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RECONSTRUCTION REBUILDING THE SOUTH AFTER THE CIVIL WAR Slide 2 Slide 3 RECONSTRUCTION Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 The period immediately following the Civil War is known as Reconstruction. During these years from 1865-1877, the Federal government focused on finding a way to bring the defeated Southern states back into the Union. Several different plans emerged and much debate raged on about who would control Reconstruction (the President or Congress) Slide 9 Lincoln's Plan- Know this! Called Proclamation of Amnesty Based on the idea that the Southern states had never left the Union. Pardons to Southerners who swore oath of loyalty to US. Recognition of new state governments when 10% of those who voted in the 1860 election took an oath. States must abolish slavery (13 th amendment) Did not go into effect because Lincoln was assassinated. Slide 10 Lincolns Assassination &Fords Theater Slide 11 Petersen House-boarding house help! Across the street, a man was holding a lantern and calling "Bring him in here! Bring him in here!" The man was Henry Safford, a boarder at William Petersen's boarding house known today at the Petersen House. Petersen House The men carried Lincoln into the boarding house and into the first-floor bedroom where they laid him diagonally across the bed because his tall frame would not fit normally on the smaller bed. Slide 12 Lincolns final hours Slide 13 Glass enclosed Slide 14 Slide 15 Lincolns Tomb LocationSpringfield, IL Built1868-74 Slide 16 Lincolns Assassination &Fords Theater President Abraham Lincoln Was Shot At Fords Theater By John Wilkes Booth Slide 17 Andrew Johnson Slide 18 Johnson's Plan-Know this! Vice President Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln assassinated. Southern Democrat from Tenn. White supremacist He intended to follow Lincoln's general plan: Write a new state constitution Ratify the 13 th amendment. Elect a new state government Repeal the Act of Secession(withdraw) all former Confederate leaders lost their right to vote. Slide 19 Congress's Plan~ Know this! Radical Reconstruction 1867 Passed over President Johnson's vetoes Disband state government and set up military districts in the South Each state write a new constitution, guaranteeing black male suffrage (15 th amendment) Ratification of the 14 th amendment All citizens insured Equal protection under the law Anyone who was a former Confederate could not vote or hold office Under Johnson's plan former Confederates gained control right back and freedmen were denied the right to vote, bear arms were restricted to farm work (sharecropping) Slide 20 Johnsons He failed to consider Radical Republicans views in Congress. Recognized 4 states' governments and was prepared to admit others He led efforts to block republicans' plans Slide 21 Congress also creates Know this! {both over Pres. Johnson's veto} 1.Freedman's Bureau Educate and give financial support to recently freed blacks. 2.Civil Rights Act equal opportunities for all citizens. Slide 22 Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Congress attempted to impeach by charging him with high crimes and misdemeanors over violating the Tenure of Office Act. House of Reps voted yes on impeachment charges Senate came within ONE vote of removing Johnson from office. Slide 23 Ulysses S. Grant's Administration 1872-1876 Slide 24 Grant was an honest man, who ironically surrounded himself with crooked people However he had no experience political Friends used him to their own advantage Treasury Department Scandal - involving railroads on a government collecting contract Whiskey Ring - involved internal revenue collectors who had helped defraud the federal government of millions dollars of revenue taxes on Whiskey. Slide 25 ADDITIONAL NOTES PLEASE add the following to your notes. Slide 26 Credit Mobilier Scandal The revelation of the congressmen who received cash bribes or stocks in Crdit Mobilier took place during the Ulysses S. Grant administration in 1872.Ulysses S. Grant The Crdit Mobilier of America scandal of 1872 involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crdit Mobilier of America construction company. The scandal's origins actually go back to the Abraham Lincoln presidencyUnion Pacific RailroadAbraham Lincoln Slide 27 End of Reconstruction Election of 1876 - between Rutherford B.Hayes (R) and Sam Tilden (D) is filled with controversy. Hayes is declared the winner by a compromise! WHY?? The Republicans give in and end Reconstruction known as the Compromise of 1877. The Northern Military is removed from the Southern states. What Happened to the former slaves? Most poor white & black southerners go into farming Know this! Tenant farmers Farmers who rent land from a landlord Sharecroppers Farmers who paid rent by giving up a share of their crop. Slide 28 Reversing Reconstruction Despite the North winning the Civil War, after the Union soldiers left and Reconstruction ended in 1877, the south reverted back to their old ways of living. A. Taking away voting rights ( 15 th amendment) 1. Poll taxes pay to vote 2. Literacy test prove you can read 3. Grandfather Clause if your grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867 you were excused from poll taxes and literacy test. Slide 29 ALL 3 PREVENTED FREEDMEN FROM VOTING- Know this! B. Jim Crow Laws -Called for segregation or separation of the races in public places (restaurants, hotels, trains, buses, & restrooms) C. South voted predominantly for the Democrats- known as the Solid South D. Black Codes laws/rules to restrict the rights of blacks. Slide 30 Propaganda posters Slide 31