recent books on knowledge work - ikms files... · 2017-07-05 · • create a personal and...

Cloud Computing for innovative Knowledge Management

Professor Eric Tsui

Knowledge Management & Innovation Research Centre

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Recent books on Knowledge Work

Masterclass by Eric Tsui at KM Singapore 2014

2014 Coprighted. KMIRC, H

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• Increasingly less routine, analytical, cognitive and collaborative skills are needed

• Highly unstructured, unpredictable, disruptive yet often come with a sense of urgency

• Not only requires data and information but also knowledge and experience of the individual

• Requires a different set of metrics for performance measurement

• Intra and Inter-organisational collaboration, decision making and problem solving are the norm

• A huge amount of data and information to deal with

• Often more than one way to solve a problem

• Reflection, social and lifelong learning environment are crucial

Nature of Knowledge Work

Nature of Knowledge Work (cont.) (Source: Taming the Unpredictable, 2011.)



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What happens every 60 seconds on the Internet? (Source: http://geektyrant.com/news/2011/6/18/infographic-shows-what-happens-every-60-seconds-on-the-inter.html)



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http://geektyrant.com/news/2011/6/18/infographic-shows-what-happens-every-60-seconds-on-the-inter.html



















• Automate routine tasks as much as possible

• Tools to coordinate ad hoc tasks among workers

• Tools to identify and connect with subject matter champions; codify and share

tacit knowledge

• Tools to discover, aggregate, analyze and visualize

document/information/discussion summary, trends, work tasks etc.

• Leverage on input and preferences from trusted peers

• Knowledge Repository for keeping core assets

• Powerful Search mechanisms (proactive, multi-modal, multiple search modes,

visualisation,…)

• Create a Personal and Organizational Learning Environment

• Personalization (role type, multi-generational workforce, mobile workers,

content, tools, networks etc.)

Support for performing Knowledge Work

Services as % of GDP in OECD countries



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Service Sector in Hong Kong (Source: Census & Statistics Department, 2012)

Service Sector in Hong Kong (cont.) (Source: Census & Statistics Department, 2012)



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• Co-creation of value

• Dynamic Capabilities

• Enabling Vs Disruptive

• Open Business Models

• Customer Experience

=> Efficiency, Integration & Transformation

Some key concepts in Service Innovation

Professor Ian Miles, MBS

Professor Eng Chew, UTS

Customers to co-design in a process –

DELL Computers & Taggerbags



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Self-service check-in at Sydney

International Airport

Definition of Cloud Computing



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An analogy

1. On-demand and self-service

2. Broad network access

3. Resource pooling (location independent)

4. Rapid elasticity

5. Agility

6. Measured service (& mostly postpay)

Characteristics of the Cloud



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Concept of Scalability

The first MOOC (Massive Open

Online Course) back in 2011

Stanford University Artificial Intelligence course – 160k students from 195 countries signed up



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Cloud enables the Internet to function as

major “Service Hubs” (Source: Enterprise Cloud Computing, A. Mohulland, J. Pyke & P Fingar, 2010)

Personal & Corporate devices



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Virtualisation

Animoto’s use of an elastic cloud

The company’s average 5,000 users a day

spiked to 750,000 in three days. At one point,

25,000 people used Animoto in one hour.



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Had Animoto use an ordinary Web server system, what could have happened? Think in terms of the

• Lag time

• Time of payment

• Estimation/Provisioning of CPU power

• Business risks

Discussion

• Storage • Email • Productivity and Collaboration tools • Disaster Recovery • Business Continuity Planning • Video Conferencing • Process Management • …

Common cloud applications



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What are the benefits of operating

enterprise applications in the cloud?

Discussion

Additional cloud benefits

• E-mail, web-based office productivity, communications & collaborations

• A combination of the above integrated into an enterprise app

• Software upgrade & license management

• Counteract spams & virus threats • Value-add functions provided by a

SaaS provider • Integrated data management • IT Service Management



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Adobe software as a Cloud Service

A sample comparison of costs between on-premise software & Cloud Service

(Source: Comindware software, 2013)



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Common types of Cloud

•Private Cloud

•Public Cloud

•Hybrid Cloud

•Government Cloud

•Community Cloud

•Social Cloud

Fulfillment By Amazon (FBA) (Replay video at http://amazingsellingmachine.com/how-to-scale/)



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How can the Cloud help?

How can the Cloud help?



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Why use the Cloud and not the Web? (Source: Business Innovation in the Cloud, 2012)

Why does SAP call this “The SUPPLY UNCHAINED Cloud”?



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Why does Microsoft claim their cloud can help win Formula 1 race?

Beyond merely dynamic capabilities



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• Limited internal IT or no software development skills

• Insufficient funds to pay for setup costs • High fluctuating or unpredictable business

demands • Operates standard & common applications

& services • Operates custom applications that require

more resources

What types of organisation would benefit the most from Cloud Computing?

• Cost reduction • Less upfront costs • Agility • Focus on core business,

high value-added activities • End-to-end solution • Green IT • Innovation e.g. co-creation,

extension of business processes, scalability etc.

Compelling reasons for adopting CC



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semYOU releases Cloud KM software (Source: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/semyou-releases-cloud-

knowledge-management-software-162705016.html)

What are the advantages of making

this a Cloud-based KMS?

Cloud service for data analysis (Source: http://www.biomax.com/company/pressrel/201202_pedantcloud.pdf)

What are the advantages of making

this a Cloud-based KMS?



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http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/semyou-releases-cloud-knowledge-management-software-162705016.html
















Cloud-based KM & Collaboration solution for IT managed services

(Source: http://www.reseller.co.nz/article/531570/nz_msp_solution_verge_global_debut_florida/)

What are the advantages

of this Cloud-based KMS?

Cloud-based knowledge & request management solution

(Source: http://prwire.com.au/pr/31985/cloud-based-knowledge-and-request-management-solution-unveiled-at-lianza-conference)

What are the advantages

of this Cloud-based KMS?



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http://www.reseller.co.nz/article/531570/nz_msp_solution_verge_global_debut_florida/

http://prwire.com.au/pr/31985/cloud-based-knowledge-and-request-management-solution-unveiled-at-lianza-conference





















• Conferencing system • Document Management, Process

Management systems • Search Engine • Content Management (Repository) system • Collaboration system e.g. portal • E-Learning system • Taxonomy system • …

What are the principal benefits of “cloud-enabling” the following KM software?

Document & Management systems, Repositories • Collaborative editing & tagging of content, enhanced navigation,

centralised security policies/rules, integration with desktop applications, …

Search Engine • More applications/databases are searchable via cloud APIs,

collaborative search, social search, discovery, integrated search across Web, Intranet, Personal devices etc., …

E-Learning system • Sharing of learning objects, discovery of SMEs, expertise sharing,

peer-based, social & lifelong learning, … Taxonomy system • Collaborative tagging, collaborative composition & maintenance,

multiple taxonomies in same domain, enhanced navigation, …

How will the cloud impact some typical “KM systems” other than the general benefits?



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• Reduce/Remove the need to design internal IT or knowledge infrastructure

• Highly integrated software services • Extend Q&A and problem solving beyond

organisational boundary • Access to massive data for analytics and discovery • More explorations on disruptive innovations • Enhanced ubiquity • Natural expansion into Customer KM

How can cloud computing benefit Enterprise KM efforts?

Source: Furht & Escalante, Handbook of Cloud Computing

Example of an IT support environment



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Cloud services are everywhere

Commonly addressed operational & research issues

• Security / Privacy, Data location, compliance, identity management

• Data migration & integration

• Interfacing with legacy systems

• Service Level guarantee & legal ambiguity

• Customisation of vendor-specific tools & applications

• Portability of applications across clouds (especially PaaS & SaaS)

• Performance measurement

• Discovery, de-duplication & selection of services & data

• Data Analytics

• Paradigmatic change to OPEX model, work style and workplace

• Cloud exit strategy



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• Co-creation of value

• Dynamic Capabilities

• Enabling Vs Disruptive

•Open Business Models

• Agility

• Efficiency, Integration & Transformation

Competencies & key concepts in KBSI

Source: Martinsson, 2011

Transformational effect of the cloud



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Cloud is a major driver for business transformation (Source: KPMG Technology Innovation Survey 2012 & Embracing the

cloud, KPMG, 2011)

Cloud & Customer Value Proposition (Source: IBM Cloud Survey, 2011)



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Cloud is ideal for Open Innovation (Source: Innocentive report, 2012)

Realising the power of the cloud



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The Adolescent Cloud

Can we draw intelligence from the Cloud?



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1. Machine to Machine

2. People to Machine

3. People to People

Three types of connections in a cloud

The Knowledge Cloud



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70 billions connections & 1/3 of consumer digital content in the cloud by 2020 & 2016 respectively

In July 2012, there were 955m users in Facebook

In 2012, about 2.5 exabytes are

created every day and is

expected to double every 40

months. An exabyte is 10,000

times of a petabyte (approx 20

million filing cabinets)

Industrial Economy • Standardise, decompose & automate tasks • Train workers to perform repetitive work • Products are produced at a massive scale • Measure workers’ productivity

Knowledge Economy • Knowledge Work – knowledge-intensive,

unstructured, collaborative & ad hoc • Empower workers with the right tools • Creativity, innovation, agility are key • Customer experience is crucial

From industrial economy to knowledge economy



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Human-machine cooperative problem solving

The Knowledge Cloud

• Build communities for problem solving

• Utilise social media for marketing

• Explore & build new business models

• Execute strategies at low risk & in real time

• Deliver personalised services

• Engage in social & lifelong learning



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Think Outside The Box

The Cloud as some massively scaleable

backend resources with low upfront costs

Intelligent Knowledge Centre with massive data,

problem solving skills (processors & humans), & dynamic computational

power

The Cloud is Disruptive

Cloud Intelligence in action



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• Polymath

o Online discussions about mathematical problems

• GenBank

o World’s online repository of genetic data

• GalaxyZoo

o 200,000 online volunteers to help astronomers classify galaxy images

Harnessing Wisdom of the Crowd

Any spiral? Which direction?



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The Knowledge Cloud

Amazon Mechanical Turk



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Cloudsourcing www.crowdflower.com



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Cloud Labor

The Workforce in the Cloud



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How to decide what work to outsource? (Source: Harvard Business Review, Jan/Feb. 2013)

Categories of work common in the Human Cloud (Source: Sloan Management Review, Winter 2013)



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Four types of Human Cloud platforms (Source: Sloan Management Review, Winter 2013)

How to manage work in the Human Cloud (Source: Sloan Management Review, Winter 2013)



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Cloudsourcing – TaskRabbit, Fiverr, 99designs, 3to30

Human Cloud – Knowledge Centre www.Quora.com



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Human Cloud – Knowledge Centre www.Kaggle.com

Cloudsourcing - Elance, oDesk, uTest & Livework



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Common work carried out by the Human Cloud (Source: Sloan Management Review, 2013)

• Harness micro-expertise from individuals rapidly, ad hoc & routinely

• Expertise ranges from novices to specialists • Match expertise with problems & with scale • Perform checks to filter out invalid responses • Tools & processes provided to track progress • Remunerate by hour, by task, by competition as well as

by non-financial rewards

More problems are being solved (by “designed/situated serendipity”)

Low latency, low risk & massive contributions

Characteristics of Cloudsourcing A completely new business model !!!



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Reasons for adopting Open Innovation (Source: Innocentive report, 2012)

Cloud logic defined

The term "cloud logic" refers to logical

inference systems that reside at remote

servers rather than on client machines.

Remote inference systems can distribute

logical inference tasks over many cores at

remote sites or distribute inference tasks

across widely distributed machines and

collect the results together to complete a

client’s query. (Source: John Fisher,

http://www.csupomona.edu/~jrfisher/cs515/cloudlogic.html)



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Collective intelligence

Cloud Intelligence

Cloud Intelligence elaborated

1. Decompose a problem into smaller ones for parallel processing (aka Grid Computing)

2. Discover knowledge & expertise embedded in very large structured and unstructured datasets (aka Big Data)

3. (Re-)Prioritise tasks and resources for high gain areas/applications (at the algorithmic and resource allocation levels)

4. Intelligent Allocation/Diversion of resources to meet demand

5. Elicit human input for complex problems (aka “Human-as-a-Service”), individually, group or on a massive scale Source: www.ibmsystemsmag.com



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Cloud-based Services: IFTT (Source: http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/node/2266785/mobile)

IF THIS

THEN THAT

User

encodes

decision

rules in the

cloud

Song identifiers www.shazam.com & the.echonest.com



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http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/node/2266785/mobile




http://www.shazam.com/

Animoto’s use of an elastic cloud

The company’s average 5,000 users a day

spiked to 750,000 in three days. At one point,

25,000 people used Animoto in one hour.



KPolyU

recent books on knowledge work - ikms files... · 2017-07-05 · • create a personal and...

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