readme and update information hypercad...
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hyperCAD®-SReadme and update information
Copyright © 2018 OPEN MIND Technologies AG
The content of this documentation and the associated software are the property of OPEN MIND Technologies AG. No reproduction of any kindis permitted without the prior consent of OPEN MIND Technologies AG.
All rights reserved.
As we constantly develop our products, we reserve the right to make changes without notice.
This readme and update information apply to hyperCAD®-S, which is the CAD platform for hyperMILL®, hyperMILL® SHOP Viewer and hy-perCAD®-S Viewer.
Last updated: 18 January 2019
hyperCAD® and hyperMILL® are registered trademarks of OPEN MIND Technologies AG. Windows and Windows products are registeredtrademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Google Chrome is a Google Inc. product.
All other brand and product names are registered trademarks of their respective owners.
OPEN MIND Technologies AG
Argelsrieder Feld 5
82234 Wessling
Germany
Tel.: (+49-8153) 933-500
Fax: (+49-8153) 933-501
E-mail: <[email protected]>
Web: www.openmind-tech.com
Table of Contents1. Readme .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Release 2019.1 SP1 ......................................................................................................................... 2Release 2019.1 ................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Information on direct interfaces ................................................................................................................ 4Supported versions ........................................................................................................................... 4New functions and troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 5
3. Extract from the documentation ................................................................................................................ 6File operations ................................................................................................................................. 6
File ........................................................................................................................................ 6Merge ............................................................................................................................ 6Compare and merge ......................................................................................................... 6
Default settings ................................................................................................................................ 6Solid editing options .................................................................................................................. 6
View and tags .................................................................................................................................. 7Entity display ........................................................................................................................... 7
Global transparency on / off ................................................................................................ 7Select and snap ............................................................................................................................... 7
Select entities .......................................................................................................................... 7Select parent entity ........................................................................................................... 7Select child entity only ....................................................................................................... 7
Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 8Attributes ................................................................................................................................ 8
Create bounding box ......................................................................................................... 8Check .................................................................................................................................... 9
Isolate mating .................................................................................................................. 9Face spherical ................................................................................................................ 10
Workplane ..................................................................................................................................... 13Create workplane .................................................................................................................... 13
On V-sketch ................................................................................................................... 13Edit and modify ............................................................................................................................... 13
Edit ...................................................................................................................................... 13Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................... 13Copy attributes ............................................................................................................... 14Group / ungroup .............................................................................................................. 14Mating ........................................................................................................................... 15
Points, curves and faces ................................................................................................................... 16Drafting ................................................................................................................................. 16
Ellipse ........................................................................................................................... 16Curves .................................................................................................................................. 17
Offset ............................................................................................................................ 17Offset on face ................................................................................................................. 18
V-sketch ........................................................................................................................................ 18Create / modify ....................................................................................................................... 18
Design electrodes ............................................................................................................................ 19Electrode options .................................................................................................................... 19Create reference system ........................................................................................................... 20Create ................................................................................................................................... 20
NC programming ............................................................................................................................. 21hyperMILL® overview ............................................................................................................... 21hyperMILL® ............................................................................................................................ 21
View toolpath .................................................................................................................. 21Toolpath properties .......................................................................................................... 22
Adaptive construction ............................................................................................................... 22Global fitting ................................................................................................................... 22
Dimensions and labels ............................................................................................................. 22Text line ........................................................................................................................ 23Ordinates ....................................................................................................................... 23
hyperCAD®-S
With hyperCAD®-S, OPEN MIND has developed its own CAD system that is perfectlysuited to hyperMILL® and is designed to fully meet the requirements of CAM users.Whether users are working with meshes, faces or solids to create precise compo-nents and tools – hyperCAD®-S always provides the right answer.
A lot of work has been invested in the functionality for hyperCAD®-S 2019.1. This isreflected in various commands that are available. Polylines can now be handled inthe same way as any other curve. The V-sketch technology has been completely opti-mised again on the programming side. Very practical new features have been added.This includes the construction of ellipses, the dimensioning of ordinates or improve-ments in the way bounding boxes are generated, for example, with minimal volumes.
hyperCAD®-S is CAD for CAM!
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1. ReadmeThe following information refers to the hyperCAD®-S software and further products basedon hyperCAD®-S such as hyperMILL® SHOP Viewer and hyperCAD®-S Viewer.
Release 2019.1 SP1The following issues have been resolved:
Direct interfaces: The new versions SOLIDWORKS 2019 and Parasolid 31 are supported.
Electrodes: Target position with Z-value rounding and C-angle rotation now also work whenthe Z-axis of the world workplane and the Z-axis of the reference system are not parallel.
Electrodes: The collision check has been improved for virtual electrodes.
Electrodes: A crash has been fixed for Measuring marker value and Measuring reductiondepth. The minimum value for both is now 0.01 mm.
Matings: A crash has been fixed in copy & paste for the contraint Concentric.
Matings: A problem has been fixed during redefining the constraint Point-Plane on a stockmodel.
Booleans: A problem has been fixed in the command Interactive mode.
Release 2019.1Information on changes and additions not described in the following extract from the soft-ware documentation:
IMPORTANTMicrosoft Windows 10 automatically resets the NVIDIA graphics cardglobal settings to "Base profile" after updating the graphics card driver.That inappropriate profile for hyperCAD®-S causes crashes of the soft-ware. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to check whether the profile"3D App-Visual Simulation" is still set after a Microsoft update.
The administrator can exclude an automatic update of the driver in theMicrosoft Windows Group Policy or he can integrate the software sys-temchecktool.exe with every Windows login, so that a check of thecomputer is carried out regularly.
Polyline entity: Entities of the polyline type can be modified in the same way as all othercurves, for example, using Automatic trim, Split curve or by snapping positions on a poly-line.
Shapes → Linear sweep: A warning is issued if the additional faces generated for the transi-tions are twisted.
Edit → Group / ungroup: The dialogue has been revised once more.
Drafting → Text: The parameters selected in the options for font size, font name and fontcolour are retained.
In Curves → Offset and Curves → Offset on face, the option Invert all has been renamed toAll.
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In Edit → Mating, the UI term Mating type has been changed to Constraints.
Electrodes → Electrode options: The Z direction has now been added to rounding ( Geome-try → Target position → To round), for all reference positions, except for those on the elec-trode tip. When the value for rounding is changed, the size of the raw material is modifiedimmediately in the Z direction. The Direction to rotate electrode for derivation option hasbeen renamed to Rotation axis for derivation. The C angle interval type option has been re-named to EDM C angle interval type.
Electrodes → Export reports: The start position, target position and clearance position havebeen divided into individual columns for X, Y and Z (clearance position is Z max workpiece +clearance plane offset). Clearance plane for machine/workpiece, clearance plane offset val-ue, EDM priority and the maximum magazine positions have also been added. Columns forelectrode holders and EDM surface area have been added to the raw material summary.
Print: The last values entered in title blocks remain in the same document between worksessions. TAGs, which are linked to the model in the title block and have values assignedto them, are stored permanently for Print.
Extend / shorten face: An automatic repair takes place for short C0 edges under Boundary.
hyperMILL® SHOP Viewer: The Drafting and Curves toolbars are additionally available. TheAnalysis toolpath and View toolpath commands in the hyperMILL submenus are new addi-tions.
In hyperMILL → tools, the import and export of TDM Systems tools has been divided intoone command for imports and one command for exports.
Help information is output in a browser in HTML5 format. For this purpose, the software as-signed in the operating system to the *.html file extension is called. If the file extension isto be assigned to another browser software, it is advisable to use the omAppSet-tingsX64.exe software under ...\Info Center\.... In this way, the assignment onlyapplies to OPEN MIND software. The assignment for other software on the computer re-mains unchanged.
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2. Information on direct interfaces
Supported versionsThe following CAD models can currently be imported and/or exported (depending on the li-cence purchased):
Product File type Up to version
CATIA V4 *.model 4.2.4
*.exp 4.2.4
CATIA V5 *.CATpart 6R2018 (R28)
*.CATproduct 6R2018 (R28)
*CGR
PTC Creo Parametric *.prt 4.0 F000
*.asm 4.0 F000
PTC Creo *.xpr 5.0
*.xas 5.0
Siemens NX *.prt NX12.0
Parasolid *.x_t 31
*.x_b 31
SOLIDWORKS *.sldprt 2019
*.sldasm 2019
Autodesk® Inventor® 2019
JT-Open *.jt 10.2
IGES *.igs, *.iges 5.2, 5.3
STEP *.stp, *.step AP 203 (ISO 10303-203) "Configuration controlled 3D design of me-chanical parts and assemblies"
AP 214 (ISO 10303-214) "Core data for automotive mechanical designprocesses"
AP 242 (ISO 10303-242) „Managed model-based 3D engineering“
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New functions and troubleshootingThe Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) option in File → Open → Settings for theimport of CATIA-V5 data is at the BETA development stage. The functionality is still limited.
• For linear dimensions/tolerances, there is no information concerning whether a dimensionis specified in inches.
• In the case of feature control frames for shape and position tolerances with several rows,only the first row is rendered.
• Roughness information is not adapted to the view. This may be hidden by the geometry.
Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI): Ordinate dimensions can be imported.
The commands at the bottom edge of the dialogue can be used to save and load all optionsand settings:
• Reset: Restores the factory system settings.• Save settings: Save all settings locally.• Load settings: The local user settings are loaded and updated with the company settings.
Polylines are saved in *.iges and *.step as NURBS with degree = 1.
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3. Extract from the documentationInformation on new commands and additions, as an extract from the software documenta-tion:
File operationsFileMerge
Open files with different file formats and merge the data into the current docu-ment.
File → Merge
TOOL Builder
Group entities: Collect entities into a group when transferring.
Compare and merge
Compare processing states and optionally transfer modified geometric entities.
File → Compare and merge
PrecisionTolerance: Two entities to be compared are considered to be different if the check positionscalculated by the software differ so much that they are no longer located within a still per-missible distance from each other. Enter a value for this maximum permissible deviation.
TessellationThe comparison of NURBS faces can take place based on the actual existing tessellation ofthe faces or based on a new (more precise) tessellation to be calculated over all NURBSfaces. In this way, consolidate the check for NURBS faces.
Tolerance: Enter a tessellation tolerance for a finer tessellation of the NURBS faces.
TypesCurves: Compare curves.
Edges: Compare solid edges.
Polylines: Compare polylines.
Default settingsSolid editing options
Influence the behaviour during direct modelling and when modifying solids.
File → Options → Solid editing options
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More options
Enable direct editing: Switch the direct modelling of solids on or off. In the commandsMove / Copy or, for example, Offset, the shape of all other faces and features, which arelinked to the selected entities, is adjusted automatically.
Icon in the upper toolbar
View and tagsEntity displayGlobal transparency on / off
Display materials of the model in transparent mode.
View → Global transparency on / off
Display all materials for faces and meshes of the document in transparent mode . Thetransparency is temporary and is not saved as well.
Use the Model graphic → Global material library transparency → Factor (%) option of theOptions / properties command to specify the intensity of this cross-material transparency asa percentage.
Select and snapSelect entitiesSelect parent entity
By selecting an entity inside, the parent entity (solid, group, V-sketch, feature) is selected.
Select the feature to which the child entity belongs.
Context menu → Select feature
Select the V-sketch to which the child entity belongs.
Context menu → Select V-sketch
Select child entity onlyBy selecting an entity inside a closed parent entity (solid, group, V-sketch, feature), the enti-ty is automatically opened for a selection inside and only the chosen entity itself is selected.
In a solid, only select the chosen child entity.
Context menu → Select inside solid
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In a group, only select the chosen child entity.
Context menu → Select inside group
In a feature, only select the chosen child entity.
Context menu → Select inside feature
In a V-sketch, only select the chosen child entity.
Context menu → Select inside V-sketch
AnalysisAttributesCreate bounding box
Create boundary entities.
Analysis → Create bounding box
SelectMinimize volume: Minimise the volume. For this purpose, the best fit is calculated for the X /Y alignment of a cuboid. In the case of a cylinder, a minimal volume is achieved by chang-ing the position of the centre line. The Z alignment is not considered.
Entity type
Points: Generate a middle point for each side as the intersection point of the diagonals ofthe cuboid or the central axis with the shell of the cylinder IV . Convenient for positioning areference system for NC programming.
Cuboid
Precise: The size of the cuboid in X, Y and Z is displayed, as determined by the selectedentities.
Volume: Displays the volume.
Offset: Influence the size of the cuboid with an offset in positive or negative X, Y and Z di-rection. Enter values for the required directions 4 5 .
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CylinderGenerate a bounding box in the shape of a cylinder. In addition to the offset, the size of thecylinder is also the result of the selected direction and the origin for the centre line of thecylinder 6 .
Precise: The size of the cylinder is displayed in radius 7 and height 8 , as determined bythe selected entities.
Offset: Influence the size of the cylinder with an offset on the circumference 9 , in positive10 or negative direction 11 of the centre line.
Volume: Displays the volume.
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CheckIsolate mating
Display entities and their matings determined by constraints between them andhighlight in the model tree.
Analysis → Isolate mating
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Display entities and their matings determined by constraints between them 3 and highlightin the model tree.
The command can also be called directly from the context menu in the model tree. For thispurpose, select the mating to be examined.
It is also possible to Delete matings and change matings with the Change parameters com-mand directly from the context menu in the model tree if the command is active. Constraintsare highlighted using Alternate highlight colour 1. Matings and assigned entities are auto-matically visible in the model tree even if the display in the command Options / properties →Model structure → Entities to show, Mating option, for example, is disabled.
Zoom: Display jumps directly to the entity.
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SelectEntity: Select an entity in the graphics area or in the model tree. 1 . All entities that haveconstraints between them remain visible. All other entities are shown in transparent mode inthe graphics area and are hidden in the model tree on the Model tab. Only the matings thatexist for this entity are shown in the model tree.
Constraints: Select one or more matings for further analysis from the existing matings in themodel tree 2 .
Face spherical
Analyse face radii in relation to a ball diameter.
Analysis → Face spherical
Analyse face radii in relation to a ball diameter (as a simplification of a ball milling tool).
The tooltip displays the values at the cursor position. A sphere visualises the geometry val-ues determined at the position of the mouse 2 .
Orientation: Invert the direction of the face normal for the analysis 6 . The shape couldhave a face normal direction that is contrary to the required analysis direction, so that theresults can be inverted. Perform the analysis for faces that are arched to the ‘outside’ or forfaces that are arched to the ‘inside’.
Diameter / radius: Switch between the radius and diameter analysis.
Extract curves: Delineate the areas determined using the Less than option with entities ofthe curve polyline type 9 .
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SelectFaces: Select the faces 1 . The number of selected entities is displayed.
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Colour mapAnalyse all radii of curved faces A . Planar faces and single convex faces are automaticallyexcluded from the analysis. The are shown in dark pink.
The X axis shows a colour map and assigns a colour to each value in the analysis area. Onthe analysed faces, a colour symbolises the value assigned to it. The Y axis provides quali-tative information about the scope of the respective value in relation to all of the determinedvalues. A thin, vertical line shows the analysed position.
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Min. and Max. show at the start of the analysis the determined minimum and maximum val-ues of the selected geometry for the selected orientation 3 .
Min.: Enter a value for the sphere size (for example, a minimum radius of an available mill-ing tool) for which to perform the analysis. Areas that are no longer accessible are dis-played in dark grey 4 .
Max.: Select a maximum value to limit the analysis area of the geometry for large radii, out-side of chamfer courses. If the determined sphere size is larger than the Max. value to beanalysed, the sphere will be displayed in red. Areas that are no longer analysed are dis-played in light grey 5 .
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Use Reset to set a restricted analysis area to its original size. After modifying the orienta-tion, reconfigure the analysis area.
The analyses in Simplified and Colour map are separate. The entries do not influence eachother.
SimplifiedSphere size: Enter a radius or diameter for the analysis B .
Two areas can be determined as the analysis result.
Equal to or greater than: The area can be reached via the sphere, in other words, can bepotentiality worked on by a tool with this diameter 7 . Select the colour for highlighting thesurfaces.
Less than: The area cannot be reached via a sphere, in other words, could not be fullyworked on by a tool with this diameter 8 . Select the colour for highlighting the surfaces.
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The analyses in Simplified and Colour map are separate. The entries do not influence eachother.
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WorkplaneCreate workplaneOn V-sketch
Restore workplane that was current when a V-sketch was generated.
Workplane → On V-sketch
Generate a workplane with the information on the origin and X axis direction that was selec-ted for generating the V-sketch. Select the V-sketch 1 .
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Edit and modifyEditSpreadsheet
Manage and calculate variables.
Edit → Spreadsheet
Defining variablesVariable names may consist of letters of the Roman alphabet and Arabic numerals. A varia-ble must always begin with a letter. A distinction is made between upper and lower case.Space characters, tabs and line breaks may not be used in variables and formulas. Special
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characters, such as ()[]{}.,<>;'~*+-=/\\\"^!?#, are also forbidden in variablenames.
Copy attributes
Modify entities by transferring the attributes of an entity.
Edit → Copy attributes
Attributes that define the style of a dimension are transferred. These include the styles fordriven text, arrow heads, measure lines, format and position of the measure text or num-bers, linear units and tolerances, angular dimensions and tolerances or leader line tails.
Group / ungroup
Group entities into a group within the model structure or separate them from agroup.
Edit → Group / ungroup
TargetNew: Generate a new group with the name specified under Name. All selected entities willbe assigned A .
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Target group: Incorporate selected entities into an existing group B . In the model structureon the Model tab, click the group name with the left mouse button 2 . The selected entitiesare assigned to this group or moved to this group from their previous group.
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Extract: Extract selected entities from a group C .
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New groupName: Enter a name for a new group.
Mating
Mate faces, groups and solids and define the relationship between them.
Edit → Mating
SelectSecond entity: Select a second fixed entity. The entity type depends on the mating type. Itis usually a face, but may also be a point or a position, as in the case of the point-planeconstraint.
Relationships
Point-Plane The selected plane is arranged in such a way that theselected point, mesh vertex point or the selected posi-tion is located on the plane.
H
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Points, curves and facesDraftingEllipse
Generate an ellipse.
Drafting → Ellipse
Generate an ellipse using two axes for the minimum and maximum diameter of the ellipse.
To change an existing entity, double-click the entity with the left mouse button or select theentity and choose the Change parameters command on the context menu.
ModesPoint: Select or snap a point or a position for the intersection point of the two axes 1 .
First axis: Select length for major radius of the main axis 2 .
Second axis: Select length for minor radius of the secondary axis 3 .
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RotationRotate the ellipse. At 0° the main axis lies parallel to the X axis of the current workplane.
Angle: Select an angle 4 .
Direction: Align the main axis parallel to a straight entity 5 .
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Curves
Offset
Create a curve with an offset to an initial curve.
Curves → Offset
CopiesGenerate curves repeatedly at the distance selected with Offset. Enter the number of repe-titions 8 .
Symmetric: Generate curves in both alignments, ‘inside’ as well as ‘outside’ 9 .
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Offset on face
Create offset curves on faces.
Curves → Offset on faces
CopiesGenerate curves repeatedly at the distances selected with the offset values. Enter the num-ber of repetitions 7 .
Symmetric: Generate curves in both alignments, ‘inside’ as well as ‘outside’ 8 .
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V-sketchCreate / modify
Create or modify V-sketch.
Drafting → V-sketch → Create / modify
NOTEWhen making changes, the X direction cannot be adapted. It is only pos-sible to select a new Origin.
ReferenceCurve: Use additional curves, which do not belong to the model contour, as a reference forthe dimensioning within the V-sketch. Select the entities 5 . The number of selected entitiesis displayed. The line type for these entities is changed to dash-dot.
If entities, which are not drawn in the ‘continuous line’ line type, exist under Select → Enti-ties, these entities are automatically suggested as a reference.
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Example 1. Change based on reference
Change the position of a hole, based on a reference curve not belonging to the model con-tour. For this purpose, generate a dimensional constraint and change the value.
Design electrodesElectrode options
Select default settings for electrodes.
File → Options → Electrode options
Electrode
Reference
Separator in names: Default setting for a separator in names, for example, electrodenames.
The reduction bottom edge 8 may also be selected as the reference position of the elec-trode.
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Z
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Create reference system
Create a positional reference between the workpiece and electrodes.
Electrodes → Create reference system
Electrode
Clearance plane offset: Add an offset to the highest determined Z value of the workpiecegeometry in order to safely guarantee the movement of the eroding machine from one posi-tion to another position. Enter a value 3 .
EDM Safety plane
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Create
Create electrode.
Electrodes → Create
Electrode
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Electrode shapeFaces: Select faces for the electrode geometry 4 . When switching from Contour to Faces,the last value used in the dialogue for Geometry → Min. Tangent extension is restored.
NC programminghyperMILL® overview
Icon Path to function Purpose
hyperMILL → Analysis toolpath → Toolpathproperties
Analyse toolpaths.
hyperMILL → View toolpath → ... Control the display of toolpaths.
hyperMILL → Tools → Import TDM Systemstools
Import tools from the TDM Systems tool database.
hyperMILL → Tools → Export TDM Systemstools
Export tools to the TDM Systems tool database.
hyperMILL®
View toolpath
Show toolpath
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Show all
Hide toolpath
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Hide / show
Only show the toolpath segments with G0 movements.
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Show G0 only
Only show the toolpath segments with G1 movements.
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Show G1 only
If they exist, display the tool vectors in the toolpath points.
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Tool vector on / off
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Show the toolpath points.
hyperMILL → View toolpath → Toolpath points on / off
Toolpath properties
Analyse toolpaths.
hyperMILL → Analysis toolpath → Toolpath properties
Shortcut menu → Toolpath properties
Display coordinate values of toolpath points in relation to a reference coordinate system.Show tool vectors in any toolpath point. Display feedrate, spindle speed and sequentialnumber for each toolpath point. Show the job name for a toolpath. Show the direction ofmovement at the start and end point and at the toolpath points within the toolpath.
SelectThe analysis can be performed for toolpath points.
Jobinfo: Display the name of the toolpath from the job information in the graphics area.
Directions: Display the direction of the machining in the graphics area – an arrow is shownon the toolpath point.
Vectors: Display the tool vectors for 5-axis orientations in toolpath points in the graphicsarea.
Entities to measurePoint: Select a toolpath point. Use the arrow buttons to go to the next or previous toolpathpoint.
Reference coordinate systemSpecify a coordinate system for the analysis. Select from NCS, Frame and WP.
Analysis result.The analysis results are listed.
Adaptive constructionGlobal fitting
Join multiple free-form or analytical faces into a face.
Shapes → Global fitting
NURBS outputThe Min. continuity is limited to a maximum of C1. Select between 0 or 1. Max. patchesmust be at least 3.
Dimensions and labelsIn terms of function, this associative dimension that can be used for V-sketches must bedistinguished from the usable dimension, in which case a modification to the measure willadjust the geometry automatically.
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Text line
Enter or modify a line of text along a reference entity.
Drafting → Text line
TextEnter or modify a line of text. The entry remains temporarily in the selection list for reuseuntil the document is exited.
Ordinates
Dimension perpendicular distances starting from an origin point. Dimension aseries of angles starting from a 0° angle.
Drafting → Ordinates
Implement progressive dimensioning, for example, to define the position of recurring fea-tures.
Dimension perpendicular distances starting from an origin point. Dimension a series of an-gles starting from a 0° angle. The measure lines are automatically kept coincident.
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ReferencesOrigin: Select point 0.00 for the dimensioning of distances 1 .
Centre: Select intersection point for the reference lines for dimensioning angles. 2 .
Target: Select a series of points or snap positions 3 .
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MeasureDistance: Dimension a series of distances starting from an origin point A .
Angle: Dimension a series of angles starting from a 0° angle B .
Alignment of the distanceFor Measure → Distance, specify whether the distances should be applied in a horizontal orvertical direction.
Horizontal: Apply distances horizontally. Place the measure line at the required position 4 .
Vertical: Apply distances vertically. Place the measure line at the required position 5 .
Angle 0°For Measure → Angle, specify whether the angle dimension with 0° should begin in the + Xaxial direction or the + Y axial direction.
X axis: Angle 0° in X axial direction 6 .
Y axis: Angle 0° in Y axial direction 7 .
Further optionsSpecify the attributes of Arrow head, Reference line, Measure position, Measure text, Unitsof Measure and Tolerances as well as General.
Context menuThe Move ordinate and Edit ordinate commands on the context menu can be used to modi-fy ordinate dimensions. If an existing ordinate is selected as the Origin, a new additionalmeasure is aligned in the same way as the existing ordinate.
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