raymond e zvavanyange_african traditional leadership conference, november 14-15, 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Perspectives on the role and use
of indigenous knowledge systems
in rural and agricultural
development
Raymond Erick Zvavanyange
Zimbabwe
Amabhubhesi Training Centre
Randburg, Johannesburg,South Africa
November 15, 2014
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Is this one continent?
•Afrika vs. Africa
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Young people are the traditional
leaders of today and tomorrow
“When a knowledgeable old person dies, a
whole library disappears
(An old African Proverb)
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Outline
• Introduction
• Types and sources of knowledge
• Science and knowledge
• Indigenous knowledge
• Summary
• Implications
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Introduction
• Many types of knowledge in use in every day
life.
• Knowledge enriches people’s experience,
development, and progress as a society.
• Knowledge exists at the point of action
(Rukuni, 2014)
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What is Knowledge?
• “Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something which can include information, facts, descriptions, and /or skills acquired through experience or education.
• theoretical or practical understanding of a subject”
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
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Types of Knowledge
• Episteme (Scientific Knowledge) – explicit
• Techne (Skills and Craft Knowledge) – tacit
• Phronesis (Practical Wisdom) – high quality tacit
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Sources of knowledge Books Media e.g. newspapers
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Sources of knowledge [Cont]
Conferences and meetings Technology
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Features of Knowledge
• Practical aspect.
• Person bound or not
• Normative structure
• Internal networked
• Dynamic
• Institutional context
• External networked
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Science (and knowledge)
• Science is the ideas that humanity uses to
understand the world around it (Tsao, 2012)
• Science is the human social community in
which those ideas exist and which has, at
least, for the time being conquered earth
(Tsao, 2012)
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Science (and knowledge)
Of new believers and
beliefs
Of influence of believers and
beliefs
By shrinkage of influence of
believers and beliefs
Birth Growth Death
Source: Engineering the Ultimate Dynamical Social System : what we know and don’t know about how scientists do science, Jeff Tsao, December 5, 2012 Sandian National Laboratory, USA
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Science (and knowledge)
• The History of Science and Technology (2004) By Bryan Bunch with Alexander Hellemans
• Philosophy, as a precursor to Science in the Western World – Francis Bacon and the scientific method
• Discovery of the Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in the 1950’s.
• The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) by T.S. Kuhn– Paradigms
• [Agricultural] Modern Science – Reductionist and interdisciplinary science
– Science of science
– Team Science
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Indigenous Knowledge
• Indigenous knowledge is knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society (Manyatsi, 2011).
• Indigenous knowledge systems are defined in the context of innovation, technical knowledge, associated social organization and decision making processes (Brokenshaet al., 1980; Kidd and PhillipsHoward,1992).
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Variants of Indigenous Knowledge
• Traditional Ecological Knowledge
• Traditional Knowledge
• Local Ecological Knowledge
• Knowledge of Living
• Rural people’s knowledge
• Ethnobiology, ethnobotany, enthnozoology
• Ethno science, folk science, indigenous science
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Features of Indigenous Knowledge
• Collective rights and interests held by traditional communities.
• Close in interdependence between knowledge, land, and other aspects of culture in traditional societies.
• Oral transmission of knowledge in accordance with well understood cultural principles.
• Rules regarding secrecy and sacredness that govern the management of knowledge.
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Uses of Indigenous Knowledge
• To sustain the community.
• To facilitate communication among people coming from different backgrounds.
• To maintain, uphold and preserve culture.– Social capital
• To free the minds of people from stereotypes.– Independence
• To maintain genetic resources necessary for the continued survival of the community. – Succession – Sustainability
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Application of Indigenous
Knowledge • Traditional medicines
• Animal and crop production
• Education
• Hydrological disaster management
• Combating desertification
• Coping with climate variability
• Forest conservation
• Integrated pest management
• Plant and genetic resources management
• Fisheries management
• Environment management
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Summary
• Knowledge is generated anywhere (and rural areas are no exception).
• Indigenous knowledge has wide applications in rural and agriculture development.
• Indigenous knowledge helps people to conquer their environment.
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Implications
• The concept of K* is important in the creation
of new knowledge.
• The indigenous entrepreneur can explore the
options of wealth creation from indigenous
products.
• In order to assist farmers and give them
resilience, it is important to invest in new
knowledge, skill and practices.
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Last word
“If we observe two forms of knowledge latest
science tries to understand a whole from the
pieces while indigenous knowledge sees things
as wholes”
(Mohammad Saeed Lodhi and Imran Naseem,
2012)