re -engineering sdi design to support spatially enabled ... · re -engineering sdi design to...

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics

ReRe--engineering SDI Design to engineering SDI Design to Support Spatially Enabled Support Spatially Enabled

SocietySociety

Abbas RajabifardCentre for SDIs and Land Administration

Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne

INSPIRE ConferenceMaribor, Slovenija

23 June 2008


OBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATIONOBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATION

Introduce a new Vision “Spatially Enabled Society”-A Scenario for the

Future (explain SDI design, issues and trends to support this vision).


Spatial Enablement Spatial Enablement ––Experiences & ActivitiesExperiences & Activities

Convergence theme

GSDI 11 Conference

2009, NL

Centre forSDIs and LACentre for

SDIs and LA

Victorian State

Asia-PacificPCGIAP

AsiaAsia--PacificPacificPCGIAPPCGIAP

GSDIAssociation

GSDIAssociation

Victorian Spatial Council

Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010

UN Resolution

2006

SEG Working Group


Spatial information is an enabling technology/infrastructure for modern society.

SI describes the location of objects in the real world and the relationships between objects.

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsEmerging the Web with LocationEmerging the Web with Location

• 2006 75% of users looking for location/map and direction

• 2006 63% search for local-location of hotel, park, etc.

• 2006 25% people looking for location/information with mobile

• Web 2.0 & Location (the emerging of location)– www: what, where and when– L-Commerce is appreciated (Yahoo spend 5 billon on

the platform for advertising)(V. Tao, 2007)

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsWorldwide Advertising RevenueWorldwide Advertising Revenue

2006 ~$582 Billion

– 370 from paper Ads.– 151 from TV Ads.– 34 from Radio Ads.

– 27 from Online Ads .

(Microsoft Windows Software ~$15 Billion)

370, 63%

151, 26%

34, 6% 27, 5%

(V. Tao, 2007)

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsServices and Delivery ToolsServices and Delivery Tools

• Spatial Information can be a unifying medium –linking solutions to location.

• User demand has shift ed to seeking improvedservices and delivery tools. This will be achieved by creating an environment so that we can:

DeliverDeliverDeliver

people, places, services, businesses and points of interest

systems, services, businesses, partnerships and link with other industries

quality services, standards, frameworks

and what users want.

ConnectConnectConnect

LocateLocateLocate


Ready and timely access to spatial information – knowing where people and

assets are – is essential for the creation of wealth in any jurisdiction.

It is a critical tool for making informed decisions on key economic, environmental

and social issues.


Spatial Data is further shaped by the decision-making process to which it is subject

Spatial Spatial DataDataPeoplePeople InformationInformation

AccessAccessPolicy Policy

StandardsStandards

Decision Making ProcessDecision Making Process

Management / Administration underpinned by access to spatial information.

The Significance of Data?The Significance of Data?

(Adopted from Feeney 2003)


• Immature institutional arrangements

• Immature user/provider relationships

• Poor knowledge of data availability

• Difficulties in assessing data quality

• Inconsistent policies on data access and use

• Lack of best practice in the use of technologies

So Why the Problem?So Why the Problem?


Less than 5% understand the technology

95% do not understand the technology

Who understands place?Who understands place?

Less than 1% of people are specialists

The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care!

Society

DSE-SII 2006

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsSpatial Data InfrastructureSpatial Data Infrastructure

• SDI is all about facilitation and coordination of the exchange and sharingsharing of spatial data, services and related resources;

• SDIs constitute a set of relationships and partnerships that enableenable data sharing, update and integration (start where you are ready to start).

• Components -collection of people, policies, networked datasets and enabling technologies and services.


Global SDI

Regional SDI

National SDI

State SDI

Local SDI

Spatial Data InfrastructuresSpatial Data Infrastructures

Organisational SDI

Less detailed dataLess detailed data

Global Decisions

Regional Decisions

National Decisions

State Decisions

Local Decisions

More detailed Data

• Many groups working on same problemat different levels on the hierarchy.

• Success depends on intra- and inter- jurisdictional cooperation between individuals and agencies.

Strategic Planning & Decision Making

Organisational Decisions


Concepts &

Pr incipalsRelated initiatives & issues

Technical

Institutional &

ToolsStandards

Data, Platforms, Applications

PolicySDISDIPlatformPlatform

Spatial data: importance and challenges

SDI concept and principles

Spatially enabling society

SDI development strategiesand models

Silo problem ……

Data integration

Data integration models

Data integration web service

SDI and GoogleSDI and Virtual Earth

Seamless SDIMarine SDI

SDI and emergency management

GSDI, Digital Earth, Global Map, UNSD

SDI Governance

Spatial data management

SDI assessment models

Benchmarking

Managing RRRs

Capacity building

SDI & LA

SDI Road map

Financing

Policy and privacy issues

Legislation or collaboration

Development of appropriate policy

Custodianship,

collaboration and institutional arrangements

Partnerships

UML Modeling

Data models within SDI framework

Data Standards ICA, ISO, OGC

Metadata standards SDI and UML modelling

Data catalogue

Clearinghouse

Interoperability

Access and security

Web delivery services

Open Systems and Network

Spatial computing

Sensor network

Ubiquitous

Metadata

Metadata Entry ToolsStandards

Web services

XML, XML Schema, GML and SVG

Web Mapping Services (WMS, WFS WCS)

Visualization

ASSETTA

Spatially Enabled Property data

SDI related Tools

Visualization Tools and Models

Data Integration Tool

Content and ElementsContent and Elements

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsContinuum of SDI Continuum of SDI

DevelopmentDevelopment

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005 2008 Future1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005 2008 FutureFuture

Developing Countries

Emerging Economies

Product-BasedSDI development model

Process BasedSDI development model

National/Federal Government Influence –Data Focus

National/Federal Government Influence –Data Focus

National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Process Focus

National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Process Focus

1st Generation

Developed Countries

Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries

2nd Generation Towards the Next Generation

Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Strategic National focus

Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Strategic National focus

Delivery of a Virtual Environment in support of

spatial enablement of society as part of

an e-government strategy

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsImplementation Implementation –– DriversDrivers

• Increase effectiveness– Better access (reduce barriers)– New services– Exploit data better– Get data on time– Avoid duplication of data

• Increase efficiency– Avoid duplication of effort– Avoid duplication of infrastructure– Commodity access arrangements

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsConnecting Drivers with EnablersConnecting Drivers with Enablers

Data, Information & TechnologiesData, Information & Technologies

SDI Distribution NetworkSDI Distribution Network

ProjectsProjects

EnablingEnablingMechanismMechanism

SDI FrameworkSDI Framework

BusinessBusinessDriversDrivers

(Busby 2003)


distributed datasets

information & communication technologies

‘fundamental’ datasets

data access

custodianship

metadata

standards

policies

programs

What does the What does the Enabling Enabling Mechanism Do?Mechanism Do?


Less than 5% understand the technology


Who understands place?Who understands place?

Less than 1% of people are specialists

The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care!

Society

DSE-SII 2006



What isWhat isSpatially Enabled GovernmentSpatially Enabled Government--

SEG?SEG?• Location or place is used

– initially to organise government information,– then to re-engineer government processes to deliver

better policy outcomes,– Spatially enabled will ensure better productivity and

efficiency,

• Place is used in a transparent manner.• SEG means far better delivery of government

services and sustainability better decisions by government.

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsSpatial Information in SocietySpatial Information in Society

Spatial enablement of society and government

Spatial information policy

SDI

Spatial Data layers

Objects


Spatially Enabled Society Spatially Enabled Society –– A A Scenario for the FutureScenario for the Future

The ‘spatial enablement’ can reshapeour lives.

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsPossibilities provided by Spatial Possibilities provided by Spatial

EnablementEnablementSpatial enablement can contribute to dealing

with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges.

• Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’

• Policy & Administration• Public Safety• Utilities• Health• Sustainability and our environmental footprint• Land Administration• The economics of production• Consumption and choice

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsGovernance and Partnership BuildingGovernance and Partnership Building

DB DB

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsPossibilities provided by Spatial Possibilities provided by Spatial

EnablementEnablementSpatial enablement can contribute to dealing

with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges.

• Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’

• Policy & Administration• Public Safety• Utilities• Health• Sustainability and our environmental footprint• Land Administration• The economics of production• Consumption and choice


Business licenses

Hydrology

Owners’ names

Geology

Climate

Owners’

addresses

Owners’contact address

Business

entities

Heritage

Residents and or occupiers

Soil

Estates and interests

DCDB

Satellite images

Geographic Names

Geocoded

property

addresses

Habitat

Aerialphotos

Utilities

Topographic map archive

Body corporate rules

and responsibilities

Restricted sites

Parcel

Use, condition

and zoning

Burglary risksLandform (DTM)

Rates

Property

MortgagesDrainage

Transport

Access

Boundaries

Administrative boundariesResources

Water license

Topographic reference data sets

Image data

Geographicnames register

Photogrammetric

control archive

Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &NonNonNonNon----Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial

DataDataDataData

Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &Spatial &NonNonNonNonNonNonNonNon--------Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial

DataDataDataDataDataDataDataData

Spatial Data Infrastructures

SDIs

Spatial Data Spatial Data InfrastructuresInfrastructures

SDIsSDIs

Web Web Enabled AccessEnabled Access

LocationLocationBased PlatformsBased Platforms

EnablingEnablingTechnologyTechnology

Supported Functions

for Key Government and Business Activities

Supported Supported FunctionsFunctions

for Key Government and for Key Government and Business ActivitiesBusiness Activities

Policy makingPolicy making

Land development & planning Land development & planning

Transactions managementTransactions management

Activity managementActivity management

Emergency managementEmergency management

Land valuation & taxationLand valuation & taxation

Provision of utilities & servicesProvision of utilities & services

Transport and accessTransport and access

Farming & resource Farming & resource managementmanagement

Disclosure of restrictionsDisclosure of restrictions


1. Multipurpose Cadastre(German style)

1. Multipurpose Cadastre(German style)

2. Title or deedstenure stylecadastres

2. Title or deedstenure stylecadastres

3. Taxation driven

cadastre(Latin /Spanish /French)

3. Taxation driven

cadastre(Latin /Spanish /French)

Tenure

Value

Use

Development

Incorporating:

Land policy

SpatiallyenabledLAS

Services tobusinessandpublic

Countrycontext

Sustainabledevelopment- Economic- Environmental- Social- Governance

Cadastralengines…

Land managementparadigm

Spatially enabled

government

ParcelsPropertiesBuildingsRoads

Integrated functions

SDIMapping agencies and other data

providers

Better decision making

Significance of the cadastreSignificance of the cadastre


FutureFutureVisionVision

Time

Ach

ieve

men

t

Present

PastPaper Maps

Centralized archives

Isolated Computing stations

No standardization

Lack of Collaboration

others

Digital data

Computer networks

Web-based applications

Distributed services

Multi-disciplinary applications

??Internet

GISRemotely-sensed

data

Integrated data

managementEffe

ctive databases

ICT advancements


Time

Ach

ieve

men

t

Current

situatio

n

Past

Vision

Spatially-

enabled

Society

SpatiallySpatially--enablement stagesenablement stages

Every country has its own journey


Time

Ach

ieve

men

t

Current

situatio

n

Past

Vision

Spatially-

enabled

Society

Standardized

servi

ces

Policies

Standards

Simple user

interface

s

Web-service

s

Capacity building

Collaboration

Raising

awareness

Governors and

citize

ns

engagement

Governance and

leadership

SDI GovernanceSDI GovernanceOther E

xternal P

ressures


The role is to glue together the technology, organizations and information that comprise an SDI

The setting, application and enforcement of rules t hat determine how a group works together to achieve

common goals.

Processes and institutions to define and manage agreed policies, technologies, standards,practices, protocols & specifications and to monitor the SDI.

GovernanceGovernance

People

Technology

(Information) resources

GovernanceGovernance

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsGovernance contextsGovernance contexts

Societal governance

• purpose - to ensure improved outcomes in public goods and service delivery• scope – society• exercised by – state, increasing inclusive of on behalf of - society

• purpose - to direct, supervise, monitor operational management of corporation • scope – organisation• exercised by - board• on behalf of - organization owners/stakeholders• purpose - to enable inclusive effective decision-making about an organization’s IT resources• scope – organisation• exercised by - designated IT stakeholders• on behalf of - organizations managers and shareholders

Corporate governance

IT governance

SOA governance

• purpose - to support decision-making about design and operation of shared infrastructure• exercised by - designated stakeholders of an infrastructure • scope - within an organization• scope - increasingly across organizational and jurisdictional boundaries•on behalf of - stakeholders (operators, users)

SDI SDI governancegovernance

(Box 2008)


Spatial Enablement Spatial Enablement ––Experiences & ActivitiesExperiences & Activities

Convergence theme

GSDI 11 Conference, 2009, NL

Victorian StateAustralia

Asia-PacificPCGIAP

AsiaAsia--PacificPacificPCGIAPPCGIAP

GSDIAssociation

GSDIAssociation

Victorian Spatial Council

Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010

UN Resolution, 2006 for SEG and VSDI

SEG International Workshop, Korea 2007 (jointly with GSDI)

SEG Working Group

Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of GeomaticsVictorian Spatial Information Strategy 2008Victorian Spatial Information Strategy 2008--20102010

Spatially Enabled VictoriaSpatially Enabled Victoria

Elements :• governance• custodianship• framework information• business information• data quality• metadata• awareness• access• pricing and licensing• privacy• strategic development of

technology and applications

HighHigh

LowLow

HighLow

LowHigh

PrivatePublic

4 scenarios of the effects of different levels of private and public sector engagement:

HighHigh

LowLow

HighLow

LowHigh

PrivatePublic


17th United Nations RCC17th United Nations RCC --AP, Bangkok, AP, Bangkok, 1818--22 September 200622 September 2006

Resolution: SDI to support spatially enabled government

Recommendation: Member Nations develop a better understanding and pursue the principles of designing SDIs to support spatially enabled government.

Asia and the PacificAsia and the Pacific

GSDI PerspectiveGSDI PerspectiveGI Society: A Partner in GI Society: A Partner in Setting the Global AgendaSetting the Global Agenda

SDI

Convergence

SDI

Convergence

Canada

Americas

Africa

Asia / Pacific

Europe

SDI regions

FAO

Global society

UNISEF

Water Forum

World Bank

WHO

UN

Habitat

GSDI 11 ConferenceGSDI 11 Conference

The The NetherlandsNetherlands JuneJune 15 15 –– 19 200919 2009

GSDI 11 World Conference

Spatial Data Infrastructure Convergence:

Building SDI Bridges to Address Global Challenges

GSDI 11 ConferenceGSDI 11 Conference

The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009


VisionVision

Currentposition

Mapping Common Paths to achieve Mapping Common Paths to achieve thethe VisionVision

• Requires collective action

• Different groups working on different parts of the problem

• Together pieces provide potential paths to realising vision

• Knowledge managements is required

• Treated as integral part of SDI

To get from where we are now to where we want to be

To assist in collaborativemapping of possible re-usable common paths to a sharedvision:

To assist in collaborativemapping of possible re-usable common paths to a sharedvision:

Enables the past to be leveraged to achieve a future vision.


Thank youThank you

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