia. igi arc nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze Cans didxans. manoeli nikorwmindelobis Semdeg mawyvereli gamxdara. erT-erT wyaroSi manoel CxetiZe mawyverelad ixsenieba: „CxetiZesa manoelsa mawyuerelsa dRegrZelobiT codvani maTni Seundnes Rn (RmerTman)“ (TayaiSvili 1939: 5). manoel CxetiZes mawyverelis pativi 1538 wlis Semdeg unda mieRo, radgan manamde awyuris saepiskoposo kaTedra ioakimes ekava (gurgeniZe: xelnaweris uflebiT).

manoel CxetiZis Semdeg xonel episkoposad zaqaria

1 ix. axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba XVI s-is pirvel naxevarSi

190

CxetiZe Cans. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, xonelma zaqariam monawileoba miiRo bagrat III-is iniciativiT mowveul saeklesio krebaSi, romelic XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi gaimarTa.1 „...Seikrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi malaqia, afxazTa kaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereT-odiSisani. xolo episkoposni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim, Caiseli kirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernes da SeaCuennes moqmedni misni, viTarca gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi“ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 824). krebas miuRia dokumenti, romelic „samarTali kaTalikozisa“-s saxeliT aris cnobili.

zaqaria CxetiZes xonis saydrisaTvis Seuqmnia sawinamZRvro jvari. am faqts aRniSnul jvarze asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli warwera gvamcnobs: „q. Zelo cxovrebisao, romelica sxurebul iqmen ubiwoTa miT sisxliTa qristesiTa, Seiwyale suli mefeT mefisa bagratisi da warmarTe da ganaZliere mefeT mefoba Zisa maTisa giorgisi. da mecva-farvaTa SenTa mindobilman uRirsman xonel mTavarefiskopozman CxetiZeman zaqaria Sevqmen juari ese saxsrad sulisa Cemisa. nuvin mkadr iqmnebis gamoxmad saydrisa amis xonisa, amin~ (TayaiSvili1913-14: 278). warwera Sesrulebulia bagrat III-s gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi Zis giorgi II-is mefobis dros. e. TayaiSvilma aRniSnuli warweris Sesrulebis TariRad 1548-1585 wlebi miiCnia. didi mecnieri eyrdnoboda vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobas, sadac bagrat III-is gardacvalebis TariRad 1548 weli aRiniSneba. Tanamedrove samecniero wreebSi bagrat III-is gardacvalebis TariRad 1565 welia miCneuli. aqedan gamomdinare, xonis sawinamZRvro jvris warweris Seqmnis periodi 1565–1583 wlebiT ganisazRvra (sayvareliZe 1987: 72). am warweridan Cans, rom zaqarias, xonelis pativi giorgi II-is mefobis drosac hqonda. a. failoZe s. kakabaZis varaudze dayrdnobiT manoel CxetiZis Semdeg, zaqaria CxetiZis xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweobas 1558-

1 vrclad ix. genaTeli episkoposebi 1529 - 1820 wlebSi

191

1578 wlebiT sazRvravs (failoZe 1997: 60). Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, manoel CxetiZes xonelis pativi 1558 wlamde ar sWeria. amitom SesaZlebelia zaqarias xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra 1558 welze adre daekavebina. man xonel episkoposad daaxloebiT XVI saukunis 30-70-ian wlebSi imoRvawa.

XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze unda SeedginaT xonis saydris davTari, romelic warmoadgens xonis saepiskoposos glexebis samwyso gadasaxadebis nusxas. xonis davTari 1621 wlamde unda Sedgeniliyo, radgan is mTlianad Setanilia afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mamulebis davTarSi, romelic 1621 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosis, caiSel–xonel–jumaTel mTavarepiskoposis malaqia gurielis Zis brZanebiT Seiqmna (kakabaZe 1913b: 3). n. berZeniSvilis TqmiT: „xonis saydris davTris Setana sakaTalikoso glexebis did davTarSi TavisTavad gulisxmobs im garemoebas, rom xonis eklesias am dros calke episkoposi ar hyolia da xonis mTavarepiskoposad igive kaTalikosi (malaqia gurielis Ze b. g.) iTvleboda (berZeniSvili 1971: 123), (malaqia gurielis mier xonelobis SeTavsebis Sesaxeb qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

xonis saydris davTars axlavs ramdenime uTariRo Sewirulobis wigni, sadac sami xoneli mTavarepiskoposia moxseniebuli. eseni gaxlavT: basili CxeiZe, svimon CxeiZe da svimon CijavaZe. s. kakabaZem aRniSnuli Sewirulobis wignebi zogadad XVII saukuniT daaTariRa, Tumca nawili am Sewirulobis wignebisa, SesaZlebelia XVI s-is bolos iyos Sedgenili. xonis saydris davTarSi moxseniebuli xoneli episkoposebis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebic mogvepoveba, romlebic gvexmareba maTi xonel episkoposebad moRvaweobis wlebis dadgenaSi.

basili CxetiZe (CxeiZe) garkveuli periodi quTaTeli episkoposic iyo. mas aTonis iverTa monastris portiatis RvTismSoblis xatisaTvis qvitireli glexebi Seuwiravs: `portiatisa RvTismSobelo... me codvilman... quTaTel mTavarepiskoposman basilios... SemogwirT ese odeni mcire Sesawiravi ...qutirs glexi SeTatmaxaSvili nasyidi da umcrosi da: iqiv glexi beTlem ivanikaSvili da misi

192

Zmiswuli giorgai da mesxeTs glexi RanduriZe nasyida... daiwera sigeli ese qoronikonsa oras oTxmocda aTsa: (1602) ivnissa erTsa~ (s. c. s. a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3321. Натроев 1909: 305-306). es sigeli T. Jordaniam `qronikebis~ II tomSi gamoaqveyna da daaTariRa 1562 wliT. man `qoronikonsa oras oTxmocda aTis~ nacvlad amoikiTxa `oras ormocda aTsa~ (1562) (Jordania 1897: 404), rac ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. dokumentis dedanSi garkveviT ikiTxeba `oras oTxmocda aTsa.~ aqidan gamomdinare aRniSnuli sigeli daiwera 1602 wlis pirvel ivniss.

basili quTaTeli ixsenieba paliastomis xatis warweraSic: `...dedaqalaqisa quTaisisa RuTis mSobelo, adide orTave Sina cxovrebasa mefeTa mefe giorgi Ze maTi aleqsandre. me, cva farvaTa TquenTa mindobilman quTaTel mTavarepiskoposman CxetiZema basili movaWedineT xati ese yovlad wmidisa R~ s mSoblisa, pirveli moWedili daZvelebuliyo da Cuen meored ganvaaxleT.... xeliTa rafiel monazonisaTa qoronikon...~ (nikoleiSvili 1971: 34). warwera, sadac qoronikoniT daTariReba unda yofiliyo aRniSnuli, CamoWrilia. m. nikoleiSvilis varaudiT, qoronikoni ar unda iyos dakarguli. igi warweris bolos adgilis simciris gamo damwers pirveli striqonis boloSi gadautania da iq miuweria 300-is aRmniSvneli aso ` t.~ aRniSnuli mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom paliastomis xatis meored ganaxleba rafiel monazonis mier 1612 (1312 + 300 = 1612) wels momxdara, roca imereTSi mefobda giorgi III (1606-1639), romelsac hyavda Svili aleqsandre, SemdgomSi mefe aleqsandre III (1639-1660) (nikoleiSvili 1971: 35).

paliastomis xatze arsebuli warweris amgvari daTariReba damajereblad aris miCneuli, radgan am periodSi basili quTaTelis moRvaweoba dasturdeba 1619 wels imereTis mefe giorgi III-is mier golgoTis monastrisadmi gacemul Sewirulobis wignSic, sadac moxseniebulia quTaTeli batoni vasiliosi igive basili (gabisonia disertacia D 6249, 63-64). p. gabisonia basili CxetiZis quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweobas zogadad XVI-XVII saukuneTa

193

mijnidan XVII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde sazRvravs (iqve). g. mWedliZe basiliosis quTaTlobas 1562-1574 wlebSi varaudobs (mWedliZe.. 2008: 208-229). moyvanili cnobebis gaanalizebiT, Cven basili CxetiZis quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweoba XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnidan XVII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde ufro damajereblad migvaCnia. Sesabamisad basili CxetiZes xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra quTaTlobamde unda sWeroda, daaxloebiT XVI s-is 80-iani wlebidan XVII s-is dasawyisamde, radgan, XVII s-is pirvel ocwleulSi is ukve quTaTeli episkoposia, xolo XVII s-is 20-iani wlebidan xoneloba, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikoss malaqias hqonda SeTavsebuli.

manoelisa da zaqarias Semdeg basili mesame iyo CxetiZeTa (CxeiZeTa) sagvareulodan, vinc xonelis pativi miiRo. mas aRukveTavs begara xoJono keTilaZisaTvis da misi STamomavlobisaTvis: `...me mTavarebiskobozs CxeiZes basils ammkveTia begara xoJono keTilaZisaTvis da miss Svilisa da momavlisaTvis da awe begris magier da damic da dReTa CemTa sadRegrZelod mermeT sulisa Cemisa saoxad da aRapi mcxriT gardaixados sulisa CemisaTvis yovels Sobis meore dRes dekanozs Jams awirvinebdes~ (kakabaZe 1913b: 19). sxva cnobebi xoneli episkoposi basili CxeiZis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. CvenTvis ucnobia, vin ganagebda xonis saepiskoposos XVII s-is dasawyisidan XVII s-is 20-ian wlebamde.

rogorc aRvniSneT, XVII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi xoneloba SeiTavsa afxazeTis kaTalikosma malaqia gurielis Zem, romelsac amave dros caiSel-jumaTelis pativic hqonda. samecniero wreebSi malaqia gurielis Zis, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosad moRvaweobis periodi, 1616–1639 wlebiT aris gansazRvruli. Tumca arsebobs varaudebi, rom malaqias afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso taxti ukve 1613–1614 wlebSi eWira (karbelaSvili 1900: 207.s. kakabaZe: 1922, 91). am varaudebs amyarebs beri egnataSvilis cnoba, romlis mixedviT, iranis Sahma abas I-ma kaxeTis samefos pirveli dalaSqvris Semdeg,

194

romelic 1614 wels moxda, (arsebobs am faqtis sxva daTariRebebic – 1613 da 1615 weli) imereTis mefe giorgi III-s, imereTSi Sefarebuli qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis luarsab I-isa da Teimuraz I-is gadacema mosTxova. imereTis mefem SahTan molaparakebaze kaTalikozi malaqia da levan abaSiZe gagzavna: „xolo mpyrobelsa imereTisas ara esma saqme ese, gaugzavna kaTalikozi afxazeTisa malaqia da abaSiZe levan mociqulad... da SemouTvala esreT, viTarmed: – amaTi mocema Cemgan ar iqnebiso, da xelmwifeman amdeni wyaloba gviyoso da dagvdvas pativi, rome eseni isev Seirigos da TviTon wabrZandes da daanebos amaT amaTi mamuli da sabatono“ (yauxCiSvili 1959: 393).

rogorc irkveva, malaqias afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTolikosobamde, caiSel-jumaTelis pativi hqonda miRebuli, xoneloba ki mogvianebiT SeiTavsa. caiSis saydris didi zomis jvarcmis xatze moTavsebul warweraSi malaqia aRniSnavs: „...odes vpyrobdi caiSis, jumaTis saydarsa zeda, Cven Zeman gurielisa patronis giorgisaman, patronman malaqia xelvyav caiSis taZrisa Semkobad da davaxatvineT, aRvasruleT gumbadi vidre safuZvlamde da esreT SevamkeviT, viTarca Svenis saxlsa RmrTisasa wmindaTa misTa da ganvisvene wel erT... amisa Semdgomad welsa meoresa jerCinebiTa RmrTisaTa da mowmobiTa yovlisa saqarTveloisa erisaTa myuves kaTalikoz afxazeTisa.“ aRniSnuli warwera 1619 wliT aris daTariRebuli (zaqaraia 1956: 10). e. i. malaqia 1619 wlamde xonelis pativs ar atarebda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is xoneladac iqneboda moxseniebuli. 1622 wlis warweraSi kaTalikosi malaqia caiSel-jumaTelTan erTad, xonel mTavarepiskoposadac ixsenieba: „yovlisa CrdiloeTisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozi, caiSel-jumaTelisa xoneli mTavarepiskopozi“ (iqve, 11). moyvanili warwerebis gaanalizebiT, malaqias xonelis pativi 1619-1622 wlebs Soris miuRia. afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi malaqia caiSel-jumaTel-xonelad ixsenieba caiSis saydrisTvis Sewirul RvTismSoblis xatis warweraSic (iqve), romelic 1619 wlis Semdeg aris Sesrulebuli.

195

kaTalikosma malaqiam maRal samRvdelo TanamdebobebTan erTad 1625 wlidan gurielobac (guriis mTavroba) SeiTavsa (metreveli 2010: 136). kaTalikos malaqias guriaSi gamTavreba, samegrelos mTavris levan II dadianis iniciativiT moxda. umaRlesi saeklesio da saero Tanamdebobebis erTi piris xelSi moqceva, uCveulo movlena iyo. dasavleT saqarTveloSi malaqia gurielis gavlena sagrZnoblad gaizarda. igi eswrafoda, eklesiis sameurneo mxare jerovan doneze daeyenebina (kakabaZe 1922: 91). rogorc aRvniSneT, malaqias davalebiT 1621 wels Seadgines afxazeTis sakaTalikoso glexebis didi davTari. dokumentidan irkveva, rom am dros

malaqia gurieli (kastelis albomi)

196

afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTolikosi, malaqia II, 24 sakaTalikoso msxvil mamuls flobda, maT Soris 18-Si sasaxle (sameurneo-sagamgeo centri) hqonda ganTavsebuli (metreveli 2010: 136). erT-erTi sasaxle, romelic xonis maxloblad sofel maTxojSi mdebareobda, dazianebuli yofila da malaqias SeukeTebia (q.s.Z. 1970: 503).

kaTalikos malaqias axlo urTierToba hqonda im periodSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTolike misionerebTan. eseni iyvnen: arqanjelo lamberti, juzepe judiCe, antoni jardina, kristoforo kasteli da sxva. Cvenamde moaRwia malaqia gurielis portretma, romelic daxata TeaTinelma berma kristoforo kastelim.

malaqias pativs scemda da angariSs uwevda samegrelos mTavari levan II dadiani. 1624-28 wlebSi dadianma xonis saydris mZarcvelebis dasjis Semdeg, malaqia xonelis pativsacemad eqvsi komli glexi, fanculaiebi da papavebi Camoasaxla xonSi (failoZe 1997: 168).

malaqia gurieli daaxloebuli iyo didmourav giorgi saakaZesTanac, rasac mowmobs misi saakaZisadmi dadebuli erTgulebis fici: `...fici, piri da wigni mogaxseneT Cven, patronma kaTalikozma malaqiam Tquen, patrons mouravs giorgis da Tquensa Svilsa avTandils... viyuneT TquenTvin kargni da kargnis mdgomni; ara gavnoT, ara gazianoT ara kaciTa, aras kaciTa, Tu Cvens alags mobZandeT, kideca SegixiznoT da aras kacsa saZaloT da saavkacoT ar daganeboT...~ (q.s.Z. 1970: 484).

kaTalikosi malaqia, xonis saepiskoposos 1619/22-1639 wlebSi ganagebda. 1639 wels malaqia gurieli gardaicvala (odiSeli 1968: 74).

a. failoZe dokumentebis miuTiTeblad aRniSnavs, rom malaqias gardacvalebis Semdeg, kaTalikos maqsime maWutaZes, romelsac afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso taxti 1640-1657 wlebSi eWira, malaqias msgavsad, caiSloba, jumaTloba da xoneloba hqonda SeTavsebuli (failoZe 1997: 169), rac sizustes moklebulia.

maqsime maWutaZe afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)

197

kaTalikosobamde Semoqmedeli episkoposi iyo (metreveli 2010: 138). maqsimes caiSelis pativi arc kaTalikosobamde da arc kaTalikosobis periodSi ar hqonia. caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedraze malaqia gurielis Semdeg XVII s-is 40-ian wlebSi Cans andria, xolo amave saukunis 50-ian wlebSi daviT jolia. am ukanasknelis Semdeg 1673–1700 wlebSi caiSis saepiskoposo kaTedra maqsime cixisTaviSvils ekava (kalandia 2004: 51).

afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos maqsime maWutaZes arc jumaTelis pativi utarebia. jumaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra XVII s-is 60-iani wlebidan 1676 wlamde ekava sxva maqsime maWutaZes, romelic Tavis Zma onofre maWutaZesTan erTad 1676 wels, qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-is Zis levanis da qaixosro gurielis asulis TuTas qorwilSi, TuTa gurielis amalaSi iricxeboda. 1690 wels erekle I-is mier mowveulma saeklesio krebam, onofre maWutaZe daviT garejis udabnos winamZRvrad daadgina, xolo maqsime, bolnisis episkoposi gaxda da jumaTel-bolnelad ixsenieboda, Tumca misi jumaTloba fiqtiuri iyo. 1677 wlidan jumaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra maqsime SarvaSiZem daikava (qarTveliSvili 2006: 36).

malaqia gurielis Semdeg xoneli episkoposi saxlTuxuces sexnia CxeiZis Zma svimon CxeiZe unda gamxdariyo. svimoni xonelobamde nikorwmindeli episkoposi iyo XVII s-is 30-ian wlebSi.1 savaraudod, XVII s-is 40-iani wlebi man xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze gaatara. XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, svimonma xonidan quTaisSi gadainacvla da quTaTelis pativi miiRo. 1660 wels is afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi gaxda da paralelurad quTaTlobac SeiTavsa (metreveli 2010: 140). a. failoZe miiCnevs, rom im periodSi (XVII s-is 50-iani wlebi) dasavleT saqarTveloSi ori svimon CxeiZe moRvaweobda, erTi quTaTeli episkoposi, romelic Semdeg afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi gaxda, meore


198

ki xoneli episkoposi (failoZe 1997: 169). aRniSnulma mkvlevarma rusi elCebis aleqsi ievlevisa da nikifore toloCanovis elCobis muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi naxsenebi simon arqiepiskoposi, xonel svimon CxetiZesTan gaaigiva (failoZe 1997: 169), rac sizustes moklebulia, (am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT qvemoT SevCerdebiT). mcdaria T. qoriZis da g. mWedliZis varaudic, rom TiTqos 1637 wels svimon CxetiZem nikorwmindidan quTaisSi gadainacvla da quTaTelis pativi miiRo.1 imereTis mefe bagrat IV (1660 xangamoSvebiT 1682) 1660 wliT daTariRebul dokumentSi, nikorwmindel gedeon lorTqifaniZes mimarTavs: `..kurTxeuls batons mamaCems bajas glexi Se(e)wira wmindis nikolozisaTvis da svimon nikorwmindels hqonda da axla Tquenc SemogvexveweT da giboZeT bajas isiv glexi daTua mRdelaZe~-o (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-2143. kakabaZe 1921a: 64). am sabuTidan irkveva, rom svimon CxetiZes bagrat IV-is mamis aleqsandre III-is mefobis drosac, anu 1637 wlis Semdegac ekava nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra, (aleqsandre III 1637 wels gamefda). savaraudoa, rom 1639 wels kaTalikos malaqias gardacvalebis Semdeg, romelsac xonelobac hqonda SeTavsebuli, svimon CxetiZem nikorwmindidan xonSi gadainacvla da xoneli episkoposi gaxda.

svimons xonSi aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi Cautarebia. xonis saydris davTarSi dacul Sewirulobis wignSi vkiTxulobT: „...Cven codvilman... mTavarepiskoposman CaxiZem (CxeiZem b. g.) svimon vinebeT da vigulismodgineT da vyaviT da aRvaSeneT saxli da palatze da SevadgiT da win CardaxiT gavakeTeT da gareve daqceuli iyo da ori gverdi galavani aRvaSeneT (kakabaZe 1913b: 20).

XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi SinaaSliloba ar cxreboda. Tavsgasuli didebulebis usamarTlo qcevis winaaRmdeg brZola, xonel svimon CxeiZesac uwevda. mas dava hqonda Tavad niJaraZesTan. xoneli svimon CxeiZe Tavis Sewirulobis wignSi gadmogvcems am davis Sesaxeb: „niJaraZe gardagvekida da kaci dagviWira

1 vrclad ix. nikorwmindeli episkoposebi...

199

da bevri avi da usamarTlo saqme uyo Cvens kacs. Segveqmna saxmloT da sasamarTlo saqme da SevabiT xaxuta gogeva da gagvemarjva bZanebiTa mRTisaTa da wmindis giorgisaTa mefobasa aleqsandre mefeT mefisaTa...“ (iqve).

XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi svimon CxetiZe quTaTeli gaxda. xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra ki, savaraudod daikava svimon CijavaZem, romelic moxseniebulia xonis saydris davTarSi dacul erT-erT Sewirulobis wignSi. mas xonis saydrisaTvis Seuwiravs biWuka tabiZe „colSviliTa da alagiTa risica mqonebeli“ iyo (kakabaZe 1913b: 17).

1650-52 wlebSi imereTis samefoSi rusi elCebi aleqsi ievlevi da nikifore toloCanovi imyofebodnen. ievlevis muxlobriv aRwerilobaSi imereTis mRvdelmTavarTa Soris ixsenieba quTaisis yovlad wmida RvTismSoblis (saxelobis) didi monastris mitropoliti simoni (ievlevi 1969: 167 ), romelic svimon CxetiZe unda iyos da mTavarmowamis giorgis (saxelobis) saydris arqiepiskoposi simoni (iqve), romelic, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi svimon CijavaZea. am cnobidan irkveva, rom 1651 wels svimon CxetiZe ukve quTaTeli episkoposi iyo, xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze ki svimon CijavaZe ijda.

nikifore toloCanovi imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-sTan 1651 wlis 24 ivniss gamarTul Sexvedraze myof mRvdelmTavarTa Soris, ixseniebs arqiepiskopos simons, romelic mitropolit zaqarias (genaTeli zaqaria qvariani) da arqiepiskopos daviTis (nikorwmindeli) gverdiT mjdara (toloCanovi 1970: 98). toloCanovis mier naxsenebi arqiepiskoposi simoni, xoneli svimon CijavaZe unda iyos da ara svimon CxetiZe. xoneli svimon CijavaZe, rogorc mTavarepiskoposi svimoni, agreTve moxseniebulia imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is mier ruseTis xelmwifis erTgulebisadmi gagzavnil saficris werilSi (saistorio moambe 1925: 206).

svimon CijavaZis episkoposobis periodSi, sanavardos mxare xonis saepiskoposos samwysoSi gaerTianebula. erT-erT dokumentSi naTqvamia: „movida batoni mTavarebiskopozi svimon CijavaZe sanavardos, Cveni samwyTo Seiqna. rodisac

200

efiskopozi mobZandebodes, TiTo zuTxs korZeiebi moscemdes...“ (kakabaZe 1913b: 17). am dokumentis mixedviT, sanavardoSi misuli xoneli episkoposisaTvis, adgilobriv mcxovrebT: korZaiebs, mWedliZeebs, TvalTaZeebs, Ciqvanebs da sxvebs, wesad hqoniaT TiTo zuTxis mirTmeva (iqve).

mTavarepiskoposi svimoni ixsenieba imereTis mefe bagrat IV-is mier ruseTis xelmwifisadmi gagzavnil werilSic, romelic 1669 wliT aris daTariRebuli. dasavleT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavarTa Soris mTavarepiskoposi svimoni, nikorwmindeli daviTis Semdeg aris moxseniebuli (Бросее: 1861 82). am werilidan cnobili xdeba, rom svimon CijavaZes xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra 1669 welsac ekava. savaraudod, svimon CijavaZe xonel episkoposad XVII saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi moRvaweobda. mis Semdeg xonelis pativi gedeon lorTqifaniZem miiRo.

gedeonis TaosnobiT mouWedavT xonis wminda giorgis xati, romelic JamTa siavis gamo damwvari yofila. xats warwera axlavs: „q. Cven xonel mTavarefiskopozman gedeon xati ese wmidis giorgis pirvelad damwvari iyo da Cven movaWedineT, raTa gveqmnes meox aqac da mermesa mas saukunesa, amin“ (TayaiSvili 1913-14: 277). e. TayaiSvilma aRniSnuli wminda giorgis xati Tavisi warweriT XVII saukuniT daaTariRa.

gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1660 wlis sabuTSi nikorwmindelad ixsenieba, xolo 1664 wels is genaTel-nikorwmindelia (s.c.s.a. fondi1448, saqme - 5134. kakabaZe 1921a: 64-69). 1668 wels mas mxolod genaTelis pativi aqvs. 1673-1678 wlebSi gedeon lorTqifaniZe gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedraze ar Cans, am periodSi genaTlobas daviT nemsaZe da Semdeg grigoli iRebs. 1678 wlidan gedeon lorTqifaniZe kvlav genaTel episkoposad ixsenieba da gardacvalebamde (1682) es pativi uWiravs.

Cveni varaudiT, gedeon lorTqifaniZem xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra 1673-1678 wlebs Soris daikava.1 misi TaosnobiT, am periodSi aRudgeniaT wminda giorgis xati, romelic,

1 vrclad ix. genaTeli episkoposebi...

201

rogorc aRvniSneT „JamTa siavis“ gamo damwvari yofila.gedeonis gelaTSi dabrunebis Semdeg xonelis pativi

svimon sayvareliZes unda mieRo. es ukanaskneli amowmebs genaTeli gedeon lorTqifaniZisaTvis micemul beJan yifianis saficris wigns: „ese saficari da piri mogarTvi me yifianma beJan Tqven genaTels batons gedaons, asre da ama pirsa zedan, rome niSani memarTa Tqveni da sxva vera giSoveT ra da maSina yifianisouli mogarTviT miwa sayana cxra Tavi ase... me WiWinaZes mRrdels damiweria qoronikonsa samas samocdaeqvssa (1678) da ama wignis dawerazed mTavarebiskopozi sayvareliZe svimon Tan dagveswra da mowameca aris amisi“ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2149. kakabaZe 1921a: 78). g. mWedliZes miaCnia, rom dokumentSi moxseniebuli svimon sayvareliZe genaTeli episkoposia, romelic imxanad gedeon lorTqifaniZesTan erTad ganagebda gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras (mWedliZe... 2008: 189). aRniSnuli mosazreba sizustes moklebulia, radgan saepiskoposo kaTedraze ori episkoposis erTdroulad moRvaweoba saeklesio wes-wyobilebas ewinaaRmdegeboda da dauSvebeli iyo. dokumentSi moxseniebuli mTavarepiskoposi svimon sayvareliZe, ara genaTeli, aramed xoneli episkoposi unda iyos. arsebul dokumentebSi xonelebi yovelTvis mTavarepiskoposebad moixseniebian.

svimon sayvareliZes xonel episkoposad XVII saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi unda emoRvawa. mis Semdeg xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra romanozma daikava.

xoneli mTavarepiskoposi romanozi xonis saydarSi daculi xelnaweri wignis „mamaTa cxovrebis“ minawerSi ixsenieba. minaweridan vgebulobT, rom „mamaTa cxovrebis“ aRmweri, TviT xoneli episkoposi romanozi yofila. „meox meyaviT codvils mTavarefiskoposs romanozs. giorgi erisTavis Zesa: aRmwersa TavTa amis mamaT cxovrebisaTa. Zmano da mamano visac Cems ukan dagrCeT an miemTxvivneT anu warikiTxvideT Cem codvilisaTvis Sendobas brZanebdeT. romelman friadi viRvawe aRwerazed“ (TayaiSvili 1913-1914; 285).

202

xoneli romanozi „mamaTa cxovrebis“ meore minawerSic ixsenieba: „q. RmerTman sasufeveli daumkvidros romanozs erisTavisSvils. es wmindaT mamaT cxovreba is rom miicvala me maTxoves. erTi Tve mqonda“ (TayaiSvili 1913-1914: 285). samwuxarod, am minawerebs TariRebi ar gaaCnia, amitom Znelia gansazRvra romanozis xonel episkoposad moRvaweobis wlebisa. e. TayaiSvilma aRniSnuli minawerebi XVIII saukuniT daaTariRa. iqidan gamomdinare, rom romanozis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar mogvepoveba, isRa dagvrCenia, daveyrdnoT didi mecnieris varauds da romanozis xonel episkoposad moRvaweoba XVIII saukunis dasawyisiT ganvsazRvroT, radgan am saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, daaxloebiT 1750 wlamde, xonis saepiskoposo kaTedram, JamTa siavis gamo moqmedeba Sewyvita, xonis saepiskoposos aRdgenis Semdeg ki xonelis pativi yofilma mrovelma episkoposma iosebma miiRo.

XVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli anarqiis Sedegad, romelic eklesiasac Seexo, garkveuli periodi arseboba Sewyvites quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebma. imereTis mefe solomon I-ma gamefebisTanave (1752-1784) yuradReba miaqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi arsebul savalalo mdgomareobas da mis gamosasworeblad saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba daiwyo. mefe solomonis TaosnobiT aRdgenil iqna quTaisis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. quTaTel episkoposad maqsime abaSiZes, xonelad ioseb mrovelyofils, nikorwmindelad ki germane wulukiZes daasxes xeli.

xonis saepiskoposos aRdgenis faqti aRniSnulia mefe solomon I-is mier mowveuli saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi, romelic xonis saydris saxuco da samrevlo gamosaRebebis dawesebas Seexeba. dokumentSi naTqvamia: „...TviTmpyrobeli mefeT mefe solomon da Tanamecxedre Cemi dedofalT dedofali dadianis asuli mariam, pirmSo Ze Cveni sasurveli aleqsandre... SemovkrbiT madlis micemad RTisa da ganaxlebad eklesiaTa da taZrisa amis xonis wmindis giorgis taZris ganaxleba da ganTavisufleba vinebeT da

203

davayeneT mTavarepiskoposad erisTavis Ze mrovelyofili ioseb...“ (kakabaZe 1913g:7). dokumenti dawerilia 1761 wels, magram xonSi saepiskoposo kaTedra 1761 wlamde unda aRdgeniliyo. irkveva, rom ioseb mrovelyofili mefe solomon I-ma Tavdapirvelad xonis saepiskoposos mmarTvelad daniSna da xonis eklesiis Semosavlis nawili uboZa. am faqts mowmobs Tavad ioseb mrovelis Sewirulobis wigni: `...ese wigni da xeliT werili gujari SemogwireT Sen mTavarmowames xonis wmindas giorgis da eklesias Sensa Cven monaman da msasoebelman Senman mrovel mitropolitman aragvT erisTavis Zem ioseb, ase rom JamTa viTarebisagan eklesiis Sesavals dakleboda da samTel sakmeveliTa da iaraRiT moklebul iyo. axla xTisa (RvTisa) mier rCeviT warmoCenilman xelmwifem mefeT mefem solomon da dedofalT dedofalman... dadianis asulman mariam Segviwynara da es samTavarepiskoposo eklesia da mamuli da naxevari baJi miboZa da me amis meti saZRveno da eklesiis sakadri vera vigule da Cemi saxvedro baJis gamosavali rac iyos Tvinier marilisa da matylis sufris iaraRis meti rac movides, wmindas giorgis xonisas da Sens eklesias SemogwireT... kacTagan mowame amisi Tavad xelmwife RvTivcxebuli mefe solomon, dedofali batoni mariam, ufali Cveni kaTalikozi besarion, genaTeli ioseb, quTaTeli maqsime... da erTobiT imerni darbazis erni didni da mcireni... daiwera sigeli ese qristes aqeT C R n (1750) Tvesa martsa i z (17) (kakabaZe 1914b: 95-96). aRniSnuli dokumenti Semoklebuli saxiT 1881 wels gamoaqveyna d. furcelaZem: „1750 г. Царь соломонъ назначиль управляющимь Хонннскою епархию митрополита Мровельскаго Иосифа и предоставиль ему право взимать акцизъ (съчего?) съ тiть, чтобы одна половина его была обращенавъ пользу Хониской церкви, а другая въ пользу его митрополита (Пурцеладзе 1881: 141). eWvs iwvevs am dokumentis Seqmnis TariRi 1750 weli da masSi solomon I-is mefed moxsenieba, radgan samecniero wreebSi solomon I-is samefo taxtze asvlis TariRad 1752 welia miCneuli (narkvevebi 1973b: 637. rexviaSvili 1989:

204

175). Tumca s. kakabaZis mtkicebiT, solomon I imereTis samefo taxtze 1749 wels avida. amis damadastureblad mas mohyavs 1750 wels dawerili gelaTis sigeli, sadac ioseb mrovelis sigelis msgavsad, solomon I mefed aris moxseniebuli (kakabaZe 1914b:96 - 97).1 faqti erTia, rom solomon I gamefebisTanave dainteresda xonis eklesiaSi arsebuli problemebiT da misi mogvareba yofil mrovel episkoposs iosebs daavala, romelic xonis eklesiis mmarTvelad ganawesa. mroveli iosebis xonis eklesiis mmarTvelad daniSvna winapiroba iyo xonis saepiskoposo kaTedris aRdgenisa, romelic maleve ganxorcielda. ioseb xonelis msgavsad, quTaisis saepiskoposos aRdgenamde, quTaisis eklesiis mmarTveloba maqsime abaSiZes ramdenime wliT adre hqonda Cabarebuli. mas ioseb mroveli quTaTlad ixseniebs 1750 wlis sabuTSi, magram 1750 wlisaTvis maqsime ara quTaTeli episkoposi, aramed quTaisis saydris mmarTveli unda yofiliyo, quTaTloba ki 1759 wlis 4 dekembris saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT miiRo (kakabaZe 1913g: 6).

XVIII s-is 50-iani wlebis miwuruls xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra ukve aRdgenili iyo, rac 1758 wlis 4 ivlisis da 1759 wlis 4 dekembris dokumentebiT dasturdeba. orive dokumentSi xonel mTavarepiskoposad ioseb mrovelyofili ixsenieba. pirvel dokumentze qveviT SevCerdebiT, rac Seexeba 1759 wlis 4 dekembris dokuments, is warmoadgens quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedris aRdgenis sabuTs. mas mefe-dedofalTan da sxvadasxva eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad amtkicebs xoneli mTavarepiskoposi iosebi (iqve). dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom mefe solomon I-ma quTaTlis samwysos gansaaxleblad saeklesio kreba moiwvia. krebaSi monawileoba miiRo: afxazeTis kaTalikosma besarion CxeiZem, Wyondidelma gabriel dadianma, genaTelma ioseb batoniSvilma, Semoqmedelma nikolozma, cagerelma grigolma, nikorwmindelma germanem, bedielma maqsimem da

1 solomon I-is gamefebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT Cven wina TavSic gvqon-da saubari. ix. genaTeli episkoposebi......

205

sxva. CamoTvlil mRvdelmTavarTa Soris agreTve ixsenieba: „kanel mTavarepiskoposi argvT erisTavis Ze ioseb“-i (kakabaZe 1913g: 4). aq, rogorc Cans, gadamweris SecdomasTan gvaqvs saqme, radgan kanis saepiskoposo kaTedra arc dasavleT da arc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda. dokumentSi moxseniebuli kaneli mTavarepiskoposi aragvT erisTavis Ze iosebi, xoneli ioseb mrovelyofilia.

mefe solomoni aRdgenili saepiskoposo kaTedrebis ekonomikuri mdgomareobiTac dainteresda. mas xonis saydris samrevlo Semosavlis wignebi moukiTxavs, magram ver upovniaT, „JamTa viTarebisagan dakarguliyo.“ amis gamo mefem xonis saepiskopososaTvis samrevlo da saxuco gamosaRebebis dawesebaze samsjelod, afxazeTis kaTalikosi besarioni da dasavleT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebi moiwvia. krebam daadgina: „rogoradac Wyondidis samwysoSid iyoso, genaTlisa da quTaTlis samwysoSid, imasac (xonis samwysos b. g.) egreT ganuwesoTo“ (kakabaZe 1913g: 7).

xoneli episkoposi iosebi, romelic aragvis erisTavis Zed moixsenieba, gvarad maCabeli yofila (Пурцеладзе 1881: 141). igi 1692-95 wlebs Soris dabadebula. daaxloebiT 1702-1705 wlebSi, 10 wlis iosebi daviT garejis ioane naTlismcemlis monasterSi miubarebiaT, sadac besarion orbelaSvilis (SemdgomSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis) xelmZRvanelobiT mas saTanado ganaTleba miuRia (qavTaria 1965: 134). 1713 wels iosebs gadauweria basili didis Txzulebani. am xelnawerisaTvis iosebs anderZ-minaweric daurTavs, sadac misi biografiuli cnobebia Semonaxuli. „...xel-vyav meca Zalisaebr Cemisame, uRirsman xuces-monazonman ioseb, aragvis erisTvisSvilma, wmidisa amis wignisa aRwerad udabnosa mas garejisasa, monastersa mravalmTis naTlismcemlisasa... odes moviwie aqa, viyav aTis wlis...” (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (A) 1973: 452). iosebi, besarion orbelaSvils ixseniebs Tavis moZRvrad da maswavleblad, romlis brZanebiTac gadauweria aRniSnuli Txzulebani 1713 wels (iqve).

„basili didis Txzulebani“-s weris procesSi qarTlsa

206

da kaxeTSi „didi oxreba“ dawyebula. garejis udabnos monastrebi dasustebula, „xan osmalos eWira da xan yizilbaSso,“ aRniSnavs iosebi Tavis anderZSi. amis gamo iq moRvawe mamebis nawili sxvadasxva mxaris monastrebSi ganwesdnen. iosebi besarionTan erTad TbilisSi gadavida. „...aqidam rom aviyareniT, gamovida Suazed Cvidmeti weli... amasobaSi Seviqen me wlisa ocdaTvrametisa. batons besarions saqarTvelos kaTalikosoba misces. imisi arqidiakvani viyav. da yo patriarqobasa Sina eqvsi weli da uflisa mivida (besarion kaTalikosi 1737 wels gardaicvala) da davrCiT oblad da daviwyeT revad misman krebulman da moviwie aqve monastersa, (saubaria garejis naTlismcemlis monasterze b. g.). mis Jamis saqme, nametanad saqarTvelos saqmeda Cveni monasteri ganryvnil iyo. aqav moviwie da es anderZi davwere“ (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (A) 1973: 453), aRniSnav siosebi.

garejSi dabrunebis Semdeg iosebi jvris mama gaxda. 1742 wlis dokumentSi, jvris mama ioseb erisTvisSvili, amowmebs solaRaSvilebis saZmo da ganuyrelobis wignebs (xuciSvili 2007: 102). iosebi jvris mamad ixsenieba amave xanis, giorgi gurielis mier gacemul erT sabuTSic, romlis mixedviTac gurieli uaxlebs jvars, golgoTasa da qristes saflavs, Zvel Sewirulebebs guriis soflebSi (iqve, 103).

irkveva, rom XVIII s-is 40-iani wlebis dasasrulsa da 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, ioseb maCabeli, mroveli episkoposi gaxda. Semdeg igi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida. rogorc aRvniSneT, imereTis mefe solomon I-ma iosebi Tavdapirvelad xonis eklesiis mmarTvelad daniSna. maleve man xonis episkoposis pativi miiRo.

ioseb xonels angariSs uwevda da mis rCevebs iTvaliswinebda mefe solomon I. iosebis SuamdgomlobiT mefem xonis eklesiis dekanozoba mRvdel miqel quTaTelaZes uboZa. amas mowmobs 1758 wlis 4 ivliss Sedgenili wyalobis wigni: „sabolood gasaTavebeli wyalobis wigni da sigeli dagiwereT da giboZeT Cven... mefeman

207

solomon da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman. dedofalman mariam, Sen, wmindis giorgis ymas quTaTelaZes miqels, mRvdels, mTavarebiskopozis iosebis SuamdgomelobiT (es nawili Camatebuli unda iyos b. g.), ase rome Sens saxliskacs qonda dekanozoba, magram wmindas giorgis da mis eklesias rom ekadreboda, ise gankrZalviT eklesiis samsaxurs da rigs ar aTavebda... axla gavSinjeT Cven da eklesia umarTebulos rigiT dasayenebeli ar iyo da Sen gamogarCieT dekanozaT. giboZeT xonis wmindis giorgis dekanozoba... daiwera qoronikonsa CRmiჱ 1758“ (x.e.c. HD - 2257. burjanaZe 1958: 100 – 101).

iosebi mefe solomon I-s gverdSi edga `tyvis syidvis~ winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. 1759 wlis gujarSi, dasavleT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebis da maT Soris xoneli mTavarepiskoposis iosebis winaSe, mefe-mTavrebi da gavleniani feodalebi pirobas deben, rom arc Tavad miiReben `tyveTa syidvaSi~ monawileobas da arc sxvas miscemen uflebas am umsgavso qmedebis gansaxorcieleblad (x.e.c. fondi SD - 2976. Jordania 1967: 262).

ioseb xoneli zrunavda xonis eklesiis glexebis uflebebis dasacavad. man xonis wm. giorgis eklesias daubruna WanturiSvilebis ojaxi, romelic kacia wulukiZes hyavda dasakuTrebuli (kakabaZe 1921b: 12-13). iosebis xonel episkoposad moRvaweoba 1763 wlamde gagrZelda. igi daaxloebiT 71 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

1763 wlidan xoneli episkoposis pativi maqsime iaSvilma miiRo. igi ixsenieba mamuka CxeiZis Sewirulobis wignSi. mamuka CxeiZe xonis eklesias swiravs svimon xosielas da qirSobela balanCivaZes Tavis adgil-mamuliT: „...sityva iyo erTmaneTSid da movrigdiT mTavarepiskopozi maqsime iaSvili da dekanozi krebuli (i) imaTi, riTac Cveni guli Sejerdeboda... daiwera: CRჲg: (1763)“ (iqve, 18).

maqsime iaSvili xonelobamde bedieli episkoposi iyo. arsebobs varaudi, rom 1725–1737 wlebSi mas quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis kaTedrac eWira (mWedliZe... 2008: 215). maqsime iaSvili, rogorc bedieli mitropoliti, Cvens mier

208

zemoT moyvanil dokumentebSi ixsenieba. esenia: 1759 wels Sedgenili sabuTi, sadac quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedris aRdgenis faqti fiqsirdeba da 1761 wels dawerili saeklesio krebis ganCineba, xonis saydris saxuco da samrevlo gamosaRebebis dawesebis Sesaxeb (kakabaZe 1913g: 3-7). 1763 wlidan, rogorc aRvniSneT, maqsimem xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra daikava.

maqsime iaSvili did yuradRebas aqcevda xonis saepiskoposos saSemosavlo saqmes da xonis eklesiis glexebisaTvis damatebiTi gadasaxadebis Semcirebas cdilobda. misi xonel episkoposad moRvaweobis periodSi, mefe solomon I-ma xonis eklesiis glexebi saudiero gadasaxadisagan gaanTavisufla, rasac 1764 wels Sedgenili sabuTi mowmobs: ̀ amogvikveTia saudiero saZalod saTxovari xonis wmindis giorgis ymaTaTvis, rom Cvengan ara eTxoebodes ra...~ brZanebs mefe solomon I (iqve, 11).

xoneli maqsime iaSvili, genaTel ioseb batoniSvilTan erTad, win aRudga afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos besarions, romelmac xonis eklesiis anCisxati da misi „Sesawiravi“ miiTvisa. es faqti 1763 wlis axlo xanebSi Sedgenil dokumentSia dafiqsirebuli: „odesme JamTa viTarebiT wmidisa amis eklesiisa anCisxati vin ginda xucisagan gamosvendeboda da misi Sesawiravi da misarTmevi erT xucess unda eWama da saydarsa misi gamosavali araferi ar ergeboda... kaTalikoz besarions kargaT gaesinja, gamoerTmia is xati da TavisTvis daesvenebina, misi gamosavali xucisaTvis ar daenebebina“ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme -2260. q.s.Z. 1970: 883). amis gamo maqsime iaSvili da ioseb batoniSvili „erTxma eqmnen“ da anCisxati Tavisi SesawiraviT xonis eklesias daubrunes. „Cven wmidisa amis eklesiisa xonis mosaydreman mTavarepiskoposman maqsime da genaTel mitropolit batoniSvilma ioseb samarTliani kanoniT ZeglisweriT davamtkiceT: ...am dRes aqeT vinc am anCisxatis Sesawiravi da misarTmevi am eklesias ar miarTvas da TavisTvis moixmaros, SeCvenebuli iyos...“ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme-2260. q.s.Z. 1970: 883).

209

aRsaniSnavia, rom kaTalikos besarions garTulebuli hqonda urTierToba mefe solomon I-Tan, Tavisi Zmis, raWis erisTavis rostomis gamo. garTulebuli iyo urTierToba kaTalikossa da genaTel ioseb batoniSvils Sorisac, (1769 wels mefe solomonma afxazeTis kaTalikosad besarion CxeiZis nacvlad Tavisi Zma iosebi daadgina). zemoT damowmebuli dokumentis mixedviT, arc xonel maqsime iaSvils hqonda kargi urTierToba kaTalikos besarionTan. man ioseb genaTelTan erTad, aiZula kaTalikosi, anCisxati, Tavisi SesawiriT, xonis eklesiisaTvis daebrunebina.

kaTalikos besarions garkveuli periodi mefe solomon I-is SeWirvebuli mdgomareobiT usargeblia da xonis eklesiis glexebisaTvis xorcze, marilze, Tevzsa da matylze damatebiTi gadasaxadebi dauwesebia. amis gamo glexebma dedofal mariams (solomon I-is meuRle) SesCivles. dedofalma xonis eklesiis glexebis saCivari daakmayofila da maT damatebiTi gadasaxadebi mouxsna. rogorc Cans, aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba dedofalma, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi maqsime iaSvilisa da genaTeli ioseb batoniSvilis SuamdgomlobiT miiRo. es faqti dedofali mariamis xonis eklesiis glexebisadmi micemul pirobis wignSia dafiqsirebuli: „...am (xonis b. g.) eklesiis ymas, marilis, xorcis, Tevzis da matylis baJi ar eTxovebodes, verc Cvenma magierman kacman da verc vinc iyos mTavarepiskobozman, verc aravin sxvama ver gTxovosye... amis mowame aris Tavad batonisSvili genaTeli ioseb, mTavarepiskobozi maqsime, ... sxva Cvenis karis darbazis erni.“ beWedi warweriT: „dedofali mariam“ (kakabaZe 1921b: 39).

maqsime iaSvilma Tavisi cxovrebis ukanaskneli wlebi (1763-1770) xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze gaatara. man Tavisi piradi qoneba, xonis wminda giorgis eklesias Seswira. maqsime Tavis Sewirulobis wignSi aRniSnavs: „Sen wmidao giorgi xonisao gevedrebi me mTavarepiskoposi iaSvili maqsime raTa... iZRvna mcire ese Cem mier morTmeuli ZRveni, rameTu Tvinier meufisa Senisa sxva Sens meti aqa sofelsa Sina CemTvis nugeS Sesavedri da sulisa CemisaTvin ganmge

210

aravin mivis da Tu raman SesamoslaT an wignaT me ki ram mqonda, aRsrulebisa Cemisa Jamsa wmidasa Sensa eklesiasa SevswireT... es Cemi Semowiruli wigni Tu Sesamoseli rac ram aris, Cemis sakuTari aris, aravisi arc sxva eklesiis, arc naTxovari vismesi ar aris da... Semomiwiravs...“ beWedi warweriT: „mTavarepiskoposi maqsime“ :CRჲg:“ 1763 w. (kakabaZe 1921b: 38).

1771 wlidan xonis saepiskoposo kaTedra daikava anton CijavaZem. igi rogorc xoneli mTavarepiskoposi pirvelad gogita RoRaberiZe-beJaniSvilis mier xonis eklesiis dekanoz miqaelisaTvis micemul saTavdebo wignSi ixsenieba. dokumenti 1771 wliT TariRdeba (iqve, 46).

„anton mTavarepiskoposi batoni iyo STamomavlobiT imereTis CijavaZeTa gvarTagani. aRzrdili kaTalikosis iosebisa da aRyvanili xarisxsa zeda mRvdelmTavrobisasa.“ (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 1). 1766 wlisaTvis antoni ioseb genaTelis arqidiakoni yofila. iosebi, rogorc Cans, didi siTboTi da siyvaruliT iyo ganmsWvaluli antonis mimarT. is 1766 wels daweril anderZSi sadiakono grizeTis stixars Tavis arqidiakons anton CijavaZes uboZebs (kakabaZe 1914b: 56).

antons axalgazrdobis wlebSi safuZvliani ganaTleba miuRia. Seuswavlia saRvTo sjuli, qarTuli sasuliero da saero mwerloba, filosofia, ritorika da istoria (failoZe 1997: 173).

antons, rogorc CijavaZeTa Tavaduri saxlis warmomadgenels, saCinoSi da vanis sanaxebSi aTobiT sofeli hqonda 1000-mde komliT da aznauris 12 sagvareuloTi (iqve). Tumca, imxanad dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli ekonomikuri krizisi xonel mTavarepiskopos antonsac Seexo da „TaTris vali“ daedo, ris gamoc mamulis gayidva mouxda. agiaSvilebisadmi micemul sigelSi anton xoneli aRniSnavs: „TaTris vali dagvedva cxraas da Cvidmeti marCili mere im Cvenma movale TaTarma dagviWira, cucxvaTelma TaTarma, vikargebodiT da rjuli gveSleboda, gaurjuloebas mamulis gayidva varCieT~ (vaWriZe p: 1977: 17).

211

anton CijavaZes axlo urTierToba hqonda axalcixel kaTolike berTan ioane xojaSvilTan, romelic 1767-1777 wlebSi imereTSi imyofeboda. quTaisSi myof ioane xojaSvils anton xoneli xSirad stumrobda. ioanes Tavis dRiurebSi aRniSnuli aqvs, rom: `xonis mTavarepiskoposs 131 marCili vasesxe qvelis xeliT~-o. rodesac ioane uZlurad Seqmnila, anton xonels vali daubrunebia (ioseliani 1980: 259-265). es faqtic cxadyofs, rom anton xonelis finansuri mdgomareoba saxarbielo ar iyo. antons uSualod fulTan Sexeba arasodes hqonia, mis finansur Semosavalebisa da gasavlebis saqmes mRvdeli ioane Cxenkeli awarmoebda, (am sakiTxebze qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

xoneli mTavarepiskoposi antoni Seecada saero feodalTa ganmitacebuli xonis samwyso mamulebi ukan daebrunebina. Tumca man dasaxuli miznis ganxorcieleba solomon I-is mefobis periodSi ver SeZlo.

anton CijavaZe saintereso pirovneba iyo da cxovrebis ucnauri wesebiT gamoirCeoda, rac ar moswonda mefe solomon I-s. anton CijavaZis cxovreba aRwerilia misi Tanamedrove ucnobi avtoris mier: „cxovreba quTaisis Ruberniasa Sina myofis aw gardacvalebulis yovlad samRvdelo xonel mTavarepiskoposisa antonisa“ (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784).

anton mTavarepiskoposi maRali, tanadi da sasiamovno Sesaxedaobis mamakaci iyo. is xonis eklesiis maxloblad cxovrobda. uyvarda martooba. ZiriTad dros saxlSi, saRmrTo werilebis kiTxvaSi atarebda. antons mdidari biblioTeka hqonda. antonis saxlSi TviTneburad veravin Sevidoda. masTan misuli stumari saxlSi Sesvlis nebarTvas antonis fareSis iesakias saSualebiT iRebda. antoni iSviaTad Cndeboda xalxSi. xonis moedanze, romelic eklesiis maxloblad mdebareobda, yovelTvis uamravi adamiani ireoda da anton mTavarepiskoposi iq gavlas erideboda. Tu im adgilze gavla misTvis aucilebeli iyo, moedans kidiT-kideze Semouvlida da ise wavidoda. antoni wirvas xSirad ar atarebda. rodesac wirvis Catarebas gadawyvetda, imereTis mRvdelmTavrebs Txovda, rom RvTismsaxurebaSi monawileobis

212

misaRebad misTvis arxidiakoni, mgaloblebi, mRvdlebi da sxva eklesiis msaxurni gamoegzavnaT. samRvdeloebas antonis TxovniT mohqonda mravali saeklesio nivTi da samkauli, RvTismsaxurebaSi gamosayeneblad, magram im raodenobiT maTi gamoyeneba ar iyo saWiro.

antons wesad hqonda yoveli wirvis win tanis dabana. aRniSnuli wesis Sesasruleblad mis msaxurebs, mezobeli Tavad-aznaurebisagan urmebiT mohqondaT didi qvabebi da Tungebi, raSic wyals acxelebdnen. Tumca xSirad es samzadisi uqmad Caivlida. wirvis dawyebamde anton mTavarepiskoposi ganacxadebda: „ver movaxerxe tanis dabana“-o da daaRvrevinebda wyals: „amas mravalgzis iqmoda igi, xolo mosrulni samRvdeloni pirni, warvidoden ukanve dajildovebulni maTis uSromelis SromisaTvis Sesaferis saCuqriTa. xolo samkaulni qvabebi da Tungebi daubrundebodaT patronTa didis madlobiTa“ (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 2).

antoni, wirva-locvebisa da dResaswaulebis garda, iSviaTad Sedioda eklesiaSi. rodesac eklesiaSi Sesvlas gadawyvetda, winaswar acnobebda samRvdeloebas. taZarSi yovelTvis gverdiTa karidan Sedioda, raTa eklesiis ezoSi mdgom dedakacebs arideboda. cal xelSi ubralo Txilis joxi eWira, cali xeli ki Tvalebze hqonda afarebuli, rom mandilosnebi ar daenaxa.

antoni: „eklesiaSid Tavis adgils araodes ar dadgeboda, da mSvidobayovelTas ar ityoda, Sevidoda igi ekvdersa Sina, Caiketda karebs da darCeboda marto, vidre daboloebamde RvTismsaxurebisa, romelTa gangrZobis drosa, xSirad daiketda yurebs orisave xelebis TiTebiT da xmamaRlad, yvelas gasagonad Wixvinebda viTarca kvici cxenisa da ganagrZobda xuTidan aT minutamdis... da rasakvirvelia ar esmoda kiTxulni im minutebSi locvebi da mkiTxveli ganagrZobda kiTxvas gauCereblad. Semdgomad yurebis ganTavisuflebisa da Wixvinisagan dasvenebisa, SeamCnevda yovladsamRvdelo, rom mkiTxvels waukiTxavs ramodenime locvebi romelic mas surda moesmina. mkiTxvels dauZaxebda

213

maRalis xmiT... da dauniSnavda adgils wakiTxulis locvebisasa... da mkiTxveli mohyveboda xelaxla kiTxvasa...“ (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 3).

antonis aseTi ucnauri qcevebis gamo, mefe solomon I-sa da xonel mTavarepiskoposs Soris uTanxmoeba Camovarda. mefe: „pirvelad SuaobiTa moZRvrisaTa da Semdgom TviT pirispir winadaudebda mTavarepiskopossa, raTa mospos man ara naxuli da arca gagonili sxvisagan, mis mier qmnili Cveuleba, da aRasrulebdes movaleobasa mwyemsmTavrobisasa, swavlebaTaebr wmidaTa mamaTa; anu ganmartos misi gansakvirvebeli cxovreba romelica ukeTu aRmoCndeba keTili da Tanaxma wmidaTa sjulis kanonTa, maSin igi da erica misis samefoisa Seudgebian magaliTsa missa. garna mTavarepiskoposi kadnierebiT miugebda mefesa: mefeo! Tqven ar xelgewifebis SexvideT msjelobasa Sina Cemis cxovrebisasa“ (iqve, fur. 1).

amis gamo mefe solomon I-ma antoni xonis saepiskoposos Camoacila. antoni iZulebuli gaxda TbilisSi wasuliyo. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-m (1745-1798) antoni didi pativiT miiRo da „inaxvida yoveliTurT uzrunvelad“ (iqve, fur. 5).

solomon I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg (1784) antoni xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze dabrunda. misi xonidan wasvla 1777 wlis Semdeg unda momxdariyo, radgan 1777 wlis Sewirulobis wignSi antoni kvlav xonel mTavarepiskoposad Cans: `...mTavaro mowameTao giorgi.... yovlad uRirsman mTavarepiskoposman saydrisa Senisaman antoni, knini raime ZRveni viRvawe SenTvis da Semogwire... saepiskoposo bisoni Sekerili franguli farCa, Tavisis gawyobilis arSiiTa: kidev dabadeba erTi axali stambisa: kidev metafrasi erTi xeliT naweri didis marxvisa da zatikisa sruli: sami ese Seswiravi knini surviliT Semogwire... wmidasa da caTa mobaZavsa eklesiasa Sensa xons: aRiwera Tvesa okdombersa a (1) qristesiTgan :C R o z: (asomTavruliT) - 1777 w.~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 992).

anton CijavaZis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi yofnis

214

periodSi, xoneli episkoposis pativi ioanem miiRo. ioane xoneli moxseniebulia 1782 wlis pirobis wignSi:

„q. ese wigni da piroba mogarTvi Tqven Cvens sjulisTavs da suliers mwyemss yovlad samRudelos mTavarepiskoposs ioanes Cven maTxojis wmindis basilis eklesiis maTxojelma Temis kacma, erTobiT dekanozma, xelosanma da sruliad xalxma, ase rome ZvelaTac Senis eklesiis samwyso yofiliyo Cveni qveyana da axla batonma mefe solomon davTriT isev Tqvens eklesias miarTva samwysoT“ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2259. kakabaZe 1921b: 77). mTavarepiskopos ioanes maTxojeli glexebisTvis maTive Txovnis safuZvelze, imave saxis gadasaxadi daudvia, rac xonis samwysoSi Semavali soflebis: sawulukiZeos, naxaxuleverisa da kontoeTis glexebs edoT. es gaxldaT TiTo kexi Romis gaReba yovel mesame weliwads (iqve).

ioanes xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweobis periodSi, mefe solomon I-ma xonis wminda giorgis saydars Tavisi kuTvnili glexebi daubruna, romlebic JamTa viTarebis gamo gabneuliyvnen. am faqts mowmobs 1782 wlis solomon I-is Sewirulobis wigni: `...sruliad afxaz-imerTa mefeman mefeTagan, didad saxelovanman, solomon... suliT da gonebiT Tayvanis mcemelman, vinebe msaxureba taZrisa Senisa xons, esreT da ese viTarad, pl~Ta (pirvelTa) mefeTagan Sewirulni glexni romelnime Tu mamuli sofelsa mimokueTebaTa ganebniaT, da eris kacT samkvidrebelad Tvisad ganesakuTraT, odes moxedua hyav qveyanasa Cuensa dido mowameTa mTavaro... SewevniTa SeniTa vsZleT usjuloTa mahmadianTa, usamarTlod aRdgomilTa q~es (qristes) mosaxeleTa erTa z~a (zeda)... da trfial vyav raTa samefosa Cemisa eklesiani yovelni Tavis ufali meqmnes... ganvixile gujari monastrisa Tquenisa, da romelica daklebuli iyo, WeSmaritiTa msjavriTa da mowmobiTa, ZvelTa gujarTa, gamoviZieT amoviyuaneT, da isev Tquens w~ as (wmindas) monasters da mas Sina dadginebulsa mRvdelT mTavars miumZRuaneT, rom amasTan sxuas xeli ara hqondes, Tvinier mRvdelT mTavrisa Tquenisa....aRiwera

215

xeliTa WiWinaZe nikolaozisaTa: welsa uflisa: C R p b: (1782)~ (x.e.c. H D - 8452).

mTavarepiskoposi ioane xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze daaxloebiT XVIII saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolodan amave saukunis 80-iani wlebis Sua xanebamde moRvaweobda. 1787 wlis sabuTSi, xonel mTavarepiskoposad kvlav anton CijavaZe ixsenieba (kakabaZe 1921b: 86).

antoni xonSi dabrunebis Semdeg aqtiurad Seudga Tavis moRvaweobas. igi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas did yuradRebas aqcevda. xonis eklesiasTan aamoqmeda samrevlo skola, sadac araerTi mwignobari gaizarda, maT Soris iyo mitrofane grigolaSvili, romelsac Seudgenia sasuliero-meToduri xasiaTis saxelmZRvanelo „swavla Tu viTar mmarTebs moZRvarsa swavleba mowafisa, kiTxva migebiT warmodgenili“ (vaWriZe g: 1999: 55). antoni gansakuTrebiT zrunavda fizikuri naklis mqone bavSvebze, romelTaTvisac xonSi asadgiliani saavadmyofo aago. aseTi Rvawlis gamo mas qeba-didebiT ixseniebs ioane batoniSvili: „mTavarepiskoposi JiJavaZe (CijavaZe) kaci RmerT–Semosili da siwmindiTa sruli, romelic yovelTvis hzrdis glaxakTa xonisa qalaqsa Sina sxvadasxva senTagan SepyrobilTa, vidre asisa sulisa umetes (batoniSvili ioane 1948; 212).

anton CijavaZes, rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, xonis wminda giorgis eklesiaSi mdidari wignTsacavi hqonda. misi saxsrebiT mravali wigni gadaiwera. Tbilisis sionisa da safaris wminda sabas lavris ikonomos diakonebi didxans moRvaweobdnen xonSi. maTi xeliT ganaxlda asobiT sigeli, wyalobisa da Sewirulebis wignebi (failoZe 1997: 174). anton xonelTan daaxlovebuli yofilan qarTlidan imereTis samefoSi gadmoxvewili mama Svili ose da ioane gabaSvilebi. maT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi umoRvawiaT xonSi da anton xonelis davalebiT aTobiT samarTlis Zegli gadauweriaT (failoZe 2003: 75). erTerT minawerSi ioane oses Ze aRniSnavs, rom: `...CijavaZeman... pativiT mTavarepiskoposman y~d samRvdeloman meufeman antonios mibrZana wignis amis...gansrulebai kmaTa sayideliTa, romelica iyo dids

216

xuTSabaTamdis dawerili keTilxelovnisa visganme....Tvesa iulissa: a (1) welsa :C R u e: (1795)~ (Jordania 1967: 433).

antonis mimarT pativiscemas iCenda imereTis mefe solomon II. xoneli mTavarepiskoposi didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda raWa-imereTis mRvdelmTavrebs Sorisac: `...aqvndaT Cveuleba imereTis yovlad samRvdeloTa drosa ukeTu raime uweseba ganmravldeboda, moaxdendnen krebasa da mas Sina mTavarepiskoposs (antons b. g.) TiTqmis aqvnda upirvelesi adgili da verca romelime piri aRudgeboden miss azrs~(x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 5).

1793 wels anton xonelma dawera anderZi, romelic d. furcelaZem SecdomiT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis anton II-is anderZad miiCnia da gamoaqveyna, rogorc „anderZi anton II saqarTvelos kaTalikosisa.“ Semdgom gairkva, rom aRniSnuli anderZi ekuTvnoda ara anton II-s, aramed xonel episkoposs anton CijavaZes: „me mTavarepiskoposi antoni vityvi anderZsa mas Tqvenda momarT Cemo moZRuaro CigogiZe, mRvdel-monazono daviT da lazare... jvaris mtvirTvelo mRudelo Cxenkelo ioane, rvaasi marCili Cemi naRvawi aris da mogebuli, da arara sxvisa urevia... amas Tquen garwmunebT da gevedrebi-ye rom keTilad moaxmaroT Cems suls daurigoT ar gaabnioT“ (furcelaZe 1890: 15). antoni gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi Tavis krebuls ubarebda, rom naxsenebi rvaasi marCilidan quTaTel dosiTeoss da genaTel efTvimes TavianTi krebulianaT sawiravad mirTmeoda 40-40 marCili. nikorwmindel sofronioss 30 marCili. agreTve Wyondidel antons, jumaTel maqsimes da caiSel grigols 30-30 marCili... anderZSi naxsenebia sxva samRvdelo pirebic, romelTac antonis danabarebisamebr unda miscemodaT Sesabamisi Sewiruleba.

antoni Tavis sulze zrunvas genaTel mitropolit efTvimes avedrebda. „...wmindano mRudelno aw amas vTxoulob winaSe Tqvensa rom qristes gulisaTvis wmindas da yovladsamRudelos gaenaTel mitropolits muxlmodgmiT da cremliT SemavedroT, rom Cems suls mouaros da

217

gamirigos es Cemi naanderZevi... Tu batonma genaTelma eTvimem inebos, da daviT winamZRuarma, eseebi sadac me davimarxo im eklesiazed daiduas Cemis sulis mosaxseneblad da saoxad, raTamca moixsenebden sulsa Cemsa ubadruksa da codvilsa da keTilTagan caliersa. daiwera qristes aqeT :CRJg: – 1793~ (furcelaZe 1890: 19-20).

am anderZis daweris dros anton mTavarepiskoposi ver warmoidgenda, rom 28 wlis Semdeg raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi gauqmdeboda da am faqts Tavadac moeswreboda. xolo genaTeli efTvime, romelsac Tavis sulze zrunvas avedrebda, ruseTis Soreul monasterSi daasrulebda sicocxles.

xonis samwysoSi saxnav-saTesi miwebis simwirisa da sxva gausaZlisi pirobebis gamo, xonis eklesiis ymebma „ganbneva“ da mezobel mxareebSi gadasvla daiwyes, rac did zarals ayenebda xonis saepiskoposos ekonomikur mdgomareobas. mTavarepiskoposi antoni xonis samwysodan „ganbneuli“ yma-glexebis TavianT adgilebze dabrunebas da maTTvis yofiTi pirobebis gaumjobesebas Seecada. man daxmarebisaTvis mefe solomon II-s mimarTa. 1802 wlis erT-erT saTavdebo wignSi aRniSnulia: `...ese saTavdebo wigni da piroba mogarTviT Tqven batons mTavarepiskoposs antonis, me Tvqenman monaman andriam iamaniZem, ase rom Tqueni eklesiis ymani ganibnen, zogni adgilis iwroebisaTvin, zogni saxvdasxva SewuxebisaTvin. es saqme batons mefes moxsenda Tqvengan. batonma boqaulebi warmogzavna maTs mosaZebnad...” (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme 986). es faqti imave 1802 wels gacemuli mefe solomon II-is Sewirulobis wignSic aRiniSneba: „moiwia winaSe Cvensa kaci patiosani... mTavarepiskoposi CijavaZe antoni da eklesiisa (igulisxmeba xonis eklesia b. g.) Tqvenisa ymaTa ganbneva mauwya da iwroeba sayofelTa maTTa warmomiTxra da warvavline yovelTa samefoTa CemTa kacni da Semovkriben ganbneulni glexni da TvisTvis adgilzed miviyuanen“ (kakabaZe 1921b: 124).

anton xonelis TxovniT, mefe solomon II-m xonis eklesias damatebiT Tavisi saxaso miwa gamouyo: „xonidam

218

maTxojis sazRuramdin verxuas aqeT wulukiZes saCxeiZo adgili rom uWiravs, imis goramdis, mefis nasaxlaramdis da kontoeTis sazRvramdis“ (kakabaZe 1921b: 124). am sazRvrebs SigniT arsebuli mefis „samodo“ miwa, xonis saepiskoposos sakuTreba gaxda. am miwaze momuSave xonis eklesiis glexebs, samwyso gamosaRebis garda veravin moTxovda damatebiTi gadasaxadis gadaxdas da sxva saxis samsaxurs.

1803 wels mTavarepiskopos antonis TxovniT, mefe solomon II-m xonis eklesiis ymebi mRvdeli tabiZe giorgi da misi Zmebi, WyviSurSi daasaxla. imave wels xonis samwysos ymebs sanoZe gogias da mis Zmas kikolas, mefem saWilaoSi Tavisi saxaso miwa uboZa (iqve, 141-142). miuxedavad anton mTavarepiskoposis didi mcdelobebisa, rom xonis samwysos glexebisaTvis pirobebi gaeumjobesebina, maTi nawili mainc Tavisi alagidan ayrasa da sxva mxareSi gadasvlas cdilobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi anton xoneli mefes mimarTavda, romelic aiZulebda glexebs Tavis adgilze darCenas.

1805 wels xonis eklesiis glexi gigutela ruxaZe sxva mxareSi gadasvlas apirebda, anton xonelma es ambavi mefes amcno. mefem saqmis mogvareba boqaul svimon alaviZes daavala, romelmac aiZula gigutela ruxaZe adgilze darCeniliyo. Tumca antoni gigutelas aRar endo da am ukanasknels mTavarepiskoposis winaSe Tavmdebad, kikaliSvili xutunia daudga (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 895. kakabaZe 1921b: 148). imave 1805 wels antonma aiZula TviTneburad ayrili da wulukiZis mamulSi dasaxlebuli xoxonia sanoZe, Tavis adgils dabruneboda (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 999). msgavsi SemTxvevebi Semdgom xanebSiac xdeboda, magram anton xonelis aqtiurobis Sedegad, xonis eklesiis glexebis ZiriTadi nawili, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, TavianT adgilebs daubrundnen. glexebis dabrunebam da maTTvis damatebiTi miwebis gamoyofam, xonis saepiskoposos ekonomikuri mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesa.

1807 wels anton mTavarepiskoposs, kuxSi mcxovrebi vaWaraZeebis gamo, jixaiSel RoRoberiZeebTan hqonda dava. davaSi mefe solomon II Caeria da mxareebi moariga. anton

219

xonelma RoRoberiZeebs begara amoukveTa. amis sanacvlod RoRoberiZeebma, vaWaraZeebis Svidi ojaxi, TavianTi ̀ saZebar-uZebriT~ xonis saydarsa da xonel mTavarepiskopos antons dauTmo (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448 saqme - 883).

xonis eklesiis saSemosavlo saqmeebs mRvdeli ioane Cxenkeli ganagebda. Tavad antoni, misi Tanamedroves gadmocemiT, fuls xelSi arasodes iRebda da arc „Sexedvida TvaliTa.“ antons arc Tavisi beWedi unaxavs rodisme, romelic sabuTebis dasamowmeblad daismeboda. is ebara mRvdel lazare CxeiZes. Tuki xonel mTavarepiskoposTan vinme saCivarze mividoda, antons pasuxi mzad hqonda: „ar vici me samarTali; me wirva da locva vici, wadi moxeleebTan“-o (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 13).

anton CijavaZe imereTis mefis solomon II-is (1790-1810) erTguli da mxardamWeri iyo.

ruseTis imperiam qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsiis Semdeg, Tavisi agresia imereTis samefoze miitana. Cven wina TavSi ganvixileT imereTis samefos gauqmebis procesebi da amitom am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT aRar SevCerdebiT.

1809 wlis miwuruls, imereTSi politikurma krizisma kuliminacias miaRwia. quTaisSi rusuli sajariso nawilebi idga. mefe solomon II Tavisi amaliT varcixeSi gadavida. situaciis gansamuxtavad, imereTis samRvdeloebam da Tavad-aznaurobam, 1809 wlis 30 dekembers TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebel general aleqsandre tormasovs, ruseTis imperiasa da imereTis samefos Soris axali xelSekrulebis dadebis Taobaze. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom imereTis sazogadoebas surda SenarCunebuliyo imereTis mefis xelisufleba ruseTis imperatoris mfarvelobis qveS. mimarTvas sxva saero da sasuliero pirebTan erTad xels awerda xoneli mTavarepiskoposi anton CijavaZec (kakabaZe 1956: 416).

aRniSnulma mimarTvam Sedegi ver gamoiRo. 1810 wlis martis TveSi mefe solomon II ruseTis saxelisuflebo wreebma motyuebiT Seipyres da TbilisSi gadaiyvanes, mefis amalis wevrebs ki aiZulebdnen ruseTis xelmwifis

220

erTgulebaze fici daedoT. 1810 wlis aprilis TveSi erTgulebis fics saero pirebTan erTad xeli moaweres efTvime genaTelma da sofronios nikorwmindelma (kakabaZe 1956: 487). ruseTis erTgulebis ficis dadeba aiZules xonel Tavadebsac. aRniSnul saficars xeli ar moawera xonelma mTavarepioskoposma anton CijavaZem (failoZe 2003: 61).

imave 1810 wels mefe solomon II-is meuRle dedofali mariami, ruseTSi gadaasaxles. dedofalma TxovniT mimarTa mTavarepiskopos antons, raTa mas mfarveloba gaewia axalaZeebis ojaxis, agreTve dedoflis ZiZisa da ZiZiSvilebisaTvis. dedofali mariami anton xonels werda: „...yovlad usamRvdeloesobas da Cvens sasoebas batons mTavarepiskoposs... vici Tqvenis mowyalebisagan Cvens ambavs moixseneb da es aris ruseTs wamiyvanes. didi xani aris aRTqma mqonda Tqvenis eklesiis, es glexebi axalaZeni und aSemewira. es ori weliwadi aris wignic dawerili maqvs da miaxlebia wignic da es axalaZeebic. Tqven iciT da Tqvenma mamaSvilobam rasac mas mouvliT, kacs xeli aravisa aqvs... amas gevedrebi, Tqvens wmindas locvaSid nu dagviviwyebT... Tqvenis eklesiis Sewiruli gaxlavs Cemi ZiZa da ZiZiSvilebi da gebralebodes, urigod aravin rame awyeninos“ (kakabaZe 1921b: 168).

TbilisSi myofma mefe solomon II-m patimrobidan gaqceva SeZlo. is imereTSi Cavida da samefo taxtis dabrunebas Seecada, magram ruseTis jarTan uTanasworo brZolaSi damarcxda da imereTs gaecala. 1815 wlis 15 Tebervals devnili mefe solomon II trapizonSi gardaicvala.

1810 wlidan imereTSi rusuli mmarTveloba damyarda. ruseTis xelisufleba qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis gauqmebis Semdeg, mravalsaukunovan saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasac miadga.

1810 wels ruseTSi myof saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs anton II-s, samSobloSi dabrunebis ufleba aRar misces. mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikoso gauqmebul iqna. 1814 wels igive bedi gaiziara afxazeTis (dasavleT

221

saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosom. Seiqmna saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora, romelic saqarTvelos pirvel egzarqoss varlams daeqvemdebara.

marTalia, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso iuridiulad 1814 wels gauqmda, magram faqtobrivad is da masSi Semavali saepiskoposoebi arsebobas ganagrZobdnen. afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba quTaTelma episkoposma dosiTeos wereTelma SeiTavsa. aqtiur moRvaweobas ganagrZobdnen efTvime genaTeli, sofronios nikorwmindeli da anton xoneli.

am movlenebamde ori wliT adre, 1812 wels, imereTSi Jami gaCnda, ramac uamravi adamiani imsxverpla. erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT, Jamianobis Sedegad imereTSi imdeni adamiani daixoca, rom aRar darCenila mosaxleobis meoTxedi (Jordania 1967: 492). Jamianobis gamo anton mTavarepiskoposi Tavisi krebuliT xonidan raWaSi gadavida. igi sofel naangarevs Tavad giorgi wulukiZis saxlSi cxovrobda. aq Seityo man Zmis, rZlis da Zmiswulis gardacvalebis ambavi. am ambis gamgoni ezoSi usityvod gasula da mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi papanaqeba sicxeSi gaunZrevlad mjdara. mxolod mzis Casvlis Semdeg dabrunebula saxlSi da msaxurTaTvis ubrZanebia mwuxris locvis wakiTxva (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 10).

1817 wels varlami saqarTvelos egzarqosobidan gadaayenes da mis nacvlad Teofilaqte rusanovi daadgines, romelsac dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daevala. am reformis ZaliT raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi erT eparqiad erTiandeboda, romlis saTaveSi mdgomi mRvdelmTavari, saqarTvelos egzarqoss unda damorCileboda. quTaisSi Casulma egzarqosma piroba misca mxcovan mRvdelmTavrebs dosiTeos quTaTels, efTvime genaTelsa da anton xonels, rom maT sicocxleSi raWa - imereTis saepiskoposo kaTedrebs ar gaauqmebda (failoZe 2003: 86), Tumca reforma mainc daiwyo. reforma iTvaliswinebda raWa-imereTSi arsebuli moqmedi eklesiebis

222

Semcirebas da sasuliero pirTa nawilis daTxovnas. unda gazrdiliyo saeklesio glexebis gadasaxadebi. yovelive aman xalxis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia, eri da beri Tavisi eklesiisa da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis gadasarCenad gaerTianda. ajanyebis erT-erT ZiriTad keras xoni warmoadgenda. xonis ukanaskneli episkoposi anton CijavaZe, dosiTeos quTaTelTan da efTvime genaTelTan erTad, am ajanyebis aqtiuri monawile da xelmZRvaneli iyo (vaWriZe p: 2000: 21). generali sisoevis mier 1819 wlis 8 seqtembris dakiTxvis oqmSi aRniSnulia rom: ̀ arqiepiskoposi antoni iyo pirveli mizezi xalxis Sekrebisa vakis olqSi. man xonidan gaagdo eparqiis mmarTveli arqimandriti nikolozi, imitom rom man (nikolozma b. g.) Seasrula egzarqosis mindobiloba xonis eparqiis aRweris Taobaze~ (failoZe 2003: 68). ajanyeba xonidan daiwyo da TiTqmis mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos moedo. mis dawyebas ki biZgi misca anton xonelis mier egzarqosis warmomadgenlis xonidan gaZevebam.

1820 wlis 3 marts saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTeblis aleqsandre ermolovis brZanebiT, Seipyres ajanyebis meTaurebad Seracxuli meufeebi: dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli. mTavrobam dapatimrebuli mRvdelmTavrebis ruseTSi gadasaxleba gadawyvita. dosiTeos quTaTeli Sepyrobis dros miRebuli Wrilobebis Sedegad gzaSi gardaicvala da ananurSi daasaflaves. efTvime genaTelma ruseTSi CaaRwia da 1822 wlis 21 aprils aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monasterSi aResrula.

im Rames, rodesac dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli waiyvanes, egzarqosma Teofilaqte rusanovma „saimedo uriadnikis“ xeliT, anton mTavarepiskoposs Setyobineba gaugzavna. uriadniki xonSi gaTenebamde mivida. man moindoma maSinve enaxa mTavarepiskoposi antoni, magram msaxurebma amis neba ar misces. uriadniki daJinebiT iTxovda mTavarepiskoposTan Sexvedras, raTa eqzarqosis Setyobineba gadaeca. antonma msaxurebs ubrZana, SeeSvaT masTan uriadniki, Setyobinebis wasakiTxad ki mRvdeli ivane Cxenkeli ixmo. Cxenkelma gaxsna konverti da bolomde waikiTxa

223

gankarguleba, romlis mixedviTac xoneli mTavarepiskoposi Tavisufldeboda xonis eparqiis „saWedmpyroblobisagan“ da gaerTianebuli raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi nikorwmindeli sofronios wulukiZis daqvemdebarebaSi gadadioda. antons saxelmwifosgan sazrdod eniSneboda Svidasi maneTi. mxcovani xoneli episkoposi am ambavs sevdanarevi ironiiT Sexvda.

rodesac Cxenkelma kiTxva daasrula, antonma Tavis fareSs gadaxeda da RimiliT hkiTxa: „biWo iesika? ra gviWirs gveyofa amdeni TeTri? iesikam upasuxa: ki batono, diaR gveyofa. mermeT yovlad samRvdelom daiZaxa, Cxenkele! Rvino daalevineT mag russ, oTxi marCili aCuqeT da gauSviT~-o.

„antonis cxovrebis“ aRmweri weras am sityvebiT amTavrebs: „amazed unda vsTqvaT namdvilad, romel mas (antons) ara surda araviTari dideba, vinaidgan didi ese samZimod SesaniSnavi saqme Seracxa man ararad, da arca Seswuxna igi moklebisaTvis qveynieris pativs“ (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784, fur. 16).

ruseTis xelisuflebam anton xonelisaTvis xonis saepiskoposos mmarTvelobidan Camocileba, 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyebaSi misi aqtiuri monawileobis gamo miiRo. 1821 wlis 26 noembris dadgenilebiT, saqarTvelos saegzarqosom, xonis sasuliero eparqia gaauqma da imereTis eparqiaSi gaaerTiana (failoZe 1997: 175). miuxedavad imisa, rom formalurad xonis saepiskoposo gauqmebulad gamocxadda, antonma xonelis pativi sicoxlis bolomde SeinarCuna da Tavs kvlavac xonis saydris mwyemsmTavrad acxadebda. am faqts mowmobs 1822 wlis 6 Tebervlis sabuTi, sadac anton xoneli pirobas debs xonis dekanoz miqaelisa da misi SvilebisTvis sadekanozos CamourTmevlobis Sesaxeb: `Cuen quemoT xelis momwerni y~d samRvdelo mTavarepiskoposi antoni esreT utyuels da WeSmaritis mowmobis weriliT vamowmeb, ormocdaTuTxmeti weli iqmneba xonis episkoposad var da aravisgan CamorTmevia xonis dekanozs miqaels da mis Svilebs sadekanozo romelic dadebuli yofila s~d (sruliad) xonis, ivandidis da qarCxaSis da arc es gamigonia

224

xons mTavarangelozis sadris Semavals sxva dekanozi yolodes da an Cems mRedelT mTavrobaSid maTi sadekanozo maT warTmeodes miqels dekanozs da mis Svilebs an Cuengan da an sxua mRvdelT mTavrisagan ase simarTliT vmowmob da beWediTa CemiTa vamtkiceb Cem werilsa amas mowmobasa Cemis moZRvris daviT winamZRvris TandaswrebiT da mowmobiT.~ sabuTis bolos dasmulia xoneli mTavarepiskoposis beWedi (x.e.c. fondi HD - 6733).

anton xonelis beWedi

rogorc Cans, imereTis eparqiis mmarTvelad daniSnuli sofronios wulukiZe, romlis daqvemdebarebaSi Sedioda raWa-imereTis oTxive saepiskoposo, angariSs uwevda uxucesi xoneli mTavarepiskoposis anton CijavaZis avtoritets da mas sicocxlis bolomde, de faqto xonis saepiskoposos mmarTveloba SeunarCuna.

anton CijavaZe 1822 wlis 17 ivliss gardaicvala (Jordania 1967: 518). ukanaskneli xoneli episkoposi Tavisi survilis Tanaxmad daasaflaves xonis eklesiis samreklos qveS.

225

xonel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi

manoel CxetiZe 1529-1534 zaqaria CxetiZe 1534-XVI s-is 70-ianibasili CxeiZe XVI s-is 80 - iani ww.-dan- XVII s-is dasawyisamdemalaqia (af. kaTalikosi) caiSel-jumaTel-xoneli 1619-1639 svimon CxeiZe 1639-1650svimon CijavaZe 1650-1673gedeon lorTqifaniZe 1673-1678 svimon sayvareliZe 1678-XVII s-is 90-iani ww. romanozi XVII-XVIII saukuneTa mijnaioseb maCabeli XVIII s-is 50-ianiww.-dan-1763 maqsime iaSvili 1763-1771anton CijavaZe 1771-XVIII s-is 70-iani wlebis boloioane XVIII s-is 70-iani wlebis bolo-1787 anton CijavaZe 1787-1820-22

226

Tavi VII

nikorwmindeli episkoposebis moRvaweoba

da maTi qronologiuri rigi

(1534 - 1820)

1534 wels imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565) iniciativiT, axladdaarsebul nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze, nikorwmindel episkoposad manoeli iqna dadgenili. manoelis nikorwmindelad xeldasxmis TariRTan dakavSirebiT samecniero wreebSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa gamoTqmuli. nawili mecnierebisa miiCnevs, rom es faqti 1534 wels moxda (T. Jordania, e. TayaiSvili, m. berZniSvili g. guguSvili da sxv.), meore nawils 1544 weli miaCnia sworad (s. kakabaZe, T. beraZe, m. murusiZe da sxv.). aRniSnul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas bagrat III-is mier nikorwmindisaTvis gacemuli sigelis gansxvavebuli daTariRebebi iwvevs, sadac nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebazea saubari, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

manoel nikorwmindeli mefe bagrat III-sadmi erTgulebiT gamoirCeoda. mefe bagrati Tavis sigelSi mas `wminda da RmerT Semosil~ pirovnebad ixseniebs: ̀ mefeT mefeman bagrat da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman dedofalT dedofalman elene vigulismodgineT da xelvhyaviT aRSenebada dakninebulisa monastrisa nikolwmidisa da Sevqmen saydrada da saepiskopozoda da davadgine da wmida da RmerTSemosili angelozaTa mobaZavi mRdelT mTavar episkopozi wmida da meufe manoel...~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 6)

mefe bagrat III-is mier nikorwmindis taZris ganaxlebis Sesaxeb saubrobs Tavad manoel nikorwmindelic: `q. RvTiv gvirgvinosanman mefeman bagrat ganaaxla da kidiT aRaSena eklesia wmidis mRvdelT moZRvris nikolozis misda sadRegrZeloT da gasamarjveblad... igulismodgina TviT mpyrobelman mefeman da uZlevelman xelmwifeman monasteri ese eklesiad da damadgina me ganmged da efiskoposad uRirsi da codvili mRvdel mTavari manoel...~ (iqve, 4).

227

zemoT moyvanil dokumentebSi moxseniebuli manoel nikorwmindeli, T. Jordanias varaudiT SeiZleba igive manoel CxetiZe iyos, romelic 1529 wels xonelad dasves (Jordania 1897: 379). arsebobs varaudi rom manoeli xonelobamde quTaTeli yofila (iqve, 233).1 T. Jordanias mier gamocemuli bagrat III-is sigeli, sadac manoelis nikorwmindelad xeldasxmazea saubari, daTariRebulia 1534 wliT: `daiwera indiktionsa mefobisa Cvenisa meoTxesa q ~ ks :s k b: (1534) T~a agvistosa cxrasa~ (iqve, 380). aRniSnuli dokumenti s. kakabaZis mierac iqna gamoqveynebuli sadac~ qoronikonsa :s k b:~- s (1534) damatebuli aqvs aTis aRmniSvneli i. aseT SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT ara 1534 aramed 1544 wels. ̀ daiwera indiktionsa mefobisa Cvenisasa meoTxesa q~sa : s k i b:~ (1544) (kakabaZe 1912a: 8 ).

bagrat III imereTis samefo taxtze 1510 wels avida, aqidan gamomdinare misi mefobis meoTxe indiktioni 1513 weli gamodis da SeusabamobaSi modis aRniSnuli sabuTis 1534 da 1544 wlebiT daTariRebasTan. T. Jordanias varaudiT dokumentSi aRniSnuli`mefobisa C~nisa meoTxesa~-s nacvlad, unda igulisxmebodes `ocdameoTxesa~ (Jordania 1897: 379). aseT SemTxvevaSi manoelis nikorwmindel episkoposad xeldasxmis TariRi 1534 weli iqneba (1510 + 24 = 1534). es varaudi ufro misaRebi Cans. manoel CxetiZes nikorwmindeli episkoposis pativi bagrat III-is gamefebidan ocdameoTxe wels, anu 1534 wels unda mieRo.2

manoel nikorwmindeli, yofil xonel episkopos manoel CxetiZed miiCnies g. guguSvilma da m. murusiZemac. am ukanasknels miaCnia, rom manoelis xonidan nikorwmindaSi gadayvana 1544 welsmoxda (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 51).

manoel CxetiZe arc nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze darCenila didxans. rogorc irkveva is nikorwmindidan awyurSi gadasula. nikorwmindaSi daculi erT-erTi xelnaweris minawerSi aRniSnulia: `CxetiZesa manoelsa mawyuerelsa dRegrZelobiT codvani maTni Seundnes R~n (RmerTman)~ (TayaiSvili 1939: 5. xelaia 2011: 181). e. 1 ix. xoneli episkoposebi...2 vrclad ix. axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba....

228

TayaiSvili varaudobda, rom es minaweri imereTis mefis giorgi II-is mefobis dros Sesrulda 1548-1585 wlebSi (TayaiSvili 1939: 5). didi mecnieri eyrdnoboda vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobas, romlis mixedviT bagrat III 1548 wels gardaicvala da imave wels taxtze misi Ze giorgi II avida. Tanamedrove samecniero wreebSi bagrat III-is gardacvalebis TariRad 1565 welia miCneuli. zemoT moyvanili minaweri ara giorgi II-is (1565-1584) aramed misi mamis bagrat III-is mefobis periods unda ekuTvnodes. safiqrebelia, rom manoel CxetiZis nikorwmindidan awyurSi gadayvana bagrat III-is iniciativiT moxda.

1535 wels murjaxeTTan brZolaSi bagrat III-m daamarcxa samcxis aTabagi yvaryvare jayeli da samcxe imereTs SemouerTa. bagratma samcxeze gavlena aTi weli SeinarCuna. am xnis ganmavlobaSi is cdilobda samcxeSi Tavisi poziciebis ganmtkicebas. dasaxuli miznebis gansaxorcieleblad bagratisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo eklesiis mxardaWera. awyuris saepiskoposo upiratesi iyo samcxis eparqiaTa Soris, amitom mawyverelis kaTedraze mefe bagratis ndobiT aRWurvili piris yofna, mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo samcxeSi imereTis mefis poziciebis ganmtkicebisTvis. swored amas unda ukavSirdebodes mefe bagrat III-is mier manoel CxetiZis nikorwmindidan awyurSi gadayvana, rac qarTlis kaTalikosTan SeTanxmebis Semdeg unda momxdariyo, radgan awyuris saepiskoposo mcxeTis (qarTlis) sakaTalikoso taxts emorCileboda.

savaraudod manoel CxetiZis nikorwmindidan awyurSi gadayvana 1538-1545 wlebs Soris moxda, radgan 1538 wlamde awyuris saepiskoposo kaTedra ioakimes ekava (gurgeniZe: xelnaweris uflebiT), 1545 wels ki soxoistas brZolaSi bagrat III-m marcxi ganicada osmalebTan da dakarga samcxe. aqidan gamomdinare naklebad savaraudoa, rom amis Semdeg bagrats moexerxebina samcxis yvelaze gavlenian saepiskoposo kaTedraze Tavisi erTguli sasuliero piri daesva. samwuxarod manoel CxetiZis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar mogvepoveba. man nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze

229

daaxloebiT 1534 wlidan XVI s-is 40-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi imoRvawa.

manoelis Semdeg nikorwmindeli episkoposi ioakime gaxda. man monawileoba miiRo bagrat III-is TaosnobiT gamarTul dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaSi, romelic im xanad ersa da eklesiaSi gavrcelebuli mankierebebis aRsakveTad iqna mowveuli. aRniSnuli kreba XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi Catarda.1

vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT: `...Seikrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi malaqia, afxazTa kaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereT-odiSisani. xolo episkoposni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim, Caiseli kirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernes da SeaCuennes moqmedni misni, viTarca gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi~ (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 824).

krebas miuRia dadgenileba romelic `samarTali kaTalikozisa~-s saxeliT aris cnobili. krebaSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda nikorwmindeli episkoposi ioakime, romelmac sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad, ersa da eklesiaSi gavrcelebuli mankierebebis aRsakveTad, xeli moawera aRniSnuli krebis ganCinebas. sxva cnobebi nikorwmindeli ioakimes Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. man nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze daaxloebiT XVI s-is 40-iani wlebis meore naxevridan XVI s-is 50-iani wlebis CaTvliT imoRvawa.

1559 wlis 24 oqtombriT daTariRebul dokumentSi, nikorwmindel episkoposad daviT sayvareliZe ixsenieba. igi nikorwmindis eklesias swiravs sofel xivSSi mcxovreb glexslazare donaZes: `...Cven friad codvilman mRdelT mTavarebiskopo-sman nikorwmidelman daviT sayvareliZeman, SemogwireT.... xviSs erTi glexi donaZe lazare, misis colSviliTa..... saZebriTa da uZebriTa, dRes amas iqiT risic mqonebeli iyos, marTlis samarTlianis saqmiTa Semogviwiravs


230

yovlis kacis usadevoT.... aRiwera Tvesa okdombris k d, (24) qoronikons qristes aqeT C f n T (1559)~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3320. q. s. Z. 1970: 263).

s. kakabaZem miiCnia, rom aRniSnuli dokumenti xelis mixedviT ara XVI, aramed XVII saukunes unda ekuTvnodes da is 1559 wlis nacvlad, 1659 wliT daaTariRa. dokumentSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli daviT sayvareliZe ki, gaaigiva mefe bagrat IV-is mier 1669 wels ruseTis mefisadmi gagzavnil werilSi moxseniebul nikorwmindel daviTTan (kakabaZe 1921a: 63).

s. kakabaZis varaudi gaiziara g. guguSvilma da m. murusiZem. am ukanasknelma miiCnia rom daviT sayvareliZe unda iyos rusi elCebis ievlevisa da toloCanovis aRwerilobaSi moxseniebuli daviT mitropoliti (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 54). ievlevi da toloCanovi raWasa da imereTSi 1650-1652 wlebSi imyofebodnen, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdabiT).

1559 wlis sabuTSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli daviT sayvareliZis XVI s-is 50-70-ian wlebSi moRvawe nikorwmindel daviTTan gaigiveba, kiTxvebs badebs da dazustebas moiTxovs. wyaroTa simwiris gamo Znelia zusti daskvnis gakeTeba. aqidan gamomdinare am sakiTxs jerjerobiT Riad davtovebT.

ambrosi xelaia zemoT moyvanil dokumentSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli episkoposis saxels, daviTis nacvlad simoniT ixseniebs (xelaia 2011: 198). CvenTvis gaugebaria daviT sayvareliZis simon sayvareliZiT moxsenieba, radgan am dokumentis dedanSi garkveviT ikiTxeba nikorwmindeli episkoposis saxeli - daviT sayvareliZe.

XVI s-is 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra ambrosis uWiravs. igi mefe bagrat III-is Sewirulebis wignSia dafiqsirebuli. aRniSnul sigelSi moxseniebuli ambrosi, nikorwmindeli ambrosi baqraZe unda iyos, romelic agreTve moxseniebulia 1591 wliT daTariRebul levan imerTa mefis sigelSi, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

231

imereTis mefis bagrat III-is Sewirulebis wignSi naTqvamia: `q. Cven RTisagan amaRlebulman patronman mefeT mefeman bagrat da Tanamecxedreman Cvenman dedofalT dedofalman elene vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqveni, movikiTxeT wmindis nikolaozs Sewiruli sofelni da viTaca pirvel papa mamaTa CvenTagan ganCinebuli da Sewiruli yofiliyo, ise Cven dagimtkiceT da gangiaxleT Sen mRdel mTavar efiskofozs ambroses rcxilaTi bujas aqeT srulad samni gvarni mosaxleni gabisaZeni, CafiZeni, gamezardaSvilni... aw vinc es Cvengan dawerili scvalos Cvenis codvis gvarad da muqafad ganikiTxos amin~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 10). sabuTs TariRi ar gaaCnia. igi XVI s-is 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi unda iyos Sedgenili.

ambrosis nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra rogorc Cans bagrat III-is mefobis bolo xans ekava, (1565 wlis axlo xanebi). mefe bagrat III nikorwmindis saepiskoposoze zrunvas ganagrZobda. man zemoT moyvanili sabuTis mixedviT, ambrosi nikorwmindelis Txovna daakmayofila da nikorwmindis samwysos Seswira argveTis mxaris sofeli rcxilaTi sami mosaxle glexis ojaxiT.

daaxloebiT 1565 wlidan nikorwmindeli episkoposi melqisedek sayvareliZe gaxda. nikorwmindis taZris dasavleTi kedlis CrdiloeT nawilSi qvaze kuTxovani asomTavruliT weria: `wmindao nikoloz: meox eyav mefes giorgis: misi mowyalebiT WeliSi avaSene: nikolozwmidelman sayvareliZeman melqizedek: amin~ (boWoriZe 1994: 99). g. boWoriZis mtkicebiT warwera XVI saukunes ekuTvnis. masSi moxseniebuli giorgi, imereTis mefe giorgi II (1565-1583) unda iyos, romelic ikiTxeba amave eklesiis RvTismSoblis xatis warweraSi Tavisi ZiT leoniT. melqisedek sayvareliZis vinaobas g. boWoriZe kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs da dasZens: `vin aris nikolaozwmideli melqisedek sayvareliZe, saistorio wyaroebidan ar Cans. amave saxelisa da gvaris piri aris gaenaTis mTavarepiskoposi giorgis mamis, bagrat III-is dros~ (boWoriZe 1994: 99).

moyvanil warweraSi moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli

232

melqisedek sayvareliZe, pirveli genaTeli episkoposi melqisedeki unda iyos, romelmac giorgi II-is gamefebis Semdeg nikorwmindelis pativi miiRo. nikorwmindel melqisedek sayvareliZes, pirvel genaTel melqisedekTan aigivebs m. murusiZec da mis nikorwmindelad moRvaweobis periods 1565-1573 wlebs Soris varaudobs (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 53).

1573 wlis sabuTSi imereTis mefe giorgi II, genaTeli sayvareliZis kar-midamos swiravs gelaTs. dokumentSi naTqvamia rom: `gelaTs saxli, sayvareliZe genaTeli rom miicvala, is adgili da imas qveSiT galavnisa da imas Sua bostani.... aw ese glexebi da mamuli yovlisa kacisagan SeucileblaT Segviwiravs... (gelaTisaTvis - b. g.). daiwera indiktionsa mefobisa Cuenisa q~ks (qoronikonsa) oras samocdaerTsa (1573), xeliTa karisa Cvenis divanmwignobrisa TavaqalaSvilis aRasiTa~ (kakabaZe 1921a: 31). savaraudoa, rom sabuTis Sedgenis dros melqisedek sayvareliZe axali gardacvlili iyo. miuxedevad imisa, rom mas gardacvalebis Jams genaTelis pativi aRar eWira, mefe giorgi II mainc genaTelad ixseniebs rogorc gelaTis pirvel episkoposs da mis sacxovriss gelaTs swiravs.

Cans, melqisedeks genaTlobidan pirdapir nikorwmindeloba ar miuRia. dokumentSi `samarTali kaTalikozisa~ romelic savaraudod XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSia Sedgenili, nikorwmindel episkoposad ioakime ixsenieba, xolo genaTelad yofili mawyvereli antoni. cxadia am dros melqisedeks aRar ekava gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra, xolo nikorwmindeloba jer ar hqonda miRebuli. wyaroTa simwiris gamo CvenTvis ucnobia ra pativs atarebda melqisedek sayvareliZe genaTlobidan nikorwmindelobamde. arsebobs mosazreba, rom melqisedeki, aRniSnul periodSi iSxneli episkoposi iyo.1

melqisedek sayvareliZis Semdeg nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze ambrosi baqraZe brundeba. CvenTvis agreTve ucnobia Tu riT iyo ganpirobebuli ambrosis nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedridan Camocileba giorgi II-is mefobis dasawyisSi.


233

ambrosi baqraZe rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT ixsenieba imereTis mefis levanis (1583-1590) Sewirulebis wignSi: `...Cven RTiv gvirguinosanma mefeT mefeman patronman leon ese wyalobis wigni da sigeli SegiwyaleT da giboZeT Tqven nikolwmindelsa baqraZesa ambroses, mas Jamsa odes Tqvenisa erTgulobisaTvis dagvijeniaT da vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqveni da SegiwyaleT da giboZeT xonWori srulobiT da WeliSi da namarnevs mWedliZeni, eseni xelSeualaT TqvenTvis gviboZebia...~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3323. kakabaZe 1921a: 35). sigelSi agreTve aRniSnulia, rom mefe levani nikorwmindel ambrosis uboZebs kisoreTs mcxovreb lomTaZeebs, CxetiZe lomins da estate gareyaniZis Svilebs TavianTi mamulebiT. am sigelSi mefe levani ambrosi baqrZis mimarT aRniSnavs: `rac sxva wigni da sigeli an batonis mamis Cuenisagan da an Cuengan gqondes, arc is mogiSaloT, arc dagamcroT da arc gagiceT~ (iqve). es sityvebi adasturebs, rom ambrosi baqraZe nikorwmndeli episkoposi yofila levanis mamis gorgi II-is mefobis drosac (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 52).

aRniSnuli sigeli 1591 wliT TariRdeba: `daiwera brZaneba da sigeli ese Cueni indiktionsa mefobisa Cuenisasa meoresa q~kns s: samocdacxrametsa - 279 (1591) Tvesa maissa i e (15)~ (s. c. s. a. fondi 1448, saqme - 3323. kakabaZe 1921a: 35). es TariRi swori ar unda iyos, radgan levani gamefda 1583 wels. Sesabamisad misi mefobis meore indiktioni ara 1591, aramed 1584 welia. garda amisa cnobilia, rom samegrelos mTavris mamia dadianis mier datyvevebuli mefe levani, 1590 wels Sxefis cixeSi gardaicvala (narkvevebi1973b: 141). aqidan gamomdinare is 1591 wels sigels veRar gascemda. ufro misaRebi iqneba vifiqroT, rom zemoT moyvanili sigeli, levanis mefobis meore `indiktions~ - 1584 wels daiwera.

ambrosi baqraZis nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moRvaweoba XVI s-is 90-iani wlebis dasawyisamde unda gagrZelebuliyo. mis Semdeg nikorwmindelis pativi nikolozma miiRo. igi moxseniebulia oTar iaSvilis sigelSi:

234

`q. ese wigni mogec me oTarman iaSvilman da meuRleman Cemman wereTlis qalman... Tqven nikolwmindelsa mRdelT moZRvarsa nikolozs... asreda ama pirsa zedan rome mogvixda codvisa saqmeda didad sakanono coli SevirTeT Cvenisa ganayofisa colyofili da didisa SexvewiTa batonisa mefisa giorgisaTa Sevexweni gaRaribebulni sxvas gareT SevswireT saoxad sulisa Cvenisa da saxsrad SevswireT samisdReoT sxvavas kvirikesSvili glexi 1 mis yovlisferiT... (mowame) kacTagan mefe mefeT xelmwife giorgi da Tanamecxedre maTi asuli dadianisa dedofalTa dedofali Tamar~ (kakabaZe 1912a: 11). sigelSi naxsenebi mefe giorgi gaxlavT imereTis mefe giorgi III (1604-1639), romlis meuRle dadianis asuli Tamari iyo. samwuxarod sxva cnobebi nikoloz nikorwmindelis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. mas nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze daaxloebiT XVI s-is bolodan XVII s-is 20-iani wlebis CaTvliT unda emoRvawa.

XVII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze Cans svimon CxetiZe. imereTis mefe giorgi III Tavis Sewirulebis wignSi nikorwmindel svimons uwyalobebs esfofoa mRrdelaZes. sigeli daTariRebulia 1637 wliT: `q. Cuen mefeman giorgi da Zeman Cemman pirmSoma aleqsandre da mamukama mogaxseneT ese Sesawiravi Tquen.... mxnesa mxedarsa (w~asa giorgis?) da mas Sina dadginebulsa nikolozwmidelsa CxetiZesa patronsa svimons, Semogviwiravs C~ni kerZi esfofoa mRrdelaZe... q~ks :t k e: - 325 (1637)~ (Jordania 1897: 452).

svimon CxetiZe imereTis mefis saxlTuxucesis sexnia CxeiZis Zma iyo. rogorc aRvniSneT, is nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrazeXVII s-is 30-ian wlebSi moRvaweobda. 1639 wlidan xoneli episkoposi gaxda,1 XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki quTaTelis pativi miiRo. mcdaria b. lominaZis, T. qoriZisa da g. mWedliZis varaudi, rom TiTqossvimon CxetiZe 1637 wels gaxda quTaTeli episkoposi (lominaZe 1954: 133, qoriZe 2000: 153, mWedliZe... 2008: 210). g. mWedliZis azriT 1637 wlis sabuTSi, sadac

1 ix. xoneli episkoposebi...

235

imereTis mefe giorgi III gelaTis monasters raWaSi WeliSis saydarsa da mis saxaso alagebs wiravs, ar aris moxseniebuli nikorwmindeli svimon CxetiZe, albaT imitom, rom igi sabuTis gacemis dros nikorwmindeli aRar iyo (mWedliZe... 2008: 210). es varaudi nakleb damajerebelia, radgan sxva sabuTSi, romelic agreTve 1637 wliT TariRdeba, mefe giorgi III nikorwmindel svimon CxetiZes swiravs esfofoa mRrdelaZes, (es sabuTi Cven zemoT davimowmeT).

imereTis mefe bagrat IV (1660 xangamoSvebiT 1682) 1660 wlis sabuTSi nikorwmindel gedeon lorTqifaniZes mimarTavs: `batons mamaCems bajas glexi Se(e)wira wmindis nikolozisaTvis da svimon nikorwmindels hqonda da axla Tquenc SemogvexveweT da giboZeT bajas isiv glexi daTua mgelaZe~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2143. kakabaZe 1921a: 64). am cnobaze dayrdnobiT m. murusiZem miiCnia, rom svimon CxetiZes bagrat IV-is mamis aleqsandre III-is (1637-1660) mefobis periodSic, anu 1637 wlis Semdegac ekava nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra (aleqsandre III 1637 wels gamefda) (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 54). Tumca ismis kiTxva, am SemTxvevaSi romel nikorwmindel svimonzea saubari, svimon CxetiZeze Tu svimon jafariZeze? svimon jafariZes nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra savaraudod XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis garkveul periodSi ekava, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

mecnierTa nawili svimon CxetiZis quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze gadasvlas daaxloebiT 1651 wlidan varaudobs (gabisonia 2006: 15), rac damajereblad migvaCnia. manamde ki rogorc aRvniSneT, XVII s-is 40-iani wlebi svimon CxetiZem xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze gaatara.

XVII s-is 40-70-ian wlebSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze episkoposebi xSirad enacvlebian erTmaneTs. am periodSi mcire xniT nikorwmindelis pativi ioseb saakaZes uWiravs. pl. ioselianis TqmiT iosebi iyo: `Zisa Zei didisa mouravisa (giorgi saakaZis b. g.). siyrmidgan aRizarda igi quaTaxevis monastersa da mun aRukuecili monazonad warvida imereTad da aqa aRhyuanil iqmna mRudelmTavrad

236

nikorwmindisa eparxiisa raWas. aqa dahyo mciredisa Jamsa da gardmovida qarTlsa TxoviTa mefis rostomisa da dedoflisa mariamisa...~ (didi mouraviani 1851: 1). ioseb saakaZis imereTis mxaris erT-erTi eparqiis mRvdelmTavrobas adasturebs al. xaxanaSvilic, Tumca is ar akonkretebs romeli eparqia uWiravs iosebs (Хаханов 1901: 199). qarTlis mefe rostomi 1632-1658 wlebSi mefobda, amitom ioseb saakaZis nikorwmindeloba am wlebSia saZiebeli. Cveni varaudiT iosebs nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra XVII s-is 40-ian wlebSi unda sWeroda.

rogorc aRiniSna, mefe rostomisa da dedofali mariamis TxovniT iosebi raWidan qarTlSi dabrunda: `romelTaca wargzavnes saaTabagos ganzraxviTa miT, raTa hsdges mRudelmTavrad awyurisa TurqTagan gauqmebulisa eparxiisa. misruli axalcixes, keTilad iqmna Sewynarebuli mis Jamis rustom faSisagan, naTesavisave Tvisisa. hgonebden TviTca da mefeca, romel esreTisa naTesaobiTisa damokidebisa ZaliTa ganamtkicebda qristianebisa neStTa samesxosa queyanasa, garna hazri ese daSTa unayofod; faSaman, Serisxulman mahmedianTagan daiTxova igi... da ukumoiqca Tfilissa. maSin mefeman rostom uboZa mas samitropolito kaTedra Tfilisisa~ (didi mouraviani 1851: 1). iosebi Tbilel mitropolitad Cans 1662 wlis sabuTSi (didi mouraviani 1851: 1). mis kalams ekuTvnis poema `didmouraviani,~ sadac asaxulia cnobili qarTveli mxedarTmTavris - giorgi saakaZis moRvaweoba.

ioseb saakaZis Semdeg nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra daviT mitropolits unda daekavebina. mas, rogorc nikorwmindis saydris mflobels, ixsenieben rusi elCebi aleqsi ievlevi da nikifore toloCanovi, romlebmac nikorwmindis taZari 1651 wlis 16 ivniss moinaxules (ievlevi 1969: 109). mefe aleqsandre III-sTan Sesaxvedrad mimavali rusi elCebi, daviT mitropolits quTaisamde gaucilebia (iqve). daviT nikorwmindeli mefe aleqsandresa da rusi elCebis Sexvedrebsac daswrebia. ievlevis cnobiT aleqsandre III-sTan Sexvedris dros mefesTan myof sasuliero pirTa Soris mitropoliti daviTic iyo,

237

romelic mitropolit zaqarias (genaTeli) gverdiT ijda (ievlevi 1969: 113). toloCanovs nikorwmindeli daviTi, arqiepiskoposad hyavs moxseniebuli. igi mefe aleqsandresa da rusi elCebis ereT-erTi Sexvedris dros, mefis gverdiT msxdom zaqaria mitropolitsa (genaTeli) da simon arqiepiskoposs (xoneli) Soris mjdara (toloCanovi 1970: 98). daviT arqiepiskoposi mefe aleqsandresTan erTad imyofeboda 1651 wlis 5 ivliss zaqaria genaTelis saxlSi gamarTul sadilzec (iqve, 107), agreTve igi daswrebia 22 ivliss skandis cixeSi mefe aleqsandresa da rusi elCebis Sexvedras. am Sexvedraze mefe Teimuraz I-c imyofeboda SviliSvilebTan erTad (iqve, 119).

daviT nikorwmindelma xeli moawera 1651 wlis 9 oqtombers mefe aleqsandre III-is mier ruseTis xelmwifisadmi dadebul ficis wigns. am dokumentSi daviTi moxseniebulia rogorc `arqiepiskoposi daviT nikorwmindeli~ (iqve, 175).

T. beraZe miiCnevs, rom ievlevisa da tolCanovis imereTis samefoSi elCobis dros (1650 - 1652 ww.), nikorwmindeli episkoposi imereTis mefis molareTuxucesis lomkac jafariZis Zma arqiepiskoposi svimon jafariZe iyo (beraZe 2004: 93), rac sizustes moklebulia da amas Cvens mier zemoT moyvanili cnobebi cxadyofs.

svimon jafariZes, rogorc arqiepiskoposs ixseniebs aleqsi ievlevi, magram ar akonkretebs Tu romeli eparqiis mmarTvelia igi. faqtia, rom svimons rusi elCebis imereTis samefoSi yofnis periodSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra ar ekava. ievlevis TqmiT arqiepiskopos simon jafariZis sacxovrisi md. krixulas iqeT, mTebSi, md. rionis napiras yofila, sadac miqael mTavarangelozis saxelobis xis eklesia mdgara. rusi elCebi am eklesiaSi wirvas daswrebian da Semdeg arqiepiskopos simon jafariZesTan usadiliaT (ievlevi 1969: 107).

aleqsi ievlevi da nikifore toloCanovi simon jafariZes isev Sexvdnen rodesac imereTidan ruseTSi raWis gavliT brundebodnen. maT Tan axldaT mefe aleqsandres mier ruseTis xelmwifesTan mivlinebuli elCi lomkac

238

jafariZe. ievlevi da toloCanovi 1651 wlis 17 oqtombers lomkac jafariZis sofelSi mividnen. maT lomkacis Zma arqiepiskoposi simoni SemoegebaT mravali aznauris TanxlebiT. stumrebma lomkacTan isadiles. rus elCebs Tan mihqondaT mefe aleqsandres mier dadebuli ficis wigni, romelzedac xeli arqiepiskoposma simon jafariZemac moawera (ievlevi 1969: 171).

svimon jafariZe moxseniebulia ambrolauris eklesiis xatis warweraSic. q. w ~o RmerTo da wmidao ambrolaurisa RvTismSobelo daicev orTave Sina cxovrebaTa mamkobi da Semomwirveli Tqveni mTavarepiskopozi jafariZe svimon~ (boWoriZe 1994: 139-140). savaraudod svimonma nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze daviT mitropoliti XVII s-is 50-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi Secvala. CvenTvis ucnobia riT iyo ganpirobebuli es Canacvleba, Tumca msgavsi SemTxvevebi im xanis dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebSi xSiri iyo. 1669 wels nikorwmindel episkoposad kvlav daviTia moxseniebuli, (am sakiTxze qvemoT SevCerdebiT).

svimon jafariZes nikorwmindelad didi xani ar umoRvawia. 1660 wels gacemul mefe bagrat IV-is sigelSi, nikorwmindel episkoposad gedeon lorTqifaniZe Cans: `ese wigni mogarTvi Tqven nikorwmindels lorTqifaniZes gadevans asre da ama pirsa zeda, rome kurTxeuls batons mamaCems bajas glexi Se(e)wira wmindis nikolozisaTvis da svimon nikorwmindels (unda igulisxmebodes svimon jafariZe - b. g.) hqonda da axla Tquenc SemogvexveweT da giboZeT bajas isiv glexi daTua mRdelaZe, rac maSin mamuli hqonoda, imianad is glexi gviboZebia misis erTsaxlis ZmiTa, maTis colSviliTa, saxlkariTa, WurmarniTa, alagiTa, veliTa, venaxiTa.... daiwera wigni ese... qoronikonsa samas ormocda rvasa (1660)~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2143. kakabaZe 1921a: 64). mogvianebiT gedeon lorTqifaniZem nikorwmindelobasTan erTad genaTlobac SeiTavsa. 1664 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi is genaTel-nikorwmindelad ixsenieba (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 5134. kakabaZe 1921a: 69), 1668 wlis dokumentSi igi mxolod genaTelad aris dafiqsirebuli (Jordania 1897: 485). Cans 1668 wlisaTvis

239

gedeon lorTqifaniZes nikorwmindelis pativi aRar hqonda da is mxolod gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedras ganagebda.1

daaxloebiT 1666-67 wlebSi gedeon lorTqifaniZis Semdeg, nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra kvlav daviTma daikava. igi rogorc `nikolooz wmindeli daviTi,~ moxseniebulia mefe bagrat IV-is mier ruseTis xelmwifisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelic 1669 wliT TariRdeba (Бросее 1861: 82). wyroTa simwiris gamo ver dgindeba Tu ramden xans gastana daviTis nikorwmindelobam 1669 wlis Semdeg.

daviTis momdevno nikorwmindel episkoposad Cans arseni. platon ioselianis cnobiT arsens nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra 1682 wels eWira. arsen nikorwmindeli Rrmad ganswavluli pirovneba yofila: ̀Арсений Никорцминдский, Богословъ и философъ, толкователь Св. Писания. Чистота помысловъ, простота въ обращении и святость снискали жизнн его название Ангельской~(Иоселиани 1843: 130).sxva cnobebi arsen nikorwmindelis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. mas nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze XVII s-is 70-80-ian wlebSi unda emoRvawa.

arsenis Semdeg nikorwmindelad Cans cnobili feodalis merab wulukiZis Zma svimon wulukiZe. merab wulukiZe samegrelos mTavris levan II dadianis gazrdili yofila (TayaiSvili 1963: 41). igi XVII s-is II naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavlenian feodalad iqca. mas auSenebia nikorwmindis maxloblad sofel agaraSi patara eklesia da misTvis mravali nivTi Seuwiravs. Sewirul nivTebs Soris aris vercxlis feSxumi mxedruli warweriT: `q: wmidao giorgi mxneo da mxedaro agarisao.... me damiWiravs wulukiZes merabs jinWrolsa da iwroTas Sua gaRma Wrebalo da zogiSi maTs gardaRma okriba da tyilburi da Zma nikorwmindelad damisvams da meore Zma kide xofs soflaT damisvams nasaunjevs xorgas sasaxle misi Semavlis kacianaTa da xoni kide sulaTa~ (iqve, 42). merab wulukiZis mier Tavisi Zmis nikorwmindelad dasma XVII s-is 80-iani wlebis bolos unda momxdariyo.

1 gedeon lorTqifaniZis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. genaTeli episkoposebi...

240

SemorCenilia am periodis sabuTi, romelic nikorwmindeli svimon wulukiZis mier aris gacemuli. es ukanaskneli, merab wulukiZis Zma unda iyos: `...mTis mTavarmowameo wmindao g~i, ....Cven wulukiZeman nikolaozwmindelman svimon... SemogwireT knini da mcire ese Sesawiravi Savras glexi dvali nasxida misis yovlisferiT, asre da ama pirsa zeda rome laSxiSvilis yofiliyo, laSxiSvils lomin erisTavisagan gamorTmeoda da erisTavisagan Cven gviyidia da Cven TqvenTvis Semogviwiravs...~ (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 1533. kakabaZe 1921a: 81). sabuTs TariRi ar gaaCnia. s. kakabaZem is daaxloebiT 1680-1685 wlebiT daaTariRa. es sabuTi 1682 wlis Semdeg aris dawerili, radgan rogorc aRvniSneT, 1682 wels nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra arsens uWiravs.

svimon wulukiZis nikorwmindelobis periodSi mis samwysoSi, ise rogorc im xanis dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva saepiskoposo kaTedrebze, adgili hqonda saeklesio wes-wyobilebis darRvevebs. merab wulukiZis erT-erT Sewirulebis wignSiafxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosisgrigol lorTqifaniZis (1696-1742) nikorwmindaSi stumrobisa da mis mier iq arsebuli uwesobis aRkveTis Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili: `...mas Jamsa odes didi da yovlad qebuli Crdilosa da afxazeTisa patriaqi kaTalikozi patroni grigoli raWas mobrZanda da sasaflaos Cuensa nikorwmindas aRvida da raodenni uwesobani ixilna, keTilad da wesierebad Sescvalna, uadresisagan uaRresad srul hyo, viTarca Svenoda patiosnobasa missa~ (kakabaZe 1921a: 85). im xanad dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ersa Tu eklesiaSi gabatonebul uwesobas, Seupovrad ebrZoda kaTalikosi grigol lorTqifaniZe. amis Sesaxeb Cven wina TavSic gvqonda saubari.1

svimon wulukiZes, rogorc irkveva, nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze sakmao xans umoRvawia. igi nikorwmindelad Cans XVIII s-is 20-ian wlebSic. svimon nikorwmindeligenaTel gedeon CxetiZesTan erTad amowmebs


241

imereTis mefis aleqsandre V-s mier papuna wereTlisaTvis boZebul wyalobis sigels: `ars amisi gamrige da mowame genaTeli gedevan, livkorwmindeli (nikorwmindeli b. g.) svimon, saxliTuxucesi jafariZe lomkaci....mdivans levans damiweria da mowameca var...~ (x.e.c. HD - 2171. burjanaZe 1959: 67). sabuTi uTariRoa. genaTeli gedeon CxetiZe gelaTis saepiskoposo taxtze 1723-24 wlebidan Cans. zemoT moyvanili sabuTic am periodSi unda daweriliyo. nikorwmindeli svimon wulukiZe am droisaTvis sakmaod xanSi Sesuli iqneboda.

sxva cnobebi svimon wulukiZis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. igi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze daaxloebiT XVII s-is 80-ian wlebidan XVIII s-is 20-ianiwlebis CaTvliT moRvaweobda.

svimon wulukiZis Semdeg XVIII s-is pirveli naxevris arsebul dokumentebSi, nikorwmindeli episkoposebi ar Canan. savaraudoa, rom am periodSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposom, msgavsad quTaisis da xonis saepiskoposoebisa, JamTa siavis gamo moqmedeba Sewyvita. misi aRdgena imereTis mefis solomon I-is (1752-1784) iniciativiT unda momxdariyo, daaxloebiT XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi. am periodSi nikorwmindel episkoposad Cans germane wulukiZe.

germane wulukiZe, raWa-leCxumis sardlis merab II wulukiZisa da darejan abaSiZis vaJi iyo (soselia 1981: 68). irkveva, rom germanes nikorwmindelobamde afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso taxti ekava, magram wyaroTa simciris gamo rTulia gansazRvra misi am Tanamdebobaze moRvaweobis wlebisa. vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT: qoronikonsa u l - 430 (1742) mokuda k~ozi (kaTalikozi) afxazTa grigol (lorTqifaniZe b. g.), dajda germane (batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: 913). b. lominaZe vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobas saeWvod miiCnevs, radgan afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosis besarion CxeiZis beWedze 1742 welia amotvifruli, rac Cveulebrivad kaTalikosobis dasawyiss uCvenebs, misi mtkicebiT 1742 wlidan afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)

242

kaTalikosi ara germane wulukiZe, aramed besarion CxeiZe gaxda (lominaZe 1954: 134). b. lominaZe germane wulukiZis kaTalikosobis periods zogadad XVIII s-is Sua wlebiT sazRvravs. r. metrevelis avtorobiT gamocemul naSromSi `saqarTvelos mefeebi da patriarqebi,~ 1742-1769 wlebSi afxazeTis(dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosad besarion CxeiZea dafiqsirebuli, xolo germane wulukiZis afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosad moRvaweoba, agreTve XVIII s- is Sua xanebiT aris ganszRvruli (metreveli 2010: 143-144). g. guguSvili wyaroebis miuTiTeblad amtkicebs, rom germane wulukiZe afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi 1742-1751 wlebs Soris iyo (guguSvili 2003: 63).

germane wulukiZe nikorwmindelobamde rom afxazeTis kaTalikosi iyo, es im xanis sigelebiT dasturdeba. svimon nuqifiSvilis Sewirulebis wignSi germane wulukiZe moxseniebuliarogorc`pirvel kaTalikosi german nikolaozwmideli.~ aRniSnuli sigeli 1769 wliT TariRdeba (kakabaZe 1921b: 39-40). `pirvel kaTalikozi arqieri germane,~ moxseniebulia beri da giorgi wulukiZeebis Sewirulebis wignSic (kakabaZe 1914b: 25). nikorwmindis saydris samxreTis kedelze miSenebul ekvderSi aris warwera: `gerasime kaTalikosi Seiwyale...~ s. kakabaZis azriT gerasime igive germane unda iyos (iqve, 25).

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, germanem mefe solomon I-is TxovniT, afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTolikosoba raWis erisTavis Zes besarions dauTmo, romlis Rrma ganaTleba maSindel saqarTveloSi cnobili iyo (guguSvili 2003: 63), TviTon ki nikorwmindelis kaTedra daikava. Zneli saTqmelia ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles es cnoba.

germane wulukiZe kaTalikosad aris moxseniebuli Tavisi dedis darejan abaSiZis 1756 wlis Sewirulobis wignSic, magram arsebobs varaudi, rom 1756 wels germane wulukiZe ara afxazeTis (dasavelT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi, aramed ukve nikorwmindeli episkoposi iyo (lominaZe 1954: 136).

rogorc aRvniSneT XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi imereTis

243

mefis solomon I-is TaosnobiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi gauqmebuli saepiskoposoebis aRdgenis procesi daiwyo. aRdgenil iqna quTaisisa da xonis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. XVIII s-is 50-iani wlebSi unda aRmdgariyo nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrac, romelsac germane wulukiZe Caudga saTaveSi.

nikorwmindeli germane aqtiurad iyo CarTuli JamTa siavis gamo gauqmebuli saepiskoposoebis aRdgenis procesSi. 1759 wlis solomon I-is sigelSi, romelic quTaisis saepiskoposos aRdgenis sakiTxs exeba, sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad moxseniebulia `nikoloz wmindeli mitropoliti germane,~ (kakabaZe 1913g: 4).

1881 wels aRniSnul sigelSi d. furcelaZem `nikoloz wmindeli mitropoliti germane~-s nacvlad SecdomiT `nikoloz nikorwmindeli mitropoliti~ waikiTxa (Пурцеладзе 1881: 138). am cnobaze dayrdnobiT ambrosi xelaiam miiCnia, rom 1759 wels nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra nikolozs eWira (xelaia 2011: 202). es varaudi sizustes moklebulia. 1759 wels nikorwmindelis pativi germane wulukiZes rom uWiravs sxva sabuTiTac dasturdeba. es gaxlavT gujari tyveTa gausyidvelobis Sesaxeb, sadac dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi da gavleniani feodalebi, pirobas deben afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosisa da mRvdelmTavrebis, maT Soris germane nikorwmindelis winaSe, rom arasdros gayidian tyveebs da arc sxvas miscemen am umsgavso saqcielis Cadenis nebas. aRniSnuli gujari 1759 wliT TariRdeba (x.e.c.fondi SD - 2976. Jordania 1967: 262).

germane wulukiZes axlo urTierToba hqonda raWis erisTav rostom CxeiZesTan, romelic mefe solomon I-is mowinaaRmdege iyo. 1769 wels mefe solomon I-ma rostom CxeiZe da misi ojaxis wevrebi daatyveva da raWis saerisTavo gaauqma.1 cota xnis Semdeg man nikorwmindis episkoposoba CamoarTva germane wulukiZes da mis nacvlad nikorwmindelad silibistro RoRoberiZe dasva: `aman


244

mefeman soloman gardaayena nikoloz wmindeli episkoposi raWisa germane wulukiZe, vinaiTgan iyo moyvasi rostom erisTavisa da moadgiled missa daso silibistro RoRoberiZe (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 19).

silibistro RoRoberiZe XVIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi imereTis samefo karis winamZRvari yofila, mas arqimandritis xarisxi hqonda. amave dros silibistro iyo mwerali da dammowmebeli im maravali dokumentisa, romelic imereTis samefo karze dgeboda. maT Soris aris quTaisis saepiskoposos aRdgenis sabuTi da ganCineba xonis saepiskopososaTvis saxuco da samrevlo gamosaRebis Sesaxeb. am dokumentebs axlavs silibistros xelmowerebi: `me arqimandrits, Cemi xelmwifis karis winamZRvars mRdel monazons RoRaberiZes silibistros damiweria da mowamec var amisi...~ (kakabaZe 1913g: 5).

silibistro RoRoberiZe 1766 wels samegrelos mTavars kacia dadians `leCxumis sairmed saxeldebulis~ udabnos mamad daudgenia: `veZiebdi mamasa udabnosasa da vpove sanaxebisa Cvenisa mxrisa adgilebiT imereli RoRaberiZe arximandriti silivistro da vawvie rai manca jer iCina mamoba udabnosa amis adgilobiT leCxumis sairmed saxeldebulisa da Cvenca keTilad aRgviCnda mamad dadgineba amisi da sigeli ese davsdeviT da ganvaweseT Sesawiravi udabnosa amis~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 31). sigeli TariRdeba qoronikoniT :C R a: rac 1701 wels aRniSnavs. es daTariReba sizustes moklebulia, radgan sigelSi moxseniebuli pirebi XVIII s-is II naxevris moRvaweni arian.1 am periodis moRvawea silibistro RoRoberiZec. igi sairmis udabnos mamad Cans 1771 welsac (kakabaZe 1921b: 44). aqedan gamomdinare, mefe solomon I-is mier germane wulukiZis nikorwmindelobidan gadayeneba da mis nacvlad nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedraze silibistro RoRoberiZis dadgena, 1771-73 wlebs Soris unda momxdariyo, radgan 1773 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi silibistro ukve ixsenieba rogorc nikorwmindeli episkoposi. es sabuTi gaxlavT mefe 1 s. kakabaZem aRniSnuli sigeli 1766 wliT daaTariRa (ix. s. kakabaZe `dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi~ w. 2, tf. 1921 gv. 32

245

solomon I-is Sewirulobis sigeli, romelsac quTaTel maqsimesTan erTad amowmebs nikorwmindeli silibistro: `vemowmebi y~d samRvdelo nikolozwmideli silivistro... aRiwera welTa uflisaTa :C R o g: (1773) Tvesa okdonbersa a (1)~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 47). nikorwmindeli silibistro RoRoberiZe kidev erT sabuTSia moxseniebuli, romelsac TariRi ar gaaCnia. es gaxlavT ganCineba solomon I-isa, qaixosro agiaSvilisa da niJaraZeTa mamulis saqmeze. agiaSvilisa da niJaraZeebis sasamarTlo davis procesSi, nikorwmindeli mTavarepiskoposi silibistro RoRoberiZec iyo CarTuli (q. s. Z. 1974: 274).

silibistro RoRoberiZes aRudgenia nikorwmindaSi daculi uZvelesi xelnaweri `cxovreba da moqalaqeoba wmindisa da sakvirvelmoqmedisa mamisa Cvenisa nikoloz ebiskopozisa miron qalaqisa, romel ars qveyana lukviisa.~ xelnawers axlavs minaweri: `RmerTo da wmidao mRvdelT mTavaro nikolaoz, daicev orTave Sina cxovrebaTa nikoloz wmideli ebiskoposi silibistro, romelman ineba ganaxleba wignisa amis~ (xelaia 2011: 193).

silibistro RoRoberiZis nikorwmindelobis periodSi, nikorwmindis taZari germanelma mogzaurma giuldenStedtma moinaxula, romelic saqarTveloSi 1771-1772 wlebSi imyofeboda. giuldenStedti nikorwmindel episkoposs ar axsenebs, is mxolod nikorwmindis eklesias da nikorwmindelis rezidencias aRwers: `agaridan kidev ¾ saaTis savalze iyo sofeli da monasteri nikorwminda, nikorwmindeli episkoposis sajdomi. is mdebareobs kirqviani mTis mwvervalze, sxartalidan pirdapiri xaziT dasavleTisaken mxolod 5 versze. mas aqvs Tlili qvisgan naSeni jvaris tipis eklesia, 20 nabiji sigrZisa da 15 siganisa. episkoposis sacxovrebeli xisganaa aSenebuli, magram is, albaT, udidesi da yvelaze wesierad agebuli Senobaa imereTSi. misi sigrZe 35 nabijia da sigane 25 nabiji~ (giuldenStedti 1962: 131). am cnobidan Cans, rom nikorwmindelebi im xanis Sesabamisad SeZlebulad cxovrobdnen.

silibistro RoRoberiZem nikorwmindis saepiskoposo

246

kaTedraze moRvaweoba tragikulad daasrula. is glexi nadiraZis msxverpli gaxda: `ese silibistro mokla muneburman glexman nadiraZem mizezisa amisTvis: vinaTgan Jamsa aRreulebasa raWisasa erTi glexis coli STavardnil iyo tyved da lekTagan daexsna ama nadiraZes da SeerTo TviT colad. ese miuRo (silibistro nikorwmindelma - b. g.) da misca (nadiraZis coli - b. g.) Zvelsave qmarsa missa, da amisa gamo hkra Tofi (nadiraZem - b. g.) axals nawiravs (silibistros - b. g.) eklesiis karzed da mokla igi. da kvalad dasves germane~ (batoniSvili daviTi 1905: 19). samwuxarod daviT batoniSvili ar afiqsirebs Tu romel wels moxda aRniSnuli faqti.

silibistro RoRoberiZis mkvlelobis Semdeg, nikorwmindis sepiskoposo kaTedraze germane wulukiZe dabrunda. is nikorwmindel episkoposad Cans 1784 wlis beri da giorgi wulukiZeebis Sewirulobis sigelSi. es ukanasknelni, germane wulukiZis Zmebi iyvnen, (es sigeli Cven zemoTac davimowmeT). beri da giorgi wulukiZeebi nikorwmindis saydars swiraven Savras mcxovreb gvencaZeebs,

sofeli nikorwminda

247

romlebic imTaviTve nikorwmindisaTvis Sewirulni iyvnen. sigelis bolos aRniSnulia: `odes Sinasa eklesiasa z~a (zeda) iyofeboda Zma Cveni p l (pirvel) kaTalikozi arqieri germane qoronikons q s (qristes) aqeT C R oTxmoc d (oTxmocdaoTxsa - 1784 b. g.) daiwera gujari ese~ (kakabaZe 1914b: 25). erT-erTi wyaros cnobiT, germane wulukiZes nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra 1792 welsac eWira. WeliSis monastris ZmaTa 1842 wlis namsaxureobis siaSi mRvdelmonazon svimonis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom igi ukurTxebia yovlad samRvdelo nikorwmindel germane arxiepiskoposs qoronikons: `C R J b~ - (1792) (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 55).

1793 wlidan nikorwmindel episkoposad Cans sofronios wulukiZe. wulukiZeTa feodaluri saxlis warmomadgeneli sofroniosi, axlo naTesavi iyo germane wulukiZisa, romlisganac sasuliero ganaTleba miiRo nikorwmindis taZarSi. 1778 wels efTvime genaTelma sofroniosi gelaTSi berad aRkveca (kezevaZe 2000: 2). mecnierTa nawili varaudobs, rom sofronioss nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra ukve 1775 wels ekava (guguSvili 2003: 63).1 meore nawili ki Tvlis, rom sofroniosis nikorwmindelad aRsaydreba 1785 wels moxda (kezevaZe 2000: 2). es varaudebi sizustes moklebulia, radgan 1787 da 1792 wlebSi nikorwmindel episkoposad kvlav germane wulukiZe Cans (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 56).

sofronios nikorwmindeli 1793 wlis dokumentSi amtkicebs manuCar yifianis Sewirulobis wigns: `Cven y~d usamRvdeloesi nikolaoswmidel arxieri sofron vamtkiceb wignsa amas da damarRvevelsa amissa vswyev da SevaCveneb... aRiwera wigni ese... qristes aqeT aTas Svidas oTxmocdacamets... Tvesa ianvarsa ocdaxuTsa...~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 102).

1 1775 wliT daTariRebul solomon I - is Sewirulebis wigns `niko-laoswmindeli arxiepiskoposi sofroniosis~ beWedi azis, Tumca es damowmeba gviani xanis unda iyos, radgan amave dokuments amowmebs efT-vime genaTelic, romelmac genaTlobis pativi 1776 wlidan miiRo - (s.c.s.a. fondi 1448, saqme - 2164. s. kakabaZe: 1921 w. 2, 50)

248

sofroniosi, nikorwmindel episkoposad moRvaweobis pirvelive wlebidan Seudga nikorwmindis saydrisaTvis kuTvnili mamulebis dabrunebas, romelnic JamTa viTarebis gamo dakarguli iyo. am saqmeSi mas daxmarebas uwevda imereTis mefe solomon II (1790-1810). 1794 wels mefe solomon II-m, sofronios nikorwmindelis TxovniT, nikorwmindis saydars Seswira sofeli bugouli Tavisi mosaxleebiT: `...bugouls adgili, mamuli da mosaxleni kacni pirvelaTac wmindis nikolaozis Sewiruli yofiliyo da axla yovlad samRvdelo nikolaoz wmindeli wulukiZe sofrom gvevedra Sewirulobis ganaxlebas, ganvaaxleT da SamogwireT bugouls mamuli da adgili.... aRiwera...qoronikonsa qristes aqeT :C R J d: (1794)~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 104).

sofronios nikorwmindels dava hqonda solomon II-s meuRlesTandedofal mariamTan `mTis wminda giorgis salocavisa da kacieTis adgilebis gamo, romlebic winaT nikorwmindis saydris sakuTreba iyo: `...umaRlesis mefis meoris solomonis Tanamecxedreman dedufalT dedufalman dadianis asulman meoreman mariam dagimtkiceT da gangiaxleT davTari da gujari mTis w~is giorgis, ase da ama pirsa zeda rome romelsame Sewiruls adgilebzed Cven da y~d saRvdelos nikolaoszwmindels laparaki mogvixda umecris da pirmoTnis kacis SesmeniT, magram rodesac y~d samRvdelo nikolaoswmindeli sofrom umaRlesobis taxtis winare samarTals moqenebda (?) (moaxsenebda - b g.), vismineT Cvenc aja da moxseneba da mTis wmindis giorgis davTaric mogvitana da ganvixileT ra, WeSmariti swama im kacieTis adgilis Sewiruloba da sarwmunoTac ewera... da davTari viT acxadebda, Cvenc ise dagvimtkicebia da Semogviwiravs mTas wmindis giorgisaTvis da wmindis nikolaosis moadgilis da mouravis y~d samRvdelos nikolaoswmindelis sofromisaTvis dagvimtkicebia... aRiwera qristes aqeT :C R J e:~ - 1795 w. (iqve, 108).

1805 wels raWaSi Jami gaCnda da uamravi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. gapartaxda soflebi, ramac nikorwmindis saepiskoposos ekonomikur mdgomareobas mZime daRi daasva.

249

mosaxleobis Semcirebis gamo sofroniosi raWis gareT mcxovrebi glexebis mozidvas da soflis meurneobis aRorZinebas cdilobda. misi TxovniT 1805 wels mefe solomon II-m nikorwmindis saydars Seswira quTaisis mkvidri samefo yma qorqaSvili-zurabasSvili daTila, agreTve zinzela Tavisi colSviliT da yvelafriT `risica mqonebeli iyo~ (kakabaZe 1921b: 151). 1816 wels sofroniosma sofel rcxilaTSi, gardaSenebuli daviTela mWedliSvilis adgili da qoneba saZebr uZebriT da yovelis misis samarTlianis samZRvriT,~ xelosan nikoloz xarebaSvilsa da mis Zmebs uboZa (x.e.c. fondi HD - 11468, 11469). sofroniosi exmareboda nikorwmindis samwysos wevrebs fuliT, mamuliT an sxva raime saWiroebiT. erT-erT sigelSi sofroniosi aRniSnavs: `...raoden SesaZlo iyo viRvawe... uwyis ufalman wyalobisaman R~Tn mamuliT Tu glexis SovniTa Tu adgilis SematebiTa da sxviTa saeklesio saxmarebiTa~ (q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: 56).

nikorwmindeli sofronios wulukiZe aqtiurad iyo CarTuli politikur procesebSic. 1801 wels ruseTis imperiam qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsiis Semdeg, Tavisi agresia dasavleT saqarTveloze da kerZod imereTis samefoze gadaitana. ruseTis xelisuflebas imereTis samefos gauqmeba hqonda ganzraxuli. imereTis mefe solomon II samefos gadarCenas cdilobda. 1809 wels imereTSi politikurma daZabulobam kuliminacias miaRwia. quTaisSi ruseTis sajariso nawilebi idgnen. mefe Tavisi amaliT varcixeSi gadavida. mdgomareobis ganmuxtva imereTis samRvdeloebam da Tavad-aznaurobam scada. maT rCeviT mimarTes saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebels aleqsandre tormasovs, raTa imereTsa da ruseTis imperias Soris axali xelSekruleba dadebuliyo. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo rom imereTis sazogadoebas surda SenarCunebuliyo imereTis samefo xelisufleba ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobis qveS. mimarTvas sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan da saero feodalebTan erTad, xels awerda nikorwmindeli sofronios wulukiZec (kakabaZe 1956: 416).

mefe solomon II-sa da ruseTis xelisuflebas Soris

250

warmoebulma molaparakebebma uSedegod Caiara. generali tormasovis brZanebiT, 1810 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi, ruseTis Zalebma mefis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba daiwyes. 21 Tebervals polkovnikma Tevdore simionoviCma general tormasovs pataki gaugzavna mefe solomon II-is gadayenebis Sesaxeb (kakabaZe 1921b: 446). tormasovma, polkovnik Tevdore simionoviCs solomon II-s dapatimreba daavala. rusuli jariT alyaSemortymuli mefe solomon II iZulebuli gaxda mters damorCileboda. erT-erTi qronikis cnobiT mefe, genaTeli efTvimes rCeviT Camovida mTidan da polkovnik simionoviCs `fersaTs slxinos saydarzed~ Sexvda. simionoviCma fici dado mefis winaSe, rom Tuki mefe mas TbilisSi gahyveboda, mis mefur Rirsebas ar Selaxavdnen da general tormasovTan Sexvedris Semdeg, mas Tavis samefoSi dabrunebis nebas miscemdnen. mefe daTanxmda da general tormasovTan Sesaxvedrad efTvime genaTelTan da sofronios nikorwmindelTan erTad gaemgzavra. Tumca solomon II-s danapirebi ar Seusrules, igi daapatimres da TbilisSi gadaiyvanes. imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba simionoviCs daevala (Jordania 1967: 473). Zneli saTqmelia icodnen Tu ara genaTelma efTvimem da nikorwmindelma sofroniosma ruseTis xelisuflebis faruli zraxvebis Sesaxeb, magram faqti erTia, mefe solomon II motyuebuli darCa, misi amalis wevrebi ki iZulebiT daafices ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze. erTgulebis fics, romelic 1810 wlis aprilis TveSi daido, xeli moaweres efTvime genaTelma da sofronios nikorwmindelmac (kakabaZe 1956: 486).

solomon II-m patimrobidan Tavis daRweva SesZlo, is imereTSi Cavida da samefo taxtis dabrunebas Seecada, magram ruseTis jarebTan uTanasworo brZolaSi damarcxda da imereTs gaecala. 1815 wels imereTis ukanaskneli mefe solomon II 42 wlis asakSi trapizonSi gardaicvala.

1810 wlidan mefe solomon II-s gandevnis Semdeg, imereTis samefoSi rusuli mmrTveloba damyarda. imereTis Tvad-aznaurobisa da samRvdeloebis erTi nawili am

251

faqts dadebiTad Sexvda, maT Soris iyo sofronios nikorwmindelic. mas ruseTis erTgulebisaTvis 1811 wels jildoc gadaeca, Tumca mogvianebiT gairkva, rom aRniSnuli jildo ara nikorwmindeli sofroniosis, aramed xinowmindeli episkoposis daviT wereTlisaTvis yofila gankuTvnili, magram sofronioss, gadacemuli jildo aRar CamoarTves (kakabaZe 1956: 494).

ruseTis mmarTvelobis damyarebis meore wels (1811), imereTSi Jami gaCnda da uamravi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. Jami 1812 welsac mZvinvarebda, is odiSsa da guriasac moedo (kakabaZe 1922: 269). Jamianobas amjerad raWa gadaurCa. visac SeeZlo imereTidan ixzneboda da raWas afarebda Tavs. Jamianobis gamo imereTi datova xonelma mTavarepiskoposma anton CijavaZem da Tavisi krebuliT raWaSi, sofel naagarevSi gadavida. 1812 wlis 15 agvistos anton xonels konfliqti mouxda iRumen vasil quTaTelaZesTan. isini ramdenime dRis Semdeg sofronios wulukiZem Seariga (x.e.c. fondi H - 2784).

sofroniosi did yuradRebas aqcevda sasuliero ganaTlebis saqmes. misi TaosnobiT mravali xelnaweri gadaiwera. 1808 wels vinme oses mier daweril metafrass axlavs bolosityvaoba, sadac naTqvamia: `yovliTa saTnoebiTa ganmSvenebulman da aRmkobilman kacman zecisa (?) nawilisaman yovlad samRudeloman nikolaos w~isa didman arxiepiskoposman sofronios mibrZana aRwera ama metafrasisa romeli ese aRvwere.... saxelsa zeda friadiTa SromiTa~ (TayaiSvili 1963: 103). 1809 wels sofroniosis iniciativiT sofel wesSi daarsda stamba, sadac aTamde qarTuli wigni daibeWda (kezevaZe 2000: 2). am stambaSi 1809 wels dabeWdil `savedrebeli RvTismSoblisas~ bolosityvaobaSi aRniSnulia, rom: `yovlad samuRvdelo nikolaos wmidel arxi-episkoposi sofron Semwe eqmna stambisa amis saWiroTa nivTTa zeda~ (iqve).

sofronios nikorwmindeli iRwvoda osi mosaxleobis gaqristianebisaTvis. misi TaosnobiT nikorwmindis eparqiis maxloblad, kudaros xeobaSi mcxovrebi 912 osi

252

gaqristianebula. am faqts mowmobs 1816 wels Telavis arxiepiskoposis - dosiTeosis mier gagzavnili werili sofronios wulukiZesTan. arxiepiskoposi dosiTeosi sofronioss Txovs, rom Tavisi samwysodan mRvdeli amoarCios da axladgaqristianebul osebTan ganawesos, WeSmariti sarwmunoebis gansamtkiceblad: `Tqven mowyaleo mwyemsmTavaro Txovasaebr Cemisa daniSnulman da ganmawesebelman maT xsenebulTa axlad naTelRebulTa ovsTa Soris mRudlisaman, mauwyeT saxeli, gvari da dro ganwesebisa misisa Tanamdebobasa Sina, ra mier ricxvidgan damwyebelman dauniSno mas weliwadSi 150 rubli TeTri, fuli Statisamebr ganwesebuli jamagiri…. Tqvenis yovlad samRvdeloebis umorCilesi arxiepiskoposi Telavisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kavkasiisa dosiTeos... daiwera dekembris 8-s dResa 1816-s welsa. maTs maRal yovlad samRvdeloebas nikolooswmindels sofrons~ (x.e.c. fondi SD - 5237).

1817 wels saqarTvelos egzarqosaT movlinebulma Teofilaqte rusanovma, dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis reformireba daiwyo, ramac xalxis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. Cven am sakiTxs vrclad wina TavSi SevexeT da amitom amis ganxilvas detalurad aRar SeudgebiT.1qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis gadasarCenad eri da beri gaerTianda, rasac moyva 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba, romelsac ruseTis saxelisuflebo wreebma `saeklesio bunti~ uwodes. ajanyeba mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos moedo. ajanyebulebs mxarSi edgnen dosiTeos quTaTeli, efTvime genaTeli da anton xoneli. maTgan gansxvavebiT sofronios nikorwmindelma ruseTis mTavrobas uerTgula da amagic daufasda. ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg is `umaRlesis brZanebiT daidgina imereTis arxiepiskoposaT...~ (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (A) 1954: 390). miuxedavad amagis dafasebisa, rogorc Cans sofroniosi mainc sifrTxiles iCenda da ruseTis xelisuflebas bolomde ar endoboda. nikorwmindaSi mcxovreb moxucebs ambrosi xelaiasaTvis


253

uambniaT, rom nikorwmindis taZars maRla samalavebi hqonda, sadac mtrebis Semosevis dros inaxavdnen taZris Zvirfas samkaulebs. am samalavebSi xSirad adamianebic afarebdnen Tavs da maT Soris iyo arqiepiskoposi sofronic. is sami wlis ganmavlobaSi imaleboda iq, radgan eSinoda im bedisa, romelic ewia dosiTeos quTaTelsa da efTvime genaTels. sofroniosi dRisiT samalavebSi iyo, RamiT ki Camodioda eparqiis saqmeebis gansagebelad (xelaia 2011: 204). Zneli saTqmelia ramdenad Seesabameba es gadmocema sinamdviles, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im epoqis (XIX s-is I nax.) simZimes, gamoricxuli ar aris sofronioss garkveuli periodi sifrTxile gamoeCina.

1820 wlis 3 marts ruseTis mTavrobis mier dapatimrebuli dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli, ruseTSi gadaasaxles. dosiTeos quTaTeli Sepyrobis dros miRebuli Wrilobebisgan gzaSi gardaicvala da ananurSi daasaflaves. efTvime genaTelma ruseTSi CaaRwia da 1822 wlis 21 aprils aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monasterSi aResrula. xonis saepiskoposos mmarTvelobas Camocilebul iqna ukanaskneli xoneli mRvdelmTavari anton CijavaZec. imereTSi Seiqmna erTi eparqia, romelSic gaerTianda quTaisis, gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebi. 1821 wlis 19 noembers oficialurad moxda sofronios wulukiZis imereTis eparqiis mmarTvelad damtkiceba, Tumca faqtobrivad is imereTis eparqiis marTvas 1820 wlis martis bolodan Sedgomia (kezevaZe 2000: 2).

sofroniosis mimarT simpatiiT iyo ganwyobili saqarTvelos egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovi. erT-erT werilSi Teofilaqte acxadebs rom is aris sofroniosis: `WeSmaritiTa maRal pativiscemiTa da ZmebriviTa siyvaruliTa umorCilesi mosamsaxure da mlocveli...~ (q. c. a. fondi - 21, saqme - 15).

sofronioss ndobas ucxadebda saqarTvelos momdevno egzarqosi ionac. man sofronioss imereTis eparqiis reformireba daavala. reformis mixedviT saeklesio glexebs naturaluri gadasaxadebis nacvlad fuladi gadasaxadebi

254

ekisrebodaT. yoveli sasuliero moxele saeklesio Semosavlebidan miiRebda maTvTvis dawesebul garkveul jamagirs. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoraSi, romelic 1814 wels Seiqmna, sofronioss unda waredgina dawvrilebiTi cnobebi imereTis eklesia-monastrebis qonebisa da Semosavlis Sesaxeb. amave dros massaqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoraSi unda gaegzavna erTi warmomadgeneli mudmiv samuSaod (vaWriZe g. 1999: 251). unda Semcirebuliyo sasuliero pirTa ricxvi.

sofroniosi imereTis eparqiis mmarTvelobis dros rusi moxeleebisagan mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sasuliero pirebis uflebebis dacvas cdilobda. 1825 wlis brZanebulebis mixedviT, sofroniosma sasuliero wodeba daubruna Walatyis dekanozebsmerkvilaZeebs. am ukanasknelTaTvis, 1824 wlis aprilis TveSi quTaisis mazris naCalniks andrievskis, TviTneburad Catarebuli aRweris dros, sasuliero wodeba CamourTmevia da saxazino ymebad Cauweria. merkvilaZeebs es faqti gauprotestebiaT da warudgeniaT 1762 wels gacemuli imereTis mefis solomon I-is sabuTi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom mefe solomonma: ̀ aRaSena Walatyevs eklesia da daasvena mun qristes jvarcma, ganawesa dekanozaT Toma merkvilaZe viTar uwinaresca igi iyo da Seswira uriebi ymani da sxva...~ (x.e.c. HD - 8561). am sabuTis mixedviT Toma merkvilaZis STamomavlebi `iyvnen maradis dekanozebaT im eklesiisa (Walatyis jvarcmis eklesiis b. g.) da ekuTvnodnen eklesiis uwyebas. iyvnen Tavisufalni eklesiis samsaxurs garda... flobdnen ymebs da hqondaT aznauris Rirseba. rogorc aRvniSneT, arxiepiskoposma sofroniosma daakmayofila merkvilaZeebis saCivari, isini amowera saxazino ymebis siidan da maT sasuliero wodeba daubruna (iqve).

sofronioss sinodisagan davalebuli hqonda dabali samRvdeloebis ganTavisufleba Tavad-aznaurTa ymobisagan. man wlebis manZilze axsna-ganmartebiTa da propagandiT daarwmuna da daiTanxma imereTis Tavad-aznauroba, gaenTavisuflebina ymobisagan mRvdlebi, diakvnebi da sxva

255

saeklesio msaxurni. im xanad imereTsa da raWaSi dabali samRvdeloeba Seadgenda 414 komls. am komlebidan eklesiis msaxuri iyo 1282 suli. 1821 wlidan dawyebuli 1832 wlamde Tavadebisa da aznaurebis ymobisgan ganTavisuflda 387 komli (gogolaZe 1971: 15), rac rogorc aRvniSneT sofronios wulukiZis damsaxureba iyo.

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis rusul yaidaze gardaqmnis saqmeSi didi damsaxurebisaTvis, arqiepiskoposi sofroniosi 1839 wels wminda annas pirveli xarisxis ordeniT daajildoves (vaWriZe g. 1999: 252).

imereTis eparqiis mmarTvelobis bolo wlebi, sofronios wulukiZem avadmyofobaSi gaatara. mZimed dasneulebuls marjvena xeli `dauqmebia.~

1841 wlis 18 noembers ruseTis uwmindesma sinodma piradi Txovnis safuZvelze, avadmyofobis gamo, arqiepiskoposi sofroni gaanTavisufla imereTis eparqiis mmarTvelobisagan (kezevaZe 2000: 2). amis Semdeg sofrons didxans aRar ucocxlia is 1842 wlis 1 ianvars gardaicvala (zogierTi cnobiT sofroni gardaicvala 1845 wels. soselia 1981: 75-76) da dakrZalul iqna quTaisis sakaTedro taZarSi.

256

nikorwmindel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi

manoel CxetiZe 1534 - XVI s-is 40-iani ww-is pirveli naxevariioakime XVI s-is 40-iani ww-is II naxevari

XVI s-is 50-iani ww.daviT sayvareliZe 1559 (?)ambrosi baqraZe XVI s-is 60-iani wlebis dasawyisimelqisedek sayvareliZe 1565 - 1573ambrosi baqraZe 1573-1590-iani ww.nikolozi XVI s-is bolo XVII s-is 20-iani ww.svimon CxetiZe XVII s-is 30-iani ww.-is

dasawyisi - 1639ioseb saakaZe XVII s-is 40-iani wlebi daviT mitropoliti XVII s-is 40-iani ww. - 50-

iani ww.-is I naxevarisvimon jafariZe XVII s-is 50-iani ww.-is II naxevarigedeon lorTqifaniZe 1660-1666-67daviT mitropoliti 1666-67-XVII s-is 70-iani ww.arseni XVII ss-is 70-80-iani ww.svimon wulukiZe XVII s-is 80-iani wlebidan -

XVIII s-is 20-ian wlebamdegermane wulukiZe XVIII s-is 50-iani ww. - 1771silibistro RoRoberiZe 1771-1770-iani ww.-is bolo(?)germane wulukiZe XVIII s-is 80-iani ww. - 1793sofronios wulukiZe 1793-1821 (imereTis eparqia

_ 1821-1842)

257

daskvna

XVI-is pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnilma gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebma, sami saukune iarseba.

imereTis mefis bagrat III-is (1510-1565) iniciativiT, gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis daarseba, im xanad dasustebuli eklesiis gaZlierebasa da imereTis mefisaTvis politikuri dasayrdenis gaCenas isaxavda miznad. am kaTedrebze moRvawe episkoposebi ZiriTadad imereTis mefeebis erTgulni iyvnen da maT mxarSi edgnen rogorc ucxoeli dampyroblebis, agreTve separatizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.

`axali qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da `parizis qronikaSi~ daculi cnobebis mixedviT, quTaisis saepiskopososgan gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebis gamoyofa 1529 wels moxda. gelaTis saepiskoposos daarsebasTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebuli cnobebic arsebobs, sadac aRniSnuli faqti 1519 da 1525 wlebiT TariRdeba, rac sizustes moklebuli unda iyos. mefe bagrat III-is mier gelaTisaTvis boZebul sigelSi, romelic 1527 wels daiwera, moxseniebulia ̀ didisa saydrisa moZRvarT-moZRvari (gelaTis akademiis reqtori) manase da winamZRvari makare.~ am sigelSi moZRvarT-moZRvari manases moxsenieba gvafiqrebinebs, rom 1527 wlisaTvis gelaTSi saepiskoposo kaTedra jer kidev ar iyo daarsebuli, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi genaTeli episkoposi sigelSi naxsenebi iqneboda. amrigad `axali qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da `parizis qronikaSi~ daculi cnobebi, romlebic 1529 wels gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposoebis daarsebas Seexeba sando unda iyos.

mefe bagrat III-m gelaTisa da xonis Semdeg saepiskoposo kaTedra Seqmna nikorwmindaSic. nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb, msgavsad gelaTis saepiskopososi, gansxvavebuli TariRebi arsebobs, es aris 1534 da 1544 wlebi. mefe bagrat III-is sigeli, sadac nikorwmindis saepiskoposos Seqmnazea saubari (es sigeli savaraudod

258

peterburgis arqivSi inaxeba), gamoqveynebuli aqvs T. Jordanias da s. kakabaZes. T. Jordaniaseuli gamocemis mixedviT sigeli daiwera mefe bagratis mefobis meoTxe indiktions (wels) `qoronikonsa :s k b:~ anu 1534 wels. s. kakabaZis gamocemaSi bagratis mefobis meoTxe indiktioni ucvleli rCeba, xolo qoronikoniT welTaRricxva gansxvavebulia. `qoronikonsa :s k b:~-s damatebuli aqvs aTis aRmniSvneli i, anu am versiiT sigeli daiwera ara 1534, aramed 1544 wels - `qoronikonsa :s k i b:~ mefe bagrat III imereTis samefo taxtze 1510 wels avida. misi mefobis meoTxe indiktioni 1513 welia da ara 1534 an 1544 weli. aqidan gamomdinare s. kakabaZem miiCnia, rom nikorwmindis saepiskoposos damaarsebeli ar aris imereTis mefe bagrat III, romelic mefobda 1510-1565 wlebSi. misi varaudiT nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedra Seqmna raWa-argveTis mflobelma bagratma, romelic mefobda 1541-1548 wlebSi.es varaudi sizustes moklebulia. Zneli dasajerebelia imereTis mefe bagrat III-s, romlis gavlena im droisaTvis mTels dasavleT saqarTvelosa da samcxe-saaTabagoze vrceldeboda, raWa-argveTSi vinmes gabatoneba daeSva. garda amisa, axali saepiskoposo kaTedrebis daarseba swored bagrat III-is politikis Semadgeneli nawili iyo, rac misTvis imereTis samefoSi politikuri dasayrdenis gaCenas isaxavda miznad. Cven am sakiTxis kvlevis dros T. Jordanias varaudi gaviziareT, romlis mixedviT, zemoT damowmebul sigelSi aRniSnuli bagratis mefobis meoTxe indiktionis nacvlad, unda yofiliyo ocdameoTxe indiktioni. bagrat III-is gamefebidan Tu 24 wels miumatebT miviRebT 1534 wels, (1510+24=1534). amrigad gamodis, rom imereTis mefe bagrat III-s nikorwmindis saepiskoposo 1534 wels dauarsebia.

zogierTi varaudiT, gelaTsa da nikorwmindaSi XVI saukunemdec arsebobda saepiskoposo kaTedrebi, Tumca amis damadasturebeli cnobebi Zalian mwiria. faqti erTia, XVI s-is pirvel naxevarSi gelaTSi, xonsa da nikorwmindaSi imereTis mefis bagrat III-is iniciativiT

259

axali saepiskoposoebi Seiqmna, romlebsac samwyso sazRvrebi daudginda. gelaTis saepiskopososaTvis vrceli teritoriebi dauTmiaT, maT Soris rionis piri, qalaqi quTaisis nawili, okriba, argveTis mxare kacxis zRvaramde da `xreiTs aqeT raWis mTebamde.~ gelaTis saepiskoposom daaxloebiT imereTis erTi mesamedi moicva. vake imereTs moicavda xonis saepiskoposo, romlis sazRvrebi rionsa da cxeniswyals Soris gadioda. istoriuli raWa moicva nikorwmindis saepiskoposom. misi samxreT dasavleTi da samxreT aRmosavleTi sazRvrebi `okribis, nakaloebisa da muxuris mTas gadmoRma~ gavida. Crdilo da Crdilo aRmosavleTiT `kveSelvas erwos sajvares, dvaleTis mTis gadmoRma, aseve Rebsa da glolas~ sazvrebSi Semoifargla. gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposoebis sazRvrebi TiTqmis ucvleli iyo 1820-21 wlebamde, anu aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebis gauqmebamde.

adreqristianuli da Sua saukuneebis xanis qarTuli eparqiebis mmarTvelobiTi sistemisgan gansxvavdeboda XVI-XVIII saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos da maT Soris raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebis marTva-gamgeobis wesebi. VIII-X s-Si qarTul eklesiaSi damkvidrebuli wesis Tanaxmad, episkoposad SeiZleboda arCeuliyo nebismieri socialuri wridan gamosuli da saeklesio ierarqia gavlili ber-monazoni, romlis arCevaSi samRvdeloebasTan erTad eriskacebic iRebdnen monawileobas, mogvianebiT es wesi Seicvala da episkoposebad mxolod feodaluri wridan gamosuli sasuliero pirebi dgindebodnen, romlebic mefe-mTavarTa rCeulni iyvnen. XV s-is 70-ian wlebSi erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos samefo-samTavroebad daiSala. am procesebma mTel qveyanaSi da gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi anarqia gamoiwvia, romelic didxans gagrZelda da eklesiasac moedo. adgili hqonda saeklesio wes-wyobilebis rRvevas. ersa da eklesiaSi gavrcelebuli mankierebebis asalagmad, imereTis mefis bagrat III-is TaosnobiT XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba iqna mowveuli. krebam sxva sakiTxebTan

260

erTad imsjela da daadgina dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebis marTva-gamgeobis wesebi da episkoposebis ufleba-valdebulebani. krebis gadawyvetilebiT, romelic `samarTali kaTalikozisas~ saxeliT aris cnobili, episkoposs aekrZala 20 dReze meti xniT Tavisi samwysos datoveba, Tuki raime sapatio mizezi ar iyo. episkoposs Tavisi samwysos sulier cxovrebaze zrunvis garda, saepiskoposos SigniT aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebis warmoeba, saeklesio yma-mamulis gazrda da mwarmoebeli klasisaTvis sameurneo pirobebis Seqmnac evaleboda. episkoposebi valdebulni iyvnen saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TavianT samwysoSi moexdinaT smxedro mobilizacia. saepiskoposoebidan gamoyvanili jari Tavad-aznaurebisagan Sedgeboda.

XVI-XVIII ss-Si dasavleT saqarTveloSi saepiskoposoebis marTva-gamgeoba TiTqmis ucvlelad warmoebda. 1820-21 wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gatarebuli saeklesio reformis Sedegad, moiSala iq arsebuli saepiskoposoebis mmarTvelobiTi sistema da qarTuli eparqiebi rusuli eklesiis yaidaze gadavida.

raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi ara marto sasuliero centrebs, aramed kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kerebs warmoadgenda da mniSvnelovani wvlili Sehqonda qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi. am kaTedrebze, rogorc SedarebiT dacul adgilebSi, Tavs iyrida uamravi ganZi da siwminde. aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebi didi yma-mamulis mflobelnic iyvnen, rac maT ekonomikur siZliereze aisaxeboda.

raWa-imereTis (gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) saepiskoposoebSi kargad iyo gamarTuli mmarTvelobis sameurneo meqanizmi. meurneobaSi wamyvani adgili miwadmoqmedebas eWira. ganviTarebuli iyo mevenaxeoba da mefutkreobac. gelaTis saepiskoposoSi wamyvani dargi iyo meRvineoba. sagenaTlos krebulSi meRvineTuxucessa da meRvines sapatio adgili ekava. xonis saepiskoposoSi meabreSumeobasac misdevdnen, rasac mowmobs xonis saydris sagadasaxado nusxebSi dafiqsirebuli ̀ sayaWobo~ gadasaxadi. abreSumis Wias imereTSi yaWs uwodebdnen. sayaWobo gadasaxadis arseboba gvafiqrebinebs, rom xonis samwysoSi

261

meabreSumeoba iyo ganviTarebuli.saeklesio glexi romelic eklesiis miwaze ijda,

valdebuli iyo Tavisi Semosavlis nawili eklesiisTvis gaeRo. glexi begaras naturiT ixdida, Tumca iyo fuladi gadasaxadebic. siRatakis zRvarze myof glexebs, eklesia gadasaxadebisagan aTavisuflebda. Cvens xelT arsebuli xonisa da gelaTis saydris sabegro nusxebis mixedviT, XVI s-Si am saepiskoposoebis Semosavali orjer aRemateboda XVII-XVIII ss-Si arsebul Semosavals, rac imxanad (XVII- XVIIIss-Si) dasavleT saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri krizisis maCvenebelia. wyaroTa simwiris gamo jerjerobiT verafers vambobT nikorwmindis samwysos Semosavlebze. savaraudod nikorwmindaSic analogiuri ekonomikuri suraTi iyo, msgavsad xonisa da gelaTis saepiskoposoebisa. imereTis samefoSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg, dRis wesrigSi dadga afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosoSi Semavali saepiskoposoebis rusuli eparqiebis yaidaze mowyobis sakiTxi. 1817 wels saqarTvelos egzarqosad movlinebulma Teofilaqte rusanovma dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daiwyo. 1821 wlis noembris TveSi reformis ZaliT oficialurad gauqmda raWa-imereTis oTxive saepiskoposo kaTedra (quTaisi, gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) da imereTis eparqiaSi gaerTianda. (Tumca raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoebi faqtobrivad 1820 wlis 4 martis Semdeg ukve gauqmebuli iyo). gauqmda am saepiskoposoebSi arsebuli tradiciuli sameurneo sistemac da saeklesio glexebze naturiT dakisrebuli gadasaxadebi, fuladi gadasaxadebiT Seicvala. yovelive aman saerTo jamSi gadasaxadebis gaormageba gamoiwvia, es ki mZime tvirTad daawva isedac savalalo mdgomareobaSi myof glexobas.

gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedra upiratesi iyo raWa-imereTis saepiskoposoTa Soris. genaTeli episkoposebi didi gavleniT sargeblobdnen imereTis samefo karze. XVI s-is 20-ian wlebSi arseboba Sewyvita gelaTis akademiam da Sesabamisad gauqmda moZRvarT-moZRvris (akademiis reqtoris) instituti, rac mZimed aisaxa imdroindel qarTul

262

saganmanaTleblo sistemaze. aseT rTul viTarebaSi gelaTis akademiis memkvidreoba axladdaarsebulma gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedram iTava, xolo moZRvarT-moZRvris funqcia genaTelma episkoposma SeiTavsa. es funqcia genaTel episkoposebs Semdgom xanebSic hqondaT SeTavsebuli.

genaTeli episkoposebi, sauliero cxovrebis garda, CarTuli iyvnen politikur procesebSi. maT moRvaweoba uwevdaT diplomatiur sarbielzec. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia zaqaria qvarianis, ioseb bagrationis efTvime ServaSiZis da sxvaTa diplomatiuri saqmianobani. Cvens naSromSi dadgenilia cxrameti genaTeli episkoposis vinaoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi. agreTve gamokvleulia genaTelebis mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba.

qveynis ganviTarebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Sehqonda xonis saepiskoposo kaTedras da iq moRvawe xonel episkoposebs. arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT Cvens mier dadgenilia XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi moRvawe cameti xoneli episkoposis vinaoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi. maT Soris TavianTi RvawliT gamoirCeodnen afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi malaqia, romelsac amave dros caiSloba, jumaTloba da xoneloba hqonda SeTavsebuli, yofili mroveli da SemdgomSi xoneli ioseb maCabeli, agreTve ukanaskneli xoneli episkoposi anton CijavaZe, romelmac ormocdaaT welze meti dahyo xonis saepiskoposo kaTedraze da sxvani. anton CijavaZis saxels ukavSirdeba xonSi samrevlo skolis amoqmedeba da fizikuri naklis mqone bavSvebisaTvis as adgiliani saavadmyofos gaxsna.

raWis saerisTavosa da mTels imereTis samefoSi didi pativiT sargeblobdnen nikorwmindeli episkoposebi. germaneli mogzauris giuldenStedtis gadmocemiT, nikorwmindelebis rezidencia yvelaze kargad nagebi Senoba iyo mTels imereTSi, rac nikorwmindis saepiskoposos ekonomikur siZliereze miuTiTebs. Cven davadgineT Teqvsmeti nikorwmindeli episkoposis vinaoba da maTi qronologiuri rigi. nikorwmindelebs Soris TavianTi RvawliT gamoirCeodnen svimon CxetiZe, (SemdgomSi

263

afxazeTis kaTalikosi), germane da sofronios wulukiZeebi da sxvani.

rogorc aRvniSneT, ruseTis eklesias daqvemdebarebulma saqarTvelos saegzarqosom egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovis TaosnobiT, 1819 wels dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis gatareba daiwyo. reformis ZaliT uqmdeboda dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli saepiskoposoebi, maT Soris raWa-imereTis kaTedrebi da msxvil eparqiebSi erTiandeboda. qarTuli saeklesio wes-wyobileba rusuli eklesiis yaidaze gadadioda. aman saxalxo mRelvareba gamoiwvia, rac 1819-20 wlebis ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. ruseTis xelisuflebam am ajanyebas `saeklesio bunti~ uwoda. ajanyeba imereTidan daiwyo da TiTqmis mTels dasavleT saqarTvelos moedo. ajanyebas saTaveSi edgnen dosiTeos quTaTeli, efTvime genaTeli da anton xoneli. maTgan gansxvavebiT nikorwmindelma sofronios wulukiZem ruseTis xelisuflebis mxare daiWira. 1820 wlis 3 marts (zogierTi cnobiT 4 marts) saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebelis aleqsi ermolovis brZanebiT, ajanyebis sxva organizatorebTan erTad daapatimres dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli. mxcovani mRvdelmTavrebi ruseTSi gadaasaxles. dosiTeos quTaTeli dapatimrebis dros miyenebuli Wrilobebisgan gzaSi gardaicvala da ananurSi dakrZales. efTvime genaTelma ruseTSi CaaRwia da 1822 wlis 21 aprils 76 wlis asakSi aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monasterSi aResrula. xonis saepiskoposos mmarTvelobas Camoaciles anton CijavaZec. ruseTis xelisuflebam 1819-20 wlebis ajanyeba sisxlSi CaaxSo. saeklesio reforma dasavleT saqarTveloSi mainc gatarda, romlis ZaliTac 1821 wlis noembris TveSi sabolood gauqmda raWa-imereTis oTxive saepiskoposo kaTedra (quTaisi, gelaTi, xoni, nikorwminda) da imereTis eparqiaSi gaerTianda. imereTis eparqiis mmarTveloba ukanasknel nikorwmindel episkoposs sofronios wulukiZes andes.

gelaTis, xonisa da nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedrebma da iq moRvawe episkoposebma sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani kvali datoves qarTveli eris istoriaSi.

264

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura

wyaroebi

saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivifondi 1448, saqme - 883, 886, 894, 992, 995, 999, 1531,

1533,1534, 2143, 2149, 2164, 2170, 2259, 2260, 3304, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3327, 4042.

saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri fondi - A D xelnaweri - 652, 793. fondi -H xelnaweri - 2784. fondi - HD xelnaweri - 298, 1573, 2171, 2257, 3166, 5686,

6733, 7883, 8041, 8452, 10143, 11208, 14514, 14050, 14982. fondi - S D xelnaweri - 2895, 2901, 2905, 2976, 5237.

quTaisis centraluri arqivi fondi 21, saqme - 5, 15. 1.

avaliSvili 1967: avaliSvili g. - `mgzavroba Tbilisidan 2. ierusalimamde~ teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo el. metrevelma Tbilisi 1967batoniSvili daviTi 1905: - `masalebi saqarTvelos 3. istoriisTvis~ - Sekrebili batoniSvilis daviT giorgis Zisa da misi Zmebisa (1744 - 1840) tf. 1905batoniSvili vaxuSti 1973: batoniSvili vaxuSti - `aRwera 4. samefosa saqarTveloisa~ - qarTlis cxovreba s. yauxCiSvilis redaqciiT t. IV, Tbilisi 1973batoniSvili ioane 1948: batoniSvili ioane - `kalmasoba~ t. 5. II, Tbilisi 1948baqraZe 1987: baqraZe d. - `mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi~ 6. Tbilisi 1987berZeniSvili 1940: berZeniSvili n. - `dokumentebi 7. saqarTvelos socialuri istoriidan~ t. I, Tbilisi 1940berZeniSvili 1953: berZeniSvili n. - ̀ dokumentebi saqarTvelos 8. socialuri istoriidan~ t. II, Tbilisi 1953boWoriZe 1994: boWoriZe g. - `raWa - leCxumis istoriuli 9. Zeglebi~ Tbilisi 1994boWoriZe 1995: boWoriZe g. - ̀ imereTis istoriuli Zeglebi~ 10. Tbilisi 1995burjanaZe 1958: burjanaZe S. - `istoriuli dokumentebi 11. imereTis samefosa da guria - odiSis samTavroebisa~ Tbilisi 1958georgika 1952: georgika - bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi 12.

265

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb - berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo s. yauxCiSvilma t. IV, nakveTi II, Tbilisi 1952giuldenStedti 1962: giuldenStedti `mogzauroba 13. saqarTveloSi~ germanuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gelaSvilma t. I, Tbilisi 1962dadiani 1962: dadiani n. - `qarTvelT cxovreba~ wigni 14. gamosca S. burjanaZem Tbilisi 1962didi mouraviani 1851: didi mouraviani - Tqmuli saakaZis 15. ioseb Tfilelisagan damatebiT sxuaTa misTa TxzulebaTa - pl. ioselianis winasityvaobiT Tfilisi 1851TayaiSvili 1920: TayaiSvili e. - `xelmwifis karis garigeba~ 16. - qarTuli Zeglebi tfilisi 1920TayaiSvili 1913-14: TayaiSvili e. - `xonis eklesia da misi 17. siZveleni~ - Zveli saqarTvelo tfilisi 1913 - 14TayaiSvili 1939: TayaiSvili e. - `mefeTa da kaTalikozTa 18. sulTa matiane nikorwmindis xelnawerSi~ parizi 1939TayaiSvili 1920: TayaiSvili e. - `saqarTvelos siZveleni~ 19. t. I, tfilisi 1920TayaiSvili 1963: TayaiSvili e. - `arqeologiuri mogzauroba 20. raWaSi~ Tbilisi 1963ievlevi 1969: ievlevi a. - `1650 - 1652 ww. imereTis 21. samefoSi elCobis saangariSo aRweriloba~ rusuli teqsti, xelnawerebis mimoxilviT da qarTuli TargmaniT gamosacemad moamzada i. cncaZem Tbilisi 1969iveria 1891: gazeTi `iveria~ - e. TayaiSvili `sigeli 22. TofuriZeTa~ nom. 213, tfilisi 1891ioseliani 1936: ioseliani p. ̀ cxovreba giorgi mecametisa~ 23. Tbilisi 1936kakabaZe 1912a: kakabaZe s. - ̀ sjulmdebeli bagrat kurapalati~ 24. tfilisi 1912kakabaZe 1912b: kakabaZe s. `vaxtang ucnobi me - 15 saukunis 25. afxaz - imereTis mefeTagani da misi memkvidre mefe giorgi~ tfilisi 1912kakabaZe 1913a: kakabaZe s. - `samarTali kaTalikozisa da misi 26. Sedgenis dro~ tfilisi 1913kakabaZe 1913b: kakabaZe s. - ̀ xonis saydris davTari~ tfilisi 27. 1913kakabaZe 1913g: kakabaZe s. - `saeklesio reformebisTvis 28. solomon pirvelis dros~ tfilisi 1913kakabaZe 1913d: kakabaZe s. - `mcnebai sarjulo~ tfilisi 29. 1913kakabaZe 1914a: kakabaZe s. - ̀ afxazeTis sakaTalikoso glexebis 30.

266

didi davTari~ tfilisi 1914kakabaZe 1914b: kakabaZe s. - ̀ werilebi da masalebi saqarTvelos 31. istoriisTvis~ w. 1, tfilisi 1914kakabaZe 1921a: kakabaZe s. - ̀ dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio 32. sabuTebi~ w. 1, tfilisi 1921kakabaZe 1921b: kakabaZe s. - ̀ dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio 33. sabuTebi~ w. 2, tfilisi 1921kakabaZe 1922: kakabaZe s. - `saqarTvelos istoria, axali 34. saukuneebis epoqa~ (1500 - 1810) tfilisi 1922kakabaZe 1926: kakabaZe s. - ̀ farsadan giorgijaniZis istoria~ 35. tfilisi 1926kakabaZe 1956: kakabaZe s. - `imereTis samefos gauqmeba~ 36. Tbilisi 1956kasteli 1976: kasteli kristoforo - `cnobebi da albomi 37. saqarTvelos Sesaxeb~ teqsti gaSifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo b. giorgaZem Tbilisi 1976lomsaZe 1979: lomsaZe S. - ̀ gvian Suasaukuneebis saqarTvelos 38. istoriidan, axalcixuri qronikebi (iovane xucesis dRiur - werilebi) Tbilisi 1979odiSeli 1968: odiSeli j. - ̀ mcire qronikebi~ (kinklosebis 39. istoriuli minawerebi) Tbilisi 1968orbeliani sulxan-saba 1991: orbeliani sulxan - saba - 40. `leqsikoni qarTuli~ avtobiografiuli nusxebis mixedviT moamzada, gamokvleva da ganmartebaTa leqsikis saZiebeli daurTo i. abulaZem t. I, Tbilisi 1991orbeliani sulxan-saba 1993: orbeliani sulxan - saba - 41. `leqsikoni qarTuli~ avtobiografiuli nusxebis mixedviT moamzada, gamokvleva da ganmartebaTa leqsikis msaZiebeli daurTo i. abulaZem t. II, Tbilisi 1993orbeliani papuna 1981: orbeliani papuna ̀ ambavni qarTlisani~ 42. - teqsti daadgina, Sesavali, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo elene cagareiSvilma Tbilisi 1981Jordania 1897: `qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos 43. istoriisa da mwerlobisa - Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier~ w. 2, tfilisi 1897Jordania 1967: `qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos 44. istoriisa da mwrelobisa - Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier~ - wigni gamosacemad moamzades g. Jordaniam da S. xanTiZem w. 3, Tbilisi 1967saistorio krebuli 1928: saistorio krebuli - kakabaZe s. 45. `masalebi dasavleT saqarTvelos socialur - ekonomiuri istoriisaTvis~ w. 1, tfilisi 1928saistorio moambe 1924: kakabaZe s. - `sasisxlo sigelebis 46.

267

Sesaxeb~ - saistorio moambe w. II, tfilisi 1924saistorio moambe 1925: kakabaZe s. - ̀ imereTis saxelmwifoebrivi 47. mdgomareobis Sesaxeb me - 17 saukuneSi~ - saistorio moambe w. I, tfilisi 1925solomon mefe da rostom erisTavi 1936: `solomon mefe da 48. rostom erisTavi~ - istoriuli narkvevi Tbilisi 1936toloCanovi 1970: toloCanovi n. - `imereTSi elCobis 49. muxlobrivi aRweriloba 1650 - 1652 wlebSi. rusuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT da xelnawerebis mimoxilviT gamosacemad moamzada i. cincaZem Tbilisi 1970furcelaZe 1890: furcelaZe d. - `anton II- is anderZi~ 50. tfilisi 1890qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (51. A) 1954: saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, yofili saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerebi (A koleqcia) t. IV, Tbilisi 1954qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (52. A) 1973: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciisa - Seadgines da dasabeWdad moamzades T. bregaZem, m. qavTariam da l. quTaTelaZem, el. metrevelis redaqciiT t. I, ganakveTi I, Tbilisi 1973qarTlis cxovreba 2008: `qarTlis cxovreba~ - mTavari 53. redaqtori r. metreveli Tbilisi 2008q.s.Z. 1970: `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~ - teqsti gamosca, 54. SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo i. doliZem t. III, Tbilisi 1970q.s.Z. 1972: `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~ - teqsti gamosca, 55. SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo i. doliZem t. IV, Tbilisi 1972q.s.Z. 1974: `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~ - teqsti gamosca, 56. SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo i. doliZem t. V, Tbilisi 1974yauCiSvili 1959: `qarTlis cxovreba~ - teqsti dadgenili 57. yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier t. II, Tbilisi 1959Sardeni 1975: Jan Sardeni - `mogzauroba sparseTsa da 58. aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi~ (cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb) frangulidan Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo m. mgalobliSvilma Tbilisi 1975parizis qronika 1980: `cxovreba saqarTveloisa~ (parizis 59. qronika) tqsti gamosacemad moamzada, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo g. alasaniam - qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis Zeglebi t. II, Tbilisi 1980Акты60. ... 1874: `Акты Кавказскою архиографическою

268

комиссию~ Т. VI, Тф. 1874Броссе61. 1861: Броссе `переписка Грузинских цареи с Россиискими государями от 1659г по 1770г~ спб 1861Броссе62. 1843: броссе - `о религиозномъ и политическомъ состоянии грузии до XVII века~ - Журналъ Министерства народнаго просвищения XL (12) отдел II,Санкт-петербург 1843Натроев63. 1909: Натроев А. `Иверский монастырь на афонъвъ турции на одномъ изъ выступовъ Халкидонскаго полуострова~ Тф. 1909Махарадзе64. 1942: Махарадзе Н. ̀ Восстание в имеретии - 1819-1820 гг.~ - masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis nakveTi III, Tbilisi 1942Историа65. Грузинской иерархии 1826: ̀ Историа Грузинской иерархии~ Мос. 1826Пурцеладзе66. 1881: Пурцеладзе Д.`Грузинские церковные гуджари `(грамоты) Тф. 1881Иоселиани67. 1843: Иоселиани Пл.`Краткая историа Грузинской церкви~ Пет. 1843Хаханов68. 1901: Хаханов А. `Очерки по истории Грузинской словесности~ Мос. 1901 literatura:

aladaSvili 1957: aladaSvili n. - `nikorwmindis reliefebi~ 69. Tbilisi 1957anTelava 1990: anTelava i. - `levan II dadiani~ Tbilisi 70. 1990asaTiani 1973: asaTiani n. `masalebi XVII s - is saqarTvelos 71. istoriisaTvis~ Tbilisi 1973beriZe 1959: beriZe v. - `nikorwminda~ Tbilisi 195972. berZeniSvili 1966: berZeniSvili n. - `saqarTvelos istoriis 73. sakiTxebi~ t. III, Tbilisi 1966berZeniSvili 1971: berZeniSvili n. - `saqarTvelos istoriis 74. sakiTxebi~ t. V, Tbilisi 1971 berZniSvili 1979: berZniSvili m. - `XI s - is qarTuli 75. saistorio wyaroebi saqarTvelos socialur - ekonomikuri istoriis Sesaxeb - nikorwmindis dawerili~ Tbilisi 1979gabisonia 2006: gabisonia p. - `quTaisis saepiskoposos 76. istoria~ disertacia D - 6249 Tbilisi 2006gabisonia 2006: gabisonia p. - `quTaisis saepiskoposos 77. istoria~ avtoreferati Tbilisi 2006gabisonia 2008: gabisonia p. - `gelaTis saepiskoposos 78.

269

daarsebis TariRisaTvis~ - istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis Sromebi Tbilisi 2008gafrindaSvili 2008: gafrindaSvili b. - `gaenaTel 79. episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi~ - Jurnali qarTvelologia nom. 3, Tbilisi 2008gelaTuri xelnawerebi 2012: gelaTuri xelnawerebi Tbilisi 80. 2012gogolaZe 1971: gogolaZe d. - `saqarTvelos socialur-81. ekonomiuri ganviTareba gvianfeodalur xanaSi (saadgilmamulo urTierToba) 1800 - 1864 ww. Tbilisi1971gogsaZe 1948: gogsaZe m. - `narkvevebi gelaTis Zeglis 82. istoriidan~ Tbilisi 1948goilaZe 1991: goilaZe v. - `qarTuli eklesiis sadaveebTan~ 83. Tbilisi 1991guguSvili 2003: guguSvili g. - `nikorwmindis eparqia~ - 84. Jurnali ornati Tbilisi 2003gurgeniZe: gurgeniZe n. - ̀ mawyverel episkoposTa qronologiuri 85. rigi~ xelnaweris uflebiTdiasamiZe 1999: diasamiZe b. - `qristianoba dasavleT 86. saqarTveloSi I - X ss - Si~ avtoreferati Tbilisi 1999vaWriZe p. 1977: vaWriZe p. - `qalaq wulukiZis istoriidan~ 87. Tbilisi 1977vaWriZe p. 2000: vaWriZe p. - ̀ xonis samaswavleblo seminaria~ 88. Tbilisi 2000vaWriZe g. 1999: vaWriZe g. - ̀ imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba~ 89. quTaisi 1999zaqaraia 1956: zaqaraia p. - `caiSis xuroTmoZRvruli 90. Zeglebi~ Tbilisi 1956TamaraSvili 1902: TamaraSvili m. - ìstoria kaTolikobisa 91. qarTvelTa Soris~ tfilisi 1902istoriuli dokumentebis katalogi 1964: istoriuli 92. dokumentebis katalogi - k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti - Seadgines: T. enuqiZem, r. patariZem, n. SoSiaSvilma da g. jandierma fondi H D t. I, Tbilisi 1964kakulia 1997: kakulia j. - `saqarTvelos istoriis axali 93. aRqma~ w. II, Tbilisi 1997kalandia 2004: kalandia g. - òdiSis saepiskoposoebi~ 94. Tbilisi 2004karbelaSvili 1900: karbelaSvili p. - ̀ ierarqia saqarTvelos 95. eklesiisa~ (kaTalikosni da mRvdelT - mTavarni) tfilisi 1900karbelaSvili 1892: karbelaSvili p.(cxviloeli) - ̀ gaenaTelni 96. 1529 - 1821~ - Jurnali mwyemsi nom. 22, 1892kezevaZe 2000: kezevaZe m. - àrqiepiskoposi sofroni Semwe 97.

270

stambisa~ - gazeTi mwignobari quTaisi 2000k l i o 15, 2002: k l i o 15 (saistorio almanaxi) 98. - saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti, - qoriZe T. `XI- XVI saukuneebis afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikosTa qronologia~ Tbilisi 2002lominaZe 1955: lominaZe b. - `gelaTi~ Tbilisi 195599. lominaZe 1959: lominaZe b. - `gelaTi~ - damateba Tbilisi 100. 1959lominaZe 1966: lominaZe b. - `narkvevebi feodaluri xanis 101. dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriidan~ t. I, Tbilisi 1966lominaZe 1997: lominaZe b. - ̀ gedeon genaTeli~ - enciklopedia 102. `saqarTvelo~ Tbilisi 1997lominaZe 1954: lominaZe b. - ̀ masalebi dasavleT saqarTvelos 103. XVII - XVIII saukuneTa qronologiisTvis~ - masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisTvis Tbilisi 1954mamulia 1992: mamulia g. - `qarTlis eklesia V- VI 104. saukuneebSi~ Tbilisi 1992meliqiSvili 2007: meliqiSvili d. - `kidev erTxel 105. saxelwodeba gelaTis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb~ - gelaTi 900 - samecniero konferenciis masalebi Tbilisi 2007memfisaSvili 1965: memfisaSvili r. - `gelaTi~ Tbilisi 106. 1965memfisaSvili... 1982: memfisaSvili r, virsalaZe T. - `gelaTi, 107. arqiteqtura, mozaika, freskebi~ Tbilisi 1982mesxi 2011: mesxi T. - ̀ xonisa da samTavisis eklesiaTa freskebis 108. arabuli warwerebis warmomavlobisaTvis~ - bizantiologia saqarTveloSi Tbilisi 2011metreveli 2006: metreveli r. - `gelaTi, meore ierusalimi 109. da axali aTina~ Tbilisi 2006metreveli 2010: metreveli r. - `saqarTvelos mefeebi da 110. patriarqebi~ Tbilisi 2010metreveli 2012: metreveli r. - ̀ Strixebi XVII saukunis me 111. - 2 naxevris imereTis istoriidan~ - krebuli `mSvenierebis ZiebaSi~ Tbilisi 2012metreveli 2013: metreveli r. - `raWa~ Tbilisi 2013112. q. i. m. Sromebi 2006: kekelia i, sanaia a. - `...da uwoda 113. sasufevels genaaTi,~ gafrindaSvili b., kekelia i. - `genaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri rigi~ - quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis Sromebi krebuli - XVI quTaisi 2006q. i. m. Sromebi 2008: murusiZe m. `nikorwmindel episkoposTa 114. qronologiuri rigi,~robaqiZe m., kupraSvili s. `ioseb genaTeli diplomatiur sarbielze~ - quTaisis saxelmwifo

271

istoriuli muzeumis Sromebi krebuli - XVIII quTaisi 2008musxeliSvili 1980: musxeliSvili d. - `saqarTvelos 115. istoriuli geografiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ t. II, Tbilisi 1980mWedliZe... 2008: mWedliZe g, kezevaZe m. - `quTais - gaenaTis 116. eparqia~ quTaisi 2008nikolaiSvili 1982: nikolaiSvili m. - `gelaTi~ Tbilisi 117. 1982narkvevebi 1973a: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi t. II, 118. Tbilisi 1973narkvevebi 1979: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi t. III, 119. Tbilisi 1979narkvevebi 1973b: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi t. IV, 120. Tbilisi 1973paiWaZe 1970: paiWaZe g. - `masalebi ruseT - saqarTvelos 121. urTierTobis istoriisaTvis~ (1660 - 1685) - saistorio moambe nom. 23 - 24, Tbilisi 1970JRenti 2014: JRenti n. - ̀ Zmuisis wmida giorgis xatis warweraSi 122. moxseniebuli melqisedek iSxnelis identifikaciisaTvis: melqisedek sayvareliZe - ucnobi iSxneli episkoposi?~ - III saerTaSoriso konferencia- tao-klarjeTi-moxsenebaTa Tezisebi Tbilisi 2014 rexviaSvili 1989: rexviaSvili m. - ̀ imereTis samefo~ (1462-123. 1810) Tbilisi 1989sayvareliZe 1987: sayvareliZe T. `XIV - XIX ss - is 124. qarTuli oqromWedloba~ Tbilisi 1987soselia 1973: soselia o. - `narkvevebi feodaluri xanis 125. dasavleT saqarTvelos socialur - politikuri istoriidan~ (saTavadoebi) t. I, Tbilisi 1973soselia 1980: soselia o. - `narkvevebi feodaluri xanis 126. dasavleT saqarTvelos socialur - politikuri istoriidan~ (saTavadoebi) t. II, Tbilisi 1980soselia 1990: soselia o. - `narkvevebi feodaluri xanis 127. dasavleT saqarTvelos socialur - politikuri istoriidan~ (saTavadoebi) t. III, Tbilisi 1990tivaZe 1977: tivaZe T. - `saqarTvelo da ruseT - iranis 128. politikuri urTierToba XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi~ Tbilisi 1977tuRuSi 1988: tuRuSi a. - `Wyondidel episkoposTa 129. qronologiis garkvevisaTvis~ (XVII-XVIII ss.) - krebuli `egrisi~ Tbilisi 1988tyeSelaSvili 2007: tyeSelaSvili l. - `gelaTi, meore 130. ierusalimi, sxva aTina~ quTaisi 2007

272

tyeSelaSvili 2005: tyeSelaSvili l. - ̀ saqarTvelos mowame 131. mRvdelmTavarni dosiTeosi da efTvime - 1820 w.~ quTaisi 2005failoZe 1997: failoZe a. - `matiane xonisa~ w. 1, quTaisi 132. 1997failoZe 2003: failoZe a. - `matiane xonisa~ w. 2, baTumi 133. 2003qavTaria 1965: qavTaria m. - `daviT garejis literaturuli 134. skola~ Tbilisi 1965qarTveliSvili 2006: qarTveliSvili T. - `guriis 135. saepiskoposoebi~ Tbilisi 2006qoriZe 2000: qoriZe T. - àfxazeTis kaTolikosebi da 136. kaTolikos patriarqebi~ - wignSi `saqarTvelos kaTolikos - patriarqebi~ redaqtori r. metreveli Tbilisi 2000qoriZe 2003: qoriZe T. - ̀ afxazeTis sakaTalikosos istoria~ 137. avtoreferati Tbilisi 2003RambaSiZe 1888: RambaSiZe d. - `gaenaTis monasteri~ quTaisi 138. 1888yauxCiSvili 1948: yauxCiSvili s. - `gelTis akademia~ 139. Tbilisi 1948CakvetaZe 1958: CakvetaZe v. - `gelaTis akademia~ Tbilisi 140. 1958cincaZe 2010: cincaZe k. - ìstoriuli cnoba qarTuli 141. eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb~ - mwignobroba qarTuli t. 10, Tbilisi 2010 xuskivaZe 1990: xuskivaZe T. - ìmereTis mefe solomon II~ 142. quTaisi 1990xelaia 2011: xelaia a. `mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi~ - 143. mwignobroba qarTuli t. 12, Tb. 2011xuciSvili 2007: xuciSvili n. - ìerusalimis jvris 144. monastris miwaTmflobeloba saqarTveloSi~ Tbilisi 2007javaxiSvili 1984: javaxiSvili iv. `qarTuli samarTlis 145. istoria~ - Txzulebani Tormet tomad t. VII, Tbilisi 1984javaxiSvili 1977: javaxiSvili iv. - ìstoriis mizani, 146. wyaroebi da meTodebi winaT da axla~ - Txzulebani Tormet tomad t. VIII, Tbilisi 1977jafariZe 1996: jafariZea. - `saqarTvelos samociqulo 147. eklesiis istoria t. I, Tbilisi 1996jojua 2002: jojua T. - ̀ XII saukunis garejuli krebulis 148. erTi minaweri da afxazeTis ucnobi kaTalikosi barTlome~ - saqarTvelos siZveleni Tbilisi 2002

rawa-imeretis...

Documents