The REDD Mechanism: The REDD Mechanism: Possibilities, Concerns Possibilities, Concerns and Critiqueand Critique

Group 2.Emilia,Camille,Daniel,Minna,Morgane,Sarri, Amaranta.

Climate Change and Sustainable Development

Plan of the presentationPlan of the presentation

1. Introduction: What is REDD and how could it work?

2. Biodiversity and value of forests 3. Forest dependent people 4. Benefit distribution and tenure 5. Participation in governance and decision

making 6. Conclusions and discussion

What is REDD? REDD = Reduction of green house gas (GHG)

Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation of forests in developing countries.

REDD is a climate change mitigation mechanism that includes forest carbon in the carbon market.

Developed countries provide funds to developing countries for reducing emissions from deforestation or forest degradation.

--> Forests are made more valuable standing than cut down.

CO2

The scope of REDD?The scope of REDD? Terrestrial carbon, carbon bio-sequestration, "carbon

sinks" RED Reduction of Deforestation REDD Reduction of Deforestation and

Degradation of forest REDD+ REDD + biodiversity value LULUCF Land Use, Land Use change and

Forestry AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use The definition of words are important in REDD: What is a forest? Deforestation? Degradation of a

forest? Afforestation? Reforestation?

Biodiversity value of forestsBiodiversity value of forests

-- Credits from REDD should take into consideration biodiversity, which is actually the most important → REDD+ will

BETTER TO CONSERVE FORESTS AS THEY ARE-Biodiversity necessary to maintain ecosystem services ;

genetic reservoir (could be needed in the future). - e.g : Tropical rain forests more biologically diverse than any

other biome (80% of the earth's terrestrial biodiversity in the tropics). Two-thirds of the 250,000 species of flowering plants occur in the tropics.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES- Forests : important providers of ecosystem services.- 4 categories: provisioning, regulating, supporting, culturalDEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEMS→ Deforestation

Forest-dependent People Forest-dependent People • Three directly

dependent people

• The two adverse approaches to REDD+

• Environmental JusticeA matter of capabilities

not commodities.

• Examples : Madre de Dios

Benefit distributionBenefit distributionNo benefits without costs!

Net benefits = benefits - costs

How are benefits defined?

Who should get the benefits and why?Examples of criteria:

•Dependency•Labour•Carbon rights and tenure

Tenure and REDDTenure and REDD=the systems of rights, rules, institutions and

processes regulating recourse access and use.

Key to shaping the distribution of risks, costs and benefits.

There is great diversity in tenure contexts across countries with rainforests.

Official tenure vs. traditional tenureBoth, tenure and benefit distribution, rely and are

conditioned by governance.

Misunderstandings,Lack of support

Stalled Action

Lack of understanding both directionsPoor acess to decision making processContact, but not consent

Lack of participation of local stakeholders

Multistakeholder process

Multilevel governance

FPIC

Pro-poor interventions

Cross-sectoral coordination

Long term success

TOP DOWN–process Not all participants are necessarily included in the decision making.

Participation in governance and decision making process

ConclusionsConclusions

- The entire system depends on carbon price volatility

- REDD+ is a market mechanism embedded in neoliberal frame

- Final questions

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!

Sources I-http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/13554IIED.pdf

-REDD-net: Participation and benefit sharing in national REDD+ schemes: early observations from five countries. <http://redd-net.org/resource-library/participation-and-benefit-sharing-in-national-redd-schemes-early-observations-from-five-countr> 2012

-IUCN: Building effective pro-poor REDD-plus interventions: How enhanced multi-stakeholder processes can ensure REDD-plus works for vulnerable communities.<http://www.cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/building_effective_pro_poor_redd_pluss_internet_1.pdf

-Anderson, P. 2011. Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: Principles and Approaches for Policy and Project Development. Published by The Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). Cotula, L. & Mayers J. 2009. Tenure in REDD: Start-point or afterthought? IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-736-7. 67 pages.  

Sources II Kanninen, M. et al. 2007. Do trees grow on money? The implications of deforestation research for policies to promote REDD. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Bogor, Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-1412-42-1 Mohammed, E. Y. 2011. Pro-poor benefit distribution in REDD+:who gets what and why does it matter? REDD working paper. IIED, London. Montreal and Eschborn. 2011. Biodiversity and Livelihoods, REDD-Plus benefits. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 92-9225-337-9

Sagoff, M (1988). The allocation and Distribution of resources. The Economy of the Earth. Cited from: Dryzek, JS. Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the earth: The environmental Politics Reader. Oxford University Press 2nd Ed. New York (pp 147-162) 

Wissenburg, M. Barry, J (Eds) (2001). Sustainability and the limits of Liberalism. Sustainable Liberal Decmocracy. Cited from: Dryzek, JS. Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the earth: The environmental Politics Reader. Oxford University Press 2nd Ed. New York (pp 180-190).

Sources III•FAO; 1997. People and forests in Asia and the Pacific: situation and prospects. [Online] <ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/W7732E/W7732E00.pdf>

•IELP; 2011a. The Social Implications of REDD+. [Online] <http://ielpblog.tumblr.com/post/14012880323/the-social-implications-of-redd>

•IELP; 2011b. Two Perspectives on the Social Implications of REDD+: “If we take care of the people, people will take care of the trees.” [Online] http://ielpblog.tumblr.com/post/14048510350/two-perspectives-on-the-social-implications-of-redd

Ministerio del Ambiente; 2010. Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Tambopata National Reserve and in Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, Madre de Dios region – Peru. [Online] <https://s3.amazonaws.com/CCBA/Projects/Proyecto_Reduccion_de_la_deforestation_y_degradacion_en_la_Reserva_Nacional_Tambopata_y_en_el_Parque_Nacional_Bahuaja_Sonene_del_ambito_de_la_region_Madre_de_Dios_en_Peru/Project_Design_Document_summary_10_ENG%5B1%5D.pdf>

DiscussionDiscussion3 groups: What solutions could be found to…

•Further include biodiversity value in the REDD mechanism

•Include relevant stakeholders in all process levels

•Distribute the benefits equitably