ready to share: fashion and the commons by johanna blakley
DESCRIPTION
More than any other industry, fashion treats most of its creative output as a commons - shared resources that can be freely reused, recreated and recombined. How does the fashion industry manage to thrive with virtually no copyright protection?TRANSCRIPT
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Title
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Intellectual property in the fashion industry
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Trademark protection
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Trademark as design
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Apparel design is too utilitarian to qualify for copyright
protection
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Too utilitarian?
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The triumph of the creative commons
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An open creative process
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Copying & trends
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Trendsetters
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Trend spotters
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The street
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Fast fashion
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The fashion industry is thriving
• Annual sales in the U.S. fashion industry increased from $130 billion to over $214 in the past decade
• Americans purchase over $13.8 billion worth of clothing ONLINE each year
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Why hasn’t copying destroyed the
fashion industry?
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The virtues of copying
• Democratization of fashion
• Faster establishment of global trends
• Induced obsolescence
• Acceleration in creative innovation
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Innovative knock-offs
“Jelly Kelly”
Miu Miu Knock-off
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Effects on the creative process
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Making something too difficult to copy
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Incentives to not copy
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Fashion designers = comedians?
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Heterogeneous not homogenous
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Self-copying
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Fashion’s creative commons
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International Comparisons
• Is the fashion industry’s creative commons unique to the U.S.?
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Japan
• Japanese Design Law covers apparel, but the novelty standard is extremely high.
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European Union
• Community design system: apparel is protected, with a less stringent novelty standard than Japan. But very few designers register their garments or take their cases to court. Why?
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How do we establish standards for “novelty?”
In the EU, the novelty standard is too low.
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Cuisine
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Automobiles
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Furniture
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Magic Tricks
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Hairstyles
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Open source software
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Computer databases
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Tattoos
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Comedy
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Fireworks
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Games
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Perfume
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In the U.S., fashion isn’t the only thriving low-IP industry
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What can commons-based industries teach us?
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Between idea and expression
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Dueling forces in intellectual property
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Suggestions for research
• Identify best practices
• Look at the bottom line
• Foster multidisciplinary research
• Protect low-IP industries from protection
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The End