Monitoring Governance in REDD

Rosalind Reeve

Forest Campaign Manager

Global WitnessGlobal Witness

Peter Holmgren

Director Climate, Energy & Tenure

Food and Agriculture Organization

Outline

1. Where are we?

2. A framework for REDD Monitoring

3. Review of governance monitoring initiatives

4. A vision for governance monitoring4. A vision for governance monitoring

5. What next?

Business climate in 40 countries in

UN-REDD and FCPF

• 80% of 40 REDD countries in FCPF and UN-REDD rated at B or below

B = unstable, largely inefficient, company transactions run appreciable risks

• 33% of countries rated at D

D = highly risky, company transactions very difficult to manage

UNFCCC REDD Text

Safeguards on Governance

Safeguards to be [promoted] [and] [supported]:

• Transparent and effective national forest

governance structures, taking into account

national legislation and sovereigntynational legislation and sovereignty

• Full and effective participation of relevant

stakeholders, including in particular

indigenous peoples and local communities

Monitoring Safeguards

• requests that a developing country Party

aiming to undertake activities referred to in

paragraph 3….develop:

• [A robust and transparent national forest • [A robust and transparent national forest

monitoring system for the monitoring and

reporting of the activities referred to in

paragraph 3 above [, and the safeguards

referred to in paragraph 2 above]….]

FCPF R-PP Template

• How will the monitoring system address key

governance factors?

• How will it monitor social and environmental • How will it monitor social and environmental

impacts?

• How does it provide for establishing

independent monitoring and review, involving

civil society and other stakeholders?

Emissions Safeguards

National

A monitoring framework

National

Reporting

In-country

Implementation

A monitoring framework – what?

Emissions Safeguards

National Deforestation

Consistent

Transparent & Effective National

Reporting

In-country

Implementation

Deforestation

Forest Degradation

Conservation

Sustainable management

Enhancement

Transparent & Effective

Governance

Rights of Communities

Stakeholder Participation

Conservation

Reversals

Displacement

Emissions Safeguards

National

A monitoring framework – how?

??National

Reporting

In-country

Implementation

??

Emissions Safeguards

National

A monitoring framework –

approaches

National Forest InventoryNational levelNational

Reporting

In-country

Implementation

National Forest Inventory

Independent Monitoring

Remote

Sensing

Monitoring

National level

Governance

????????

Governance Monitoring Initiatives

• Forest management, logging and timber trade

• REDD

Forest management, logging & timber trade

• Independent Forest Monitoring (IFM) – REM,

Global Witness, CONADEH, SGS, Imazon (1999)

• Illegal logging indicators – Chatham House (2006)

• Forest Transparency Report Card – Global Witness • Forest Transparency Report Card – Global Witness

(2008)

• Forest Governance Integrity Programme –

corruption monitoring tool - Transparency

International (2009)

• Analytical Framework for Governance Reforms –

World Bank (2009)

REDD

• Governance of Forests Initiative – WRI

• Country-led governance assessments –

UN-REDD

• IM-REDD – Global Witness

• Global Comparative Study on REDD -

CIFOR

• REDD+ Social & Environmental

Standards – CCBA / CARE

IFM Country Programmes

Cambodia

1999 – 2005

Global Witness

SGS

Cameroon

2000 –

Global Witness

REM

Congo

2006 –

REM (IM-FLEG)

Honduras

2005 –

Global Witness / CONADEH

CONADEH

Nicaragua

2006 –

Global Witness

Brazil

Imazon

Applied 10 years experience to REDD

IM-REDD

What needs to be monitored independently?

Policy

Regulations

Transparency

Engagement

Accountability

Enforcement

Accountability

Goods & Services

Quality of results of C-MRV

Revenue

Benefit distribution

Rights

What happens if we don’t do

IM-REDD?

Country-led Governance Assessments for

REDD + P

rep

ara

tio

nA

sse

ssm

en

tIdentify key

REDD+

stakeholders

Establish

Steering

committee

Identify national

institutions or

CSOs to host the

initiative

Conduct multi-

stakeholder

dialogue on

governance

Organize

assessment,

framework and

indicators

Conduct

assessment and

analyze the

results

Steps may have already been undertaken in UN-REDD

quick start countries or countries with an R-PP

Ass

ess

me

nt

Up

take

Use

governance

priorities

indicators results

Disseminate

results

Conduct multi-

stakeholder

consultation

Develop policy

recommendations

Conduct policy

reform based on

evidence

Institutionalize the

assessment to

conduct at regular

intervals

Informed by

framework of

indicators

A governance monitoring vision

• Common base for governance monitoring

– across purposes, policies, regions and scales

– avoid complexity

– avoid fragmentation (cf biodiversity..)– avoid fragmentation (cf biodiversity..)

• Context specific adaptation of methods and

indicators

• Ability to measure Change & Performance

• Integrated with overall MRV system

Three elements to measure change and

performance in governance?

1. Stakeholder participation

2. Legislation, implementation & enforcement2. Legislation, implementation & enforcement

3. Accountability & Transparency

What next?

• Process to achieve convergence and

standards

• Expand forest governance reporting in

FAO Forest Resources Assessment FAO Forest Resources Assessment

• The bigger picture beyond REDD

• Window of opportunity