Reconstruction in the Reconstruction in the South:South:

1865-18771865-1877

GPS SS8H6cGPS SS8H6cAnalyze the impact of Reconstruction Analyze the impact of Reconstruction

on Georgia and other southern states on Georgia and other southern states emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13Reconstruction plans, 13thth, 14, 14thth, and , and 1515thth amendments to the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.

The Reconstruction time period The Reconstruction time period involved:involved:

Conflict between US government and the Conflict between US government and the South on:South on:

1.1. How ex-Confederate states will be re-admitted into the How ex-Confederate states will be re-admitted into the UnionUnion

2.2. How the Southern economy will recover from the warHow the Southern economy will recover from the war3.3. How the rights of Free Blacks will be protectedHow the rights of Free Blacks will be protected4.4. How Whites and Blacks will relate to each otherHow Whites and Blacks will relate to each other5.5. Whether the South will be transformed or back to the way Whether the South will be transformed or back to the way

it was before the Civil Warit was before the Civil War6.6. Who will influence the future of the SouthWho will influence the future of the South

Timeline of Reconstruction In GeorgiaTimeline of Reconstruction In Georgia1865 131865 13thth Amendment (abolishes slavery) Amendment (abolishes slavery)1865 Passage of Black Codes 1865 Passage of Black Codes 1866 Civil Rights Acts of 18661866 Civil Rights Acts of 18661866 141866 14thth Amendment (grants citizenship) Amendment (grants citizenship)1867 Establishment of Military Rule in the 1867 Establishment of Military Rule in the

South after all southern states reject 14South after all southern states reject 14thth AmendmentAmendment

1867 Blacks allowed to vote for first time in GA1867 Blacks allowed to vote for first time in GA1868 Capital moved from Milledgeville to 1868 Capital moved from Milledgeville to

AtlantaAtlanta1868 Republican, Rufus Bullock, elected 1868 Republican, Rufus Bullock, elected

governorgovernor1868 31 African-American elected to General 1868 31 African-American elected to General

AssemblyAssembly

1868 African-Americans expelled from GA 1868 African-Americans expelled from GA AssemblyAssembly

1869 Ku Klux Klan at height of its intimidation1869 Ku Klux Klan at height of its intimidation1869 151869 15thth Amendment (grants all males right to Amendment (grants all males right to

vote)vote)1869 Congress passes Georgia Act (GA under 1869 Congress passes Georgia Act (GA under

military control again)military control again)1870 GA Supreme Court rules in favor of Black 1870 GA Supreme Court rules in favor of Black

legislatorslegislators 1870 Georgia readmitted into Union after 1870 Georgia readmitted into Union after

approving approving of 14of 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments Amendments1871 Democrat James M. Smith elected new 1871 Democrat James M. Smith elected new

governor (all governor will be Democrats governor (all governor will be Democrats until until 2003)2003)

***Reconstruction Era in GA officially ends******Reconstruction Era in GA officially ends***

What Helped the What Helped the Freedmen?Freedmen?

What Hurt the What Hurt the Freedmen?Freedmen?

President Andrew Johnson’s Plan (1865-66)

To reenter the Union, states had to • swear allegiance to the Union • ratify the 13th amendment

Was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate officers

Favored states’ rights on issues such as giving African Americans the right to vote

Did not support the Freedman’s Bureau Took a conciliatory approach

Radical Republicans Radical Republicans Reconstruction Plan (1867-70)Reconstruction Plan (1867-70)

Supported the Freedman’s Bureau

• Created schools (public and black colleges—Atlanta U., Morehouse and Clark)

• Created hospitals • Created Industrial Institutes • Created teacher-training centers • Distributed food and clothing

Supported Civil Rights Act of 1866, which outlawed Black Codes

Passage of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments required to reenter Union

Divided the South into five military districts Supported equal rights for African Americans

Characters in Reconstruction GeorgiaCharacters in Reconstruction GeorgiaCarpetbaggers—Northerners who moved SouthCarpetbaggers—Northerners who moved South

Scalawags—Southerners who supported the Scalawags—Southerners who supported the RepublicansRepublicans

Rev. Henry McNeal Turner—one of the first African Rev. Henry McNeal Turner—one of the first African Americans elected to Georgia General AssemblyAmericans elected to Georgia General Assembly

Ku Klux Klan—tried to frightened freedmen from voting Ku Klux Klan—tried to frightened freedmen from voting and pursuing their civil rightsand pursuing their civil rights

Military Governor—Officer who rules each military Military Governor—Officer who rules each military district in the South.district in the South.

Differences of Sharecropping and Tenant FarmingDifferences of Sharecropping and Tenant Farming1.1. Landowners provided Landowners provided

land, a house, farming land, a house, farming tools and animals, tools and animals, seed, and fertilizerseed, and fertilizer

2.2. Workers agree to give Workers agree to give share of crops to ownershare of crops to owner

3.3. During growing season, During growing season, landowners let farmers landowners let farmers food, medicine, food, medicine, clothing, and other clothing, and other supplies on “credit”supplies on “credit”

4.4. Left sharecroppers Left sharecroppers deeper in debt year deeper in debt year after year.after year.

1.1. Tenant farmers Tenant farmers owned some owned some agricultural agricultural equipment and farm equipment and farm animalsanimals

2.2. Tenant farmers paid Tenant farmers paid in set cash price or in set cash price or share of cropshare of crop

3.3. Tenant farmers made Tenant farmers made “small” profit to live “small” profit to live onon

Similarities between Sharecropping and Tenant Similarities between Sharecropping and Tenant FarmingFarming

1.1. Workers were Black freedmen and poor WhitesWorkers were Black freedmen and poor Whites

2.2. Lives filled with hard work and hardshipsLives filled with hard work and hardships

3.3. Kept landowners farm in operations without Kept landowners farm in operations without paying for laborpaying for labor

4.4. Landowners also risk increased debtLandowners also risk increased debt

5.5. Contributed to ruining soil by growing cotton or Contributed to ruining soil by growing cotton or tobacco continuouslytobacco continuously

Compare and Contrast the Two Farming Systems of Compare and Contrast the Two Farming Systems of Reconstruction SouthReconstruction SouthLand owners

Tenant FarmingSharecropping

Compare and Contrast Matrix Chart on The Farming System of Post Civil War South (SS8H6c) Trait Sharecroppers Tenant

Farmers Land Owners

Owns equipment/animals Blacks and “poor” Whites Made “small” profit Contributed to soil damage No money payment for work Given equipment and animals to work with

Food ands meds on credit Hard work and misery Risked increasing debt Owned land but no money to pay workers

Paid use of land with share of crops Paid use of land with set price (rent)