recent trends in electronics & communication systems vol 3 issue 3

ISSN 2393-8757 (Online)

Recent Trends in Electronics &

Communication Systems

September–December 2016

(RTECS)

www.stmjournals.com

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

STM Journals, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private Ltd. (established 2006), was

launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory Board

Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives:

Promotion of Scientific, Technical and Medical research.

Publication of Original Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through

Peer Review process.

Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.

Preparing online platform for print journals.

Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical

and Medical domains.

Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects in the category of Nanotechnology,

Scientific and Technical Writing, and Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features:

A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical and Medical domains.

Employs Open Journals System (OJS)—a journal management and publishing system.

The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad

for its quality and coverage.

Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal

acceptance/finalization.

Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.

Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems

ISSN: 2393-8757(online)

Focus and Scope Covers

Transmission systems

Relay stations, tributary stations.

Data terminal equipment

Power line communication systems

A duplex communication system

A tactical communications system

Electronic sensors and sensory systems

Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM

Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily

reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products

described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in

this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written

permission of the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the

beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals ([email protected])

STM Journals

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office

No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.

Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM

Journals unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order:

National Subscription:

Print - Rs 3750/- per Journal ( includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase: Rs 1500.

Online - Rs 3750/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 online issues), Single Issue purchase: Rs 1500

inclusive Service Tax

Print + Online - Rs 5000/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 print & online issues).

International Subscription:

Online Only- $199, Print Only-$299 (includes 3 print issues)

Online + Print-$399 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside of India includes delivery. Prices subject to change without notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of

Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access

Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at

nominal cost as follows

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B). For Subscribers:

Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

The access will be blocked:

If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.

Due to technical issue.

Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent

media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars

etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each

published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are

also very welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.

Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.

Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication

Management Team: [email protected]; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Gargi Asha Jha

Manager (Publications)

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Internal Members

External Members

Bimlesh Lochab

Assistant Professor

Department of Chemistry

School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University

Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

Professor and Coordinator

School of Materials Science and Technology

Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi

Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor

Department of Applied Chemistry

BIT Mesra, Patna,

Bihar, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Technology

Laboratory, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai

Tamil Nadu, India

Himani Pandey

Isha Chandra

Senior Associate Editors

Dr. Yog Raj Sood

Dean (Planning and Development)

Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering

National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur

Himachal Pradesh, India

Prof. Chris Cannings

Professor, School of Mathematics and Statistics

University of Sheffield,

Sheffield

United Kingdom

Dr. D. K. Vijaykumar

MS, MCh (Surgical Oncology), Professor and

Head Department of Surgical Oncology

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre

Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, India

Dr. Durgadas Naik

Associate Professor (Microbiology)

Management and Science University,

University Drive, Seksyen13

Selangor, Malaysia

Prof. José María Luna Ariza

Department of Computer Sciences and

Numerical Analysis

Campus of Rabanales

University of Córdoba, Spain

Dr. Khaiser Nikam

Professor, Library and Information Science

Department of Library and Information Science

University of Mysore

Mysore, India

Quaisher J Hossain

Senior Editor

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Managing DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India

Meenakshi Tripathi

Shivani Sharma

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra

Director

Shambhavi Mishra

Associate Editors

Sugandha Mishra

Prof. Priyavrat TharejaDirector Principal

Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology

Punjab, India

Dr. Baldev RajDirector, National Institute of Advanced Studies

Indian Institute of Science campus Bangalore

Karnataka, India

Former Director

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research,

Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Pankaj PoddarSenior Scientist

Physical and Materials Chemistry Division,National Chemical Laboratory

Pune, Maharastra India

Prof. D. N. RaoProfessor and Head

Department of BiochemistryAll India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, India

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAdditional Professor

National Brain Research CentreManesar, Gurgaon

Haryana, India

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group

Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePilani, Rajasthan,

India

Dr. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Ex-Head of the Department

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

National Institute of Technology, RourkelaOdisha, India

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head

Department of Applied MechanicsGovernment College of Engineering

Vidyanagar, Karad Maharashtra, India

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkVisiting Professor, Department of Physics

University of SGGS World UniversityFatehgarh Sahib, Punjab,

IndiaFormer Director Research

DAV Institute of Engineering and TechnologyJallandhar, India

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootSenior Research Scientist, Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai, India

Former Head (Research and Development)Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd., MIT Campus

Beed Bypass Road, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor

Department of Applied ChemistryBirla Institute of Technology

Patna, Bihar, India

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

National Institute of Technology, RourkelaOdisha, India

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAssistant Professor

Department of Oral PathologyKLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor

Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai, Tamil Nadu India

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor

Department of Civil EngineeringNational Institute of Technology, Trichy

Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD

Editorial Board

Manisha Asit UpadhyayInstitute of Technology, Nirma

University, India.

Ravibabu Mulaveesala Department of Electrical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar,

India.

Vinod Kumar SinghElectrical Engineering, S.R.G.I. ,

Jhansi, India.

Usha Sandeep MehtaInstitute of Technology (EC-VLSI Design),

Nirma University, India.

Rajib KarDepartment of Electronics &

Communication

Engineering, NIT Durgapur,

West Bengal, India.

Ravi KumarDepartment of Electronics and

Communication

Engineering, Thapar University,

Patiyala, India.

Dr. Balwinder SinghCoordinator & Senior Engineer,

Academic and Consultancy Services

Division, Centre for Development of

Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Mohali.

Jaswinder singh Dept. of Electronics & Communication

Engineering, Beant College of

Engineering & Technology,

Gurdaspur, India.

S. SumanElectrical & Electronics Engineering

Department, Universiti Teknologi

Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar,

31750,Tronoh, perak, Malaysia.

S. M. KulkarniProfessor, Dept. of Mechanical

Engineering NITK Surathkal.

NavinAsst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical

Engineering NITK Surathkal.

Raghu BhatProfessor,Dept.of Mechatronics

Engineering MIT Manipal.

Rameshwar KawitkarProfessor, Dept. of Electronics and

Telecommunication

Engineering, Sinhgad College of

Engineering, Pune.

Sanjeev DewraAssociate Professor & Head of Electronics

&Communication Engineering

Department.Shaheed Bhagat Singh

State Technical Campus-Ferozepur.

It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3, Issue 3] of our Journal of Recent

Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems(RTECS), 2016. The intension of RTECS Journal

is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Electronics &

Communication Engineering.

Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and

readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly

research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish

quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings.

The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference

for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching

and research in all the Scientific, Technical and Medical domains.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication

team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of

authoring write ups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the

journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish

quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Managing Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Characterization of PANI-CNT Composite Flexible Dry Electrodes for Long-Term ECG Yadhuraj S.R., Satheesh Babu G., Omprakash S.S. 1

2. The Customized ZigBee Stack: Mathematical Modelling A. Narmada, P. Sudhakara Rao 7

3. Design and Characterization of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wi-Max ApplicationsMeenal Kate, Anjana Goen 15

4. Digiboard: An Application Based Digital Notice BoardLalit Bhanwrela, Pritesh Kumar Jain 19

5. Compact Arrow Shape Microstrip Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationRavi Kant, SaiyedTazenAli, Vinod Kumar Singh 24

ContentsRecent Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems

RTECS (2016) 1-6 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems ISSN: 2393-8757(online)

Volume 3, Issue 3

www.stmjournals.com

Characterization of PANI-CNT Composite Flexible

Dry Electrodes for Long-Term ECG

Yadhuraj S.R.1,*, Satheesh Babu G.

2, Omprakash S.S.

2

1Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, R.V. College of Engineering,

Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 2Department of Interdisciplinary Research Center, R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru,

Karnataka, India

Abstract Study of polymer dry electrodes in sensing biological signals has received attention as the

nature of the polymer to bend that supports electrode’s contact and also avoids skin irritations

and allergic reactions. As a polymeric substrate, we have used polyaniline (PANI) as it has

very good conductivity, environmental stability, lower price and facile synthesis. Carbon

nanotube (CNT) is added to the substrate to increase the overall electrical, magnetic,

mechanical, thermal and optical properties. The electrodes for ECG (electrocardiography)

are obtained by depositing metal layer on the polymer substrate, etch the metal patterns

chemically. The composites of PANI-CNT were characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffraction)

and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)

was carried on to obtain the surface morphology. The composite are made in to pellets and

conductivity of the composites was measured.

Keywords: PANI, CNT, SEM, ECG, long term monitoring

INTRODUCTION The development in the telecommunication

has enabled self-monitoring of health

continuously and avoiding lot of visits to the

physician. Physician can also monitor the

progress of his patient health even the absence

of the patient [1–6]. The progress of

technologies in smart phone is expected to

enhance the quality of the self-health

monitoring by providing reliable patient

autonomy. The long-term wearable electrodes

developments are critical in this regards. ECG

(electrocardiography) is the vital biosignal

most often monitored. Conventionally,

silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes are

used for obtaining ECG signals [7]. But while

using for long term monitoring it may cause

irritations to the skin. Also the quality of the

signal will decrease as the gel dries over time

[8]. Sweat will also results in signal

degradation.

As the dry electrodes does not require

electrolyte layer, it is preferred over Ag/AgCl

electrodes. Though various dry electrodes are

developed, many of them are metallic based,

hence, the signals vary with the movement, not

biocompatible and higher electrode-skin

impedance. To overcome this limitations,

polymer based electrodes are better alternative

for long term monitoring. Here we propose a

PANI-CNT composite as substrate for

electrodes coating that are applicable for

obtaining long term ECG signals.

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Aniline, prior using it was distilled in vacuum.

MWNT with inner and outer diameter of 5-10

nm and respectively was purchased from

Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials Inc.

Hydrochloric acid was bought from S.D. Fine

Chem. limited. Deionized water was used for

preparing solutions.

Chemicals Preparation

CNT (0.2 g) was allowed to disperse with 1 M

HCl and 25% ethanol under ultrasonication for

about 1 hour. Aniline monomer is added

slowly with different concentration, again it is

left in the sonicator for about 1 hour. The

mixture was allowed to polymerize with


Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication Systems ISSN: 2393-8757(online)

Volume 3, Issue 3

www.stmjournals.com

The Customized ZigBee Stack: Mathematical Modelling

A. Narmada*, P. Sudhakara Rao Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Institute of Management and

Technology for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract There are different protocols for realising WPAN. ZigBee protocol supports high node density,

long range and robust communication and hence chosen for experimenting in WPAN. ZigBee

protocol may not be adequate to bring all the consumer electronic devices under WPAN and

control them as the devices may use different protocols. ZigBee stack is taken as base, it is

modified to incorporate the features of common communication protocol so as to enable the

consumer electronics share resources and communicate among themselves leading to a

virtual control network. As the internet is most commonly used communication network in the

user community, the protocols of internet are studied to find the suitability in channel access

and routing strategies in order to implement in the modified ZigBee stack. After a thorough

research ZigBee stack is modified with appropriate protocols at respective layers with the

addition of new layer between network and application layers. This work presents the

mathematical modelling of the modified ZigBee stack, christened ZI stack. Four different

metrics viz., throughput, delay, transmit energy and receive energy are modelled and the

results of experimentation are also presented. The ZI and ZigBee stack are compared w.r.t.

various metrics. The theoretical and practical values of performance metrics are tabulated in

this paper.

Keywords: LWIP, TCP/IP, ZI, RIP, CSMA and WSN

INTRODUCTION The study of effects of different components

on the entire system predicts the system

behaviour. There are different types of models

but not limited to dynamic models, statistical

models, probabilistic models, empirical

models, structural equation models, etc. The

gap between the theoretical and experimental

values leads to the development of new

concepts and theories. The structural equation

modelling is more suitable to the proposed

work as it is based on multiple inputs and

multiple outputs. Hence empirical modelling is

used as it is easier compared to other models.

The parameters modelled are throughput,

average end-to-end delay, energy consumed in

transmit mode as well as receive mode.

RELATED WORK Wireless communication using

802.15.4/ZigBee Technology [1, 2] has

become more popular as it is more convenient

and cost effective than wired communication.

Research is being carried out towards

modelling the ZigBee specification in order to

measure the performance metrics in different

application scenarios. The works carried out

[3–6] are based on experimentation whereas

[7–9] the performance evaluation of 802.15.4

is done and compared with existing simulation

models using different tools such as NS2 or

Simulink. The impact of coexistence of other

wireless technologies such as Bluetooth,

802.11 etc. is evaluated using experimental

testbeds [8, 9]. It was concluded that

throughput is seriously degraded due to such

interferences.

The performance of beacon and non-beacon

transmission modes is also compared [10]

using few realistic scenarios based on IEEE

802.15.4 and it was concluded that the

performance of beaconless mode is better. The

association phase of nodes in 802.15.4 is

considered for optimization [11]. In the study

of different chipsets used in commercial

wireless communications the current

consumption during transmission and

reception is summarized [12]. The study

concludes that the ZigBee technology requires


Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication Systems ISSN: 2393-8757(online)

Volume 3, Issue 3

www.stmjournals.com

Design and Characterization of Microstrip Patch

Antenna for Wi-Max Applications

Meenal Kate*, Anjana Goen Department of Electronics, Rustamji Institute of Technology, Tekanpur, Gwalior, Madhya

Pradesh, India

Abstract A rectangular slot printed rectangular microstrip patch antenna which is simulated on

epoxy/glass material has been proposed. The antenna bandwidth of 46.7 MHz is achieved with

a lower frequency 3.475 GHz to a higher frequency 3.522 GHz achieved by taking four

rectangles of dimensions 27 x 30 mm2 are arranged in such a manner to achieve the WI-MAX

frequency band with a resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz, respectively. Other parameters such as

directivity, antenna gain, radiation pattern are also analysed with different values of ground

plane length. This antenna is printed on the glass epoxy (FR4 lossy) of dielectric substrate

with relative permittivity (€r) of 4.3, thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna simulation

result is capable of operating over the 3.47–3.52 GHz frequency band, which covers the

3.5 GHz, WI-MAX operating band.

Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), Multiband Antenna, Rectangular Microstrip

Patch Antenna (MPA), Return Loss, WI-MAX Antenna

INTRODUCTION The most widely used for the last few years

due to their attractive features such as light

weight, low volume, ease in fabrication and

low cost is Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA).

There are some applications of wireless

communications, requirement of antennas to

simultaneously operate for Wireless Local

Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide

Interoperability for Microwave Access (WI-

MAX) technology are increased. The allotted

spectrum for WLAN is centred at 2.4, 5.2, and

5.8 GHz, and for WI-MAX at 2.5, 3.5, and 5.5

GHz [1]. A large number of studies have been

done in the area of printed microstrip

antennas. This includes different shapes and

structures, for example, rectangular patch

having dual broad band characteristic was

reported in [2]. An antenna system composed

of a combination of several transmission lines

and multi ports has been proposed in [3].

Nowadays, several studies have discussed

about the progress of low-profile multiband

antennas. However, the majority of them are

comparatively large and/or do not provide

required bandwidths. One way of improving

the bandwidth and reducing the size is to

utilize a planar microstrip antenna with slots

and strips on the patch and ground plane.

There are different shapes of radiating patches

such as square, rectangular, circular, ellipse,

etc. Amongst them, the rectangular radiating

patch and circular radiating patch have good

radiation capability, easy to design and small

in size when compared to other microstrip

patch shapes is used for transmission line i.e.,

transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic

(EM) waves [4].

In this paper, Rectangular Microstrip Patch

Antenna with a rectangular slot for Wi-Max

band applications are proposed, which exhibit

better Wi-Max operating characteristics. It can

cover a wide frequency range (3.47–3.52

GHz).The properties of the antenna such as

return loss, radiation patterns, directivity and

gain are determined via a simulation process

using CST (Computer Simulation Technology)

Microwave Studio Software. Printed MPA is

optimized to achieve good return loss with

acceptable radiation performance. They can be

developed to cover several operating frequency

bands in WI-MAX and WLAN [5, 6].



Volume 3, Issue 3

www.stmjournals.com

Digiboard: An Application Based Digital Notice Board

Lalit Bhanwrela*, Pritesh Kumar Jain

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Vaishnav

Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract At present, when urgent circular/information has to be renewed in a notice board, it has to be

made manually and it is observed that sticking different notices or circular day by day at

different places is a difficult process as well as causes delay. Notice board or circular board

is a prime display object in any government or private department/institution/society of

education or any public service board situated in places such as bus stand, malls, sports

arena, railway terminus, road squares and parks, etc. for common people and provides latest

circular regarding the local area. In this paper, a project is designed and presented which is

based on ARM Microcontroller interfaced with digital display system and Smart mobile

phone. By using DIGIBOARD an information/notice/circular can be updated using the

concept of mobile app in GSM service independent of displays/notice boards are present and

irrespective of their places in less time. This kind of system will definitely provide a new

updated service to the common people in a very effective manner. For synchronization of data

in a real time, a timer is used with the microcontroller. A resistive touch screen or smart e

board can be used in near future to access the previous notices and record details or up

gradations in services.

Keywords: Embedded system, GSM module, Mobile application

INTRODUCTION This concept is new and based on embedded

system technology using GSM module. An

Embedded system is the combination of

hardware and software with the involvement

of other mechanical parts made to carry out a

definite function. A display point or

conventional Notice Board is a very vital piece

of equipment in any government or private

department/education institute or organization

or public value places such as hospitals, bus

stations, railway terminus or metro stations

and garden/malls or traffic control rooms, road

squares. The major intend of this work is to

develop an app by which one can easily update

the connected digital display or notice board

hence it will reduce the manual action and of

course the time as it will be a real time system

[1, 2]. The information can in turn be updated

immediately at the preferred location at any

time. The updates can be done in digital

displays separately on one click and from

remote places in very less amount of time. The

information in the form of SMS is to be sent

via an app to the GSM receiver module, which

is embedded with the receiver unit. At the

receiver, this SMS is then stored in the

memory unit and displayed on the Digital

displays (such as LCD) by the instruction of

controller. In future, these SMS can be

transferred to the computer, which acts as a

record for future reference. The configuring

system requires an SMART mobile phone

(initially windows only but in future it will be

available for Android/IoS) to install the app

and transfer them on to a computer through a

Universal Serial Bus (USB) cable, and also

store the image in a micro SD card after

applying an image compression algorithm.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Normally when government has to make any

announcements regarding power cut or water

supply cut or traffic jam, traffic diversion they

mostly do it by the newspaper, by television

media or manually. Many a times this

information is not properly circulated among

the masses and due to this improper

information, they had to face a lot of

difficulties. This prototype will solve this issue

by displaying the information on an LCD

Panel.



Volume 3, Issue 3

www.stmjournals.com

Compact Arrow Shape Microstrip Antenna for

WiMAX Application

Ravi Kant1, Saiyed Tazen Ali

1, Vinod Kumar Singh

2,* 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of

Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Electrical Engineering, S.R. Group of Institutions, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract In this paper, microstrip patch antenna dual band which is used for personal communication

system and wireless local area network has been discussed. The two bands of ranges 1.72–

2.008 GHz (15.43%) and 2.7–3.964 GHz (37.93%) are obtained. The antenna is fed by

coaxial cable probe feeding technique. The microstrip patch antenna is designed on the glass

epoxy substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and simulated on the IE3D Zealand software.

Its simulation results with frequency responses and radiation pattern are presented and

discussed.

Keywords: Dual band, IE3D, Zealand, WLAN

INTRODUCTION Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in

wireless applications due to great advantages

such as lightweight, smaller size and lesser

volume. These can easily be moulded to any

desired shape and hence can be attached to any

host surface. Nowadays compact microstrip

antennas are getting much more attention due

to the increase in demands of small size

antennas used in personal and commercial

purposes [1–4]. In order to design a compact

microstrip antenna at a fixed operating

frequency higher dielectric constant of

substrate must be used. Their fabrication

processes are simple, production is easy and

the fabrication cost is low, and thus they can

be manufactured in large quantities. Their

fabrication process is compatible with

microwave monolithic integrated circuit

(MMIC) and optoelectronic integrated circuit

technologies [5–9]. This type of antenna

basically experienced narrow bandwidth and

gain limited power capacity and bad

polarization. But to overcome these problems,

many researchers have been proposed new

techniques such as defected ground plane and

different feeding techniques [10–17]. A

defected model changes the shielded current

distribution in signal plane which results in

change of frequency [18–20].

In this paper, a dual band parallel slotted

microstrip patch antenna is presented which

gives a dual bandwidth of 15.45 and 37.93%

which is suitable for WiMAX system

applications. The presented antenna has an

impedance band covering the frequency range

from 1.72–2.008 GHz and 2.7–3.964 GHz.

PROPOSED ANTENNA

CONFIGURATION Microstrip patch antenna chooses a dielectric

substrate of thickness h and loss tangent. If

thickness of microstrip patch antenna will

increase, there will be increase in radiated

power, reduce conductor loss but due to this

effect, increase in weight, dielectric loss and

surface wave loss will occur. The geometry of

the proposed antenna is shown in Figure 1.

The dimension of ground plane is

29.4 mm×40.6 mm and patch dimension is of

23.8 mm×31 mm. The microstrip antenna that

has the patch length L and the patch width W

has been located on the surface of a ground

with FR4 glass epoxy substrate having the

thickness of h. The three crucial parameters

for the design of a microstrip patch antenna

are frequency of operation, dielectric constant

of the substrate, and height of dielectric

substrate. The dielectric material of the

substrate chosen for this design is FR-4 glass

ISSN 2393-8757 (Online)

Recent Trends in Electronics &

Communication Systems

September–December 2016

(RTECS)

www.stmjournals.com

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

recent trends in electronics & communication systems vol 3 issue 3

Education