Realidades 3Realidades 3

CapCapítulo 2 Aítulo 2 A

Los Participios PasadosLos Participios Pasados

Estar + el participio pasadoEstar + el participio pasado

la pla página 79ágina 79

To form the past To form the past participle of participle of regular verbsregular verbs……

drop the –drop the –ARAR of the ––ARAR infinitive and add –ADOADO..

hablhablasustasustdecordecor

arararararar

hablhablasustasustdecordecor

(spoken)(spoken)

(frightened)(frightened)

(decorated)(decorated)

adoadoadoadoadoado

drop the –drop the –ERER of the ––ERER infinitive and add –IDOIDO..

conocconocaprendaprendperdperd

erererer

erer

conocconocaprendaprendperdperd

(known)(known)

(learned)(learned)

(lost, wasted)(lost, wasted)

idoidoidoido

idoido

drop the –drop the –IRIR of the ––IRIR infinitive and add –IDOIDO..

preferpreferdormdormirir

iriririr

irir

preferprefer

dormdorm

(preferred)(preferred)

(slept, asleep)(slept, asleep)

(gone)(gone)

idoido

idoidoidoido

Expresa el participioExpresa el participio

pasado de estos pasado de estos

verbos regulares.verbos regulares.

toctocarar

toctocadoado(played, touched)(played, touched)

cantcantarar

cantcantadoado(sung)(sung)

ddarar

ddadoado(given)(given)

ensayensayarar

ensayensayadoado(rehearsed)(rehearsed)

practicpracticarar

practicpracticadoado(practiced)(practiced)

sentsentarar

sentsentadoado(seated)(seated)

entrenentrenarar

entrenentrenadoado(trained)(trained)

alcanzalcanzarar

alcanzalcanzadoado(reached)(reached)

elimineliminarar

elimineliminadoado(eliminated)(eliminated)

impresionimpresionarar

impresionimpresionadoado(impressed)(impressed)

apagapagarar

apagapagadoado(turned off)(turned off)

animanimarar

animanimadoado(excited)(excited)

preocuppreocuparar

preocuppreocupadoado(worried, preoccupied)(worried, preoccupied)

ocupocuparar

ocupocupadoado(busy, occupied)(busy, occupied)

cerrcerrarar

cerrcerradoado(closed)(closed)

paspasarar

paspasadoado(past)(past)

comcomerer

comcomidoido(eaten)(eaten)

sucedsucederer

sucedsucedidoido(happened)(happened)

aparecaparecerer

aparecaparecidoido(appeared)(appeared)

tentenerer

tentenidoido(had)(had)

obtenobtenerer

obtenobtenidoido(obtained, gotten)(obtained, gotten)

encendencenderer

encendencendidoido(turned on;lit)(turned on;lit)

torctorcerer

torctorcidoido(twisted, sprained)(twisted, sprained)

vencvencerer

vencvencidoido(beaten)(beaten)

podpoderer

podpodidoido(been able)(been able)

salsalirir

salsalidoido(left, gone out, come out)(left, gone out, come out)

influinfluirir

influinfluidoido(influenced)(influenced)

destrudestruirir

destrudestruidoido(destroyed)(destroyed)

aplaudaplaudirir

aplaudaplaudidoido(applauded)(applauded)

pedpedirir

pedpedidoido(asked for, requested)(asked for, requested)

servservirir

servservidoido(served)(served)

vestvestirir

vestvestidoido(dressed)(dressed)

aburraburririr

aburraburridoido(estar aburrido = to be bored;(estar aburrido = to be bored; ser aburrido = to be boring)ser aburrido = to be boring)

seguseguirir

seguseguidoido(followed;continued)(followed;continued)

irir

idoido(gone)(gone)

Irregular Past ParticiplesIrregular Past Participles

Unfortunately, these Unfortunately, these must be must be memorizedmemorized..

abrirabrir

abiertoabierto (open, opened)(open, opened)

ponerponer

puestopuesto (put, placed, set)(put, placed, set)

hacerhacer

hechohecho (done, made)(done, made)

romperromper

rotoroto (broken)(broken)

decirdecir

dichodicho (said, told)(said, told)

verver

vistovisto (seen)(seen)

volvervolver

vueltovuelto (returned ((returned (to a placeto a place))))

devolverdevolver

devueltodevuelto (returned ((returned (an iteman item))))

resolverresolver

resueltoresuelto (resolved, solved)(resolved, solved)

morirmorir

muertomuerto (died, dead)(died, dead)

escribirescribir

escritoescrito (written)(written)

inscribirinscribir

inscritoinscrito (registered, signed up)(registered, signed up)

descubrirdescubrir

descubiertodescubierto (discovered)(discovered)

OOften past ften past participles are used participles are used as as adjectives.adjectives.

RRemember that emember that adjectives adjectives modify nouns…modify nouns…

……and must agree and must agree in in 1. 1. gender and gender and 2. 2. number with number with the noun.the noun.

These adjectives are These adjectives are highly descriptive, highly descriptive, and are placed and are placed after after the modified the modified noun.noun.

una puerta abiertauna puerta abierta

an open (ed) dooran open (ed) door

unas tareas escritasunas tareas escritas

some written assignmentssome written assignments

el libro preferidoel libro preferido

the preferredthe preferred

(favorite) book(favorite) book

los nilos niños animadosños animados

the excited childrenthe excited children

¡A ti te toca!¡A ti te toca!Your turn!Your turn!

Expresa en espaExpresa en español loñol lo

siguiente…siguiente…

a decorated rooma decorated room

un cuarto decoradoun cuarto decorado

the solved the solved problemproblem

el problema resueltoel problema resuelto

the past weekthe past week

la semana pasadala semana pasada

the written the written assignmentassignment

la tarea escritala tarea escrita

the broken potterythe broken pottery

la cerla cerámica rotaámica rota

an inspired workan inspired work

una obra inspiradauna obra inspirada

some seated some seated studentsstudents

unos estudiantesunos estudiantes

sentadossentados

The past participle is often used with The past participle is often used with estarestar to describe conditions that are the to describe conditions that are theresult of a previous action, result of a previous action, temporary condition, location or temporary condition, location or emotional state.emotional state.

The past participle agrees with the The past participle agrees with the subject in 1. gender and 2. number.subject in 1. gender and 2. number.

The painter is seated.The painter is seated.

El pintor estEl pintor está sentado.á sentado.

modelos:modelos:

The walls are painted.The walls are painted.Las paredes están pintadas.Las paredes están pintadas.

Expresa en espaExpresa en español:ñol:

The problem is solved.The problem is solved.

El problema estEl problema está resuelto.á resuelto.

El problema estabaEl problema estaba

resueltoresuelto..

The problem was The problem was solved.solved.

La tienda estLa tienda está abierta.á abierta.

The store is open.The store is open.

La tienda estLa tienda está cerrada.á cerrada.

The store is closed.The store is closed.

Las estatuas estLas estatuas están án

rotas.rotas.

The statues are The statues are broken.broken.

Everyone is bored.Everyone is bored.

Todos estTodos están aburridos.án aburridos.

The lights were The lights were turned on.turned on.

Las luces estabanLas luces estaban

encendidasencendidas..

The lights were The lights were turned off.turned off.

Las luces estabanLas luces estaban

apagadasapagadas..

The room is The room is decorated.decorated.

El cuarto estEl cuarto está á

decorado.decorado.

The students were The students were asleep.asleep.

Los estudiantes Los estudiantes

estaban dormidosestaban dormidos..

The gifts were hidden.The gifts were hidden.

Los regalos estabanLos regalos estaban

escondidosescondidos..

The money was lost.The money was lost.

El dinero estaba perdidoEl dinero estaba perdido..

I was busy.I was busy.

Estaba ocupado (a)Estaba ocupado (a)..

We were worried.We were worried.

EstEstáábamos preocupadosbamos preocupados

(as)(as)..

¡¡ ¡¡