References

1. R. Brown, Edinb. Phil. J. 5, 358 (1828); Philos. Mag. 4, 161 (1828); See also A. Fick,Poggendorff’s Annalen 94, 59 (1855), and (in English) Philos. Mag. S.4, 10, 30–39(1855).

2. R. Kohlrausch, Theorie des elektrischen Rückstandes in der Leidener Flasche; vonR. Kohlrausch, Pogg. Ann. Phys. Chem. 91, 179–214 (1854). For experimental data,see R. Kohlrausch, Pogg. Ann. Phys. Chem. 91, 56 (1854).

3. F. Kohlrausch, Ueber die elastische Nachwirkung bei der Torsion, Pogg. Ann. Phys. Chem.119, 337–368 (1863). Beiträge zur Kenntniss der elastischen Nachwirkung, Pogg. Ann.Phys. Chem.128, 1–20, 207–228, 399–419 (1866).

4. F. Kohlrausch, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der elastischen Nachwirkung, Pogg. Ann. Phys.Chem. 128, 1–20, 207–228, 399–419 (1866).

5. J.C. Maxwell, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (London) 157, 49 (1867).6. J.P. Joule, Mem. Manchr Literary Philos. Soc., 3rd ser., 3, 292 (1867); The Scientific Papers

of J. P. Joule, Vol. 1, Physical Society, London, p. 558 (1884).7. S.V. Nemilov, G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. 83, 3117 (2003).8. A. Einstein, Investigations on the Theory of Brownian Movement, Dover, New York, NY

(1956).9. J. Stachel, Ed., The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 2, pp. 170–182, 206–222,

Princeton University Press (1987).10. G.G. Stokes, On the Effect of the Internal Friction of Fluid on the Motion of Pendulums,

Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 9, 8–106 (1851).11. A. Einstein, Ann. d. Physik 17, 549 (1905).12. J. Perrin, Le Mouvement Brownien et la Réalité Moleculaire, Ann. Chim. Phys. (8me Serie),

5–114 (1909); J. Phys. Radium 5, 497 (1934); Atoms, Constable, London (1916). See alsoR. Newburgh, J. Peidle, W. Rueckner, Einstein, Perrin, and the Reality of Atoms:1905Revisited, Am. J. Phys. 74, 478 (2006).

13. M.V. Smoluchowski, Ann. d. Physik. 21, 756 (1906).14. P. Langevin, Sur la Theorie du Mouvement Brownien, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 146, 530

(1908). In English, Am. J. Phys. 65(11), 1079 (1997).15. R. Kubo, M. Toda, N. Hashitsumi, Statistical Physics II, Nonequilibrium Statistical

Mechanics, Springer, Berlin (1985).16. F. Perrin, J. Phys. Radium 5, 497 (1934).17. A. Einstein, Ann. d. Physik 19, 371 (1906).18. P. Debye, Physik. Z. 13n, 97 (1912).19. P. Debye, Ber. Deut. Phys. Ges. 55, 777 (1913).20. P. Debye, Polar Molecules, Dover, New York, NY (1929).21. S. Chandrasekhar, Rev. Modern Phys. 15, 1 (1943).22. J.K.G. Dhont, An Introduction to Dynamics of Colloids, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1996).23. B.J. Berne, R. Percora, Dynamic Light Scattering, Wiley, New York, NY (1976).

773K.L. Ngai, Relaxation and Diffusion in Complex Systems, Partially Ordered Systems,DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7649-9, C© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

774 References

24. K. Chang, The Nature of Glass Remains Anything but Clear (The New York Times,July 29, 2008). See a technical response to this New York Times article entitled The Natureof Glass: Somethings are Clear, by K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, M. Paluch,published in Metastable Systems under Pressure, NATO Science for Peace and SecuritySeries-A: Chemistry and Biology, S. Rzoska, A. Drozd-Rzoska, V. Mazur, Eds., Springer,pp. 3–30 (2010).

25. (a) P.W. Anderson, Through the Glass Lightly, Science 267, 1616 (1995); (b) R.G. Palmer,D.L. Stein, E. Abrahams, P.W. Anderson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 958 (1984); (c) M. Cardona,R.V. Chamberlin, W. Marx Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 16(12), 842 (2007). These authors assertthat the original paper of Kohlrausch was forgotten until it was cited by Palmer et al. in1984 [25(b)]. They went on to say that unfortunately Palmer et al. [25(b)] did not refer tothe correct 1854 paper by R. Kohlrausch but to a wrong one his published in 1847 [Pogg.Ann. Phys. Chem. 72, 353 (1847)]. Actually I and my coworkers have to share the blamefor incorrectly citing the 1847 paper of Kohlrausch in our 1983 paper [K.L. Ngai et al.,Phys. Rev. B 28, 6073 (1983).]. This paper published one year earlier than Palmer et al.[25(b)], as well as our interaction with Palmer and Stein at the Workshop on Relaxationin Disordered Systems that I organized in 1983, might have misled Palmer et al. to followsuit in citing the wrong 1847 paper of Kohlrausch. Incidentally in their paper [25(b)],Palmer et al. did cite the Proceedings of the 1983 Workshop I organized as well as myfirst publication of the Coupling Model in 1979 [K.L. Ngai, Comment Solid State Phys. 9,127 (1979).].

26. (a) P.-G. de Gennes, A Simple Picture for Structural Glasses, C. R. Physique 3, 1263(2002); (b) G.H. Frederickson, H.C. Anderson, J. Chem. Phys. 83, 5822 (1985); (c) T.R.Kirkpatrick, D. Thirumalai, P.G. Wolynes, Phys. Rev. A 40, 1045 (1989); (d) J.Y. Cavaille,J. Perez, G.P. Johari, Phys. Rev. B 39, 2411 (1989); (e) W. Götze, L. Sjögren, Rep. Prog.Phys. 55, 241–376 (1992); (f) J.C. Philips, Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1133 (1996); (g) D.Kivelson, G. Tajus, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 86 (1998); (h) F. Stillinger, Phys. Rev.E 59, 48 (1999); (i) M. Mézard, G. Parisi, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 12, 6655 (2000); (j) S.Franz, M. Mézard, G. Parisi, J. Stat. Phys. 97, 459 (1999); (k) J. Grigera, A. Cavagna,I. Giardina, G. Parisi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 55502 (2002); (l) J. Bendler, J. Fontanella,M.F. Shlesinger, Chem. Phys. 284, 311 (2002); (m) F. Ritort, P. Sollich, Adv. Phys. 52,219 (2003); (n) C. Toninelli, G. Biroli, D.S. Fisher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 185504 (2004);(o) A.V. Granato, V.A. Khonik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 155502 (2004); (p) J.P. Garrahan, D.Chandler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 9710 (2003); L. Berthier, D. Chandler, J.Garrahan, Europhys. Lett. 69, 320 (2005); (q) M. Tokuyama, I. Oppenheim, Phys. Rev. E50, R16 (1994); Physica A 216, 85 (1995); (r) J. Dudowicz, K.F. Freed, J.F. Douglas, J.Phys. Chem. B 109, 21350 (2005); Adv. Chem. Phys. 137, 125 (2008); (s) A. Widmer-Cooper, P. Harrowell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 185701 (2006); (t) P. Mayer, K. Miyazaki, D.R.Reichman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 095702 (2006); (u) V. Lubchenko, P.G. Wolynes, Annu.Rev. Phys. Chem. 58, 235 (2007); J.D. Stevenson, P.G. Wolynes, Nat. Phys. 6, 62 (2010);(v) E.J. Saltzman, K.S. Schweizer, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205123 (2007); (w) G.Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205101 (2007); (x) J.S. Langer, Phys.Today, February 8 (2007), Phys. Rev. E 78, 051115 (2008); J.S. Langer, S. Mukhopadhyay,Phys. Rev. E 77, 061505 (2008); (y) N. Xu, M. Wyart, A.J. Liu, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 175502 (2007); (z) U. Buchenau, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 074501 (2009), Phys. Rev. B 80,172201 (2009).

27. A.K. Doolittle, D.B. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys. 28, 901 (1957).28. (a) M.H. Cohen, D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1164 (1959); (b) M.H. Cohen, G.S. Grest,

Phys. Rev. B 20, 1077 (1979).29. J.D. Ferry, Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, NY (1980).30. G. Adam, J.H. Gibbs, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 139 (1965).31. W. Götze, in Liquids, Freezing and the Glass Transition, Proceedings of the Les Houches

Summer School of Theoretical Physics, Session LI (1989), J.-P. Hansen, D. Levesque, J.Zinn-Justin, Eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 287 (1991).

References 775

32. W. Götze, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11, A1–A45 (1999); W. Götze, Complex Dynamicsof Glass-Forming Liquids, International Series of Monographs on Physics 143, OxfordScience Publications, Oxford (2009).

33. W. Götze, M. Sperl, Phys. Rev. E. 66, 011405 (2002).34. W. Götze, M. Sperl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 105701 (2004).35. M. Sperl, Phys. Rev. E 74, 011503 (2006).36. M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 51, 3728 (1969).37. C.A. Angell, Science 267, 1924 (1995).38. S. Sastry, P.G. Debenedetti, F.H. Stillinger, Nature 393, 554 (1998).39. P.G. Debenedetti, F.H. Stillinger, Nature 410, 259 (2001).40. D.J. Wales, Energy Landscapes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003).41. P.G. de Gennes, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 572 (1971).42. M. Doi, S.F. Edwards, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II 14, 1789, 1802, 1818 (1978).43. W.W. Graessley, Adv. Polym. Sci. 47, 67 (1982).44. M. Doi, S.F. Edwards, The Theory of Polymer Dynamics, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1986).45. T.C.B. McLeish, Adv. Phys. 51, 1379 (2002).46. J.C. Dyre, T.B. Schrøder, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 873 (2000).47. K.L. Ngai, Comment Solid State Phys. 9, 127 (1979).48. K.L. Ngai, Comment Solid State Phys. 9, 141 (1979).49. L. Boltzmann, Pogg. Ann. Physik 7, 108 (1876).50. R. Balescu, Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Wiley, New York, NY

(1975).51. H.B. Callen, T.A. Welton, Phys. Rev. 83, 34 (1951).52. I.L. Hopkins, R.W. Hamming, J. Appl. Phys. 28, 906 (1957).53. J.E. McKinney, H.V. Belcher, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. A67, 43 (1963).54. P.B. Macedo, C.T. Moynihan, R. Bose, Phys. Chem. Glasses 13, 171 (1972).55. F.S. Howell, R.A. Bose, P.B. Macedo, C.T. Moynihan, J. Phys. Chem. 78, 639 (1974).56. (a) For a review of electric modulus, see I.M. Hodge, K.L. Ngai, C.T. Moynihan, J. Non-

Cryst. Solids 351, 104 (2005); (b) K.L. Ngai, C. León, Phys. Rev. B, 60, 9396 (1999); (c)K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 9393 (2000).

57. R. Richert, H. Wagner, Solid State Ion. 105, 167 (1998).58. N.O. Birge, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2674 (1985).59. M. Beiner, J. Korus, H. Lockwenz, K. Schröter, E. Donth, Macromolecules 29, 5183

(1996).60. M. Beiner, S. Kahle, E. Hempel, K. Schröter, E. Donth, Europhys. Lett. 44, 321 (1998).61. R. Greiner, F.R. Schwarzl, Rheol. Acta, 23, 378 (1984).62. A.J. Kovacs, Fortschr. Hochpolym.-Forsch. 3, 394 (1964).63. R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys., 113, 8404 (2000).64. C. Bauer, R. Böhmer, S. Moreno-Flores, R. Richert, H. Sillescu, D. Neher, Phys. Rev. E

61, 1755 (2000).65. R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, 12, 570 (1957).66. N.H. March, M.P. Tosi, Atomic Dynamics in Liquids, McMillan, London (1976).67. S.W. Lovesey, Condensed Matter Physics: Dynamic Correlations, Benjamin, Reading, MA

(1980).68. J.P. Boon, S. Yip, Molecular Hydrodynamics, McGraw Hill, New York, NY (1980).69. J.-P. Hansen, I.R. McDonald, Theory of Simple Liquids, Academic, London (1986).70. S. Dattagupta, Relaxation Phenomena in Condensed Matter Physics, Academic, Orlando,

FL (1987).71. G.D.J. Phillies, Elementary Lectures in Statistical Mechanics, Springer, New York, NY

(2000).72. R. Kubo, Rep. Prog. Phys. 29, 255 (1966).73. R. Zwanzig, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 16, 67 (1965).74. S.H. Glarum, J. Chem. Phys. 33, 639 (1960).

776 References

75. R.H. Cole, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 40, 1 (1989).76. G. Williams, Adv. Polym. Sci. 33, 60 (1979).77. G. Williams, D.C. Watts, in NMR Basic Principles and Progress, P. Diehl, E. Flick, E.

Kosfeld, Eds., Springer, Berlin, Vol. 4, p. 271 (1971).78. D.M.F. Edwards, P.A. Madden, I.R. McDonald, Mol. Phys. 51, 1141 (1984).79. H. Takeuchi, R. Roe, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7446 (1991).80. D. Bedrov, G.D. Smith, Macromolecules 38, 10314 (2005).81. B. Chu, Laser Light Scattering, Academic, New York, NY (1974).82. B.J. Berne, R. Pecora, Dynamic Light Scattering, Wiley, New York, NY (1976).83. C.H. Wang, Spectroscopy of Condensed Media, Academic, New York, NY (1985).84. R. Pecora, Ed., Dynamic Light Scattering, Academic, New York, NY (1986).85. (a) G.D. Patterson, in Ref. [84], Chapter 6, p. 260; (b) C.P. Lindsey, G.D. Pattersn, J.R.

Stevens, J. Polym. Sci. Part B. Polym. Phys. 17, 1547 (1979); (c) C.P. Lindsey, G.D.Patterson, J. Chem. Phys.73, 3348 (1980).

86. W. Brown, Light Scattering: Principles and Development, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1996).87. K.L. Ngai, G. Floudas, D.J. Plazek, A.K. Rizos, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and

Technology, Wiley, New York, NY (2002).88. C.H. Wang, Mol. Phys. 41, 541 (1980).89. K.M. Zero, R. Pecora, Macromolecules, 15, 87 (1982).90. A.K. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 46, 8126 (1992).91. G. Petekidis, D. Vlassopoulos, G. Fytas, R. Ruelkens, G. Wegner, Macromolecules 31,

6129 (1998).92. A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1962).93. K. Schmidt-Rohr, H.W. Spiess, Multidimensional Solid State NMR and Polymers,

Academic, London (1994).94. R. Böhmer, G. Diezemann, G. Hinze, E. Rössler, Prog. Nucl. Mag. Reson. Spectrosc. 39,

191 (2001).95. S.W. Lovesey, Theory of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter, Oxford University

Press, Oxford (1994).96. (a) T. Springer, Quasielastic Neutron Scattering for the Investigation of Diffusive Motions

in Solids and Liquids, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 64, Springer, Berlin (1972);(b) F. Mezei, in Liquids, Freezing and Glass Transition, J.P. Hansen, D. Levesque, J. Zinn-Justin, J., Eds., North Holland, Amsterdam, p. 629 (1991).

97. L. Van Hove, Phys. Rev. 95, 249 (1954).98. A. Rahman, Phys. Rev. A 136, 405 (1964).99. M.S. Green, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 1036 (1951).

100. H. Nyquist, Phys. Rev. 32, 110 (1928).101. R. Kubo, Rep. Progr. Phys. 29, 255 (1966). Cited before as [72].102. H.K. Onnes, Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, Nos. 119, 120, 122 (1911).103. J. Bardeen, L.N. Cooper, J.R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. 106, 162 (1957).104. See articles in Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 279 (1976), 371 (1981), 484 (1986).105. G.P. Johari, M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 2372 (1970).106. N.G. McCrum, B.E. Read, G. Williams, Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymeric

Solids, Wiley, New York, NY (1991).107. See articles in Relaxation in Complex Systems, K.L. Ngai, G.B. Wright, Eds., National

Technical Information Service, US Department Commerce, Springfield, VA (1984).108. G.P. Johari, in Plastic Deformation of Amorphous and Semicrystalline Materials, Les

Houches Lectures (Les Editions de Physiques, France, 1982), p. 109 (1982).109. See articles in Proceedings of the 1st, 2nd , 3rd, 4th and 5th International Discussion

Meetings on Relaxations in Complex Systems, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133 (1991),172–174 (1994), 235–237 (1998), 307–310 (2002), 352, issues 42–49 (2006).

110. See articles in Disorder Effects on Relaxational Processes, R. Richert, A. Blumen, Eds.,Springer, Berlin (1994), in particular pp. 89–150 of the article by K.L. Ngai entitledUniversal Patterns of Relaxations in Complex Correlated Systems.

References 777

111. K.L. Ngai, Evidences for Universal Behavior of Condensed Mater at LowFrequencies/Long Times, in Non-Debye Relaxation in Condensed Matter, T.V.Ramakrishnan, M. Raj Lakshmi, Eds., World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 23–193 (1987).

112. R. Böhmer, K.L. Ngai, C.A. Angell, D.J. Plazek, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 4201 (1993).113. See papers in Supercooled Liquids, Advances and Novel Applications; ACS Symposium

Series, Vol. 676, J.T. Fourkas, D. Kivelson, U. Mohanty, K. Nelson, Eds., AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC (1997).

114. C.A. Angell, K.L. Ngai, G.B. McKenna, P.F. McMillan, S.W. Martin, J. Appl. Phys. 88,3113 (2000).

115. (a) K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 275, 7 (2000); (b) K.L. Ngai, C.T. Moynihan, TheDynamics of Mobile Ions in Ionically Conducting Glasses and Other Materials, Bull.Mater. Res. Soc. 23 (11), 51 (1998); (c) K.L. Ngai, IEEE Trans. Dielectrics ElectricalInsulations 8, 329 (2001).

116. P.G. Debenedetti, F.H. Stillinger, Nature 410, 259 (2001).117. See articles in Adv. Chem. Phys. Part B, Fractals, Diffusion and Relaxation in Disordered

Complex Systems, Y.P. Kalmykov, W.T. Coffey, S.A. Rice, Eds., Vol. 133, Wiley, NewYork, NY (2006).

118. P.G. Debenedetti, Metastable Liquids: Concepts and Principles, Princeton UniversityPress, Princeton, NJ.

119. C.M. Roland, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, R. Casalini, Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1405(2005).

120. K.L. Ngai, R. Casalini, S. Capaccioli, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, Adv. Chem. Phys. Part B,Fractals, Diffusion and Relaxation in Disordered Complex Systems, Y.P. Kalmykov, W.T.Coffey, S.A. Rice, Eds., Chapter 10, Wiley, New York, NY, Vol. 133, pp. 497–585 (2006).

121. E. Donth, The Glass Transition, Springer Series in Material Science, Vol. 48, Springer,Berlin, Heidelberg (2001).

122. See articles in Structure, Dynamics and Properties of Silicate Melts, Reviews inMineralogy, J.F. Stebbins, P.F. McMillan, D.B. Dingwell, Eds., Mineralogical Society ofAmerica, Washington, DC, Vol. 32 (1995).

123. S.V. Nemilov, Thermodynamics and Kinetic Aspects of the Vitreous State, CRC Press, AnnArbor, MI (1995).

124. A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric Relaxation in Solids, Chelsea Dielectric Press, London (1983).125. A. Inoue, Bulk Amorphous Alloys, Trans Tech Publications, Zürich (1998).126. W.L. Johnson, Mater. Res. Bull. 11, 104 (1999).127. F. Faupel et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 237 (2003).128. W.H. Wang, C. Dong, C.H. Shek, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 44, 45–89 (2004).129. See articles in Amorphous Metallic Alloys, F.E. Luborsky, Ed., Butterworth, London

(1983).130. P.G. Debenedetti, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, R1669–R1726 (2003).131. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, N. Shinyashiki, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 3826 (2008).132. F. Parak, G.U. Nienhaus, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 362 (1991); F.G. Parak, K.

Achterhold, S. Croci, M. Schmidt, J. Biol. Phys. 33, 371 (2007).133. D. Ringe, G.A. Petsko, Biophys. Chem. 105, 667–680 (2003).134. P. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, B. McMahon, R.D. Young, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 14408

(2005).135. G. Cottone, G. Ciccotti, L. Cordone, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9862 (2002).136. B.C. Hancock, G. Zografi, J. Pharm. Sci. 86, 1 (1997).137. C. Bhugra, R. Shmeis, S.L. Krill, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 455 (2008).138. J. Einfeldt, D. Meissner, A. Kwasniewski, Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1419 (2001).139. K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, S. Hensel-Bielowka, E. Chelmecka, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, P.

Wlodarczyk, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 7662 (2008).140. A. Robert, E. Wandersman, E. Dubois, V. Dupuis, R. Perzynski, Europhys. Lett. 75, 764

(2006).

778 References

141. (a) E.R. Weeks, J.C. Crocker, A.C. Levitt, A. Schofield, D.A. Weitz, Science 287, 627(2000); (b) E.R. Weeks, D.A. Weitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 095704 (2002).

142. W. van Megan, S.M. Underwood, Phys. Rev. E 49, 4206 (1994); For new results showingdeviations from MCT prediction see G. Brambilla et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 085703(2009); ibid. 104, 169602 (2010); and D. El Masri et al., J. Stat. Mech. (2009) P07015.

143. P.N. Segre, P.N. Pusey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 771 (1996). Equilibrium dynamics of concen-tration suspensions of colloidal hard spheres have been extended to times ∼ 105 s andvolume fraction up to 0.5970 by G. Brambilla et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 085703 (2009);ibid. 104, 169602 (2010); D. El Masri et al., J. Stat. Mech. P07015 (2009). See commentsby J. Reinhardt et al., and by van Megan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 199604, and 104,169601 (2010), and replies by G. Brambilla et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 199605, and 104,169602 (2010).

144. D.L. Leslie-Pelecky, N.O. Birge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1232 (1994).145. R. Brand, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 10386 (2002); Th. Bauer, M.

Köhler, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, C.A. Angell, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 144509 (2010).146. C.A. Angell, Chem. Rev. 90, 523 (1990).147. C.A. Angell, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 172, 1 (1992).148. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 232 (1996).149. K.L. Ngai, J. Habasaki, C. Leon, A. Rivera, Z. Phys. Chem. 219, 47 (2005).150. K.J. Moreno, G. Mendoza-Suárez, A.F. Fuentes, J. García-Barriocanal, C. León, J.

Santamaria, Phys. Rev. B 71, 132301 (2005).151. P.J. Wilde, C.R.A. Catlow, Solid State Ionics 112, 173 (1998).152. P.J. Wilde, C.R.A. Catlow, Solid State Ionics 112, 185 (1998).153. M. Pirzada, R.W. Grimes, L. Minervini, J.F. Maguire, K.E. Sickafus, Solid State Ionics

140, 201 (2001).154. T. Welton, Chem. Rev. 99, 2071 (1999).155. M.J. Earle, K.R. Seddon, Pure Appl. Chem. 72, 1398 (2000).156. P. Wasserscheid, W. Keim, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 3772 (2000).157. S.H. Chung, R. Lopato, S.G. Greenbaum, H. Shirota, E.W. Castner Jr., J.F. Wishart, J. Phys.

Chem. B 111, 4885 (2007).158. N. Ito, R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 5016 (2007).159. K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 26211 (2006).160. P.W. Anderson, Phys. Today, 43, 9 (1990).161. F. Crick, What Mad Pursuit, Basic Books, New York, NY (1988).162. C.A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W.H. Wright, L.B. Nesbitt, Phys. Rev. 78, 487 (1950); E.

Maxwell, Phys. Rev. 78, 477 (1950).163. H. Fröhlich, Phys. Rev. 79, 845 (1950).164. J. Bardeen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 261 (1951).165. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Rubber Chem. Tech. Rubber Rev. 68, 376 (1995).166. D.J. Plazek, J. Phys. Chem. 69, 3480 (1965).167. D.J. Plazek, J. Polym. Sci. Part A-2 6, 621 (1968).168. D.J. Plazek, V.M. O’Rourke, J. Polym. Sci. Part A-2 9, 209 (1971).169. (a) D.J. Plazek, E. Riande, H. Markovitz, N. Raghupathi, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed.

17, 2189 (1979); (b) D.J. Plazek, Polymer J. 12, 43 (1980).170. D.J. Plazek, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 20, 729 (1982).171. D.J. Plazek, J. Rheol. 40, 987 (1996); J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 3783 (2007).172. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, S.S. Deo, Macromolecules 20, 3047 (1987).173. K.L. Ngai, in Physical Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Chapter 2, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge (2003).174. K. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, but see also the Duhem-Quine thesis in Can

Theories Be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis, S.G. Harding ed., D. ReidelPublishing, Dordrecht, Holland (1975).

175. K.L. Ngai, Comment Solid State Phys. 9, 127 (1979).

References 779

176. K.L. Ngai, Comment Solid State Phys. 9, 141 (1979).177. K.L. Ngai, C.T. White, Phys. Rev. B 20, 2475 (1979).178. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Jonscher, C.T. White, Nature 277, 185 (1979).179. A.K. Rajagopal, K.L. Ngai, S. Teitler, J. Phys. C 17, 6611 (1984).180. (a) K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rajagopal, S. Teitler, Physica 133A, 213 (1985); (b) K.L. Ngai, A.K.

Rajagopal, R.W. Rendell, S. Teitler, Phys. Rev. B 28, 6073 (1983); (c) A.A. Jones, J.F.O’Gara, P.T. Inglefield, J.T. Bendler, A.F. Yee, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 16, 685 (1983).

181. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rajagopal, S. Teitler, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 6088 (1988).182. A.K. Rajagopal, K.L. Ngai, S. Teitler, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 5A, 97 (1988).183. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rajagopal, S. Teitler, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 5A, 103 (1988).184. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 942 (1991).185. A.K. Rajagopal, K.L. Ngai, S. Teitler, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 282 (1991); J. Chem.

Phys. 92, 243 (1990).186. K.L. Ngai, S.L. Peng, K.Y. Tsang, Physica A 191, 523 (1992).187. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, G.N. Greaves, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 182, 172 (1995).188. K.Y. Tsang, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. E 54, R3067 (1996).189. K.Y. Tsang, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. E 56, R17 (1997).190. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, in Supercooled Liquids, Advances and Novel Applications, J.T.

Fourkas, D. Kivelson, U. Mohanty, K. Nelson, Eds., Chapter 4, ACS Symposium SeriesVol. 676, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 45–66 (1997).

191. R.W. Rendell, Phys. Rev. E 48, R17 (1993).192. K.L. Ngai, K.Y. Tsang, Phys. Rev. E 60, 4511 (1999).193. K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. C 12, 6437 (2000).194. K.L. Ngai, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insulation 8, 329 (2001).195. K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S1107 (2003).196. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 2635 (2005).197. K.L. Ngai, Adv. Colloid Interface. Sci. 64, 1 (1996).198. K.L. Ngai, G.D.J. Phillies, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 8385 (1996); K.L. Ngai, Macromol. Symp.

146, 117 (1999).199. G. Fytas, Th. Dorfmuller, B. Chu, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 22, 1471 (1984).200. G. Fytas, Th. Dorfmuller, Y.H. Lin, B. Chu, Macromolecules, 14, 1088 (1981).201. K.L. Ngai, G. Fytas, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 24, 1683 (1986).202. G. Fytas, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 21, 804 (1988).203. G. Fytas, G. Floudas, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 23, 1104 (1990).204. A. Patkowski, W. Steffen, G. Meier, E.W. Fischer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 52 (1994).205. W. Steffen, A. Patkowski, H. Gläser, G. Meier, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. E 49, 2992 (1994).206. D.J. Plazek, C. Bero, S. Neumeister, G. Floudas, G. Fytas, K.L. Ngai, Colloid Polym. Sci.

272, 1430 (1994).207. A.K. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 31, 6217 (1998).208. A.K. Rizos, T. Jian, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 28, 517 (1995).209. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, A.K. Rizos, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 35, 5992 (1997).210. A.K. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Polymer 38, 6103 (1997).211. S. Kahle, J. Gapinski, G. Hinze, A. Patkowski, G. Meier, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074506

(2005).212. G. Williams, D.C. Watts, Trans. Faraday Soc. 66, 80 (1970).213. G. Williams, D.C. Watts, S.B. Dev, A.M. North, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 1323 (1971).214. P.K. Dixon, Phys. Rev. B 42, 8179 (1990).215. C.A. Angell, in Relaxation in Complex Systems, K.L. Ngai, G.B. Wright, Eds., US

Department Commerce, Springfield, MA, p. 3 (1985).216. C.A. Angell, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 13 (1991).217. K.S. Cole, R.H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 9, 341 (1941).218. D.W. Davidson, R.H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 1484 (1951).219. S. Havriliak, S. Negami, J. Poly. Sci. C 14, 99 (1966).

780 References

220. P.K. Dixon, L. Wu, S. Nagel, B.D. Williams, J.P. Carini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1108 (1990).221. R. Bergman, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1356 (2000).222. T. Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, P. Medick, C. Tsichirwitz, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 124,

134503 (2006).223. W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vols. 1 and 2, Wiley,

New York, NY (1967).224. M.F. Shlesinger, G.M. Zaslavsky, J. Klafter, Nature (London) 363, 31 (1993).225. J. Klafter, A. Blumen, M.F. Shlesinger, Phys. Rev. A 35, 3081 (1987).226. (a) K. Schmidt-Rohr, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3020 (1991); (b) J. Leisen, K.

Schmidt-Rohr, H.W. Spiess, Physica A 201, 79 (1993).227. A. Heuer, M. Wilhelm, H. Zimmermann, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2851 (1997).228. For review of other works, see R. Böhmer et al., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 1 (1998);

R. Böhmer, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 3, 378 (1998).229. C.T. Moynihan, J. Schroeder, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 160, 52 (1993).230. B. Schiener, R.V. Chamberlin, G. Diezemann, R. Böhmer, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 7746

(1997).231. R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 6323 (1997).232. C.T. Moynihan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 781 (1998).233. H. Sillescu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 243, 81 (1999).234. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, in The Symmetric and Fully Distributed Solution to a Generalized

Dining Philosophers Problem, Relaxation in Complex Systems and Related Topics, I.A.Campbell C. Giovannella, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, NY, pp. 309–316 (1990).

235. H. Sillescu, R. Böhmer, G. Diezemann, G. Hinze, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 16 (2002).236. F. Stickel, Untersuchung der Dynamik in niedermolekularen Flüssigkeiten mit

Dielektrischer Spektroskopie, Shaker, Aachen (1995).237. C. León, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4045 (1999).238. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Polymer 43, 567 (2002).239. A. Döß, M. Paluch, H. Sillescu, G. Hinze, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 095701 (2002).240. R. Nozaki, D. Suzuki, S. Ozawa, Y. Shiozaki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 393 (1998).241. C. León, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 11585 (1999).242. S. Corezzi, M. Beiner, H. Huth, K. Schröter, S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, D. Fioretto, E.

Donth, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2435 (2002).243. M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Gapinski, A. Patkowski, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 3177 (2003).244. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 26, 6824 (1993).245. A.K. Rizos, R.M. Johnsen, W. Brown, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 28, 5450 (1995).246. G. Floudas, A.K. Rizos, W. Brown, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 27, 2719 (1994).247. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, V.M. O’Rourke, Macromolecules 30, 5450 (1997).248. K.L. Ngai, I. Echeverria, D.J. Plazek, Macromolecules 29, 7937 (1997).249. L. David, A. Sekkat, S. Etienne, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 214 (1994).250. L. David, C. Girard, R. Dolmazon, M. Albrand, S. Etienne, Macromolecules 29, 8343

(1996).251. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6982 (1998).252. K.L. Ngai, T.R. Gopalkrishnan, M. Beiner, Polymer 47, 7222 (2006).253. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 3639 (1999).254. E. Bartsch, M. Antonietti, W. Schupp, H. Sillescu, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 3950 (1992).255. W. van Megen, S.M. Underwood, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 7841 (1988).256. M.P. Allen, D.J. Tildesley, Eds., Computer Simulation of Liquids, Oxford Science, Oxford

(1987).257. J.E. Lennard-Jones, Proc. R. Soc. A 106, 463 (1924).258. L.J. Lewis, G. Wahnström, Phys. Rev. E 50, 3865 (1994).259. B.W.H. van Beest, G.J. Kramer, R.A. van Santen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1955 (1990).260. J. Horbach, W. Kob, K. Binder, Philos. Mag. B 235 and 237, 320 (1998).261. F. Sciortino, W. Kob, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 648 (2001).262. G.J. Kramer, A.J.M. de Man, R.A. van Santen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 6435 (1991).

References 781

263. J. Horbach, W. Kob, K. Binder, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S903 (2003).264. P. Bordat, F. Affouard, M. Descamps, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 105502 (2004); J.

Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4630 (2006).265. W. Kob, H.C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. E 51, 4626 (1995).266. C.T. Moynihan, P.B. Macedo, C.J. Montrose, P.K. Gupta, M.A. DeBolt, J.F. Dill, B.E.

Dom, P.W. Drake, A.J. Esteal, P.B. Elterman, R.P. Moeller, H. Sasabe, J.A. Wilder, Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 279, 15 (1976).

267. K.L. Ngai, S. Mashimo, G. Fytas, Macromolecules 21, 3030 (1988).268. K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 10684 (1999).269. L. Comez, D. Fioretto, L. Palmieri, L. Verdini, P.A. Rolla, J. Gapinski, A. Patkowski, W.

Steffen, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. E 60, 3086 (1999).270. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. B 79, 1783 (1999).271. H. Takeuchi, R.-J. Roe, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7446 (1991).272. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 7588 (1993).273. R.-J. Roe, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7446 (1992), 100, 1610 (1994); J. Non-Cryst. Solids

235–238, 308 (1998).274. D. Chakrabarti, B. Bagchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 187801 (2006).275. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 709 (2007).276. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rajagopal, T.P. Lodge, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 28, 1367 (1990).277. P.A.M. Dirac, Lectures on Quantum Mechanics, Belfer Graduate School of Science

Monograph Ser. No. 2, Yeshiva University, New York, NY (1964).278. D. Bonn, W.K. Kegel, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 2005 (2003).279. M. Tatsumisago, C.A. Angell, S.W. Martin, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 6968 (1992).280. S. Estalji, O. Kanert, J. Steinert, H. Jain, K. L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 43, 7481 (1991); S.

Estalji, R. Küchler, O. Kanert, R. Bolter, H. Jain, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. C2 2,159 (1992).

281. O. Kanert, R. Küchler, S. Estalji, K.L. Ngai, H. Jain, in The Physics of Non-CrystallineSolids, L.D. Pye et al., Eds., Taylor and Francis, New York, NY, p. 178 (1992).

282. O. Kanert, R. Küchler, K.L. Ngai, H. Jain, Phys. Rev. B 49, 76 (1994).283. B. Munro, M. Schrader, P. Heitjans, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96, 1718 (1992).284. M. Trunnel, D.R. Torgeson, S.W. Martin, F. Borsa, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 139, 257 (1992).285. W. Franke, P. Heitjans, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96, 1674 (1992); W. Franke, P.

Heitjans, B. Munro, M. Schrader, in Proceedings of XII International Conference onDefects in Insulating Materials, Schloss Nordkirchen, Germany, O. Kanert, J.-M. Spaeth,Eds., World Scientific, Singapore, p. 1009 (1993).

286. F. Borsa, D.R. Torgeson, S.W. Martin, H.K. Patel, Phys. Rev. B 46, 795 (1992).287. F. Borsa, D.R. Torgeson, A. Pradel, M. Ribes, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1315 (1994).288. K.H. Kim, D.R. Torgeson, F. Borsa, S.W. Martin, Solid State Ionics 90, 29 (1995).289. V. Blache, J. Förster, H. Jain, O. Kanert, R. Küchler, K.L. Ngai, Solid State Ionics 113–115,

723 (1998).290. J. Bjorkstam, M. Villa, Phys. Rev. B 22, 5033 (1980).291. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 6424 (1993).292. K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 48, 13481 (1993).293. K.L. Ngai, Solid State Ionics 61, 345 (1993).294. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 162 (1993) 268.295. M. Meyer, P. Maass, A. Bunde, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 573 (1993).296. M. Beiner, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 22, 869 (2001).297. M. Beiner, H. Huth, Nat Mater. 2, 595 (2003); S. Pankaj, M. Beiner, J. Phys. Chem. B 114,

15459 (2010).298. S. Hiller, O. Pascui, H. Budde, O. Kabisch, D. Reichert, M. Beiner, New J. Phys. 6, 10

(2004).299. K.L. Ngai, E. Kaminska, M. Sekuła, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 204507 (2005).300. J.H. Simmons, P.B. Macedo, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 75A, 175 (1971).301. R.E. Robertson, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Sym. 68, 173 (1978); J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys.

17, 597 (1979).

782 References

302. E. Donth, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 53, 325 (1982).303. A.J. Kovacs, J.J. Aklonis, J.M. Hutchinson, A.R. Ramos, Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 17,

1097 (1979).304. For a review, see G.B. McKenna, in Comprehensive Polymer Science, Polymer Properties,

C. Booth, C. Price, Eds., Pergamon, Oxford, Vol. 2, pp. 311–362 (1989).305. S.H. Glarum, J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1371 (1960).306. (a) M.F. Shlesinger, E.W. Montroll, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81, 1280 (1984); (b)

M.F. Shlesinger, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39, 269 (1988); (c) J. Bendler, J. Fontanella,M. Shlesinger, Chem. Phys. 284, 311 (2002).

307. J. Colmenero, A. Alegria, A. Arbe, B. Frick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 478 (1992); J. Colmenero,A. Arbe, A. Alegria, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2603 (1993); J. Colmenero, A. Arbe, A. Alegria,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 126, (1994).

308. J. Colmenero, A. Arbe, G. Coddens, B. Frick, C. Mijangos, H. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. Lett.78, 1928 (1997).

309. M. Kiebel, E. Bartsch, O. Debus, F. Fujara, W. Petry, H. Sillescu, Phys. Rev. B 45, 10310(1992).

310. (a) R. Zorn, A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, B. Frick, D. Richter, U. Buchenau, Phys. Rev. E 52,781 (1995); (b) R. Zorn, D. Richter, B. Frick, B. Farago, Physica (Amsterdam) 201A, 52(1993).

311. A. Triolo, R.E. Lechner, A. Desmedt, T.F. Telling, V. Arrighi, Macromolecules 35, 7039(2002); A. Triolo, O. Russina, V. Arrighi, F. Juranyi, S. Janssen, C.M. Gordon, J. Chem.Phys. 119, 8549 (2003).

312. (a) V.G. Sakai, J.K. Maranas, Z. Chowdhuri, I. Peral, J.R.D. Copley, J. Polym. Sci. BPolym. Phys. 43, 2914 (2005); (b) V.G. Sakai, J.K. Maranas, I. Peral, J.R.D. Copley,Macromolecules 41, 3701 (2008). In this paper, the fast process observed at times beforetc=1 ps is broader than a linear exponential function. This is possible for polymers, becauseof chain connectivity.

313. K.L. Ngai, J. Colmenero, A. Arbe, A. Alegria, Macromolecules 25, 6727 (1992).314. J. Colmenero, A. Arbe, A. Alegria, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 229 (1994).315. G. Wahnström, L.J. Lewis, Physica A 201, 150 (1993).316. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, L.J. Lewis, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 4632 (1995).317. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, Mech. Time-Dependent Mater. 66, 109 (1997).318. P. Sindzingre, M. Klein, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 4681 (1992).319. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 4437 (1997).320. S. Kämmerer, W. Kob, R. Schilling, Phys. Rev. E 56, 5450 (1997).321. C. Donati, S.C. Glotzer, P.H. Poole, W. Kob, S.J. Plimpton, Phys. Rev. E 60, 3107 (1999).322. P. Scheidler, W. Kob, K. Binder, Eur. Phys. J. E 12, 5 (2003).323. C. De Michele, D. Leporini, Phys. Rev. E. 63, 036701 (2001).324. J. Colmenero, F. Alvarez, A. Arbe, Phys. Rev. E 65, 041804 (2002).325. A. Neelakantan, J.K. Maranas, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 465 (2004).326. F. Affouard, E. Cochin, F. Danède, R. Decressain, M. Descamps, J. Chem. Phys. 123,

084501 (2005).327. T. Pakula, J. Teichmann, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 455, 211 (1997).328. P. Polanowski, T. Pakula, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 4022 (2002).329. K.L. Ngai, F.S. Liu, Phys. Rev. B 24, 1049 (1981). K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Philos. Mag.

77, 621 (1998).330. (a) G. Hinze, D.D. Brace, S.D. Gottke, M.D. Fayer, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 3723 (2000); (b)

S.D. Gottke, D.D. Brace, G. Hinze, M.D. Fayer, J. Phys. Chem. 105, 238 (2001).331. D.D. Brace, S.D. Gottke, H. Cang, M.D. Fayer, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 1598 (2002).332. H. Cang, V.N. Novikov, M.D. Fayer, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 2800 (2003).333. J. Li, I. Wang, K. Fruchey, M.D. Fayer, J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 10384 (2006).334. C. Cramer, K. Funke, T. Saatkamp, Philos. Mag. B 71, 701 (1995); K.L. Ngai, C. Cramer,

T. Saatkamp, K. Funke, in Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses

References 783

and Amorphous Materials, M. Giordano, D. Leporini, M.P. Tosi, Eds., World Scientific,Singapore, pp. 3–24 (1996).

335. K. Funke, B. Heimann, M. Vering, D. Wilmer, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, A395 (2001).336. U. Strom, J.R. Hendrickson, R.J. Wagner, P.C. Taylor, Solid State Commun. 15, 1871

(1974); U. Strom, P.C. Taylor, Phys. Rev. B 16, 5512 (1977).337. K.N. Pham, S.U. Egelhaaf, P.N. Pusey, W.C.K. Poon, Phys. Rev. E 69, 011503 (2004).338. B. Abou, D. Bonn, J. Meunier, Phys. Rev. E 64, 021510 (2001).339. D. Bonn, H. Tanaka, G. Wegdam, H. Kellay, J. Meunier, Europhys. Lett. 45, 52 (1999).340. B. Ruzicka, L. Zulian, G. Ruocco, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 258301 (2004).341. B. Ruzicka, L. Zulian, G. Ruocco, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, S4993 (2004).342. B. Ruzicka, L. Zulian, G. Ruocco, Langmuir 22, 1106 (2006).343. R. Di Leonardo, S. Gentilini, F. Ianni, G. Ruocco, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4928 (2006).344. L. Zulian, B. Ruzicka, G. Ruocco, S. Capaccioli, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 3885 (2007).345. S. Jabbari-Farouji, G.H. Wegdam, D. Bonn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 065701 (2007).346. K.L. Ngai, G. Floudas, A.K. Rizos, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 6957 (1997).347. K.L. Ngai, J.H. Magill, D.J. Plazek, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 1887 (2000).348. (a) C. Hansen, F. Stickel, R. Richert, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 6408 (1998); (b) C.

Hansen, F. Stickel, T. Berger, R. Richert, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 1086 (1997).349. E.P. Wigner, Statistical Properties of Real Symmetric Matrices with Many Dimensions,

in Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Mathematical Congress, University of Toronto Press,Toronto, Canada, pp. 174–184 (1957).

350. A collection of original papers by E.P. Wigner and others on random matrices and appli-cations can be found in Statistical Theories of Spectra: Fluctuations, Charles E. Porter,Academic, New York, NY (1965).

351. M.L. Mehta, Random Matrices, 2nd ed., Academic, New York, NY (1991).352. J. Dyson, J. Math. Phys. 3, 140, 157, 166, 1191, 1199 (1962).353. O. Bohigas, Random Matrix Theories and Chaotic Dynamics, in Chaos and Quantum

Physics, Les Houches Summer School Session, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol. 52, p. 87 (1991).354. L.P. Gorkov, G.M. Eliashberg, Soviet Phys. JETP 21, 940 (1965).355. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205114 (2007).356. (a) D. Bedrov, G.D. Smith, Macromolecules 39, 8526 (2006); (b) G.D. Smith, D. Bedrov,

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 45, 627 (2007); (c) D. Bedrov, G.D. Smith, reported atthe 6th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxation in Complex Systems, August 30–September 4th 2009, and to be published in Special Issue of J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2011).

357. The Dining Philosopher Problem, a classic multi-process synchronization problem in com-puter science first set forth by E. Dijkstra in 1965 and reformulated by Sir Charles AnthonyRichard Hoare. G. Kolata, Science 223, 917 (1984).

358. A.A. Jones, J.F. O’Gara, P.T. Inglefield, J.T. Bendler, A.F. Yee, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules16, 685 (1983).

359. G.B. McKenna, K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Polymer 26, 1651 (1985).360. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. Ed. 24, 619 (1986).361. K.L. Ngai, C.H. Wang, G. Fytas, D.L. Plazek, D.J. Plazek, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 4768 (1987).362. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, H. Jain, Phys. Rev. B 30, 2133 (1984).363. R.S. McKay, J.D. Meiss, Eds., Hamiltonian Dynamic Systems, Adam Hilger, Bristol

(1987).364. S.W. McDonald, A.N. Kaufman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1189 (1979).365. O. Bohigas, M.J. Giannoni, C. Schmit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1 (1984).366. G. Casati, F. Valz-Gris, I. Guarneri, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 28, 279 (1980).367. M.V. Berry, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 413 183 (1987).368. M.C. Gutzwiller, Chaos in Classical and Quantum Mechanics, Springer, New York, NY

(1990).369. This subject is still actively being pursued at recent times, see J.P. Keating, S. Müller, Proc.

R. Soc. A 463, 3241 (2007).

784 References

370. H.-J. Stöckmann, Quantum Chaos: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge (1999).

371. C. Jaffe, W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 5191 (1982).372. R.B. Shirts, W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 5204 (1982).373. S.H. Strogatz, R. Mirollo, P.C. Mathews, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2730 (1992).374. Von W. Oldekop, Glasstechnische Berichte 30, 8 (1957).375. W.T. Laughlin, D.R. Uhlmann, J. Phys. Chem. 76, 2317 (1972).376. E. Fermi, Phys. Rev. 75, 1169 (1949).377. K.Y. Tsang, M.A. Lieberman, Physica D 11, 147 (1984); Phys. Lett. 103A, 175 (1984);

Physica D 21, 401 (1986).378. M.A. Lieberman, K.Y. Tsang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 908 (1985).379. M.A. Lieberman, A.J. Lichtenberg, Phys. Rev. A 5, 1852 (1972).380. E. Fermi, J. Pasta, S. Ulam, in Collected Papers of E. Fermi, E. Segré, Ed., University of

Chicago Press, Chicago, Vol. 2, p. 978 (1965).381. G.P. Tsironis, S. Aubry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5225 (1996).382. A. Bikaki, N.K. Voulgarakis, S. Aubry, G.P. Tsironis 59, 1234 (1999).383. S. Flach, A.V. Gorbach, Phys. Rep. 467, 1–116 (2008).384. G. Kalosakas, K.L. Ngai, S. Flach, Phys. Rev. E 71, 061901 (2005).385. M.H. Cohen, D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1164 (1959).386. R.A. Pethrick, F.M. Jacobsen, O.E. Morgensen, M. Eldrup, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.

II 76, 225 (1980).387. K.L. Ngai, L-R Bao, A.F. Yee, C.L. Soles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 215901 (2001).388. J. Bartos, J. Kristiak, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 5666 (2000).389. J. Bartoš, O. Šauša, J. Krištiak, T. Blochowicz, E. Rössler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13,

11473 (2001).390. G. Dlubek, M.Q. Shaikh, K. Raetzke, F. Faupel, J. Pionteck, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys.

130, 144906 (2009).391. W. Kauzmann, Chem. Rev. 43, 219 (1948).392. J.H. Gibbs, E.A. DiMarzio, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 373 (1958).393. H. Vogel, Phys. Z. 22, 645 (1921).394. G.S. Fulcher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8, 339 (1925).395. G. Tammann, W. Hesse, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 156, 245 (1926).396. J.H. Magill, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 2802 (1967). It turns out that the tri(naphthyl) benzene used

in this work was not the tri-α isomer but the 1,3-bis(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl) benzene,ααβ-TNB (C.M. Whitaker, R.J. McMahon, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 1081 (1996)).

397. Z. Wojnarowska, K. Adrjanowicz, P. Wlodarczyk, E. Kaminska, K. Kaminski, K.Grzybowska, R. Wrzalik, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 12536 (2009).

398. R. Richert, C.A. Angell, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 9016 (1998).399. D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, P.A. Rolla, Phys. Rev. B 67, 174202

(2003).400. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 8958 (2000).401. K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 5895 (1999); K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, D.J. Plazek, J.

Chem. Phys. 94, 3018 (1991).402. C.M. Roland, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, R. Casalini, J. Chem. Phys 120, 10640 (2004).403. S. Corezzi, S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, D. Fioretto, M. Paluch, P.A. Rolla, Chem. Phys.

Lett. 320, 113 (2000).404. M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 4767 (1976).405. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 7518 (2000).406. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 751 (2000).407. G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. B 81, 1935 (2001).408. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 1744 (2002).409. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 2043 (2002).410. G.P. Johari, Chem. Phys. 265, 217 (2001).

References 785

411. G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 3600 (2001).412. G.P. Johari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 288, 148 (2001).413. G.P. Johari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 387 (2002).414. C.A. Angell, S. Borick, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 393 (2002).415. G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 5048 (2003).416. K.L. Ngai, O. Yamamuro, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 10403 (1999).417. C.M. Roland, P.G. Santangelo, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 5593 (1999).418. C.M. Roland, P.G. Santangelo, D.J. Plazek, K.M. Bernatz, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 9337

(1999).419. G.P. Johari, M. Beiner, C. Macdonald, J.J. Wang, Non-Cryst. Solids 278, 58 (2001).420. O. Yamamuro, I. Tsukushi, A. Lindqvist, S. Takahara, M. Ishikawa, T. Matsuo, J. Phys.

Chem. B. 102, 1605 (1998); M. Ishikawa, O. Yamamuro, T. Matsuo, H. Takakura, N.Achiwa, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 32, S842 (1998); S. Takahara, O. Yamamuro, T. Matsuo,J. Phys. Chem. 99, 9589 (1995).

421. U. Tracht, M. Wilhelm, A. Heuer, H. Feng, K. Schmidt-Rohr, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 2727 (1998).

422. S.A. Reinsberg, A. Heuer, B. Doliwa, H. Zimmermann, H.W. Spiess, J. Non-Cryst. Solids307–310, 208 (2002).

423. R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 68, 014201 (2003).424. K.L. Ngai, P. Lunkenheimer, C. León, U. Schneider, R. Brand, A. Loidl, J. Chem. Phys.

115, 1405 (2001).425. E. Hempel, G. Hempel, A. Hensel, C. Schick, E. Donth, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2460 (2000).426. K. Schröter, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 3249 (2006).427. G. Kolata, Science 223, 917 (1984).428. D. Lehman, M. Rabin, in Conference Record of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium

on Principles of Programming Language, Association for Computing Machinery,Williamsburg, VA, January 26–28, pp. 133–138 (1981).

429. M. Ediger, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51, 99 (2000).430. H. Sillescu, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 4877 (1996).431. R. Böhmer, G. Hinze, G. Diezemann, B. Geil, H. Sillescu, Europhys. Lett. 36, 55 (1996).432. A. Heuer, Phys. Rev. E 56, 730 (1997).433. G. Hinze, Phys. Rev. E 57, 2010 (1998).434. S.C. Kuebler, A. Heuer, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. E 56, 741 (1997).435. U. Tracht, A. Heuer, S.A. Reinsberg, H.W. Spiess, Appl. Magn. Reson. 17, 227 (1999).436. G. Hinze, G. Diezemann, H. Sillescu, Europhys. Lett. 44, 565 (1998).437. S.Y. Grebenkin, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 15369 (2008).438. M.T. Cicerone, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 5684 (1995).439. H. Wendt, R. Richert, Phys. Rev. E 61, 1722 (2000).440. E.V. Russell, N.E. Israeloff, Nature (London) 408, 695 (2000).441. F. Qi, T. El Goresy, R. Böhmer, A. Doss, G. Diezemann, G. Hinze, H. Sillescu, T.

Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, E.A. Rössler, H. Zimmermann, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7431 (2003).442. C.Y. Wang, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 6933 (2000).443. D. Bingemann, N. Wirth, J. Gmeiner, E.A. Rössler, Macromolecule 40, 5379 (2007).444. B. Schiener, R. Böhmer, A. Loidl, R.V. Chamberlin, Science 274, 752 (1996).445. B. Schiener, R.V. Chamberlin, G. Diezemann, R. Böhmer, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 7746

(1997).446. S.C. Glotzer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 274, 342 (2000), and references therein.447. L. Berthier, Phys. Rev. E 69, 020201 (2004).448. T. Pakula, J. Mol. Liquids 86, 109 (2000).449. M.T. Cicerone, F.R. Blackburn, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 471 (1995).450. M.T. Cicerone, P.A. Wagner, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 8727 (1997).451. D. Bainbridge, M.D. Ediger, Rheol. Acta 36, 209 (1997).452. M.D. Ediger, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 10 (1998).

786 References

453. S.F. Swallen, P.A. Bonvallet, R.J. McMahon, M.D. Ediger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 15901(2003); S.F. Swallen et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 4600 (2009).

454. M.K. Mapes, S.F. Swallen, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 507 (2006).455. R. Richert, K. Duvvuri, L.J. Duong, J. Chem. Phys. 118 1828 (2003).456. R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 154502 (2005).457. J.R. Rajian, W. Huang, R. Richert, E.L. Quitevis, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 014510 (2006).458. L. Comez, D. Fioretto, L. Palmieri, L. Verdini, P.A. Rolla, J. Gapinski, A. Patkowski, W.

Steffen, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. E 60, 3086 (1999).459. A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 590 (1998).460. A. Arbe, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, J. Phys. Condens. Matter

11, A363 (1999).461. B. Frick, G. Dosseh, A. Cailliaux, C. Alba-Simionesco, Chem. Phys. 292, 311 (2003).462. A. Heuer, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1335 (1999).463. A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1336 (1999).464. J. Colmenero, A. Arbe, F. Alvarez, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, B. Farago, B. Frick, J.

Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S1127 (2003).465. M. Zamponi, A. Wischnewski, M. Monkenbusch, L. Willner, D. Richter, P. Falus, B.

Farago, M.G. Guenza, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16220 (2008).466. P. Maass, N. Petersen, A. Bunde, W. Dieterich, H.E. Roman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 52 (1991).467. W. Dieterich, D. Knödler, P. Pendzig, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1237 (1994); , J. Mol.

D. Knödler, P. Pendzig, W. Dieterich, Solid State Ionics 70–71, 356 (1994); D. Knödler, P.Pendzig, W. Dieterich, Solid State Ionics 86–88, 29 (1996).

468. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Y. Hiwatari, Phys. Rev. E 66, 021205 (2002).469. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 214725 (2005).470. J. Habasaki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 3956 (2007).471. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 4673 (2007).472. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 034503 (2008).473. A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, F. Alvarez, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, B. Farago, B. Frick, Phys.

Rev. Lett. 89, 245701 (2002).474. B. Farago, A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, R. Faust, U. Buchenau, D. Richter, Phys. Rev. E 65,

051803 (2002).475. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Y. Hiwatari, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 8195 (2004).476. X.H. Qiu, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 459 (2003).477. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205114 (2007).478. R.W. Rendell, K.L. Ngai, S. Mashimo, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 2359 (1987).479. D.J. Plazek, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 24, 1222 (1991).480. R. Böhmer, C.A. Angell, Phys. Rev. B 45, 10091 (1992).481. K.L. Ngai, M. Beiner, Macromolecules 37, 8123 (2004).482. (a) T.R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Beiner, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 40 (2006); (b) M. Beiner, AIP

Conf. Proc. 832, 134 (2006) American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY; (c) A. Arbe,A.-C. Genix, S. Arrese-Igor, J. Colmenero, D. Richter, Macromolecules 43, 3107 (2010).

483. D. Kivelson, S.A. Kivelson, X. Zhao, Z. Nussinov, G. Tarjus, Physica A 219, 27 (1995).484. E.W. Fischer, E. Donth, W. Steffen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2344 (1992).485. C.L. Jackson, G.B. McKenna, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 221 (1991).486. For a review, see M. Alcoutlabi, G.B. McKenna, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17, 461

(2005).487. See papers published in Dynamics in Confinement, Eur. Phys. J. E 12 (2003).488. (a) P. Pissis, D. Daoukaki-Diamanti, L. Apekis, C. Christodoulides, J. Phys. C 6, L32

(1994); (b) G. Barut, P. Pissis, R. Pelster, G. Nimitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3543 (1998);(c) P. Pissis, A. Kyritsis, G. Barut, R. Pelster, G. Nimtz, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 444(1998).

489. F. Kremer, A. Huwe, M. Arndt, P. Behrens, W. Schwieger, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11,A175 (1999).

References 787

490. M. Arndt, R. Stannarius, H. Groothues, E. Hempel, F. Kremer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2077(1997); M. Arndt, R. Stannarius, W. Gorbatschow, F. Kremer, Phys. Rev. E 54, 5377(1996); J. Koppensteiner, W. Schranz, M.A. Carpenter, Phys. Rev. B 81, 024202 (2010).

491. A. Huwe, F. Kremer, P. Behrens, W. Schwieger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2338 (1999).492. T. Ruths, Ph.D. Thesis, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz (1997).493. A. Patkowski, T. Ruths, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. E 67, 021501 (2003).494. (a) K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11, A119 (1999); (b) Eur. Phys. J. E 12, 93 (2003).495. S.H. Anastasiadis, K. Karatasos, G. Vlachos, E. Manias, E.P. Giannelis, Phys. Rev. Lett.

84, 915 (2000).496. K.L. Ngai, Eur. Phys. J. E 8, 225 (2002).497. D. Morineau, Y. Xia, Ch. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 8966 (2002).498. A. Schönhals, H. Goering, Ch. Schick, B. Frick, R. Zorn, Eur. J. Phys. E Soft Matter 12,

173 (2003).499. A. Schönhals, H. Goering, Ch. Schick, B. Frick, R. Zorn, Colloid Polym. Sci. 282, 882

(2004).500. A. Schönhals, H. Goering, Ch. Schick, B. Frick, R. Zorn, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 2668

(2005).501. R. Richert et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 895 (2003).502. C. Alba-Simionesco et al., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18, R15–R68 (2006).503. A. Kyritsis, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, 4318 (2007).504. J. Mijovic, H. Lee, J. Kenny, J. Mays, Macromolecules 39, 2172 (2006).505. K.L. Ngai, Eur. Phys. J. E 12, 93 (2003).506. K.L. Ngai, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 44, 2980 (2006).507. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 84, 1341 (2004); K.L. Ngai, Johari-Goldstein or primitive relax-

ation: Terminator of caged dynamics and precursor of the α-relaxation. AIP Conf. Proc.708, 515–523 (2004).

508. S. Capaccioli, M.S. Thayyil, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16035 (2008).509. U. Buchenau, R. Zorn, Europhys. Lett. 18, 523 (1992).510. C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 12, 6463 (2000).511. S. Franz, G. Parisi, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 12, 6335 (2000).512. C. Donati, S. Franz, G. Parisi, S.C. Glotzer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 215 (2002).513. G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, Europhys. Lett. 67, 21 (2004).514. L. Berthier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 055701 (2003).515. Y. Hiwatari, T. Muranaka, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 19 (1998).516. B. Doliwa, A. Heuer, Phys. Rev. E 61, 6898 (2000).517. C. Bennemann, C. Donati, J. Baschnagel, S.C. Glotzer, Nature 399, 246 (1999).518. G. Biroli, J.P. Bouchaud, Europhys. Lett. 67, 21 (2004).519. S.C. Glotzer, V.V. Novikov, T.B. Schrøder, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 509 (2000).520. N. Lacevic, F.W. Starr, T.B. Schrøder, V.N. Novikov, S.C. Glotzer, Phys. Rev. E 66,

030101R (2002).521. N. Lacevic, S.C. Glotzer, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S2437 (2003).522. N. Lacevic, F.W. Starr, T.B. Schrøder, S.C. Glotzer, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 7372 (2003).523. L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, L. Cipelletti, D. El Masri, D. L’Hôte, F. Ladieu, M.

Pierno, Science 310, 1797 (2005).524. L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, W. Kob, K. Miyazaki, D.R. Reichman, J. Chem.

Phys. 126, 184503 (2007).525. C. Dalle-Ferrier, C. Thibierge, C. Alba-Simionesco, L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud,

F. Ladieu, D. L’Hôte, G. Tarjus, Phys. Rev. E 76, 041510 (2007).526. S. Capaccioli, G. Ruocco, F. Zamponi, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 10652 (2008).527. C. Toninelli, M. Wyart, L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, Phys. Rev. E 71, 041505

(2005); L. Berthier, G. Biroli, arXiv:1011.2578, but unaware dynamic heterogeneity failsto explain breakdown of SE relation in TNB, OTP and SB.

528. (a) C. Toninelli, M. Wyart, L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, Phys. Rev. E 71, 041505(2005); (b) C.M. Roland, D. Fragiadakis, D. Coslovich, S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem.Phys. 133, 124507 (2010).

788 References

529. A.K. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. E 59, 612 (1999).530. N.A. Bokov, N.S. Andreev, Sov. J. Glass Phys. Chem. 15, 243 (1989).531. C.T. Moynihan, J. Schroeder, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 160, 52 (1993).532. C.A. Angell, L.-M. Wang, S. Mossa, Y. Yue, J.R.D. Copley, in Slow Dynamics in Complex

Systems, 3rd Intern’al Symposium, M. Tokuyama, I. Oppenheim, Eds., AIP ConferenceProceedings, Vol. 708, p. 473 (2004).

533. J.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 114901 (2007).534. C.A. Angell, L. Monnerie, L.M. Torrel, MRS Symposium Proceedings, Material Research

Society, Pittsburgh, PA, Vol. 215, p. 3 (1991).535. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 95 and 96, 969 (1987). See also I. Hodge, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 202, 164 (1996) and comment of this paper by C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 212, 74 (1997).

536. J.C. Phillips, J. Non Cryst. Solids 34, 153 (1979), 43, 37 (1982), Solid State Phys. 37, 93(1981), Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1133 (1996).

537. M.F. Thorpe, J. Non Cryst. Solids 57, 355 (1983); H. He, M.F. Thorpe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54,2107 (1985).

538. W. Bresser, P. Boolchand, P. Suranyi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2493 (1986).539. P. Boolchand et al., Solid State Ionics 39, 81 (1990).540. M. Tatsumisago, B.L. Halfpap, J.L. Green, S.M. Lindsay, C.A. Angell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64

1549 (1990).541. W.A. Kamitakahara et al., Phys. Rev. B 44, 94 (1991).542. R. Fabian, Jr., D.L. Sidebottom, Phys. Rev.B 80, 064201 (2009).543. X.W. Feng, W.J. Bresser, P. Boolchand, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4422 (1997).544. D. Selvanathan, W.J. Bresser, P. Boolchand, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 15061 (2000).545. D.G. Georgiev, P. Boolchand, M. Micoulaut, Phys. Rev. B, 62, R9228 (2000).546. Y. Wang, P. Boolchand, M. Micoulaut, Europhys. Lett. 52, 633 (2000).547. (a) K.U. Schug, H.E. King, Jr., R. Bohmer, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1472 (1998); (b) R.

Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 245702 (2004); (c) C. Alba-Simionesco, A.Cailliaux, A. Alegria, G. Tarjus, Europhys. Lett. 68, 58 (2004).

548. M. Paluch, S. Hensel-Bielowka, T. Psurek, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 4374 (2000).549. M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, S. Pawlus, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 10932 (2002).550. M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 316, 413 (2003).551. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 71, 073501 (2005).552. M. Paluch, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 10978 (1999).553. M. Paluch, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, Phys. Rev. E 61, 526 (2000).554. D.M. Colucci, G.B. McKenna, J.J. Filliben, A. Lee, D.B. Bowman, J.D. Russell, J. Polym.

Polym. Sci., Phys. Ed. 35, 1561 (1997).555. D. Huang, D.M. Colucci, G.B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 3925 (2002).556. M. Paluch, R. Casalini, S. Hensel-Bielowka, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9839

(2002).557. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 72, 031503 (2005).558. K. Niss, C. Dalle-Ferrier, G. Tarjus, C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19,

076102 (2007).559. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 29, 5747 (1996).560. P.G. Santangelo, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 31, 4581 (1998).561. D. Huang, G.B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 5621 (2001).562. L.-M. Wang, V. Velikov, C.A. Angell, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 10184 (2002).563. K. Ito, C.T. Moynihan, C.A. Angell, Nature 398, 492 (1999).564. L.-M. Martinez, C.A. Angell, Nature (London) 410, 663 (2001).565. R.J. Speedy, Mol. Phys. 95, 169 (1998).566. A. Scala, F. Starr, E. La Nave, F. Sciortino, H.E. Stanley, Nature 406, 166 (2000).567. S. Sastry, Nature 409, 164 (2001).568. F.H. Stillinger, P.G. Debenedetti, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 3353 (2002).

References 789

569. D.J. Wales, J.P.K. Doye, Phys. Rev. B 63, 214204 (2001).570. G. Ruocco, F. Sciortino, F. Zamponi, C. De Michele, T. Scopigno, J. Chem. Phys. 120,

10666 (2004).571. (a) T. Scopigno, G. Ruocco, F. Sette, G. Monaco, Science 302, 849 (2003). There is break-

down of the correlation when experimental data of polymers including PVC, BPA-PC,PMMA, PET, PIB, PVAc, and PS from Buchenau and Wischnewski [572] are added tothe original data of mainly small molecular glassformers in Scopigno et al. Correlationwas restored after accounting for the effect of the secondary relaxation processes byT. Scopigno, D. Cangiolosi, G. Ruocco, Phys. Rev. B 81, 100202 (2010), but not restoredfor PIB and PS as found by C. Dalle-Ferrier et al., Macromolecules 43, 8977 (2010).

572. U. Buchenau, A. Wischnewski, Phys. Rev. B 70, 092201 (2004).573. L.-M. Wang, C.A. Angell, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 10353 (2003).574. (a) L.-M. Wang, C. A. Angell, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 074505 (2006); (b) L.-M.

Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5168 (2009); (c) L.-M. Wang, Z. Chen, Y. Zhao, R. Liu, Y.Tian, J. Alloys Compounds 504S, S201 (2010).

575. V. Lubchenko, P.G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 9088 (2003).576. J.D. Stevenson, P.G. Wolynes, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 15093 (2005).577. T.R. Kirkpatrick, D. Thirumalai, Phys. Rev. A 40, 1045 (1989).578. X. Xia, P.G. Wolynes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 2990 (2000).579. G. Parisi, G. Ruocco, F. Zamponi, Phys. Rev. E 69, 061505 (2004).580. A. Sokolov, A. Kisliuk, D. Quitmann, A. Kudlik, E. Rössler, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174,

138 (1994).581. R.W. Hall, P.G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 2943 (1987).582. R.W. Hall, P.G. Wolynes, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 301 (2008).583. J. Dyre, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 953 (2006).584. V.N. Novikov, A.P. Sokolov, Nature (London) 431, 961 (2004).585. V.N. Novikov, Y. Ding, A.P. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. E 71, 061501 (2005).586. G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. 86, 1567 (2006).587. S.N. Yannopoulos, G.P. Johari, Nature 442, E7 (2006).588. (a) C.M. Roland, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, R. Casalini, Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1405

(2005); (b) C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 134505 (2005); (c) R. Casalini,C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 71, 014210 (2005).

589. P. Santangelo, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 31, 4581 (1998).590. A.K. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 31, 6217 (1998).591. Y. Ding, V.N. Novikov, A.P. Sokolov, Macromolecules 37, 9264 (2004).592. K. Kunal, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J.E. Puskas, Y. Chen, A.P. Sokolov, J. Polym. Sci. B

Polym. Phys. 46, 1390 (2008).593. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 29, 5747 (1996).594. S. Shahriari, A. Mandanici, L.-M. Wang, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8960 (2004).595. K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 71, 214201 (2005).596. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, M. Paluch, Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 259 (2003).597. M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 10872 (2001).598. L. Torell, L. Borjesson, M. Elmroth, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2, SA207 (1990).599. K. Schröter, E. Donth, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 307–310, 270 (2002).600. R. Zorn, G.B. McKenna, L. Willner, D. Richter, Macromolecules 28, 8552 (1996).601. M. Connolly, F. Karasz, M. Trimmer, Macromolecules 28, 1872 (1995).602. A. Patkowski, M. Paluch, H. Kriegs, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2192 (2002).603. S. Capaccioli, M. Paluch, unpublished.604. K. Adrjanowicz, K. Kaminski, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 125902

(2010).605. J.N. Sherwood, The Plastically Crystalline State, Wiley, New York, NY (1979).606. K. Adachi, H. Suga, S. Seki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 41, 1073 (1968).607. A. Srinivasan, F.J. Bermejo, A. de Andres, J. Dawidowski, J. Zuniga, A. Criado, Phys. Rev.

B 53, 8172 (1996).

790 References

608. M.A. Ramos, S. Vieira, F.J. Bermejo, J. Dawidowski, H.E. Fischer, H. Schober, M.A.Gonzalez, C.K. Loong, D.L. Price, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 82 (1997).

609. M.A. Miller, J. Ruiz, F.J. Bermejo, N.O. Birge, Phys. Rev. B 57, R13977 (1998).610. B. Kuchta, M. Descamps, F. Affouard, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6753 (1998).611. R. Brand, P. Lunkenheimer, U. Schneider, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8878 (2000).612. S. Benkhof, A. Kudlik, T. Blochowicz, E. Rössler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10, 8155

(1998).613. R. Brand, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. B 56, R5713 (1997).614. K. Kessairi, S. Capaccioli, V. Castelvetro, M. Lucchesi, K.L. Ngai, to be published.615. A. Döss, M. Paluch, H. Sillescu, G. Hinze, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 6582 (2002).616. S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, K. Kessairi, M. Lucchesi, P. Rolla, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353,

3984 (2007); 357, 251 (2011).617. (a) D. Weitz, J. Mattsson, H. Wyss, A. Fernandes-Nieves, K. Miyusaka, D. Reichman,

“Soft colloids make stronger glasses”, talk given at the 6th IDMRCS, Rome, Italy, 8/31–9/4 (2009); (b) J. Mattsson, H.M. Wyss, A. Fernandez-Nieves, K. Miyazaki, Z. Hu, D.R.Reichman, D.A. Weitz, Nature 462, 83 (2009); (c) E. Bartsch, M. Antonietti, W. Schupp,H. Sillescu, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 3950 (1992).

618. K.L. Ngai, R. Casalini, S. Capaccioli, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 109,17356 (2005).

619. K. Akabori, H. Atarashi, M. Ozawa, T. Kondo, T. Nagamura, K. Tanaka, Polymer 50, 4868(2009).

620. D.U. Ahn, S.Y. Kwak, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 286, 17 (2001).621. F. Stickel, E.W. Fischer, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2043 (1996).622. J. Colmenero, A. Alegria, P.G. Santangelo, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 27,

407 (1994).623. A. Gilchrist, J.E. Earley, R.H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 26, 196 (1957).624. G. Williams, Trans. Faraday Soc. 60, 1548 (1964), 61, 1564 (1965), 62, 2091(1966).625. H. Sasabe, S. Saito, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 6, 1401 (1968); Polym. J. (Tokyo) 3,

624 (1972).626. H. Sasabe, S. Saito, M. Asahina, H. Kakutani, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 7, 1405

(1969).627. J.P. Johari, E. Whalley, Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 6, 23 (1972).628. T. Atake, C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. 83, 3218 (1979).629. G. Fytas, A. Patkowski, G. Meier, Th. Dorfmüller, Macromolecules 15, 21 (1982).630. G. Fytas G, Th. Dorfmüller, C.H. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 5041 (1983).631. W. Heinrich, B. Stoll, Colloid Polym. Sci. 263, 873 (1985).632. M. Naoki, K. Matsumoto, M. Matsushita, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 4423 (1986); M. Naoki, H.

Endou, K. Matsumoto, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 4169 (1987); M. Naoki, S. Katahira, J. Phys.Chem. 95, 431 (1991).

633. (a) W.F. Oliver, C.A. Herbst, S.M. Lindsay, G.H. Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2795 (1991);(b) R.L. Cook, H.E. King, Jr., C.A. Herbst, D.R. Herschbach, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 5178(1994).

634. O. Yamamuro, S. Takahara, H. Suga, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 183, 144 (1995); S. Takahara,M. Ishikawa, O. Yamamuro, T. Matsuo, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 792 (1999).

635. K.U. Schug, H.E. King, Jr., R. Böhmer, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1472 (1998).636. S.P. Andersson, O. Andersson, Macromolecules 31, 2999 (1998).637. G. Floudas, T. Reisinger, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 5201(1999).638. G. Floudas, C. Gravalides, T. Reisinger, G. Wegner, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 9847 (1999).639. G. Floudas, G. Fytas, T. Reisinger, G. Wegner J. Chem. Phys. 111, 9129 (1999).640. S. Corezzi, P.A. Rolla, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, D. Fioretto, Phys. Rev. E 60, 4444 (1999).641. J. Köplinger, G. Kasper, S. Hunklinger, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 4701 (2000).642. A. Tölle, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 1473 (2001).643. J. Gapinski, M. Paluch, A. Patkowski, Phys. Rev. E 66, 011501 (2002).

References 791

644. A. Patkowski, M. Matos Lopes, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 1579 (2003).645. A. Alegría, D. Gómez, J. Colmenero, Macromolecules 35, 2030 (2002).646. C. Dreyfus, A. Aouadi, J. Gapinski, M. Matos-Lopes, W. Steffen, A. Patkowski, R.M.

Pick, Phys. Rev. E 68, 011204 (2003); C. Dreyfus, A. Le Grand, J. Gapinski, W. Steffen,A. Patkowski, Eur. J. Phys. 42, 309 (2004).

647. B. Frick, C. Alba-Simionesco, K.H. Andersen, L.P. Willner, Phys. Rev. E 67, 051801(2003).

648. A. Cailliaux, C. Alba-Simonesco, B. Frick, L. Willner, I. Goncharenko, Phys. Rev. E 67,010802 (2003).

649. B. Frick, G. Dosseh, A. Cailliaux, C. Alba-Simionesco, Chem. Phys. 292, 311 (2003).650. T. Psurek, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9882 (2002).651. S. Hensel-Bielowka, T. Psurek, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, Phys. Rev. E 63, 62301 (2001).652. (a) R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 4052 (2003); (b) R. Casalini, C.M.

Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 11951 (2003); (c) C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, R. Bergman,J. Mattsson, Phys. Rev. B 77, 012201 (2008); (d) S.P. Andersson, O. Andersson,Macromolecules 31, 2999 (1998).

653. R. Casalini, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5701 (2003).654. S. Pawlus, R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, M. Paluch, S.J. Rzoska, J. Ziolo, Phys. Rev. E 70,

061501 (2004).655. R. Casalini, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 2369 (2003).656. R. Casalini, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. E 67, 031505 (2003).657. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 015702 (2003).658. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 69, 094202 (2004).659. (a) S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2317

(2002); (b) S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 106,12459 (2002).

660. S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, M. Sekula, K.L. Ngai, S.J. Rzoska, J. Ziolo, Phys. Rev. E 68, 021503(2003).

661. M. Sekula, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Phys.Chem. B 108, 4997 (2004).

662. G. Floudas, Prog. Poly. Sci. 29, 1143 (2004).663. M. Naoki, K. Ujita, S. Kashima, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 12356 (1993).664. T. Okuchi, G.D. Cody, Ho-kwang Mao, R.J. Hemley, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 244509 (2005).665. A. Reiser, G. Kasper, S. Hunklinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 125701 (2004).666. P. Papadopoulos, D. Peristeraki, G. Floudas, G. Koutalas, N. Hadjichristidis,

Macromolecules 37, 8116 (2004).667. M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, E. Kaminska, D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, P.A.

Rolla, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 234506 (2005).668. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 38, 1779 (2005).669. S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 351, 2643 (2005).670. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1405

(2005).671. S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 014502 (2005).672. (a) K. Kessairi, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, S. Sharifi, P.A. Rolla, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353,

4273 (2007); (b) K. Kessairi, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa,Italy (2007).

673. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, S. Sharifi, K. Kessairi, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, J. Non-Cryst.Solids 353, 4278 (2007).

674. S. Capaccioli, K. Kessairi, D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, P. Rolla, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353,3984 (2007).

675. D. Prevosto, K. Kessairi, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucches, P.A. Rolla, Philos. Mag. 87, 643(2007).

792 References

676. M. Mierzwa, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, E. Kaminska, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 044512(2008).

677. K. Kessairi, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, S. Sharifi, P.A. Rolla, J. Phys. Chem.B, 112, 4470 (2008).

678. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 355,705 (2009).

679. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli, P. Rolla, K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 88, 4047 (2008).680. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 88, 4007 (2008).681. (a) L.P. Singh, S.S.N. Murthy, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 5110 (2009); (b) L.P. Singh,

S.S.N. Murthy, G. Singh, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 9278 (2009).682. (a) U. Schneider, R. Brand, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5560 (2000);

(b) P. Lunkenheimer et al., 77, 318 (1996).683. C. Svanberg, R. Bergman, P. Jacobsson, Europhys. Lett. 64, 358 (2003).684. E. Kaminska, K. Kaminski, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 352, 4672 (2006).685. K.L. Ngai, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 857 (2004).686. M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, E. Kaminska, D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, P.A.

Rolla, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 234506 (2005).687. S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, D. Prevosto, P.A. Rolla, unpublished.688. T. Psurek, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, Physica A 331, 353 (2004).689. R. Casalini, T. Psurek, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Mol. Liq. 111, 53 (2004).690. T. Psurek, S. Hensel-Bielowka, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9882 (2002).691. S. Hensel-Bielowka, T. Psurek, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, Phys. Rev. E 63, 62301 (2001).692. M. Naoki, M. Matsushita, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 56, 2396 (1983).693. M. Masuko, A. Suzuki, S. Hanai, H. Okabe, Jpn. J. Tribol. 42, 455 (1997).694. A. Suzuki, M. Masuko, T. Nakayama, H. Okabe, Jpn. J. Tribol. 42, 467 (1997).695. A. Suzuki, M. Masuko, T. Nikkuni, Tribol. Int. 33, 107 (2000).696. G. Williams, in Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials, J.P. Runt, J.J. Fitzgerald,

Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 3 (1997).697. S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, K. Kessairi, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Roland, Philos. Mag. 87, 681

(2007).698. S.H. Zhang, R. Casalini, J. Runt, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 36, 9917 (2003).699. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, P. Santangelo, M. Sekula, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, Macromolecules

36, 4954 (2003).700. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, M. Paluch, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 42, 4313 (2004).701. C.M. Roland, T. Psurek, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 41, 3047

(2003).702. M. Mierzwa, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J.R. Sangoro, F. Kremer, to be published.703. K. Mpoukouvalas, G. Floudas, B. Verdonck, F.E. Du Prez, Phys. Rev. E 72, 011802 (2005).704. R.D. Rogers, K.R. Seddon, Eds., Ionic Liquids IIIA, B:Fundamentals, Progress,

Challenges, and Opportunities; ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society,Washington, DC, Vol. 901 (2005).

705. P. Wasserscheid, T. Welton, Eds., Ionic Liquids in Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim,Germany (2003).

706. A. Rivera-Calzada, K. Kaminski, C. Léon, M. Paluch, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 3110 (2008).707. For a review of the use of electric modulus to characterize ionic conductivity relaxation,

see, I.M. Hodge, K.L. Ngai, C.T. Moynihan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 104 (2005).708. For references, see K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, P. Wlodarczyk, S. Pawlus, D. Kimla, A.

Kasprzycka, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo,W. Szeja, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 25045 (2006).709. G. Fytas, G. Meier, Th. Dorfmuller, A. Patkowski, Macromolecules 15, 214 (1982).710. G. Fytas, A. Patkowski, G. Meier, Th. Dorfmuller, Macromolecules 15, 874 (1982).711. G. Fytas, A. Patkowski, G. Meier, Th. Dorfmuller, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 2214 (1980).712. G.D. Patterson, J.R. Stevens, P.J. Carroll, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 622 (1980).

References 793

713. S.W. Smith, B.D. Freeman, C.K. Hall, Macromolecules 30, 2052 (1997).714. G. Fytas, Th. Dorfmuller, C.H. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 5041 (1983).715. Y.-H. Hwang, G.Q. Shen, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11, 1453 (1999).716. H. Leyser, A. Schulte, W. Doster, W. Petry, Phys. Rev. E 51, 5899 (1995).717. A. Tölle, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 1473 (2001).718. L. Comez, D. Fioretto, H. Kriegs, W. Steffen, Phys. Rev. E 66, 032501 (2002).719. L. Comez, S. Corezzi, D. Fioretto, H. Kiegs, A. Best, W. Steffen, Phys. Rev. E 70, 011504

(2004).720. D.L. Sidebottom, C.M. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. B 40, 461 (1988).721. T. Berger, Ph.D. Thesis, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany

(1996).722. M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Gapinski, A. Patkowski, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 3177 (2003).723. M. Paluch, A. Patkowski, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2140 (2000).724. M. Paluch, J. Gapinski, A. Patkowski, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 8048 (2001).725. A. Patkowski, M. Paluch, H. Kriegs, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2192 (2002).726. M. Paluch, R. Casalini, A. Best, A. Patkowski, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7624 (2002).727. A. Patkowski, J. Gapinski, G. Meier, Colloid Polym. Sci. 282, 874 (2004).728. J. Gapinski, M. Paluch, A. Patkowski, Phys. Rev. E 66, 011501 (2002).729. C.M. Roland, K.J. McGrath, R. Casalini, Macromolecules 38, 8729 (2005).730. A. Alegrıa, D. Gomez, J. Colmenero, Macromolecules 35, 2030 (2002).731. A. Zetsche, E.W. Fischer, Acta Polym. 45, 168 (1994).732. A. Kamath, R.H. Colby, S.K. Kumar, Phys. Rev. E 67, 010801 (2003).733. T.P. Lodge, T.C.B. McLeish, Macromolecules 33, 5278 (2002).734. (a) C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 24, 2261 (1991); (b) Macromolecules 25,

363 (1992); (c) Macromolecules 28, 4033 (1995); (d) Macromolecules 33, 3184 (2000);(e) J. Rheol. 36, 1691 (1992).

735. A. Alegria, J. Colmenero, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 27, 4486 (1994).736. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Rubber Chem. Tech. 77, 579 (2004).737. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 11118 (2004).738. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 37, 2817 (2004).739. S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 9727 (2005).740. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, Macromolecules 40, 3631 (2007).741. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli (2009), and to be published.742. G.N. Lewis, M. Randall, Thermodynamics, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1961).743. D.J. Plazek, J.H. Magill, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 3038 (1996).744. D.J. Plazek, J.H. Magill, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 3678 (1968).745. R.J. Greet, J.H. Magill, J. Phys. Chem. 71, 1746 (1967).746. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 1187 (1997).747. (a) M. Mierzwa, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J.R. Sangoro, F. Kremer, to be published (2010);

(b) A. Rivera, E. Rössler, Phys. Rev. B 73, 212201 (2006); (c) M. Mierzwa, S. Pawlus, M.Paluch, A. Rivera-Calzada, presented at 6th Intern’al Discussion Meeting on Relaxation inComplex Systems, August 2009, Rome, Italy.

748. A. Pimenov, P. Lunkenheimer, H. Rall, R. Kohlhaas, A. Loidl, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E54, 676 (1996).

749. C. Mai, S. Etienne, J. Perez, G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. B 50, 657 (1985).750. C.M. Roland, Soft Matter. 4, 2316 (2008).751. The same can be seen from the temperature dependence of the full width at half maximum

of the loss peak presented in Stickel’s thesis, Ref. [236].752. E. Eckstein, J. Qian, R. Hentschke, T. Thurn-Albrecht, W. Steffen, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem.

Phys. 113, 4751 (2000).753. M. Wind, R. Graf, S. Renker, H.W. Spiess, W. Steffen, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 014906 (2005).754. K. Schmidt-Rohr, A.S. Kudlik, H.W. Beckham, A. Ohlemacher, U. Pawelzik, C. Boeffel,

Macromolecules 27, 4733 (1994).

794 References

755. A.S. Kudlik, H.W. Beckham, K. Schmidt-Rohr, D. Radloff, U. Pawelzik, C. Boeffel,Macromolecules 27, 4746 (1994).

756. R. Casalini, M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S859 (2003).757. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 71, 014210 (2005).758. A. Schönhals, Europhys. Lett. 56, 815 (2001).759. M. Tyagi, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 244909 (2005).760. A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, J. Gómez, D. Richter, B. Farago, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1103 (1999).761. V.G. Sakai, C. Chen, J.K. Maranas, Z. Chowdhuri, Macromolecules 37, 9975 (2004).762. A. Arbe, D. Richter, J. Colmenero, B. Farago, Phys. Rev. E 54, 3853 (1996).763. C.K. Hall, E. Helfand, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 3275 (1982).764. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 942 (1991).765. V.N. Novikov, A.P. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. E 67, 031507 (2003).766. J. Rault, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 271, 177 (2000).767. E.A. DiMarzio, A.J.M. Yang, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 102, 135 (1997).768. P.A. O’Connell, G.B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 11054 (1999).769. C.T. Thurau, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 1996 (2003).770. D. Richter, A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, M. Monkenbusch, B. Farago, R. Faust, Macromolecules

31, 1133 (1998).771. A. Arbe, D. Richter, J. Colmenero, B. Farago, Physica B 234–236, 437 (1997).772. D. Richter, M. Monkenbusch, A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, B. Farago, R. Faust, J. Phys.

Condens. Matter 11, A297 (1999).773. G. Arialdi, J.-P. Ryckaert, D.N. Theodorou, Chem. Phys. 292, 371 (2003). In this paper,

the authors reported Q –3.3-dependence at Q<1 Å–1 and (1–n)=0.58 at Q<0.375 Å–1. For(1–n)=0.58, the value of the exponent 2/(1–n)=3.45 is consistent with the observed valueof 3.3.

774. J. Wuttke, W. Petry, G. Coddens, F. Fujara, Phys. Rev. E. 52, 4026 (1995).775. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 4437 (1997).776. S.Z. Ren, W.F. Shi, W.B. Zhang, C.M. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2416 (1992).777. G.D.J. Phillies, C. Richardson, C.A. Quinlan, S.Z. Ren, Macromolecules 26, 6849 (1993).778. B. Nyström, H. Walderhaug, F.N. Hansen, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 7743 (1993).779. K.L. Ngai, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 64, 1 (1996).780. M. Adam, M. Delasanti, J.P. Munch, D. Durand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 706 (1988).781. H.N. Ritland, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 39, 403 (1956).782. A.Q. Tool, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 29, 240 (1946).783. O.S. Narayanaswamy, J. Am. Cer. Soc. 54, 491 (1971).784. (a) C.T. Moynihan, P.B. Macedo, C.J. Montrose, P.K. Gupta, M.A. DeBolt, J.F. Dill, B.E.

Dom, P.W. Drake, A.J. Esteal, P.B. Elterman, R.P. Moeller, H. Sasabe, J.A. Wilder, Ann.NY Acad. Sci. 279, 15 (1976); (b) G.W. Scherer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67, 504 (1984).

785. I.M. Hodge, Macromolecules 20, 2897 (1987).786. I.M. Hodge, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 435 (1991), ibid. 169, 211 (1994).787. K.L. Ngai, in The Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids, L.D. Pye et al., Eds., Taylor & Francis,

London, p. 178 (1992).788. L.C.E. Struik, Physical Aging in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials, Elsevier, New

York, NY (1978).789. S.L. Simon, D.J. Plazek, J.W. Sobieski, E.T. McGregor, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 35,

929 (1997).790. P.A. O’Connell, C.R. Schultheisz, G.B. McKenna, in The Physics of Glassy Polymers, A.

Hill, M. Tant, Eds., ACS, New York, NY, pp. 199–217 (1998).791. S.L. Simon, J.W. Sobieski, D.J. Plazek, Polymer 42, 2555 (2001).792. C.T. Thurau, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9089 (2002).793. M.T. Cicerone, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. B 97, 10489 (1993).794. M.D. Ediger, T. Inoue, M.T. Cicerone, F.R. Blackburn, Macromol. Symp. 101, 139 (1996).795. F. Blackburn, C.-Y. Wang, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18249 (1996).

References 795

796. M.T. Cicerone, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 7210 (1996).797. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 87, 357 (2007).798. R.E. Courtland, E.R. Weeks, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S359 (2003).799. G.C. Cianci, R.E. Courtland, E.R. Weeks, AIP Conf. Proc. 832, 21 (2006).800. E.R. Weeks, D.A. Weitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 095704 (2002).801. W.K. Kegel, A. van Blaaderen, Science 287 290 (2000).802. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 5170 (2006).803. D.J. Plazek, K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Polym. Eng. Sci. 24, 1111 (1984).804. D. Bonn, S. Tanase, B. Abou, H. Tanaka, J. Meunier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 015701 (2002).805. J.H. Magill, D.J. Plazek, Nature. 209, 70 (1966).806. J.H. Magill, D.J. Plazek, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 3757 (1967); D.J. Plazek, J.H. Magill, J. Chem.

Phys. 49, 3678 (1968).807. J.H. Magill, H.-M. Li, J. Cryst. Growth 20, 135 (1973).808. F. Fujara, H. Geil, H. Sillescu, G. Fleischer, Z. Phys. B 88, 195 (1992).809. I. Chang, F. Fujara, B. Geil, G. Heuberger, T. Mangel, H. Sillescu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids

172–174, 248 (1994).810. T. Hikima, Y. Adachi, M. Hanaya, M. Oguni, Phys. Rev. B 52, 3900 (1995).811. M. Hatase, M. Hanaya, M. Oguni, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 333, 129 (2004).812. (a) U. Geyer, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2492 (1996); (b) A. Bartsch, K. Rätzke, A. Meyer,

F. Faupel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 195901 (2010); (c) A. Meyer, Phys. Rev. B 66, 134205(2002); (d) G. Biroli, J.P. Bouchaud, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205101 (2007).

813. M.T. Cicerone, F.R. Blackburn, M.D. Ediger, Macromolecules 28, 8224 (1995).814. Y. Hwang, M.D. Ediger, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 34, 2853 (1996).815. C.-Y. Wang, M.D. Ediger, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 1724 (2000).816. D.D. Deppe, A. Dhinojwala, J.M. Torkelson, Macromolecules 29, 3898 (1996).817. G. Heuberger, H. Sillescu, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 15255 (1996).818. D.B. Hall, D.D. Deppe, K.E. Hamilton, A. Dhinojwala, J.M. Torkelson, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 235, 48 (1998).819. I. Chang, H. Sillescu, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 8794 (1997).820. X.R. Zhu, C.H. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 6086 (1986).821. K. Zemke, K. Schmidt-Rohr, J.H. Magill, H. Sillescu, H.W. Spiess, Mol. Phys. 80, 1317

(1993).822. M.L.F. Nascimento, E.D. Zanotto, Phys. Rev. B 73, 024209 (2006).823. J. Horbach, W. Kob, Phys. Rev. B 60, 3169 (1999).824. M.D. Ediger, P. Harrowell, L. Yu, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 034709 (2008).825. F.H. Stillinger, J.A. Hodgdon, Phys. Rev. E, 50, 2064 (1994).826. G. Tarjus, D. Kivelson, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 3071 (1995).827. X.Y. Xia, P.G. Wolynes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5526 (2001); J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 6570

(2001).828. S. Merabia, D. Long, Eur. Phys. J. E 9, 195 (2002).829. H. Wagner, R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4071 (1999).830. T. Jorg, R. Bohmer, H. Sillescu, H. Zimmermann, Europhys. Lett. 49, 748 (2000).831. O. Urakawa, S.F. Swallen, M.D. Ediger, E.D. von Meerwall, Macromolecules 37, 1558

(2004).832. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Macromolecules 37, 7051 (2004).833. R.A. Mendelsohn, W.A. Bowles, F.L. Finger, J. Polym. Sci. A2 8, 105 (1970).834. M. Tirrell, M. Rubber, Chem. Technol. Rubber Rev. 57, 523 (1984).835. V.R. Raju, H. Rachapudy, W.W. Graessley, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 17, 1223

(1979).836. C.R. Bartels, B. Crist, W.W. Graessley, Macromolecules 17, 2702 (1984).837. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, R.W. Rendell, Rheol. Acta 36, 307 (1997).838. R.-J. Roe, D. Rigby, H. Furuya, H. Takeuchi, Comput. Polym. Sci. 2, 32 (1992). R.-J. Roe,

J. Chem. Phys. 100, 1610 (1994).

796 References

839. C.J.F. Böttcher, P. Bordewijk, Theory of Electric Polarization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol.II (1973).

840. G.F. Signorini, J.-L. Barrat, M.L. Klein, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 1294 (1990).841. A. Doss, G. Hinze, B. Schiener, J. Hemberger, R. Bohmer, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 1740

(1997).842. R. Casalini, D. Fioretto, A. Livi, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, Phys. Rev. B, 56, 3016 (1997).843. T. Blochowicz, E.A. Rössler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 225701 (2004).844. T. Blochowicz, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy in Neat and Binary Molecular Glass

Formers, Ph.D. Thesis, Logos Verlag, Berlin (2003).845. A. Zetsche, F. Kremer, W. Jung, H. Schulze, Polymer 31, 1883 (1990).846. S. Kamath, R.H. Colby, S.K. Kumar, K. Karatasos, G. Floudas, G. Fytas, J.E.L. Roovers,

J. Chem. Phys. 111, 6121 (1999).847. S. Kamath, R.H. Colby, S.K. Kumar, Macromolecules 36, 8567 (2003).848. K. Adachi, Y. Ishida, J. Poly. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 14, 2219 (1976).849. K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 24, 4865 (1991).850. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli, P.A. Rolla, K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 88, 4047 (2008).851. D. Bingemann, N. Wirth, J. Gmeiner, E.A. Rossler, Macromolecules 40, 5379 (2007).852. L. Zhang, T.R. Lutz, J. Zhao, M.D. Ediger, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 45, 2252 (2007).853. K. Duvvuri, R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 10451 (2004).854. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 39, 8543 (2006).855. T.R. Lutz, Y. He, M.D. Ediger, H. Cao, G. Lin, A.A. Jones, Macromolecules 36, 1724

(2003).856. B. Min, X. Qiu, M.D. Ediger, M. Pitsikalis, N. Hadjichristidis, Macromolecules 34, 4466

(2001).857. J. Zhao, L. Zhang, M.D. Ediger, Macromolecules 41, 8030 (2008). Measurements were

only made for 2%, 50% and 100% PEO.858. A. Arbe, A. Alegria, J. Colmenero, S. Hoffmann, L. Willner, D. Richter, Macromolecules

32, 7572 (1999).859. G.-C. Chung, J.A. Kornfield, S.D. Smith, Macromolecules 27, 5729 (1994).860. J.C. Haley, T.P. Lodge, J. Chem. Phys. 122 (2005) 234914.861. R.H. Colby, Polymer 30, 1275 (1989).862. J.C. Haley, T.P. Lodge, J. Rheol. 48 (2004) 463.863. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, in Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, 2nd ed., Chapter 26,

J.E. Mark, Ed., Springer, Berlin, pp. 455–478 (2007).864. J.Y. Cavaille, C. Jordan, J. Perez, L. Monnerie, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

25, 1235 (1987).865. L.I. Palade, V. Verney, P. Attené, Macromolecules 28, 7051 (1995).866. R.W. Gray, G. Harrison, J. Lamb, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 356, 77 (1977).867. J. Cochrane, G. Harrison, J. Lamb, D.W. Phillips, Polymer 21, 837 (1980).868. K.L. Ngai, A. Schönhals, E. Schlosser, Macromolecules 25, 4915 (1992).869. D.J. Plazek, A. Schönhals, E. Schlosser, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 6488 (1993).870. D.J. Plazek, X.D. Zheng, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 25, 4920 (1992).871. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, C. Bero, Macromolecules 26, 1065 (1993).872. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, A.K. Rizos, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 35, 599 (1997).873. R. Zorn, G.B. McKenna, L. Wilner, D. Richter, Macromolecules 28, 8552 (1995).874. C.G. Robertson, C.M. Rademacher, Macromolecules 37, 10009 (2004); C.G. Robertson,

L.-I. Palade, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 342 (2006).875. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, P.G. Santangelo, X.H. Qiu, M.D. Ediger, D.J. Plazek,

Macromolecules 34, 6159 (2001).876. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 709 (2007).877. J.C. Haley, T.P. Lodge, Yiyong He, M.D. Ediger, E.D. von Meerwall, J. Mijovic,

Macromolecules 36, 6142 (2003).878. C.M. Roland, P.G. Santangelo, K.L. Ngai, G. Meier, Macromolecules 26, 6164 (1993).

References 797

879. P.G. Santangelo, C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rizos, H. Katerinopoulos, J. Non-Cryst.Solids 172–174, 1084 (1994).

880. (a) A. Rizos, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 27, 7076 (1994); (b) L.-M. Wang, Y. Tian, R. Liu,R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 3618 (2010); (c) L.-M. Wang, Y. Tian, R. Liu, K.L. Ngai,J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 719 (2011).

881. C.M. Roland, P.G. Santangelo, Z. Baram, J. Runt, Macromolecules 27, 5382 (1994).882. C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 28, 3463 (1995).883. A.A. Jones, J.F. O’Gara, P.T. Inglefield, J.T. Bendler, A.F. Yee, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules

16, 658 (1983).884. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, A.F. Yee, D.J. Plazek, Macromolecules 24, 61 (1991).885. E.W. Fischer, G.P. Hellmann, H.W. Spiess, F.J. Horth, U. Ecarius, M. Wehrle, Macromol.

Chem. Phys. Suppl. 12, 189 (1985).886. C. Schmidt, K.J. Kuhn, H.W. Spiess, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 71, 71 (1985).887. J.Y. Jho, A.F. Yee, Macromolecules 24, 1905 (1991).888. C. Xiao, J. Wu, A.F. Yee, L. Xie, D. Gidley, K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rizos, Macromolecules 32,

7913 (1999).889. A.K. Rizos, L. Petihakis, K.L. Ngai, J. Wu, A.F. Yee, Macromolecules 32, 7921 (1999).890. B. Bergquist, Y. Zhu, A.A. Jones, P.T. Inglefield, Macromolecules 32, 7925 (1999).891. Y. He, T.R. Lutz, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 9956 (2003).892. T.R. Lutz, Y. He, M.D. Ediger, Macromolecules 38, 9826 (2005).893. C.L. Jackson, G.B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 9002 (1991).894. C. Schick, E. Donth, Phys. Scr. 43, 423 (1991).895. G. Liu, Y. Li, J. Jonas, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 6892 (1991).896. J. Schüller, Y. Mel’nichenko, R. Richert, E.W. Fischer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2224 (1994).897. S. Stapf, R. Kimmich, R.O. Seitter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2855 (1995).898. K.L. Ngai, J. de Physique IV 10, issue P7, 21 (2000).899. K.L. Ngai, J. Thermal Anal. Calorimetry 57, 745 (1999).900. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. B, 82, 291 (2002).901. J.D. Ferry, Macromolecules 24, 5237 (1991).902. D.J. Plazek, D.L. Plazek, Macromolecules 16, 1469 (1983).903. D.J. Plazek, M.J. Rosner, D.L. Plazek, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 26, 473 (1988).904. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 23, 2159 (1985).905. (a) D.J. Plazek, G. Berry, in Glass: Science and Technology, Vol. 3, Viscosity and

Relaxation, Chapter 7, D.R. Uhlmann, N. J. Kreidl, Eds., Academic Press, New York,(1986); (b) G. C. Berry, T.G. Fox, Adv. Polym. Sci. 5, 261 (1968).

906. D.J. Plazek, I.C. Chay, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 28, 6432 (1995). See alsorecent publications by (a) M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, A.P. Sokolov, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules43, 3103 (2010); (b) X. Wu, X. Zhou, C. Liu, Z. Zhu, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 013527 (2009);(c) J.R. Wu, G.S. Huang, Q.Y. Pan, J. Zheng, Y.C. Zhu, B. Wang, Polymer 48, 7653 (2007);(d) X.B. Wu, Z.G. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 11147 (2009); (e) X. Wu, H. Wang, C. Liu,Z. Zhu, Soft Matter, 7, 579 (2011).

907. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Macromolecules 35, 9136 (2002).908. R.W. Gray, G. Harrison, J. Lamb, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 14, 1361 (1976).909. A. Schönhals, E. Schlosser, Phys. Scr. T49A, 233 (1993).910. A. Schönhals, Macromolecules 26, 1309 (1993).911. K. Adachi, H. Hirano, Macromolecules 31, 3958 (1998).912. T. Nicolai, G. Floudas, Macromolecules 31, 2578 (1998).913. K.L. Ngai, R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 38, 4363 (2005).914. P.G. Santangelo, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 26, 2682 (1993).915. E.R. Fitzgerald, L.D. Grandine, J.D. Ferry, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 640 (1953). For a historical

perspective, see J.D. Ferry, Macromolecules 24, 5237 (1991).916. E. Catsiff, A.V. Tobolsky, J. Colloid Sci. 10, 375 (1955); A.V. Tobolsky, Properties and

Surture of Polymers, Wiley, New York, NY (1960).917. M.L. Williams, J.D. Ferry, J. Colloid Sci. 10, 474 (1955).

798 References

918. D. Richter, M. Monkenbusch, J. Allgeier, A. Arbe, J. Colmenero, B. Farago, Y. Choel Bae,R. Faust, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 6107 (1999).

919. A. Arbe, M. Monkenbusch, J. Stellbrink, D. Richter, B. Farago, M. Almdal, R. Faust,Macromolecules 34, 1281 (2001).

920. S. Krushev, W. Paul, G.D. Smith, Macromolecules 35, 4198 (2002).921. E. Schlosser, A. Schönhals, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 91, 158 (1993).922. A. Schönhals, E. Schlosser, Phys. Scr. T49A, 233 (1993).923. H.W. Spiess, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 766 (1991).924. S. Kaufmann, S. Wefing, D. Schaefer, H.W. Spiess, J. Chem. Phys. 93,197 (1990).925. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Macromolecules 20, 1066 (1987).926. I.M. Ward, Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, NY

(1983).927. H.E.H. Meijer, L.E. Govaert, Prog. Polym. Sci. 30, 915 (2005).928. H. Eyring, J. Chem. Phys. 4, 283 (1936).929. R.E. Robertson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 3950 (1966).930. M.C. Boyce, D.M. Parks, A.S. Argon, Mech. Mater. 7, 15 (1988).931. C.P. Buckley, D.C. Jones, Polymer 36, 3301 (1995).932. J.M. Caruthers, D.B. Adolf, R.S. Chambers, P. Shrikhande, Polymer 45, 4577 (2004).933. K. Chen, K.S. Schweizer, Europhys. Lett. 79, 26006 (2007).934. K.L. Ngai, A.F. Yee, in Relaxations in Complex Systems, K.L. Ngai, G. Wright, Eds., Naval

Research Laboratory, Washington, DC (1984).935. R.W. Rendell, K.L. Ngai, G.R. Fong, A.F. Yee, R.J. Bankert, Polym. Eng. Sci. 27, 2

(1987).936. A.F. Yee, R.J. Bankert, K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 26, 2463

(1988).937. G.B. McKenna, L.Z. Zapas, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 23, 1647 (1985); Polym. Eng.

Sci. 26, 725 (1986).938. (a) G.B. McKenna, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S737 (2003); (b) A.L. Flory,

G.B. McKenna, Polymer, 46, 5211 (2005).939. B. Bernstein, E.A. Kearsley, L.J. Zapas, Trans. Soc. Rheol. 9, 27 (1965).940. C.M. Roland, K.L. Ngai, A.F. Yee, Rubber Chem. Technol. 66, 615 (1993).941. H.-N. Lee, K. Paeng, S.F. Swallen, M.D. Ediger, Science 323, 231 (2009).942. S.S. Sternstein, in Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, J.M. Schultz, Ed.,

Academic, New York, NY, Vol. 10B (1977).943. D.L. Questad, Polym. Eng. Sci. 26, 269 (1986).944. R. Pixa, C. Goett, D. Froelich, Polym. Bull. 14, 53 (1985). R. Pixa, B. Grisoni, T. Gay,

D. Froelich, Polym. Bull. 16, 381 (1986).945. G.P. Johari, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 279 (1976) 117.946. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 1766 (1973).947. K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. C 18, 6535 (1985).948. R.K. Chan, K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 6358 (1986).949. (a) M.G. Parthun, G.P. Johari, Macromolecules 29, 3254 (1992); (b) M.G. Parthun, G.P.

Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 7611 (1995).950. K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 25, 379 (1987).951. C. Mai, S. Etienne, J. Perez, G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. B 50, 657 (1985).952. C. Mai, S. Etienne, J. Perez, G.P. Johari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 74, 119 (1985).953. (a) K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. E 57, 7346 (1998); (b) K.L. Ngai, Physica A 261, 36 (1998).954. H.S. Chen, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 46, 289 (1981).955. H. Okumura, H.S. Chen, A. Inoue, T. Masumoto, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 130, 304 (1991),

ibid. 150, 401 (1992); L. Hu et al., App. Phys. Lett. 96, 221908 (2010).956. J.M. Pelletier, B. Van de Moortele, I.R. Lu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A336, 190 (2002).957. (a) P. Rösner, K. Samwer, P. Lunkenheimer, Europhys. Lett. 68, 226 (2004); (b) Z.F. Zhao,

P. Wen, C.H. Shek, W.H. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174201 (2007).

References 799

958. T. Ichitsubo, E. Matsubara, T. Yamamoto, H.S. Chen, N. Nishiyama, J. Saida, K. Anazawa,Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 245501 (2005).

959. (a) A.S. Argon, Acta Metall. 27, 47 (1979); (b) A. Argon, L.T. Shi, Acta Metall. 31,499 (1983); (c) C.A. Schuh, A.C. Lund, Nat. Mater. 2, 449 (2003); (d) F. Spaepen, ActaMetall. 25, 407 (1977); (e) P.S. Steif, F. Spaepen, J.W. Hutchinson, Acta Metall. 30, 447(1982); (f) J.S. Langer, Phys. Rev. E 70, 041502 (2004); (g) W.J. Johnson, K. Samwer,Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 195501 (2005); (h) M. Chen, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 38, 445 (2008);(i) W.H. Wang, presentation made at “The Physics of Glass,” KITP, UCSB, May 13th(2010). H.B. Yu, W.H. Wang, H.Y. Bai, Y. Wu, M.W. Chen, Phys. Rev. B 81, 220201(R)(2010); (j) D. Pan, A. Inoue, T. Sakurai, M.W. Chen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105, 14769 (2008); (k) S.G. Mayr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 195501 (2006); (l) J.J. Lewandowski, W.H.Wang, A.L. Greer, Philos. Mag. Lett. 85, 77 (2005), J. Appl. Phys. 99, 093506 (2006); (m)D. Rodney, presented a talk entitled “Thermally-activated events in glasses from atomic-scale simulations: Relation between STZ and β-relaxation” in “The Physics of Glass,”KITP, UCSB, May 21st (2010), and D. Rodney, C. Schuh, E. Homer, E. Bitzek, P. Derlet,to be published. In this presentation he showed by molecular dynamics simulations ofCu50Zr50 quenched metallic glass in 2D with and without stress applied. By samplingphase space locally in the two cases, they found that the local shear and its evolution withtime in the microstructure as well as the distribution of energy barriers of local motionsare the same in the two cases. Without stress, the results reflect the primitive or JGβ-relaxation, and with stress, the results reflect the STZ. Hence, the similar results inthe two cases support that the primitive or JG β-relaxation is responsible for STZ, asshown experimentally in (i) by Wang and coworkers; (n) H.E.H. Meijer, L.E. Govaert,Prog. Polym. Sci. 30, 915 (2005); (o) N.T. Tsui et al., Polymer 49, 4703 (2008); (p) L.P.Chen, A.F. Yee, E.J. Moskala, Macromolecules 32, 5944 (1999); (q) H. Eyring, J. Chem.Phys. 4, 283 (1936); (r) M.C. Boyce, D.M. Parks, A.S. Argon, Mech. Mater. 7, 15 (1988);(s) J. Richeton et al., Philos. Mag. 87, 3629 (2007).

960. (a) J. Hachenberg, K. Samwer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 5110 (2006); (b) J. Hachenberg,D. Bedorf, K. Samwer, R. Richert, A. Kahl, M.D. Demetriou, W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys.Lett. 92, 131911 (2008); (c) D. Bedorf, K. Samwer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356, 340 (2010).

961. G.P. Johari, M. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 4245 (1971).962. G.P. Johari, J. Chim. 82, 283 (1985).963. G.P. Johari, in Lecture Notes in Physics, Th. Dorfmüller, G. Williams, Eds., Springer,

Berlin, Vol. 277, p. 90 (1987).964. M. Goldstein, J. Phys. Paris. Colloq. C2, 2 (1975), J. Chem. Phys. 132, 041104 (2010);

J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357, 249 (2011), Special issue of papers presented in the 6thIDMRCS, Rome, Italy, August 30th–September 4th (2009).

965. G.P. Johari, in Plastic Deformation of Amorphous and Semicrystalline Materials, LesHouches Lectures 1982 (les Editions de Physique, France, 1982), p. 109.

966. J.P. Johari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 317 (2002).967. F. Stillinger, T.A. Weber, Phys. Rev. A 28, 2408 (1983).968. G. Williams, D.C. Watts, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 1971 (1971).969. F. Garwe, A. Schönhals, H. Lockwenz, M. Beiner, K. Schröter, E. Donth, Macromolecules

29, 247 (1996).970. (a) K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 32, 7140 (1999); (b) S. Kahle, J. Korus, E. Hempel, R.

Unger, S. Höring, K. Schröter, E. Donth, Macromolecules 30, 7214 (1997).971. A. Kudlik, S. Benkhof, T. Blochowicz, C. Tschirwitz, E. Rössler, J. Mol. Struct. 479, 201

(1999).972. P. Lunkenheimer, U. Schneider, R. Brand, A. Loidl, Contemp. Phys. 41, 15 (2000).973. K.L. Ngai, D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 244125

(2008).974. S. Capaccioli, K. Kessairi, D. Prevosto, M. Lucches, P.A. Rolla, J. Phys. Condens. Matter

19, 205133 (2007).

800 References

975. R. Casalini, S. Capaccioli, to be published.976. S. Capaccioli, K. Kessairi, D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352,

4643 (2006).977. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, P.A. Rolla, M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka,

E. Kaminska, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4685 (2006).978. C.M. Roland, M.J. Schroder, J.J. Fontanella, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 37, 2630 (2004);

R.B. Bogoslovov et al., Macromolecules 43, 2904 (2010). In this 2010 paper, the authors fitthe spectra of PBD assuming the α- and β-relaxations are additive, resulting in their valueof n = 0.57 larger than those obtained before in the spirit of the CM [195,874,981,979],which are in the range of 0.50 ≤ n ≤ 0.54.

979. M.J. Schroder, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 45, 342 (2007).980. S.A. Lusceac, C. Gainaru, M. Vogel, C. Koplin, P. Medick, E.A. Roessler, Macromolecules

38, 5625 (2005); R.D. Deegan, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. B 52, 5653 (1995).981. R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, C.G. Robertson, C.M. Roland, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 38,

1841 (2000).982. M. Beiner, S. Kahle, E. Hempel, K. Schröter, E. Donth, Macromolecules 31, 8973 (1998).983. V.A. Bershtein, L.M. Egorova, R.E. Prud’homme, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. B36, 513

(1997).984. V.A. Bershtein, L.M. Egorova, Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Polymers, Physics,

Chemistry, Analysis, Technology, Ellis Horwood, New York, NY (1994).985. J.M. Pelletier, J. Perez, L. Duffrene, A. Sekkat, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 258, 119 (1999).986. L. Hornbøll, Y. Yue, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 350 (2008).987. Y.Z. Yue, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 1112 (2008).988. H.S. Chen, T.T. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 5898 (1981).989. H.S. Chen, C.R. Kurkjian, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66, 613 (1983).990. H.S. Chen, A. Inoue, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 61–62, 805 (1984).991. A. Inoue, T. Masumoto, H.S. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. 19, 3953 (1984).992. (a) S. Vyazovkin, I. Dranca, Pharm. Res. 23, 422 (2006); (b) S. Vyazovkin, I. Dranca,

J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 18637 (2005); (c) R. Surana, A. Pyne, R. Suryanarayanan, Pharm.Res. 21, 867 (2004); (d) I. Dranca, S, Bhattacharya, S. Vyazovkin, R. Suryanarayanan,Pharm. Res. 26, 1064 (2009).

993. A. Napolitano, P.B. Macedo, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 72A, 425 (1968).994. L. Hu, Y. Yue, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 9053 (2008). For a review, see LiNa Hu, ChunZhi

Zhang, YuanZheng, Yue, XiuFang Bian, Chin. Sci. Bull. 55, 457 (2010). R. Ruiz Santos,E. Prokhorov, J. González-Hernández, G. Luna-Bárcenas, Yu. Kovalenko, J. Non-Cryst.Solids 356, 2541 (2010). The observed τβ is in accord with CM prediction.

995. A. Kudlik, C. Tschirwitz, T. Blochowicz, S. Benkhof, E. Rössler, J. Non-Cryst. Solids235–237, 406 (1998).

996. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, Phys. Rev. E 69, 031501 (2004).997. K.L. Ngai, M. Paluch, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 6865 (2003).998. R. Böhmer, G. Diezemann, B. Geil, G. Hinze, A. Nowaczyk, M. Winterlich, Phys. Rev.

Lett. 97, 135701 (2006).999. A. Nowaczyk, B. Geil, G. Hinze, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E 74, 041505 (2006).

1000. (a) A. De Gusseme, L. Carpentier, J.F. Willart, M. Descamps, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 10879(2003); (b) L. Carpentier, R. Decressain, S. Desprez, M. Descamps, J. Phys. Chem. B 110,457 (2006); (c) L. Carpentier, R. Decressain, A. De Gusseme, C. Neves, M. Descamps,Pharm. Res. 23, 798 (2006).

1001. V. Yu Kramarenko, T.A. Ezquerra, V.P. Privalko, Phys. Rev. E 64, 051802 (2001).1002. L. Wu, Phys. Rev. B 43, 9906 (1991).1003. R. Nath, A. Nowaczyk, B. Geil, R. Böhmer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 3788 (2007).1004. A.R. Brás, J.P. Noronha, A.M.M. Antunes, M.M. Cardoso, A. Schönhals, F. Affouard,

M. Dionísio, N.T. Correia, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 11087 (2008).1005. R.H. Cole, D.W. Davidson, J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1389 (1952).

References 801

1006. S.K. Garg, C.P. Smyth, J. Phys. Chem. 69, 1294 (1965).1007. A. Kudlik, C. Tschirwitz, S. Benkhof, T. Blochowicz, E. Rössler, Europhys. Lett. 40, 649

(1997).1008. O.E. Kalinovskaya, J.K. Vij, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 3262 (2000).1009. G.P. Johari, O.E. Kalinovskaya, J.K. Vij, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 4634 (2001).1010. (a) S.S.N. Murthy, M. Tyagi, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3837 (2002); (b) M. Mizukami,

H. Fujimori, M. Oguni, Solid State Commun. 100, 83 (1996).1011. (a) L.-M. Wang, R. Richert, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 11091 (2005); (b) H. Huth, L.-M. Wang,

C. Schick, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 104503 (2007).1012. (a) K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, P. Wlodarczyk, S. Pawlus, D. Kimla, A. Kasprzycka,

M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, W. Szeja, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 25045 (2006); (b)K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, S. Hensel-Bielowka, E. Chelmecka, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo,P. Wlodarczyk, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Chem. B 112, 7662 (2008); (c) K. Kaminski, E.Kaminska, P. Wlodarczyk, S. Pawlus, D. Kimla, A. Kasprzycka, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, W.Szeja, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 12816 (2008); (d) K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska,K.L. Ngai, M. Paluch, P. Wlodarczyk, A. Kasprzycka, W. Szeja, J. Phys. Chem. B, 113,10088 (2009); (e) K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, P. Wlodarczyk, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, K.L.Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 20, 335104 (2008).

1013. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, S. Sharifi, K. Kessairi, K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag.88, 4063 (2008).

1014. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, P. Rolla, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 4808(2004).

1015. G. Dominguez-Espinosa, R. Díaz-Calleja, E. Riande, Macromolecules 39, 5043 (2006),ibid. 39, 3071 (2006).

1016. (a) A. Mandanici, W. Huang, M. Cutroni, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 124505 (2008).1017. S. Capaccioli, M.S. Thayyil, K.L. Ngai (2009), unpublished.1018. (a) A. Mandanici, W. Huang, M. Cutroni, R. Richert, Philos. Mag. 88, 3961 (2008);

(b) A. Mandanici, M. Cutroni, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 521–522, 279 (2009).1019. S. Maslanka, M. Paluch, W.W. Sułkowski, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 084511

(2005).1020. K.L. Ngai, E. Kaminska, M. Sekuła, M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 204507 (2005).1021. R.L. Leheny, S.R. Nagel, Europhys. Lett. 39, 447 (1997).1022. A. Schönhals, F. Kremer, F. Stickel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4096 (1993).1023. A. Hofmann, F. Kremer, E.W. Fischer, A. Schönhals, in Disorder Effects on Relaxational

Processes, R. Richert, A. Blumen, Eds., Springer, Berlin, p. 309 (1994).1024. C.F. Behrens, T. Christensen, T.G. Christiansen, J. Dyre, N.B. Olsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76,

1553 (1996).1025. S. Adichtchev, T. Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, V.N. Novikov, E.A. Rössler, C. Tschirwitz,

J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S835 (2003).1026. J. Wiedersich, T. Blochowicz, S. Benkhof, A. Kudlik, N.V. Surovtsev, C. Tschirwitz, V.N.

Novikov, E. Rössler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11, A147 (1999).1027. K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, Polymer 29, 303 (1988).1028. C. Svanberg, R. Bergman, P. Jacobson, L. Börjesson, Phys. Rev. B 66, 054304 (2002).1029. J. Mattsson, R. Bergman; P. Jacobsson, L. Börjesson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 075702 (2003).1030. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. B 82, 291 (2002).1031. N.B. Olsen, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 399 (1998).1032. M. Jimenez-Ruiz, M.A. Gonzalez, F.J. Bermejo, M.A. Miller, N.O. Birge, I. Cendoya,

A. Alegria, Phys. Rev. B 59, 9155 (1999).1033. M. Wagner, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 11660 (1999).1034. P. Lunkenheimer, Dielectric Spectroscopy of Glassy Dynamics, Shaker, Aachen (1999).1035. P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Chem. Phys. 284, 205 (2002).1036. P. Lunkenheimer, R. Wehn, Th. Riegger, A. Loidl, J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 307–310, 336

(2002).

802 References

1037. S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 025704 (2002).1038. S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, K. Grzybowska, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, Phys. Rev. B 71,

174107 (2005).1039. K. Grzybowska, A. Grzybowski, M. Paluch, S. Capaccioli, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 044904

(2006).1040. K. Grzybowska, A. Grzybowski, J. Ziolo, S.J. Rzoska, M. Paluch, J. Phys. Condens. Matter

19, 376105 (2007).1041. K. Kaminska, E. Kaminski, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 164511 (2006).1042. S. Sharifi, D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, M. Paluch, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353,

4313 (2007).1043. K.L. Ngai, K. Grzybowska, A. Grzybowski, E. Kaminska, K. Kaminski, M. Paluch, S.

Capaccioli, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 5085 (2008).1044. J. Dyre, B. Olsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 155703 (2003).1045. N.B. Olsen, T. Christensen, J.C. Dyre, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1271 (2001).1046. A.I. Nielsen, T. Christensen, B. Jacobsen, K. Niss, B. Olsen, R. Richert, J.C. Dyre,

arXiv:0712.2827v ; J. Chem. Phys. 130, 154508 (2009).1047. (a) A. Brodin, C. Gainaru, V. Porokhonskyy, E.A. Rössler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19,

205104 (2007); (b) C. Gainaru, R. Kahlau, E.A. Rössler, R. Böhmer, J. Chem. Phys. 131,184510 (2009); (c) C. Gainaru, W. Hiller, R. Böhmer, Macromolecules 43, 1907 (2010).

1048. M. Mizukami, H. Fujimori, M. Oguni, Solid State Commun. 100, 83 (1996).1049. G. Meier, B. Gerharz, D. Boese, E.W. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 3050 (1991).1050. S. Kahle, J. Gapinski, G. Hinze, A. Patkowski, G. Meier, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074506

(2005).1051. M. Beiner, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 38, 7033 (2005).1052. D. Pisignano, S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, A. Justl, E. Rössler, J.

Phys. Condens. Matter 13, 4405 (2001).1053. A. Brodin, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 114502 (2006).1054. A. Brodin, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 244508 (2007).1055. J. Wong, C.A. Angell, Glass Structure by Spectroscopy, Dekker, New York (1976).1056. K.L. Ngai, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 10576 (1999).1057. K.L. Ngai, C. León, Phys. Rev. B 66, 064308 (2002).1058. K.L. Ngai, J. Habasaki, Y. Hiwatari, C. León, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S1607 (2003).1059. C. León, A. Rivera, A. Várez, J. Sanz, J. Santamaria, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1279

(2001).1060. A.K. Rizos, J. Alifragis, K.L. Ngai, P. Heitjans, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 931 (2001).1061. A. Rivera, C. León, C.P.E. Varsamis, G.D. Chryssikos, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, L.J.

Buckley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 125902 (2002).1062. A.P. Sokolov, A. Kisliuk, V.N. Novikov, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B, 63, 172204 (2001).1063. A.P. Sokolov, unpublished (2003).1064. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, S. Capaccioli, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 184903 (2007), and to be

published.1065. D. Prevosto, S. Sharifi, S. Capaccioli, P. Rolla, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, J. Chem.

Phys. 127, 114507 (2007).1066. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, S. Sharifi, K. Kessairi, K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag.

88, 4083 (2008).1067. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli, paper presented at the 6th International Discussion Meeting

on Relaxation in Complex Systems, Rome, Italy, August 30–September 4th, 2009, and tobe published.

1068. D. Bedrov, G.D. Smith, Euro Polym. J. 42, 3248 (2006).1069. T. Psurek, S. Maslanka, M. Paluch, R. Nozaki, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. E 70, 011503 (2004).1070. (a) C. Lorthioir, A. Alegrıa, J. Colmenero, Phys. Rev. E 68, 031805 (2003); (b) C. Lorthioir,

A. Alegrıa, J. Colmenero, Euro. Phys. J. E 12, S127 (2003); (c) T. Blochowicz et al.,J. Phys. Chem. B (2011) in press. The interpretation of α′ coming from some MTHF byconfinement is muddled by fact that the α-relaxation time of MTHF is identical to thereorientation time of 3S detected by PCS.

References 803

1071. (a) K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, M. Shahin Thayyil, N. Shinyashiki, J. Therm. Anal.Calorimetry 99, 123 (2010); (b) S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, S. Ancherbak, P.A. Rolla,N. Shinyashiki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 357, 641 (2011).

1072. S. Zhang, X. Jin, P.C. Painter, J. Runt, Macromolecules 35, 3636 (2002).1073. X. Jin, S. Zhang, J. Runt, Polymer 43, 6247 (2002).1074. X. Jin, S. Zhang, J. Runt, Macromolecules 37, 8110 (2004).1075. H. Fujimori, M. Oguni, Solid State Commun. 94, 157 (1995); M. Oguni, J. Sekine,

H. Mine, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4665 (2006).1076. I. Alig, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 31, 299 (1993).1077. M.G. Parthun, G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 6301 (1995), 103, 440 (1995), 103, 7611

(1995), Macromolecules 29, 3254 (1992).1078. S. Monserrat, F. Roman, P. Colomer, Polymer 44, 101 (2003).1079. D.A. Wasylyshyn, G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 5683 (1996); J. Polym. Sci. B Polym.

Phys. 35, 437 (1997).1080. E. Tombari, C. Ferrari, G. Salvetti, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 9, 7017 (1997);

J. Phys. Chem. Phys. 1, 1965 (1999).1081. N.M. Alves, J.L. Gomez Ribelles, J.A. Gomez Tejedor, J.F. Mano, Macromolecules 37,

3735 (2004).1082. M.S. Sanchez, G.G. Ferrer, C.T. Cabanilles, J.M.M. Duenas, M.M. Pradas, J.L.G. Ribelles,

Polymer 42, 10071 (2001).1083. S. Reissig, M. Beiner, S. Zeeb, S. Höring, E. Donth, Macromolecules 32, 5701 (1999).1084. M. Wind, R. Graf, S. Renker, H.W. Spiess, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 206, 142 (2005).1085. T. Fujima, H. Frusawa, K. Ito, Phys. Rev. E 66, 031503 (2002).1086. E. Donth, K. Schröter, S. Kahle, Phys. Rev. E 60,1099 (1999).1087. (a) C. Svanberg, R. Bergman, Philos. Mag. 87, 383 (2007); (b) R. Bergman, F. Alvarez,

A. Alegrıa, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 7546 (1998); (c) R. Bergman, C. Svanberg,Phys. Rev. E 72, 043501 (2005).

1088. M. Paluch, C.M. Roland, S. Pawlus, J. Ziolo, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 115701(2003).

1089. A. Sanz, A. Nogales, T.A. Ezquerra, N. Lotti, L. Finelli, Phys. Rev. E 70, 021502 (2004).1090. A. Nogales, A. Sanz, T.A. Ezquerra, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4649 (2006).1091. E.L. Gjersing, S. Sen, P. Yu, B.G. Aitken, Phys. Rev. B 76, 214202 (2007).1092. F. Affouard, J.-F. Willart, M. Descamps, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 9 (2002).1093. S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, N. Shinyashiki, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 8197 (2007).1094. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, N. Shinyashiki, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 3826 (2008).1095. D. Cangialosi, A. Alegria, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 224508 (2008).1096. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 4237 (2007).1097. T.P. Lodge, E.R. Wood, J.C. Haley, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 44, 756 (2006); J. Zhao,

M.D. Ediger, Y. Sun, L. Yu, Macromolecules 42, 6777 (2009); S. Arrese-Igor et al.,Macromolecules 43, 6406 (2010). Note that the β-relaxation of PI in 20 and 35%PI blendsis misidentified by them as α-relaxation in Fig. 8.

1098. K. Adachi, I. Fujihara, Y. Ishida, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 13, 2155 (1975); Polym.J. 11, 233 (1979).

1099. G. Floudas, W. Steffen, E.W. Fischer, W. Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 695 (1993).1100. N. Taniguchi, O. Urakawa, K. Adachi, Macromolecules 37, 7832 (2004).1101. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli (2010) to be published.1102. H. Jansson, J. Swenson, Eur. Phys. J. E 12, S51 (2003).1103. H. Jansson, R. Bergman, J. Swenson, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 2858 (2005).1104. J. Swenson, H. Jansson, W.S. Howells, S. Longeville, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 084505

(2005).1105. J. Swenson, H. Jansson, R. Bergman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 247802 1–4 (2006).1106. S. Cerveny, G.A. Schwartz, A. Alegría, R. Bergman, J. Swenson, J. Chem. Phys. 124,

194501 (2006).1107. (a) S. Cerveny, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, Phys. Rev. E 77, 031803 (2008); (b) J. Chem.

Phys. 128, 044901 (2008); (c) J. Chem. Phys. 124, 194501 (2006).

804 References

1108. (a) S. Cerveny, J. Colmenero, A. Alegría, Macromolecules 38, 7056 (2005); (b) J.Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 4523 (2007).

1109. H. Jansson, R. Bergman, J. Swenson, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 24134 (2005).1110. J. Swenson, H. Jansson, J. Hedström, R. Bergman, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205109

(2007).1111. S.E. Pagnotta, S. Cerveny, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 085102 (2009).1112. H. Jansson, J. Swenson, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1804, 20 (2010).1113. H.S. Chen, N. Morito, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 72, 287 (1985).1114. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 404 (2006).1115. Z.F. Zhao, P. Wen, C.H. Shek, W.H. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 75, 174201 (2007).1116. A. Brodin, R. Bergman, J. Mattsson, E.A. Rössler, Eur. Phys. J. B 36, 349 (2003).1117. S.K. Nayak, S.S.N. Murthy, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 1607 (1993).1118. A. Mermet, E. Duval, A. Polian, M. Krisch, Phys. Rev. E 66, 31510 (2002).1119. H.Z. Cummins, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17, 1457 (2005).1120. L.C. Pardo, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. E 76, 030502(R) (2007).1121. P. Lunkenheimer, L.C. Pardo, M. Kohler, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. E 77, 031506 (2008).1122. K.M. Gough, T.A. Wildman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 9141 (1990).1123. Z. Rappoport, S.E. Biali, M. Kaftory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 7742 (1990).1124. Md. Shahin, S.S.N. Murthy, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 014507 (2005).1125. M.S. Thayyil, S. Capaccioli, D. Prevosto, S. Ancherbak, P.A. Rolla, M. Lucchesi, K.L.

Ngai, to be published (2010).1126. M.A. Desando, D.L. Gourlay, S. Walker, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II, 79, 559 (1983).1127. O. Yamamuro, M. Ishikawa, I. Kishimoto, J.J. Pinvidic, T. Matsuo, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68,

2969 (1999).1128. R. Puertas, J. Salud, D.O. Lopez, M.A. Rute, S. Diez, J.L. Tamarit, M. Barrio, M.A. Perez-

Jubindo, M.R. de la Fuente, L.C. Pardo, Chem. Phys. Lett. 401, 368 (2005).1129. L.P. Singh, S.S.N. Murthy, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 094501 (2008).1130. O. Haida, H. Suga, S. Seki, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 9, 1133 (1977).1131. F.X. Hassion, R.H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 23, 1756 (1955).1132. J. Barthel, K. Bachhuber, E. Buchner, H. Hetzenauer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 165, 369 (1990).1133. R. Brand, P. Lunkenheimer, U. Schneider, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8878 (2000).1134. M. Jimenez-Ruiz, M.A. Gonzales, F.J. Bermejo, M.A. Miller, N.O. Birge, I. Cendoya, A.

Alegria, Phys. Rev. B 59, 9155 (1999).1135. S. Benkhof, A. Kudlik, T. Blochowicz, E. Rössler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10, 8155

(1998).1136. G.P. Johari, G. Power, J.K. Vij, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 5908 (2002).1137. G.P. Johari, G. Power, J.K. Vij, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 1714 (2002).1138. N.B. Olsen, T. Christensen, J.C. Dyre, Phys. Rev. E 62, 4435 (2000).1139. G. Power, G.P. Johari, J.K. Vij, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 435 (2003).1140. (a) N. Shinyashiki, M. Shinohara, Y. Iwata, T. Goto, M. Oyama, S. Suzuki, W. Yamamoto,

S. Yagihara, T. Inoue, S. Oyaizu, S. Yamamoto, K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Chem.B 112, 15470 (2008). For pressure dependence, see (b) S. Ancherbak, S. Capaccioli, D.Prevosto, M.S. Thayyil, P.A. Rolla, N. Shinyashiki, J. Phys. Chem. B, to be submitted in(2010); (c) S. Ancherbak, S. Capaccioli, to be published.

1141. S. Yagihara, M. Yamada, M. Asano, Y. Kanai, N. Shinyashiki, S. Mashimo, K.L. Ngai, J.Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 412 (1998).

1142. B. Geil, G. Diezemann, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E 74, 041504 (2006).1143. (a) R.D. Priestley, C.J. Ellison, L.J. Broadbelt, J.M. Torkelson, Science 309, 456, (2005);

(b) Macromolecules 38, 654 (2005).1144. S. Hensel-Bielowka, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, S.J. Rzoska, D. Prevosto, S. Sharifi,

presented at 4th Workshop on Nonequilibrium Physics, Pisa, Italy (2006).1145. (a) R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 114501 (2009); (b) R. Casalini, C.M.

Roland, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 48, 582 (2010).1146. D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, Phys. Rev. B

73 104205 (2006).

References 805

1147. M. Paluch, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, K. Kaminski, T. Psurek, S.J. Rzoska, J. Ziolo,C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. B 72, 224205 (2005).

1148. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 4619 (1982).1149. K. Pathmanathan, J.Y. Cavaille, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 27, 1519 (1989).1150. E. Muzeau, G.P. Johari, Chem. Phys. 149, 173 (1990).1151. (a) D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, S. Sharifi, K. Kessairi, M. Lucchesi, P.A. Rolla, J. Non-

Cryst. Solids 353, 4278 (2007); (b) T. Viciosa, G. Pires, J.J. Moura Ramos, J. Mol. Liq.148, 114 (2009); (c) H.P. Diogo, J.J. Moura Ramos, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 47, 820(2009).

1152. G. Power, J.K. Vij, G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 074509 (2006).1153. M.B.M. Mangion, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 29, 437 (1991).1154. H.H. Song, R.J. Roe, Macromolecules 20, 2723 (1987).1155. P. Lunkenheimer, R. Wren, U. Schneider, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 055702 (2005).1156. P. Lunkenheimer, R. Wehn, T. Riegger, A. Loidl, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 336 (2002).1157. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 035701 (2009).1158. F. Simon, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 203, 219 (1931).1159. E. Jenckel, Z. Electrochem. 45, 202 (1939).1160. J. Kubát, Nature 204, 378 (1965).1161. B.E. Read, G.D. Dean, P.E. Tomlins, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 562 (1994).1162. S. Etienne, N. Hazeg, E. Duval, A. Mermet, A. Wypych, L. David, J. Non-Cryst. Solids

353, 3871 (2007).1163. S.V. Nemilov, Glass Phys. Chem. 26, 511 (2000).1164. M.R. Tant, G.L. Wilkes, Polym. Eng. Sci. 21, 874 (1981).1165. J.M. Hutchinson, Prog. Polym. Sci. 20, 703 (1995).1166. Y. Huang, D.R. Paul, Polymer 45, 8377 (2004).1167. J. Kurchan, Nature 433, 222 (2005).1168. R.D. Priestley, P. Rittigstein, L.J. Broadbelt, K. Fukao, J.M. Torkelson, J. Phys. Condens.

Matter 19, 205120 (2007).1169. P. Rittigstein, J.M. Torkelson, unpublished.1170. C.J. Ellison, J.M. Torkelson, Nat. Mater. 2, 695 (2003).1171. J.L. Keddie, R.A.L. Jones, R.A. Cory, Europhys. Lett. 27, 59 (1994).1172. P. Papon, J. Leblond, P.H.E. Meijer, The Physics of Phase Transitions, Springer, Berlin

(2002).1173. T. Hikima, Y. Adachi, M. Hanaya, M. Oguni, Phys. Rev. B 52, 3900 (1995).1174. (a) T. Hikima, M. Hanaya, M. Oguni, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 539 (1998). J Mol

Struct 479, 245 (1999); (b) M. Hatase, M. Hanaya, T. Hikima, M. Oguni, J. Non-Cryst.Solids 307–310, 257 (2002); (c) F. Paladi, M. Oguni, Phys. Rev. B 65, 144 (2002).

1175. D. Turnbull, J.C. Fisher, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 71 (1949).1176. H. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. E, 68, 011505 (2003). T. Konishi, H. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. B 76,

220201 (2007).1177. (a) Y. Sun, H. Xi, S. Chen, M.D. Ediger, L. Yu, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 5594 (2008); (b)

Y. Sun, H. Xi, M.D. Ediger, R. Richert, L. Yu, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 074506 (2009); (c) H.Xi, Y. Sun, L. Yu, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 094508 (2009); (d) S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, M.Paluch, to be published.

1178. D.Q.M. Craig, P.G. Royall, V.L. Kett, M.L. Hopton, Int. J. Pharm. 179, 179 (1999).1179. L. Yu, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 48, 27 (2001).1180. H. Imaizumi, N. Nambu, T. Nagai, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2565 (1980).1181. M. Otsuka, N. Kaneniwa, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36, 4026 (1988).1182. M. Yoshioka, B.C. Hancock, G.J. Zografi, Pharm. Sci. 83, 1700 (1994).1183. V. Andronis, G.J. Zografi, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 271, 236 (2000).1184. Y. Aso, S. Yoshioka, S. Kojima, J. Pharm. Sci. 89, 408 (2000); Y. Aso, S. Yoshioka,

S. Kojima, J. Pharm. Sci. 93, 384 (2004).1185. S.L. Shamblin, X. Tang, L. Chang, B.C. Hancock, M.J. Pikal, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4113

(1999).

806 References

1186. J. Alie, J. Menegotto, P. Cardon, H. Duplaa, A. Caron, C. Lacabanne, M. Bauer, J. Pharm.Sci. 93, 218 (2004).

1187. G.P. Johari, S. Kim, R.M. Shanker, J. Pharm. Sci. 94, 2207 (2005); 96, 1159 (2007).1188. R. Nath, T. El Goresy, B. Geil, H. Zimmermann, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E. 74, 021506

(2006).1189. R. Nath, A. Nowaczyk, B. Geil, R. Böhmer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 3788 (2007).1190. C. Bhugra, S. Rambhatla, A. Bakri, S.P. Duddu, D.P. Miller, M.J. Pikal, D. Lechuga-

Ballesteros, J. Pharm. Sci. 96, 1258 (2007). For a review, see C. Bhugra, M.J. Pikal,J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 1329 (2008).

1191. (a) C. Bhugra, R. Shmeis, S.L. Krill, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 455 (2007); (b)C. Bhugra, R. Shmeis, S.L. Krill, M.J. Pikal, Pharm. Res. 23, 2277 (2006); (c)O. Korhonen, C. Bhugra, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 3830 (2008).

1192. S. Bhattacharya, R. Suryanarayanan, J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 2935 (2009).1193. E. Fukuoka, M. Makita, S. Yamamura, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 37, 1047 (1989);

E. Fukuoka, M. Makita, Y. Nakamura, ibid. 39, 2087 (1991).1194. G.P. Johari, D. Pyke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2, 5479 (2000).1195. H. Cang, J. Li, H.C. Andersen, M.D. Fayer, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 064508 (2005).1196. A. Nowaczyk, B. Geil, G. Hinze, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E 74, 041505 (2006).1197. A. Detken, P. Focke, H. Zimmermann, U. Haeberlen, Z. Olejniczak, Z.T. Lalowicz,

Z. Naturforsch. Teil A 50, 95 (1995).1198. N.T. Correia, J.J.M. Ramos, M. Descamps, G. Collins, Pharm. Res. 18, 1767 (2001).1199. Z. Wojnarowska, K. Adrjanowicz, P. Wlodarczyk, E. Kaminska, K, Kaminski,

K. Grzybowska, R. Wrzalik, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 12536 (2009).1200. G.P. Johari, S. Kim, R.M. Shanker, J. Pharm. Sci. 94, 2207 (2005).1201. T. El Goresy, R. Böhmer, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205134 (2007).1202. E. Tombari, S. Presto, G.P. Johari, R.M. Shanker, J. Pharm. Sci. 95, 1006 (2006).1203. K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, K. Adrjanowicz, K. Grzybowska, P. Wlodarczyk, M. Paluch,

A. Burian, J. Ziolo, P. Lepek, J. Mazgalski, W. Sawicki, J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 94 (2009).1204. (a) K. Adrjanowicz, K. Kaminski, M. Paluch, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22,

125902 (2010); (b) K. Grzybowska, M. Paluch, A. Grzybowski, Z. Wojnarowska, L.Hawelek, K. Kolodziejczyk, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 12792 (2010).

1205. J.Y. Cavaille, J. Perez, G.P. Johari, Phys. Rev. B 39, 2411 (1989).1206. K. Abbes, G. Vigier, J.Y. Cavaille, L. David, A. Faivre, J. Perez, J. Non-Cryst. Solids

235–237, 286 (1998).1207. A. Faivre, G. Niquet, M. Maglione, J. Fornazero, J.F. Jal, L. David, Eur. Phys. J. B, 10, 277

(1999).1208. B. Sixou, A. Faivre, L. David, G. Vigier, Mol. Phys. 99, 1845 (2001).1209. M.L. Cerrada, G.B. McKenna, Macromolecules 33, 3065 (2000).1210. S.P. Bravard, R. Boyd, Macromolecules 36, 741 (2003).1211. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 035701 (2009).1212. A. Dhinojwala, G.K. Wong, J.M. Torkelson, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 6046 (1994).1213. H.J. Gabius, Naturwissenschaften 87, 108 (2000).1214. T.L. Lindhorst, Chem. Z 34, 38 (2000).1215. F. Amalfa, Biophys. J. 78, 2452 (2000).1216. N.J. Benaroudj, Biol. Chem. 276(26), 24261 (2002); N. Benaroudj, H.H. Lee, A.L.

Goldberg, J. Biol. Chem. 276, 24261 (2001).1217. J.H. Crowe, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60, 73 (1998).1218. G.M. Wang, A.D.J. Haymet, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 5341 (1998).1219. J.H. Crowe, J.F. Carpenter, L.M. Crowe, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60, 73 (1998).1220. J.L Green, C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 2880 (1989).1221. C. Branca, S. Magazu, G. Maisano, P. Migliardo, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 281 (1999); C.

Branca, A. Faraone, S. Magazu, G. Maisano, F. Migliardo, P. Migliardo, V. Villari, Rec.Res. Dev. Phys. Chem. 3, 361 (1999).

References 807

1222. G. Cottone, G. Ciccotti, L. Cordone, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9862 (2002).1223. G. Cottone, S. Giuffrida, G. Ciccotti, L. Cordone, Proteins 59 (2), 291 (2005).1224. A. Hedoux, R. Ionov, J.F. Willart, A. Lerbret, F. Affouard, Y. Guinet, M. Descamps,

D. Prevost, L. Paccou, F. Danede, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 14703 (2006).1225. A. Lerbret, P. Bordat, F. Affouard, A. Hedoux, Y. Guinet, M. Descamps, J. Phys. Chem. B

111, 9410 (2007).1226. A. Hedoux, J.-F. Willart, L. Paccou, Y. Guinet, F. Affouard, A. Lerbret, M. Descamps,

J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 6119 (2009).1227. D. Champion, H. Hervet, G. Blond, M. Le Meste, D. Simatos, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 10674

(1997).1228. (a) S.L. Shamblin, B.C. Hancock, M.J. Pikal, Pharm. Res. 23, 2254 (2006); (b) S.A. Luthra,

I.M. Hodge, M. Utz, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 5240 (2008).1229. L. Finegold, F. Franks, R.H.M. Hatley, J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. 85, 2945 (1989).1230. D.J. Freedberg, Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2358 (2002).1231. L. Poppe, H.J. van Halbeek, Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 1092 (1992).1232. C. Baraguey, D. Mertens, A. Dolle, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 6331 (2002).1233. D. van Dusschoten, U. Tracht, A. Heuer, H.W. Spiess J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 8359 (1999).1234. G.R. Moran, K.R. Jeffrey, J.M. Thomas, J.R. Stevens, Carb. Res. 328, 573 (2000).1235. Gangasharan, S.S.N. Murthy, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 9865 (1993).1236. R.K. Chan, K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 6358 (1986).1237. E. Tombari, C. Cardelli, G. Salvetti, G.P. Johari, J. Mol. Struct. 559, 45 (2001).1238. S.S.N. Gangasharan, S.S.N. Murthy, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 12349 (1995).1239. T.R. Noel, R. Parker, S.G. Ring, Carbohydr. Res. 329, 839 (2000).1240. A. De Gusseme, L. Carpentier, J.F. Willart, M. Descamps, J. Phys. Chem B, 107, 10879

(2003).1241. T.R. Noel, R. Parker, S.G. Ring, Carbohydr. Res. 282, 193 (1996).1242. F. Amalfa, Biophys. J. 78, 2452 (2000).1243. K. Nishinari, D. Chatain, C. Lacabanne, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. B 22, 795 (1983–1984).1244. K. Nishinari, N. Shibuya, K. Kainuma, Makromol. Chem. 186, 433 (1985).1245. M. Scandola, G. Ceccorulli, M. Pizzoli, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 13, 254 (1991).1246. H. Montes, K. Mazeau, J.Y. Cavaille, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 990 (1994).1247. H. Montes, K. Mazeau, J.Y. Cavaille, Macromolecules 30, 6977 (1997).1248. B. Schartel, J. Wendling, J.H. Wendorff, Macromolecules 29, 1521 (1996).1249. J. Einfeldt, D. Meissner, A. Kwasniewski, Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1419 (2001).1250. (a) D. Meissner, J. Einfeldt, A. Kwasniewski, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 275, 199 (2000); (b)

Macromol. Chem. Phys. 201, 1969 (2000).1251. M.F. Butler, R.E. Cameron, Polymer 41, 2249 (2000).1252. H. Montes, J.Y. Cavaille, Polymer 40, 2649 (1999).1253. K. Kaminski, E. Kaminska, S. Hensel-Bielowka, S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, J. Chem.

Phys. 129, 084501 (2008).1254. R. Böhmer, E. Sanchez, C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 23, 9089 (1992).1255. J.H. Crowe, L.M. Crowe, Science 223, 701 (1984).1256. G. Bianchi, A. Gamba, C. Murellie, F. Salamini, D. Bartels, Plant J. 1, 355 (1991).1257. D. Panek, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28, 169 (1995).1258. (a) L. Cordone, G. Cottone, S. Giuffrida, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 205110 (2007); (b)

F. Francia, M. Dezi, A. Mallardi, G. Palazzo, L. Cordone, G. Venturoli, J. Am. Chem. Soc.130, 10240 (2008).

1259. A. Lerbret, P. Bordat, F. Affouard, M. Descamps, F. Migliardo, J. Phys. Chem. 109, 11046(2005).

1260. V.J. McBrierty, C.M. Keely, F.M. Coyle, X. Huan, J.K. Vij, Faraday Disc. 103, 225 (1996).1261. S. Cerveny, G.A. Schwartz, R. Bergman, J. Swenson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 245702 (2004).1262. J. Kubát, C. Pattyranie, Nature 215, 390 (1967).1263. H. Tanaka, Nature 380, 328 (1996).

808 References

1264. O. Mishima, H.E. Stanley, Nature 396, 329 (1998).1265. C.A. Angell, Nature 331, 206 (1988).1266. R.S. Smith, B.D. Kay, Nature 398, 788 (1999).1267. P.G. Debenedetti, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, R1669 (2003).1268. M. Sugisaki, H. Suga, S. Seki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 41, 2591 (1968).1269. A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 4986 (1989).1270. A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 503 (1987).1271. G.P. Johari, A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, Nature 330, 552 (1987).1272. I. Kohl, L. Backmann, A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, T. Loerting, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7,

3210 (2005).1273. A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 7751 (1989).1274. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 144508 (2005).1275. V. Velikov, S. Borick, C.A. Angell, Science 294, 2335 (2001).1276. Y. Yu, C.A. Angell, Nature 427, 717 (2004).1277. G.P. Johari, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 8067 (2002).1278. N. Giovambattista, C.A. Angell, F. Sciortino, H.E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 047801

(2004).1279. F.W. Starr, C.A. Angell, E.L. Nave, S. Sastry, A. Acala, F. Sciortino, H.E. Stanley, Biophys.

Chem. 105, 573 (2003).1280. S.M. McClure, D.J. Safarik, T.M. Truskett, C.B. Mullins, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 11033

(2006).1281. (a) S. Maruyama, K. Wakabayashi, M.A. Oguni, AIP Conf. Proc. 708, 675 (2004); (b)

K. Kawai, T. Suzuki, M. Oguni, Biophys. J. 90, 3732 (2006).1282. M. Oguni, S. Maruyama, K. Wakabayashi, A. Nagoe, Chem. Asian 2, 514 (2007).1283. M. Oguni, Y. Kanke, S. Namba, AIP Conf. Proc. 982, 34 (2008).1284. (a) F. Mallamace, E. Tombari, G. Salvetti, G.P. Johari, Condens Matter. arXiv: 0806.4775;

(b) G.P. Johari, Thermochim. Acta 492, 29 (2009).1285. C.A. Angell, Science 319, 582 (2008).1286. C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 6339 (1993).1287. K. Ito, C.T. Moynihan, C.A. Angell, Nature 398, 492 (1999).1288. F. Starr, C.A. Angell, H.E. Stanley, Physica A 323, 51 (2003).1289. (a) A. Faraone, L. Liu, C.Y. Mou, C.W. Yen, S.H. Chen, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 10843

(2004); (b) L. Liu, S.-H. Chen, A. Faraone, C.-W. Yen, C.-Y. Mou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95,117802 (2005); (c) M. Lagi, P. Baglioni, S.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 108102 (2009);(d) X. Chu, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Faraone, S.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. E 77, 011908(2008); (e) Y. Zhang, M. Lagi, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, E. Mamontov, S.-H. Chen, Phys.Rev. E 79, 040201(R) (2009); (f) X.-Q. Chu, K.-H. Liu, M.S. Tyagi, C.-Y. Mou, S.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. E 82, 020501(R) (2010); (g) S.H. Chen, Y. Zhang, M. Lagi, S.H.Chong, P. Baglioni, F. Mallamace, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21, 504102 (2009); (h) F.Mallamace, C. Branca, C. Corsaro, J. Spooren, S.-H. Chen, H.E Stanley, J. Non-Cryst.Solids doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.06.049; (i) F. Mallamace, C. Branca, C. Corsaro, N.Leone, J. Spooren, H.E. Stanley, S.-H. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 1870 (2010).

1290. F. Mallamace, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, A. Faraone, U. Wanderlingh, L. Liu, C.-Y. Mou,S.-H. Chen, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 161102 (2006).

1291. L. Xu, P. Kumar, S.V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen, P.H. Poole, F. Sciortino, H.E. Stanley, Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 16558 (2005).

1292. J. Swenson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 189801 (2006).1293. J. Hedstrom, J. Swenson, R. Bergman, H. Jansson, S. Kittaka, Eur. Phys. J. Special Top.

141, 53 (2007).1294. S. Cerveny, J. Colmenero, A. Alegria, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 189802 (2006).1295. N. Shinyashiki, S. Sudo, S. Yagihara, A. Spanoudakis, A. Kyritsis, P. Pissis, J. Phys.

Condens. Matter 19, 205113–205112 (2007).1296. R. Bergman, J. Swenson, Nature 403, 283 (2000).

References 809

1297. G.P. Johari, Chem. Phys. 258, 277 (2000).1298. S.K. Jain, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 5851 (1988).1299. S. Sudo, M. Shimomura, T. Saito, T. Kashiwagi, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 305, 197 (2002).1300. S. Sudo, S. Tsubotani, M. Shimomura, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, J. Chem. Phys. 121,

7332 (2004).1301. S. Sudo, M. Shimomura, K. Kanari, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, J. Chem. Phys. 124,

044901 (2006).1302. S. Sudo, M. Shimomura, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 356

(2002). S. Sudo, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, J. Mol. Liq. 90, 113 (2001).1303. Y. Hayashi, A. Puzenko, I. Balin, Y.E. Ryabov, Y. Feldman, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 917

(2005).1304. (a) K. Grzybowska, A. Grzybowski, S. Pawlus, S. Hensel-Bielowka, M. Paluch, J. Chem.

Phys. 123, 204506 (2005); (b) K. Grzybowska, M. Paluch, A. Grzybowski, S. Pawlus,S. Ancherbak, D. Prevosto, S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1170 (2010).

1305. M. Shinohara, T. Goto, M. Oyama, S. Suzuki, N. Shinyashiki. S. Yagihara, T. Inoue,S. Oyaizu, S. Yamamoto, AIP Conf. Proc. 832, 145 (2006).

1306. M. Tyagi, S.S.N. Murthy, Carbohydr. Res. 341, 650 (2006).1307. S. Sudo, S. Tobinai, N. Shinyashiki, S. Yagihara, AIP Conf. Proc. 832, 149 (2006).1308. S. Cerveny, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, Phys. Rev. E 77, 031803 (2008).1309. H.-J. Kwon, J.-A. Seo, H.K. Kim, Y.-H. Hwang, AIP Conf. Proc. 982, 728 (2008).1310. N. Shinyashiki, M. Shimomura, T. Ushiyama, T. Miyagawa, S. Yagihara, J. Phys. Chem. B

111, 10079 (2007).1311. R. Buchner, J. Barthel, J. Stauber, Chem. Phys. Lett. 306, 57 (1999).1312. S.E. Pagnotta, S. Cerveny, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 085102 (2009).1313. K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 28, 675 (1990); J. Chem. Soc.

Faraday Trans. 90, 1143 (1994).1314. S. Khodadadi, S. Pawlus, J.H. Roh, V. Garcia Sakai, E. Mamontov, A.P. Sokolov, J. Chem.

Phys. 128, 195106 (2008).1315. G. Caliskan, R.M. Briber, D. Thirumalai, V. Garcia-Sakai, S.A. Woodson, A.P. Sokolov,

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 32 (2006).1316. K. Kawai K., T. Suzuki, M. Oguni, Biophys. J. 90, 3732 (2006).1317. N. Shinyashiki, W. Yamamoto, A. Yokoyama, T. Yoshinari, S. Yagihara, R. Kita, K.L. Ngai,

S. Capaccioli, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 14448 (2009).1318. W. Doster, M. Settles, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1749, 173 (2005).1319. W. Doster, Eur. Biophys. J. 37, 591 (2008).1320. K.L. Ngai, S. Capaccioli, N. Shinyashiki, S. Achebak, Philos. Mag. to be published.1321. (a) S. Cerveny, F. Barroso-Bujans, A. Alegria, J. Colmenero, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 2604

(2010); (b) A. Buchsteiner, A. Lerf, J. Pieper, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 22328 (2006); (c)A. Lerf, A. Buchsteiner, J. Pieper, S. Schottl, I. Dekany, T. Szabo, H.P. Boehm, J. Phys.Chem. Solids 67, 106 (2006).

1322. (a) C. Gainaru, A. Fillmer, R. Böhmer, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 12628 (2009); (b) S.A.Lusceac, M.R. Vogel, C.R. Herbers, arXiv:0904.4424v1 [cond-mat.Soft] 28 Apr 2009; (c)Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom. 1804, 41 (2010); (d) S. Lusceac, M. Rosenstihl,M. Vogel, C. Gainaru, A. Fillmer, R. Böhmer, J. Non-Cryst.Solids 357, 655 (2010); (e)M. Vogel, E. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 5802 (2001).

1323. (a) D. Kilburn, S. Townrow, V. Meunier, R. Richardson, A. Alam, J. Ubbink, Nat. Mater.5, 632 (2006); (b) S.J. Suresh, V.M. Naik, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9727 (2000).

1324. F. Sciortino, P. Gallo, P. Tartaglia, S.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. A 54, 6331 (1996).1325. H.J.C. Berendsen, J.R. Grigera, T.P. Straatsma, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 6269 (1987).1326. H.-S. Chen, J. Teixeira, R. Nicklow, Phys. Rev. A 26, 3477 (1982).1327. J. Teixeira, M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, S.H. Chen, A.J. Dianoux, Phys. Rev. A 31, 1913

(1985).

810 References

1328. C. Masciovecchio, S.C. Santucci, A. Gessini, S. Di Fonzo, G. Ruocco, F. Sette, Phys. Rev.Lett. 92, 255507 (2004).

1329. R. Torre, P. Bartolini, R. Righini, Nature 424, 296 (2004); L. Bove et al., J. Chem. Phys.134, 034514 (2011).

1330. G.P. Johari, A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, Science 273, 90 (1996).1331. Y.P. Handa, D.D. Klug, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 3323 (1988).1332. A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, G.P. Johari, Philos. Mag. B 60, 179 (1989).1333. G.P. Johari, A. Hallbrucker, E. Mayer, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 6742 (1990).1334. M. Cammarata, M. Levantino, A. Cupane, A. Longo, A. Martorana, F. Bruni, Eur. Phys.

J. E 12, S63 (2003).1335. K. Pathmanathan, G.P. Johari, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. B 28, 675 (1990); J. Chem. Soc.

Faraday Trans. 90, 1143 (1994).1336. K. Hofer, E. Mayer, G.P. Johari, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 2689 (1990); 95, 7100 (1991).1337. G.P. Johari, G. Astl, E. Mayer, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 809 (1990).1338. K. Watanabe, M. Oguni, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 80(9), 1758 (2007).1339. K. Watanabe, M. Oguni, M. Tadokoro, Y. Oohata, R. Nakamura, J. Phys. Condens. Matter

18, 8427 (2006); J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 2091 (2010).1340. R.B. Gregory, Ed., Protein–Solvent Interactions, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (1995).1341. P.W. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, B.H. McMahon, R.D. Young, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA.

101, 14408 (2004).1342. F. Parak, H. Formanek, Acta Crystallogr. A 27, 573 (1971); F. Parak, M. Fischer, G.U.

Nienhaus, J. Mol. Liq. 42,145 (1989).1343. F. Parak, E.W. Knapp, D. Kucheida, J. Mol. Biol. 161, 177 (1982).1344. W. Doster, S. Cusak, W. Petry, Nature 337, 754 (1989), Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1083 (1990).1345. (a) A.M. Tsai, D.A. Neumann, L.N. Bell, Biophys. J. 79, 2728 (2000); (b) A.M. Tsai, T.J.

Udovic, D.A. Neumann, Biophys. J. 81, 2339 (2001).1346. (a) A. Paciaroni, S. Cinellli, G. Onori, Biophys. J. 83, 1157 (2002); (b) E. Cornicchi, M.

Marconi, G. Onori, A. Paciaroni, Biophys. J. 91, 289 (2006); (c) E. Cornicchi, S. Capponi,M. Marconi, G. Onori, A. Paciaroni, Philos. Mag. 87, 509 (2007); (d) A. Paciaroni, A.Orecchini, E. Cornicchi, M. Marconi, C. Petrillo, M. Haertlein, M. Moulin, F. Sacchetti,Philos. Mag. 88, 4071 (2008); (e) M. Di Bari, A. Deriu, G. Albanese, F. Cavatorta, Chem.Phys. 292, 333 (2003); (f) I.J. Van den Dries, N.A.M. Besseling, D. Van Dusschoten, M.A.Hemminga, E. Van Der Linden, J. Phys. Chem. B. 104, 9260 (2000).

1347. J.-M. Zanotti, G. Gibrat, M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, 4865(2008).

1348. P.W. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, B.H. McMahon, F.G. Parak, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.99, 16047 (2002).

1349. H. Frauenfelder, P.W. Fenimore, G. Chen, B.H. McMahon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA103, 15469 (2006).

1350. V. Lubchenko, P.G. Wolynes, H. Frauenfelder, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 7488 (2005).1351. (a) Y. Miyazaki, T. Matsuo, H. Suga, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 8044 (2000); (b) Y. Miyazaki,

T. Matsuo, H. Suga, Chem. Phys. Lett. 213, 303 (1993).1352. M.M. Teeter, A. Yamano, B. Stec, U. Mohanty, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98, 11242

(2001).1353. M. Tarek, D.J. Tobias, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 138101 (2002).1354. (a) T. Kleinert, W. Doster, H. Leyser, W. Petry, V. Schwarz, M. Settles, Biochemistry 37,

717 (1998); (b) H. Lichtengegger, W. Doster, T. Kleinert, A. Birk, B. Sepiol, G. Vogl,Biophys. J. 76, 414 (1999); (c) W. Doster, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom. 1804,3 (2010); (d) J. Han, R.H. Boyd, Polymer 37, 1797 (1995); (e) R.K. Bharadwaj, R.H. Boyd,Polymer 40, 4229 (1999); (f) A.A. Gusev, U.W. Suter, D.J. Moll, Macromolecules 28, 2582(1995).

1355. G. Chen, P.W. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, F. Mezei, J. Swenson, R.D. Young, Philos. Mag.88, 3877 (2008); H. Frauenfeder, F. Mezei, Acta Cryst. D 66, 1229 (2010).

1356. H. Frauenfelder, G. Chen, J. Berendzen, P.W. Fenimore, H. Jansson, B.H. McMahon, I.R.Stroe, J. Swenson, R.D. Young, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106, 5129 (2009).

References 811

1357. S. Khodadadi, A. Malkovskiy, A. Kisliuk, A.P. Sokolov, Biochim. Biophys. Acta ProteinsProteom. 1804, 15 (2010).

1358. (a) S. Khodadadi, S. Pawlus, J.H. Roh, V.G. Sakai, E. Mamontov, A.P. Sokolov, J. Chem.Phys. 128, 195106 (2008); (b) A.P. Sokolov, J.H. Roh, E. Mamontov, V.G. Sakai, Chem.Phys. 345, 212 (2008); (c) S. Khodadadi, S. Pawlus, A.P. Sokolov, J. Phys. Chem. B 112,14273 (2008); (d) S. Khodadadi, J.H. Roh, A. Kisliuk, E. Mamontov, M. Tyagi, S.A.Woodson, R. M. Briber, A.P. Sokolov, Biophys. J. 98, 1321 (2010).

1359. S.-H. Chen, L. Liu, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Faraone, E. Mamontov, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA. 103, 9012 (2006).

1360. (a) N. Miura, Y. Hayashi, S. Mashimo, Biopolymers 39, 183 (1996); (b) N. Nandi, K.Bhattacharyya, B. Bagchi, Chem. Rev. 100, 2013 (2000); (c) A. Oleinikova, P. Sasisanker,H. Weingartner, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 8467 (2004).

1361. (a) S. Magazú, F. Migliardo, C. Mondelli, M. Vadala, Carbohydrate Res. 340, 2796 (2005).(b) S. Magazú, G. Maisano, F. Migliardo, C. Mondelli, Biophys. J. 86, 3241 (2004). (c) B.Varga, F. Migliardo, E. Takacs, B. Vertessy, S. Magazú, M.T.F. Telling, J. Biol. Phys. 36,207 (2010). (d) S. Capaccioli, K. L. Ngai, to be published. (e) See also related work byF. Gabel, M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Biophys. J. 92, 4054 (2007).

1362. G. Schiro, M. Sclafani, C. Caronna, F. Natali, M. Plazanet, A. Cupane, Chem. Phys. 345,259 (2008); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 1371 (2010).

1363. K. Wood, A. Frölich, A. Paciaroni, M. Moulin, M. Hartlein, G. Zaccai, D.J. Tobias,M. Weik, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 4586 (2008).

1364. (a) A.L. Tournier, J. Xu, J.C. Smith, Biophys. J. 85, 1871 (2003); (b) T. Becker, J.A.Hayward, J.L. Finney, R.M. Daniel, J.C. Smith, Biophys. J. 87, 1436 (2004); (c) F. Gabel,M. Weik, B.P. Doctor, A. Saxena, D. Fournier, L. Brochier, F. Renault, P. Masson, I. Silman,G. Zaccai, Biophys. J. 8, 3152 (2004).

1365. S. Sacquin-Mora, P. Sebban, V. Derrien, B. Frick, R. Lavery, C. Alba-Simionesco,Biochemistry 46, 14960 (2007).

1366. P. Kumar, Z. Yan, L. Xu, M.G. Mazza, S.V. Buldyrev, S.H. Chen, S. Sastry, H.E. Stanley,Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 177802 (2006).

1367. J.E. Curtis, T.E. Dirama, G.A. Carri, D.J. Tobias, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 22953 (2006).1368. T. Li, A.A. Hassanali, Y.T. Kao, D. Zhong, S.J. Singer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 3376

(2007).1369. F. Gabel, M.C. Bellissent-Funel, Biophys. J. 92, 4054 (2007).1370. (a) G. Zaccai, Science 288, 1604 (2000); (b) M. Jasnin, L. van Eijck, M.M. Koza, J. Peters,

C. Laguri, H. Lortat-Jacob, G. Zaccai, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 3360 (2010).1371. L. Zhang, L. Wang, Y.T. Kao, W. Qiu, Y. Yang, O. Okobiah, D. Zhong, Proc. Natl. Acad.

Sci. USA. 104, 18461 (2007).1372. L. Cordone, M. Ferrand, E. Vitrano, G. Zaccai, Biophys. J. 76, 1043 (1999).1373. I. Köper, S. Combet, W. Petry, M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Eur. Biophys. J. 37, 739 (2008).1374. M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Pramana J. Phys. 63, 91 (2004).1375. E.C. Lopez-Dıez, S. Bone, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1673, 139 (2004).1376. M. Sola-Penna, J.R. Meyer-Fernandes, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 360, 10 (1998).1377. F. Affouard, P. Bordat, M. Descamps, A. Lerbret, S. Magazu, F. Migliardo, A.J. Ramirez-

Cuesta, M.F.T. Telling, Chem. Phys. 317, 258 (2005).1378. E. Cornicchi, G. Onori, A. Paciaroni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 158104 (2005).1379. S. Giuffrida, G. Cottone, L. Cordone, Biophys. J. 91, 968 (2006).1380. (a) S. Magazu, F. Migliardo, M.F.T. Telling, Eur. Biophys. J. 36, 163 (2007). (b) S. Magazu,

F. Migliardo, A. Benedetto, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 9268 (2010).1381. M.F. Mazzobre, M.D. Buera, J. Chirife, Biotechnol. Prog. 13, 195 (1997).1382. K.D. Rector, J.W. Jiang, M.A. Berg, M.D. Fayer, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1081 (2001).1383. (a) M.C. Manning, D.K. Chou, B.M. Murphy, R.W. Payne, D.S. Katayama, Pharm. Res.

(2010). doi: 10.1007/s11095-009-0045-6; (b) M.T. Cicerone, C.L. Soles, Biophys. J.86, 3836 (2004); (c) B. Wang, S. Tchessalov, M.T. Cicerone, N.W. Warne, M.J. Pikal,J. Pharm. Sci. doi: 10.1002/jps.21622 (2008); (d) M.T. Cicerone, A. Tellington, L. Trost,

812 References

A. Sokolov, BioProcess Int. January issue, 1, (2003); (e) M.T. Cicerone, C.L. Soles,Z. Chowdhuri, M.J. Pikal, L. Chang, Am. Pharm. Rev. 8(22), 24 (2005); (f) A.M. Abdul-Fattah, V. Truong-Le, L. Yee, L. Nguyen, D.S. Kalonia, M.T. Cicerone, M.J. Pikal, J.Pharm. Sci. 96, 1983 (2007); (g) S.A. Luthra, M.J. Pikal, M. Utz, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 4336(2008); (h) M.J. Pikal, D. Rigsbee, M.L. Roy, D. Galreath, K.J. Koavach, Bingquan (Stuart)Wang, J.F. Carpenter, M.T. Cicerone, J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 5106 (2008); (i) For a review seeLiuquan (Lucy) Chang, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 98, 2886 (2009); (j) J. Liu, D.R. Rigsbee,M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 91,1853 (2002); (k) K. Kawakami, M.J. Pikal, J. Pharm. Sci. 94,948 (2004); (l) G. Caliskan, D. Mechtani, J.H. Roh, A. Kisliuk, A.P. Sokolov, S. Azzam,M.T. Cicerone, S. Lin-Gibson, I. Peral, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 1978 (2004); (m) D.P. Miller,R.E. Anderson, J.J. de Pablo, J. Pharm. Res. 15, 1215 (1998); (n) R.H.M. Hatley, J.A. Blair,J. Mol. Catal. B Enzymatic 7, 11 (1999); (o) A. Anopchenko, T. Psurek, D. VanderHart,J.F. Douglas, J. Obrzut, Phys. Rev. E 74, 031501 (2006).

1384. (a) S. Yoshioka, T. Miyazaki, Y. Aso, T. Kawanishi, J. Pharm. Res. 24, 1660 (2007); (b) S.Yoshioka, T. Miyazaki, Y. Aso, J. Pharm. Res. 23, 961 (2006); (c) S. Yoshioka, Y. Aso, S.Kojima, J. Pharm. Res. 13, 926 (1996); (d) S. Yoshioka, Y. Aso, S. Kojima, S. Sakurai , T.Fujiwara, H. Akutsu, J. Pharm Res. 16, 1621 (1999); (e) S. Yoshioka, Y. Aso, S. Kojima,J. Pharm. Res. 13, 926 (1996).

1385. (a) M. Vogel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 225701 (2008). The observation of “fragile-to-strong”transition claimed in this paper was withdrawn in the publication that followed it [1322(b)];(b) R. Knauss, G. Fleischer, W. Gründer, J. Kärger, A. Werner, Magn. Reson. Med. 36, 241(1996).

1386. Y. Shibata, A. Kurita, T. Kushida, Biophys. J. 75, 521 (1998).1387. G. Sartor, E. Mayer, G.P. Johari, Biophys. J. 66, 249 (1994).1388. J.L. Green, J. Fan, C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 13780 (1994).1389. C. Inoue, M. Ishikawa, J. Food Sci. 65, 1187 (2000).1390. A. Cupane, M. Leone, V. Militello, Biophys. Chem. 104, 335 (2003).1391. G.P. Johari, E. Whalley, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1333 (1981).1392. G. Chen, P.W. Fenimore, H. Frauenfelder, F. Mezei, J. Swenson, R.D. Young, Philos. Mag.

88, 3877 (2008).1393. H. Frauenfelder, G. Chen, J. Berendzen, P.W. Fenimore, H. Jansson, B.H. McMahon, I.R.

Stroe, J. Swenson, R.D. Young, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106, 5129 (2009).1394. C. Svanberg, P. Berntsen, A. Johansson, T. Hedlund, E. Axén, J. Swenson, J. Chem. Phys.

130, 035101 (2009).1395. (a) W. Doster, S. Busch, A.M. Gaspar, M.-S. Appavou, J. Wuttke, H. Scheer, Phys. Rev.

Lett. 104, 098101 (2010); (b) W. Doster, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 357, 622 (2011).1396. J. Wuttke, W. Petry, G. Coddens, F. Fujara, Phys. Rev. E 52, 4026 (1995).1397. W.G. Hoover, M. Ross, Contemp. Phys. 12, 339 (1971); W.G. Hoover, M. Ross, K.W.

Johnson, D. Henderson, J.A. Barker, B.C. Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 4931 (1970).1398. P.G. Debenedetti, F.H. Stillinger, T.M. Truskett, C.J. Roberts, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 7390

(1999).1399. M.S. Shell, P.G. Debenedetti, E. La Nave, F. Sciortino, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 8821 (2003).1400. R.J. Speedy, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S1243 (2003).1401. Y. Hiwatari, H. Matsuda, T. Ogawa, N. Ogita, A. Ueda, Prog. Theor. Phys. 52, 1105

(1974).1402. A. Tölle, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 1473 (2001).1403. A. Tölle, H. Schober, J. Wuttke, O.G. Randl, F. Fujara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2374 (1998).1404. C. Dreyfus, A. Aouadi, J. Gapinski, M. Matos-Lopes, W. Steffen, A. Patkowski, R.M. Pick,

Phys. Rev. E 68, 011204 (2003).1405. C. Dreyfus, A. Le Grand, J. Gapinski, W. Steffen, A. Patkowski, Eur. Phys. J. 42, 309

(2004).1406. G. Tarjus, D. Kivelson, S. Mossa, C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 6135

(2004).

References 813

1407. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. E 69, 062501 (2004).1408. (a) C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 11503 (2004); (b) R. Casalini, S.

Capaccioli, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 11491 (2006).1409. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Colloid Polym. Sci. 283, 107 (2004).1410. J.D. Weeks, D. Chandler, H.C. Andersen, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 5237 (1971). D. Chandler,

J.D. Weeks, H.C. Andersen, Science 220, 787 (1983).1411. (a) D. Coslovich, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 1329 (2008); (b) D. Coslovich,

C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 151103 (2009); (c) U.R. Pedersen, N.P. Bailey, T.B.Schroder, J.C. Dyre, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 015701 (2008); (d) N.P. Bailey, U.R. Pedersen,N. Gnan, T.B. Schroder, J.C. Dyre, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 184507 (2008), J. Chem. Phys.129, 184508 (2008); (e) C.M. Roland, D. Fragiadakis, D. Coslovich, S. Capaccioli, K.L.Ngai, “Correlation of Non-exponentiality with Dynamic Heterogeneity from Four-pointDynamic Susceptibility χ4(t) and its Approximation χT(t)”, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 124507(2010).

1412. (a) C. De Michele, F. Sciortino, A. Coniglio, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, L489 (2004);(b) S. Capaccioli, K.L. Ngai, M. Paluch, unpublished (2010); (c) L. Berthier, G. Tarjus,Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 170601 (2009). arXiv:1005.0914 (May, 2010); (d) T. Voigtmann,W.C.K. Poon, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 18, L465 (2006); (e) T. Voigtmann, Phys. Rev.Lett. 101, 095701 (2008); (f) C.S. O’Hern, S.A. Langer, A.J. Liu, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. E68, 011306 (2003); (g) N. Xu, M. Wyart, A.J. Liu, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 175502(2007); (h) L. Berthier, T.A. Witten, Europhys. Lett. 86, 10001 (2009); Phys. Rev. E 80,021502 (2009).

1413. (a) C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, M. Paluch, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 42, 4313 (2004);(b) K. Kaminski, S. Maslanka, J. Ziolo, M. Paluch, K.J. McGrath, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev.E 75, 011903 (2007).

1414. R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 38, 1779 (2005).1415. K.L. Ngai, R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 38, 4363 (2005).1416. H. Fujimori, M. Oguni, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 26, 367 (1994).1417. A. Rivera, J. Santamaria, C. León, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, S1633 (2003).1418. A. Pimenov, P. Lunkenheimer, H. Rall, R. Kohlhaas, A. Loidl, R. Böhmer, Phys. Rev. E

54, 676 (1996).1419. P. Lunkenheimer, A. Pimenov, A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2995 (1997).1420. F. Mezei, W. Knaak, B. Farago, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 571 (1987).1421. G. Li, W.M. Du, X.K. Chen, H.Z. Cummins, N.J. Tao, Phys. Rev. A 45, 3867 (1992).1422. (a) N.V. Surovtsev, J.A.H. Wiedersich, V.N. Novikov, E. Rossler, A.P. Sokolov, Phys. Rev.

B 58, 14 888 (1999); (b) J. Gapinski, W. Steffen, A. Patkowski, A.P. Sokolov, A. Kisliuk,U. Buchenau, M. Russina, F. Mezei, H. Schober, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 2312 (1999); (c) H.C.Barshilia, G. Li, G.Q. Shen, H.Z. Cummins, Phys. Rev. A 59, 5625 (1999); (d) K. Niss, C.Dalle-Ferrier, B. Frick, D. Russo, J. Dyre, C. Alba-Simionesco, Phys. Rev. E, 82, 021508(2010).

1423. A. Kisliuk, V.N. Novikov, A.P. Sokolov, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 40, 201 (2002).1424. R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 293–295, 318 (2001).1425. L. Larini, A. Ottochian, C. De Michele, D. Leporini, Nat. Phys. 4, 42 (2008).1426. (a) M.J. Lebon, C. Dreyfus, G. Li, A. Aouadi, H.Z. Cummins, R.M. Pick, Phys. Rev. E 51,

4537 (1995); (b) K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. E 54, 6969 (1996); (c) A. Brodin,L. Borjesson, D. Engberg, L.M. Torell, A.P. Sokolv, Phys. Rev. B 53, 11511 (1996).

1427. D.L. Sidebottom, B.V. Rodenburg, J.R. Changstrom, Phys. Rev. B 75, 132201 (2007).1428. T. Kanaya, K. Kaji, J. Bartos, M. Klimova, Macromolecules 30, 1107 (1997).1429. T. Kanaya, T. Tsukushi, K. Kaji, J. Bartos, J. Kristiak, Phys. Rev. E 60, 1906 (1999).1430. J. Bartos, P. Bandzuch, O. Sausa, K. Kristiakova, J. Kristiak, T. Kanaya, W. Jenninger,

Macromolecules 30, 6906 (1997).1431. E. Duval, A. Mermet, N. Surovtsev, A.J. Dianoux, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 203

(1998).

814 References

1432. E. Duval, A. Mermet, N. Surovtsev, J.F. Jal, A.J. Dianoux, Philos. Mag. B 77, 457 (1997).1433. A. Mermet, E. Duval, N. Surovtsev, J.F. Jala, A. Dianoux, A.F. Yee, Europhys. Lett. 38,

515 (1997).1434. H.A. Hristov, B. Bolan, A.F. Yee, L. Xie, D.W. Gidley, Macromolecules 29, 8507 (1996).1435. U. Bengtzelius, W. Götze, A. Sjölander, J. Phys. C 17, 5915 (1984).1436. E. Leutheuser, Phys. Rev. A 29, 2765 (1984).1437. W. Petry, E. Bartsch, F. Fujara, M. Kiebel, H. Sillescu, B. Farago, Z. Phys. B 83, 175

(1991).1438. J. Wuttke, M. Kiebel, E. Bartsch, F. Fujara, W. Petry, H. Sillescu, Z. Phys. B 91, 357 (1993).

M. Kiebel, E. Bartsch, O. Debus, F. Fujara, H. Sillescu, Phys. Rev. B 45, 10301 (1992).1439. F. Mezei, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 317 (1991), data interpreted in terms of MCT by

authors in next reference.1440. H.Z. Cummins, W.M. Du, M. Fuchs, W. Götze, S. Hildebrand, A. Latz, G. Li, N.J. Tao,

Phys. Rev. E 47, 4223 (1993).1441. A. Tölle, H. Schober, J. Wuttke, F. Fujara, Phys. Rev. E 56, 809 (1997).1442. G. Li, M. Du, A. Sakai, H.Z. Cummins, Phys. Rev. A 46, 3343 (1992).1443. W.M. Du, G. Li, H.Z. Cummins, M. Fuchs, J. Toulouse, L.A. Knauss, Phys. Rev. E 49,

2192 (1994).1444. M. Fuchs, W. Götze, S. Hildebrand, A. Latz, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 4, 7709 (1992).1445. H.Z. Cummins, Y.H. Hwang, G. Li, W.M. Du, W. Losert, G.Q. Shen, J. Non-Cryst. Solids

235–237, 254 (1998).1446. D. Engberg, A. Wischnewski, U. Buchenau, L. Börjesson, A.J. Dianoux, A.P. Sokolov,

L.M. Torell, Phys. Rev. B 58, 9087 (1998).1447. T. Blochowicz, C. Tschirwitz, S. Benkhof, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7544 (2003).1448. T. Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, P. Medick, C. Tschirwitz, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 124,

134503 (2006).1449. (a) K. Murata, A. Hanawa, R. Nozaki, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 084107 (2005); (b) R. Nozaki,

J. Non-Cryst. Solids, to be published (2010).1450. E. Kubo, A. Minoguchi, H. Sotokawa, R. Nozaki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 4724 (2006).1451. K.L. Ngai, R. Casalini, Phys. Rev. B 66, 132205 (2002).1452. A. Schönhals, F. Kremer, A. Hofmann, E.W. Fischer, E. Schlosser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70,

3459 (1993).1453. M. Alcoutlabi, G.B. McKenna, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 17, R461 (2005); S.F. Swallen et

al., J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 4600 (2009).1454. C. Le Quellec, G. Dosseh, F. Audonnet, N. Brodie-Linder, C. Alba-Simionesco,

W. Haeussler, B. Frick, Eur. Phys. J. Special Top. 141, 11 (2007).1455. S. Kawana, R.A.L. Jones, Phys. Rev. E 63, 021501 (2001); Eur. Phys. J. E 10, 223 (2003).1456. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rizos, D.J. Plazek, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237, 435 (1998).1457. Z. Fakhraai, J.A. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 025701 (2005).1458. M.M. Elmahdy, K. Chrissopoulou, A. Afratis, G. Floudas, S.H. Anastasiadis,

Macromolecules 39, 5170 (2006).1459. J. Baschnagel, K. Binder, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 543, 157 (1999).1460. J. Baschnagel, C. Mischler, K. Binder, J. Phys. IV 10, Pr7 (2000).1461. C. Mischler, J. Baschnagel, K. Binder, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 94, 197 (2001).

http://arxiv.org/abs/condmat / 0012277.1462. T. Kreer, J. Baschnagel, M. Müller, K. Binder, Macromolecules 34, 1105 (2001).1463. P. Scheidler, W. Kob, K. Binder, G. Parisi, Philos. Mag. B 82, 283 (2002).1464. C.R. Nugent, K.V. Edmond, H.N. Patel, E.R. Weeks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 025702 (2007).1465. (a) K.-I. Akabori, K. Tanaka, T. Nagamura, A. Takahara, T. Kajiyama, Macromolecules

38, 9735 (2005); (b) T. Kajiyama, K. Tanaka, N. Satomi, A. Takahara, Macromolecules 31,5151 (1998); (c) K. Tanaka, A. Takahara, T. Kajiyama, Macromolecules 33, 7588 (2000);(d) T.Z. Fakhraai, J.A. Forrest, Science 319, 600 (2008); (e) D. Qi, Z. Fakhraai, J.A. Forrest,Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 096101 (2008); (f) S. Napolitano, M. Wübbenhorst, Polymer 51, 5309(2010).

References 815

1466. (a) T. Kuhlmann, J. Kraus, P. Müller-Buschbaum, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235, 457 (1998);(b) J. Kraus, P. Müller-Buschbaum, T. Kuhlmann, D.W. Schubert, M. Stamm, Europhys.Lett. 49, 210 (2000).

1467. G. Reiter, Europhys. Lett. 23, 579 (1993).1468. J.A. Forrest, Eur. Phys. J. E 8, 261 (2002).1469. G.B. McKenna, Eur. Phys. J. E 12, 191(2003).1470. J.F. O’Gara, S.G. Dejardins, A.A. Jones, Macromolecules 14, 62 (1981).1471. J.J. Connolly, E. Gordon, A.A. Jones, Macromolecules 17, 722 (1984).1472. A.E. Tonelli, Macromolecules 5, 558 (1972).1473. J.T. Bendler, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 371, 299 (1981).1474. G. Power, J.K. Vij, G.P. Johari 124, 044513 (2006).1475. K. Mpoukouvalas, G. Floudas, G. Williams, Macromolecules 42, 4690 (2009).1476. M. Wind, R. Graf, A. Heuer, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 155702–1 (2003).1477. G. Williams, Chem. Rev. 72, 55 (1972).1478. A.A. Pronin, M.V. Kondrin, A.G. Lyapin, V.V. Brazhkin, A.A. Volkov, P. Lunkenheimer,

A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. B 81, 041503 (2010).1479. A. Reiser, G. Kasper, Europhys. Lett. 76, 1137 (2006).1480. C.A. Herbst, R.L. Cook, H.E. King, Nature 361, 518 (1993).1481. (a) S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, J. Zioło, C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 21, 332101

(2009); (b) S. Pawlus, M. Paluch, E. Kaminska, K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 7678(2006); (c) Z. Wojnarowska, M. Paluch, A. Grzybowski, K. Adrjanowicz, K. Grzybowska,K. Kaminski, P. Wlodarczyk, J. Pionteck, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 104505 (2009); (d) K.Adrjanowicz, K. Kaminski, M. Paluch, P. Wlodarczyk, K. Grzybowska, Z. Wojnarowska,L. Hawelek, W. Sawicki, P. Lepek, R. Lunio, J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 828 (2010); (e) S. Pawlus,M. Paluch, J. Ziolo, M.K. Kolel-Veetil, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 415101 (2010).

1482. C. León, J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Z. Phys. Chem. 223, 1311 (2009).1483. C. León, M.L. Lucía, J. Santamaría, M.A. París, J. Sanz, A. Várez, Phys. Rev. B 54, 184

(1996).1484. C. León, J. Santamaría, M.A. París, J. Sanz, J. Ibarra, L.M. Torres, Phys. Rev. B 56, 5302

(1997).1485. R. Böhmer, P. Lunkenheimer, M. Lotze, A. Loidl, Z. Phys. B Condens Matter 100, 583

(1996).1486. K.L. Ngai, U. Strom, Phys. Rev. B 38, 10350 (1988).1487. J. Habasaki, I. Okada, Y. Hiwatari, Phys. Rev. B 55, 6309 (1997); 81, 141503 (2010).1488. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Y. Hiwatari, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 054507 (2005).1489. J. Habasaki, Y. Hiwatari, Phys. Rev. E 59, 6962 (1999).1490. Y. Haven, B. Verkerk, Phys. Chem. Glass 6, 38 (1965).1491. A. Rivera, J. Santamaría, C. León, T. Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, E.A. Roessler, Appl. Phys.

Lett. 82, 2425 (2003).1492. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. 77, 187 (1998).1493. M.R. Díaz-Guillén, K.J. Moreno, J.A. Díaz-Guillén, A.F. Fuentes, K.L. Ngai, J. Garcia-

Barriocanal, J. Santamaria, C. León, Phys. Rev. B 78, 104304 (2008).1494. R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 5181 (2000).1495. K. Kremer, G. Grest, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 5057 (1990).1496. W. Paul, G.D. Smith, D.Y. Yoon, B. Farago, S. Rathgeber, A. Zirkel, L. Wilner, D. Richter,

Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2346 (1998).1497. G.D. Smith, W. Paul, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, Chem. Phys. 261, 61 (2000).1498. G.D. Smith, W. Paul, M. Monkenbusch, D. Richter, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 4285 (2001).1499. J.T. Padding, W.J. Briels, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 8685 (2001).1500. J.T. Padding, W.J. Briels, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 2846 (2001).1501. N.C. Karayiannis, V.G. Mavrantzas, D.N. Theodorou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 105503 (2002).1502. N.C. Karayiannis, A.E. Giannousaki, V.G. Mavrantzas, D.N. Theodorou, J. Chem. Phys.

117, 5465 (2002).

816 References

1503. M. Zamponi, A. Wischnewski, M. Monkenbusch, L. Willner, D. Richter, P. Falus, B.Farago, M.G. Guenza, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16220 (2008).

1504. M.G. Guenza, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 025901 (2002); Macromolecules 35, 2714 (2002); J.Chem. Phys. 119, 7568 (2003).

1505. E.J. Sambriski, G. Yatsenko, M.A. Nemirovskaya, M.G. Guenza, J. Phys. Condens. Matter19, 205115 (2007).

1506. J.H. Simmons, P.B. Elterman, C.J. Simmons, R.K. Mohr, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62, 158(1979).

1507. M.B.M. Mangion, G.P. Johari, Phys. Chem. Glasses 29, 225 (1988).1508. K.L. Ngai, Solid State Ionics 105, 231 (1998).1509. D.L. Sidebottom, P.F. Green, R.K. Brow, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 183, 151 (1995).1510. B. Roling, A. Happe, K. Funke, M.D. Ingram, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2160 (1997).1511. B. Roling, Solid State Ionics 105, 185 (1998).1512. H. Jain, S. Krishnaswami, Solid State Ionics 105, 129 (1998).1513. V.R. Raju, H. Rachapudy, W.W. Graesssley, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 17, 1223

(1979).1514. S.Z. Ren, W.F. Shi, W.B. Zhang, C.M. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2416 (1992).1515. J.-F. Shi, L.C. Dickinson, W.J. MacKnight, J.C.W. Chien, Macromolecules 26, 5908

(1993).1516. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 25, 2454 (1994).1517. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, A.F. Yee, Rubber Chem. Tech. 66, 817 (1993).1518. C.T. Moynihan, L.P. Boesch, N.L. Laberge, Phys. Chem. Glasses 14, 122 (1973).1519. C.T. Moynihan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1395 (1994); ibid. 203, 359 (1996); Solid

State Ionics 105, 75 (1998).1520. C. Cramer, K. Funke, M. Buscher, A. Happe, Philos. Mag. B 71, 713 (1995).1521. C. Cramer, S. Brueckner, Y. Gao, K. Funke, R. Belin, G. Taillades, A. Pradel, J. Non-Cryst.

Solids 307–310, 905 (2002).1522. (a) K.L. Ngai, U. Strom, Phys. Rev. B 38, 10350 (1988); (b) K.L. Ngai, J. Phys. (Paris)

Colloq. C2, 2, 61 (1992).1523. K.L. Ngai, O. Kanert, Solid State Ionics 53–55, 936 (1992).1524. C. Cramer, R. Graeber, M.D. Ingram, T. Saatkamp, D. Wilmer, K. Funke, Mater. Res. Soc.

Symp. Proc. 369, 233 (1995).1525. K. Funke, Prog. Solid State Chem. 22, 111 (1993).1526. R. Hoppe, T. Kloidt, K. Funke, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 95, 1025 (1991).1527. K. Funke, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1215 (1994).1528. C. Cramer, M. Buscher, Solid State Ionics 105, 109 (1998).1529. G.C. Garton, Discuss. Farad. Soc. A 42, 161 (1946).1530. A.E. Owen, Prog. Ceram. Sci. 3, 77 (1963).1531. J.M. Stevels, Handbuch Phys. 20, 372 (1957).1532. A. Burns, G.D. Chryssikos, E. Tombari, R.H. Cole, W.M. Risen, Phys. Chem. Glasses 30,

264 (1989).1533. A.S. Nowick, A.V. Vaysleyb, W. Liu, Solid State Ionics 105, 121 (1998).1534. X. Lu, H. Jain, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 55, 1433 (1994).1535. A.S. Nowick, B.S. Lim, A.V. Vaysleb, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1243 (1994).1536. J. Kincs, S.W. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 70 (1995).1537. K.L. Ngai, A.K. Rizos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1296 (1996).1538. K.L. Ngai, G.N. Greaves, C.T. Moynihan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1018 (1998).1539. K.L. Ngai, Philos. Mag. B 77, 187 (1998).1540. K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 248, 194 (1999).1541. C. León, P. Lunkenheimer, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 64, 184304 (2001).1542. C. León, L. Lucia, J. Santamaria, Phys. Rev. B 55, 882 (1997), Philos. Mag. B 75, 629

(1997).1543. A. Pimenov, J. Ullrich, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, C.H. Ruescher, Solid State Ionics 109,

111 (1998).

References 817

1544. S. Shin, M. Ishigame, Phys. Rev. B 34, 8875 (1986).1545. T. Suemoto, M. Ishigame, Phys. Rev. B 33, 2757 (1986).1546. W. Meyer, H. Neldel, Z. Tech. 18, 588 (1937).1547. A.J. Dianoux, M. Tachez, R. Mercier, J.P. Malugani, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 973

(1991).1548. M. Tachez, R. Mercier, J.P. Malugani, A.J. Dianoux, Solid State Ionics 20, 93 (1986).1549. A.P. Owens, A. Pradel, M. Ribes, S.R. Elliott, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 1104 (1991).1550. A.P. Owens, A. Pradel, M. Ribes, S.R. Elliott, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 210, 621

(1991).1551. G.N. Greaves, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 52, 6358 (1995).1552. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, Viscoelastic Behavior of Rubber, in Science and Technology of

Rubber, 3rd ed., Chapter 5, J.E. Mark, B. Erman, F.R. Eirich, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam(2005).

1553. D. Richter, R. Butera, L.J. Fetters, J.S. Huang, B. Ewen, C. Lartigue, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64,1389 (1992).

1554. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Philos. Mag. B 77, 621 (1998).1555. J.E. Martin, J.P. Wilcoxon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 898 (1988).1556. J.E. Martin, J.P. Wilcoxon, J. Odinek, Phys. Rev. A 43, 858 (1991).1557. M. Delsanti, J.P. Munch, M. Adam, D. Durand, in Relaxation in Complex Systems and

Related Topics, I.A. Campbell, C. Giovannella, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, NY (1990).1558. K. Thuresson, S. Nilsson, A.-L. Kjøniksen, H. Walderhaug, B. Lindman, B. Nyström,

J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 1425 (1999).1559. M. Tsianou, A.-L. Kjøniksen, K. Thuresson, B. Nyström, Macromolecules 32, 2974

(1999).1560. A.L. Kjøniksen, M. Hiorth, B. Nyström, Eur. Polym. J. 40, 2427 (2004).1561. E. Raspaud, D. Lairez, M. Adam, J.-P. Carton, Macromolecules 27, 2956 (1994).1562. J. Narayanan, V.W. Deotare, R. Bandyopadhyay, A.K. Sood, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 245, 267

(2002).1563. H. Bu, A.-L. Kjøniksen, B. Nyström, Eur. Polym. J. 41, 1708 (2005).1564. (a) A. Maleki, A.-L. Kjøniksen, B. Nyström, Carbohydr. Res. 342, 2776 (2007); (b) A.-L.

Kjøniksen, K. Zhu, M. Behrens, J. Skov Pedersen, B. Nyström, J. Phys. Chem. B (2010).1565. R. Ganguly et al., J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 315, 693, (2007).1566. G.D.J. Phillies, C.A. Quinlan, Macromolecules 28, 160 (1996).1567. K.L. Ngai, Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions of Polymers and Associating Polymers, Adv.

Colloid Interf. Sci. 64, 1 (1996).1568. E.Y. Sheu, S.-H. Chen, J.S. Huang, J.C. Sung, Phys. Rev. A 39, 5867 (1989).1569. P. Meyer, P. Maass, A. Bunde, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1292 (1994).1570. P. Maass, M. Meyer, A. Bunde, Phys. Rev. B 51, 8164 (1995).1571. K.L. Ngai, Solid State Ionics 105, 225 (1998).1572. K.L. Ngai, C. León, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 315, 124 (2003).1573. H. Jain, N.L. Peterson, Philos. Mag. A 46, 351 (1982).1574. G.H. Vineyard, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 3, 121 (1957).1575. P.J. Flory, Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules, Oxford University Press, New York,

NY (1989).1576. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, J. Poly. Sci. Poly. Phys. Ed. 35, 2503 (1997).1577. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, A.K. Rajagopal, S. Teitler, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 484, 150 (1986);

R.W. Rendell, K.L. Ngai, G.B. McKenna, Macromolecules 20, 2250 (1987).1578. C.M. Roland, P.G. Santangelo, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 307–310, 835 (2002).1579. G. Allen, P.N. Brier, A.G. Goodyear, J.S. Higgins, Farad. Symp. Chem. Soc. 6, 169 (1972).1580. G. Allen, J.S. Higgins, A. Maconnachie, R.E. Ghosh, J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. 2, 78,

2117 (1982).1581. R.H. Boyd, R.H. Gee, J. Han, Y.J. Jin, J. Chem. Phys. 101, 788 (1994).1582. X.H. Qiu, M.D. Ediger, Macromolecules 33, 490 (2000).1583. D.J. Plazek, J. Danhauser, J.D. Ferry, unpublished data.

818 References

1584. Y. Ding, V.N. Novikov, A.P. Sokolov, R. Casalini, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 37, 9273(2004).

1585. D.N. Theodorou, private communication.1586. V.R. Raju, Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University (1980).1587. For reviews of experimental data, see M. Tirrell, Ref. [834], and T.P. Lodge, N.A. Rotstein,

S. Prager, Adv. Chem. Phys. 79, 1 (1990).1588. T.P. Lodge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3218 (1999).1589. K.L. Ngai, Macromol. Symp. 146, 117 (1999).1590. P.-G. DeGennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca,

NY (1979).1591. E.J. Amis, C.C. Han, Y. Matsushita, Polymer 25, 650 (1984).1592. T. Yang, A.M.J. Jamieson, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 126, 220 (1988).1593. M. Mustafa, P.S. Russo, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 129, 240 (1989).1594. H. Kim, T. Chang, J.M. Yohanan, L. Wang, H. Yu, Macromolecules 19, 2737 (1986).1595. L.M. Wheeler, T.P. Lodge, B. Hanley, M. Tirrell, Macromolecules 20, 1120 (1987).1596. L.M. Wheeler, T.P. Lodge, Macromolecules 19, 2983 (1986); ibid. 22, 3399 (1989).1597. T.P. Lodge, P. Markland, Polymer 28, 1377 (1987).1598. T.P. Lodge, P. Markland, L.M. Wheeler, Macromolecules 22, 3409 (1989).1599. G.D.J. Phillies, Macromolecules 19, 2367 (1986); J. Phys. Chem. 96, 10061 (1992).1600. A.N. Semenov, Physica A 166, 263 (1990).1601. W. Brown, K. Schillen, S. Hvidt, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 6038 (1992).1602. J. Bauer, W. Burchard, Phys. II France 2, 1053 (1992).1603. W. Burchard, P. Lang, L. Schulz, T. Coviello, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 58, 21

(1992).1604. Z. Sun, C.H. Wang, Macromolecules 27, 5667 (1994).1605. M. Mustafa, D.L. Tipton, M.D. Barkley, P.S. Russo, F.D. Blum, Macromolecules 26, 370

(1993).1606. S. Bu, P.S. Russo, Macromolecules 27, 1187 (1994).1607. T.P. Lodge, N.A. Rotstein, S. Prager, Adv. Chem. Phys. 79, 1 (1990).1608. J. Skolnick, A. Kolinski, Adv. Chem. Phys. 78, 1 (1989).1609. N. Nemoto, T. Kojima, T. Inoue, K. Osaki, Macromolecules 22, 3793 (1989).1610. N. Nemoto, M. Kishine, T. Inoue, K. Osaki, Macromolecules 24, 1648 (1991).1611. G.D.J. Phillies, M. Lacroix, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 39 (1997).1612. D.W. Schaefer, C.C. Han, in Dynamic Light Scattering, R. Pecora, Ed., Plenum Press, New

York, NY, p. 181 (1985).1613. K.L. Ngai, T.P. Lodge, ACS Polym. Preprint 30, 67 (1989).1614. B. Nyström, K. Thuresson, B. Lindmann, Langmuir 11, 1994 (1995).1615. B. Nyström, B. Lindmann, Macromolecules 28, 967 (1995).1616. A. Schönhals, D. Wolff, J. Springer, Macromolecules 28, 6254 (1995).1617. A. Schönhals, D. Wolff, J. Springer, Polym. Adv Technol. 7, 853 (1996); SPIE Proc. 424,

2779 (1996).1618. A. Schönhals, H.-E. Carius, in Dielectric Properties of Polymeric Liquid Crystals, Chapter

3, Liquid Crystal Book Series, Vol. 4, W. Brostow, A.A. Collyer, Eds., Chapman and Hall,New York, NY.

1619. K.L. Ngai, A. Schönhals, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 36, 1927 (1998).1620. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, A.F. Yee, Macromolecules 21, 3396 (1988).1621. P.J. Flory, Polym. J. 17, 1 (1985).1622. P.J. Flory, Rub. Chem. Technol. 52, 110 (1979).1623. P.J. Flory, B. Erman, Macromolecules 15, 800 (1982); 15, 806 (1982).1624. M.H. Wagner, J. Schaeffer, J. Rheol. 37, 643 (1993).1625. J.S. Higgins, K. Ma, R.H. Hall, J. Phys. C. 14, 4995 (1981).1626. R. Oeser, B. Ewen, D. Richter, B. Farago, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1041 (1988).1627. J. Sanjuan, M.A. Llorente, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 26, 235 (1988).

References 819

1628. J.E. Mark, Rub. Chem. Technol. 48, 495 (1975).1629. P.J. Flory, B. Erman, J. Polym Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 22, 1953 (1984).1630. R.W. Brontzman, J.E. Mark, Macromolecules 19, 667 (1986).1631. B. Erman, A. Kloczkowski, J.E. Mark, Macromolecules 22, 1432 (1989).1632. D.B. Adolf, J.G. Curro, Macromolecules 20, 1646 (1987).1633. C.M. Roland, Rubber Chem. Technol. 62, 880 (1989).1634. K.L. Ngai, R.W. Rendell, Macromolecules 20, 1066 (1987).1635. P.K. Moon, H.L. Tuller, Solid State Ionics 28–30, 470 (1988).1636. H.L. Tuller, Solid State Ionics 52, 135 (1992).1637. J. Chen, J. Lian, L.M. Wang, R.C. Ewing, R.G. Wang, W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 105901

(2002).1638. C. Heremans, B.J. Wuensch, J.K. Stalick, E. Prince, J. Solid State Chem. 117, 108

(1995).1639. M. Pirzada, R.W. Grimes, L. Minervini, J.F. Maguire, K.E. Sickafus, Solid State Ionics

140, 201 (2001).1640. A.J. Burggraaf, T. Van Dijk, M.J. Verkerk, Solid State Ionics 5, 519 (1981).1641. O. Porat, C. Heremans, H.L. Tuller, Solid State Ionics 94, 75 (1997).1642. E.V. Tsipis, V.V. Kharton, J.R. Frade, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 25, 2623 (2005).1643. S.A. Kramer, H.L. Tuller, Solid State Ionics 82, 15 (1995).1644. M.A. Subramanian, G. Aravamudan, G.V. Subba Rao, Prog. Solid State Chem. 15, 55

(1983).1645. M.R. Díaz-Guillén, K.J. Moreno, J.A. Díaz-Guillén, A.F. Fuentes, K.L. Ngai, J. Garcia-

Barriocanal, J. Santamaria, C. León, Phys. Rev. B 78, 104304 (2008).1646. K.J. Moreno, A.F. Fuentes, U. Amador, J. Santamarıa, C. León, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353,

3947 (2007).1647. (a) A. Rivera, J. Santamaría, C. León, T. Blochowicz, C. Gainaru, E.A. Roessler, Appl.

Phys. Lett. 82, 2425 (2003); (b) A. Rivera, J. Santamaría, C. León, T. Blochowicz,C. Gainaru, E.A. Roessler, unpublished data; (c) A. Rivera, J. Santamaría, C. León, tobe published; (d) K. Arbi, M. Tabellout, M.G. Lazarraga, J.M. Rojo, J. Sanz, Phys. Rev. B72, 094302 (2005).

1648. J. Maier, Solid State Ionics 131, 13 (2000); W. Puin, S. Rodewald, R. Ramlau, P. Heitjans,J. Maier, Solid State Ionics 131, 159 (2000); N. Sata, K. Eberman, K. Eberl, J. Maier,Nature 408, 946 (2000).

1649. I. Kosacki, T. Christopher, M. Rouleau, P.F. Becher, J. Bentley, D.H. Lowndes, Solid StateIonics 176, 1319 (2005).

1650. (a) J. Garcia-Barriocanal, A. Rivera-Calzada, M. Varela, Z. Sefrioui, E. Iborra, C. Leon,S. Pennycook, J. Santamaria, Science 321, 676 (2008); 324, 465b (2009); (b) J. Garcia-Barriocanal, A. Rivera-Calzada, M. Varela, Z. Sefrioui, M.R. Díaz-Guillén, K.J. Moreno,J.A. Díaz-Guillén, E. Iborra, A.F. Fuentes, S.J. Pennycook, C. Leon, J. Santamaria, Chem.Phys. Chem. 10, 1003 (2009); (c) T.J. Pennycook, M.J. Beck, K. Varga, M. Varela, S.J.Pennycook, S.T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. Lett. in press (2010).

1651. J.L. Snoek, Physica (Utrecht) 8, 711 (1941).1652. A. Seeger, M. Weller, J. Diehl, Z.L. Pan, J.X. Zhang, T.S. Kê, Z. Metallkd. 73, 1 (1982).1653. Y. Wang, M. Gu, L. Sun, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. B 50, 3525 (1994).1654. K.L. Ngai, Y.N. Wang, L.B. Magalas, J. Alloys Compounds 211/212, 327 (1994).1655. L.B. Magalas, K.L. Ngai, M3DIII: Mechanics and Mechanisms of Material Damping, Alan

Wolfenden, V.K. Kinra, Eds., STP 1304, 189 (1997).1656. G. Schoeck, Acta Metall. 11, 617 (1963).1657. (a) Y.N. Wang, M. Gu, L.H. Sun, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 10039 (1989). (b) Y. Shi,

W.B. Jiang, Q.P. Kong, P. Cui, Q.F. Fang, M. Winning, Phys. Rev. B 73, 174101 (2006).(c) Q.P. Kong, W.B. Jiang , Y. Shi, P. Cui, Q.F. Fang, M. Winning, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 521–522, 128 (2009). (d) W.B. Jiang, Q.P. Kong, D.A. Molodov, G. Gottstein, Acta Mater. 57,3327 (2009). (e) W.B. Jiang, Q.P. Kong, P. Cui, F.Q. Fang, D.A. Molodov, G. Gottstein,Phil. Mag. 90, 753 (2010).

820 References

1658. G. Cannelli, F.M. Mazzolai, Nuovo Cimento B 64, 171 (1969).1659. M. Koiwa, O. Yoshimari, J. Phys. Coll. 46, C10–C99 (1985).1660. A.S. Nowick, B.S. Berry, Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids, Academic, New York,

NY, p. 490 (1972).1661. J.A. Kornfield, G.G. Fuller, D.S. Pearson, Macromolecules 22, 1334 (1989).1662. C.M. Ylitalo, J.A. Kornfield, G.G. Fuller, D.S. Pearson, Macromolecules 24, 749 (1991).1663. J.P. Montfort, G. Marin, D. Monge, Macromolecules 17, 1551 (1984).1664. M.J. Struglinski, W.W. Graessley, Macromolecules 18, 2630 (1985).1665. J.-P. Jarry, L. Monnerie, Macromolecules 12, 316 (1979).1666. M. Fukuda, G.L. Wilkes, R.S. Stein, J. Polym. Sci. A-2 9, 1417 (1971).1667. B. Deloche, E.T. Samulski, Macromolecules 14, 575 (1981).1668. P. Schmidt, B. Schneider, Makromol. Chem. 184, 2075 (1983).1669. M.M. Jacobi, R. Stadtler, W. Gronski, Macromolecules 19, 2884 (1986).1670. P. Sotta, B. Deloche, J. Herz, A. Lapp, D. Durand, J.-C. Rabadeux, Macromolecules 20,

2769 (1987).1671. B. Erman, J.-P. Queslel, L. Monnerie, Polymer 29, 1823 (1988).1672. J.F. Tassin, L. Monnerie, L.J. Fetters, Macromolecules 21, 2404 (1988).1673. F. Boue, B. Farnoux, J. Bastide, A. Lapp, J. Herz, Cl Picot, Europhys. Lett. 1, 637 (1986).1674. B. Deloche, A. Dubault, J. Herz, A. Lapp, Europhys. Lett. 1, 629 (1986).1675. B. Erman, J.-P. Jarry, L. Monnerie, Polymer 28, 727 (1987); B. Erman, L. Monnerie,

Macromolecules 22, 3342 (1989).1676. E.A. DiMarizio, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 1563 (1962).1677. T. Tanaka, G. Allen, Macromolecules 10, 426 (1977).1678. M. Rubinstein, E. Helfand, D.S. Pearson, Macromolecules 20, 822 (1987).1679. M.J. Marrucci, Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 23, 159 (1985).1680. J.L. Viovy, J. Phys. (Les Ulis., Fr.) 46, 847 (1985).1681. H. Watanabe, M. Tirrell, Macromolecules 22, 927 (1988).1682. M. Doi, D.S. Pearson, J. Kornfield, G.G. Fuller, Macromolecules 22, 1488 (1989).1683. G. Fytas, G. Floudas, K.L. Ngai, Macromolecules 23, 1104 (1990).1684. B.T. Poh, K. Adachi, T. Kotaka, Macromolecules 20, 2563 (1987).1685. K. Adachi, T. Nakamoto, T. Kotaka, Macromolecules 22, 3111 (1989).1686. K. Adachi, T. Kotaka, Polym. Yearbook 6, 43 (1990).1687. K. Adachi, T. Kotaka, Prog. Polym. Sci. 18, 585 (1993).1688. J.A. Zawada, C.M. Ylitalo, G.G. Fuller, R.H. Colby, T.E. Long, Macromolecules 25, 2896

(1992).1689. R.M. Hakim, D.R. Uhlman, Phys. Chem. Glasses 8, 174 (1967).1690. J.O. Isard, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1, 235 (1969).1691. D.E. Day, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 21, 343 (1976).1692. J.R. Henrickson, P.J. Bray, Phys. Chem. Glasses 13, 43 (1972).1693. A.W. Imre, S. Voss, H. Mehrer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 333, 231 (2004).1694. H. Jain, N.L. Peterson, H.L. Downing, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 55, 283 (1983).1695. G.N. Greaves, S.J. Gurman, C.R.A. Catlow, A.V. Chadwick, S. Houde-Walter, C.M.B.

Henderson, B.R. Dobson, Philos. Mag. A 64, 1059 (1991).1696. F. Ali, A.V. Chadwick, G.N. Greaves, M.C. Jermy, K.L. Ngai, M.E. Smith, Solid State

Nucl. Magn. Reson. 5, 133 (1995).1697. G.N. Greaves, A.V. Chadwick, M.C. Jermy, M.E. Smith, R. Zhu, J. Nono-Cryst. Solids

235–237, 766 (1998).1698. B. Gee, H. Eckert, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 3705 (1996).1699. J. Swenson, A. Matic, A. Brodin, L. Börjesson, W.S. Howells, Phys. Rev. B 58, 11331

(1998).1700. C. Rau, P. Armand, A. Pradel, C.P.E. Varsamis, E.I. Kamitsos, D. Granier, A. Ibanez,

E. Philippot, Phys. Rev. B 63, 184204 (2001).1701. T. Uchino, T. Sakka, Y. Ogata, M. Iwasaki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 146, 26 (1992).

References 821

1702. J. Habasaki, I. Okada, Y. Hiwatari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 208, 181 (1996).1703. J. Swenson, S. Adams, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 155507 (2003).1704. C.T. Moynihan, N.S. Saad, D.C. Tran, A.V. Lesikar, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 458 (1980).1705. K.L. Ngai, Y. Wang, C.T. Moynihan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 999 (2002).1706. (a) K.L. Ngai, S.W. Martin, Phys. Rev. B 40, 10550 (1989); (b) G.N. Greaves, K.L. Ngai,

Phys. Rev. B 52, 6358 (1995).1707. J. Habasaki, K.L. Ngai, Y. Hiwatari, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 925 (2004).1708. J. Habasaki, I. Okada, Y. Hiwatari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 183, 12 (1995); ibid. 208, 181

(1996).1709. J. Habasaki, Y. Hiwatari, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 930 (2002), J. Non-Cryst. Solids 320,

281 (2003).1710. H. Lammert, A. Heuer, Phys. Rev. B 72, 214202 (2005).1711. S. Voss, S.V. Divinski, A.W. Imre, H. Mehrer, J.N. Mundy, Solid State Ionics 176, 1383

(2005).1712. H. Eckert, Paper presented at the 4th Intern’al Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in

Complex Systems, Hersonnisos, Crete, Greece, June (2001).1713. P. Maass, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 255, 35 (1999).1714. J. Swenson, A. Matic, C. Karlsson, L. Börjesson, C. Meneghini, W.S. Howells, Phys. Rev.

B 63 (2001) 132202.1715. S. Voss, F. Berkemeier, A.W. Imre, H. Mehrer, Z. Phys. Chem. 218 (2004) 1353.1716. C.T. Moynihan, L.P. Boesch, 79th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society,

Chicago, Paper 26-G-77.1717. M. Tomozawa, J.M. Hyde, J.F. Cordaro, M. Yoshiyagawa, Phys. Chem. Glasses 33, 69

(1992).1718. J.M. Hyde, M. Tomozawa, M. Yoshiyagawa, Phys. Chem. Glasses 28, 174 (1987).1719. K.L. Ngai, H. Jain, Solid State Ionics 18 and 19, 362 (1986).1720. T.J. Higgins, L.P. Boesch, V. Voltera, C.T. Moynihan, P.B. Macedo, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56,

334 (1973).1721. K.L. Ngai, J. Mundy, H. Jain, O. Kanert, J. Balzer-Jollenbeck, Phys. Rev. B 39, 6169

(1989).1722. M. Tomozawa, J.M. Hyde, J.F. Cordaro, M. Yoshiyagawa, Phys. Chem. Glasses 33, 69

(1992).1723. W.C. Huang, H. Jain, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 212, 117 (1997).1724. A.R. Kulkarni, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Mater. Chem. Phys. 63, 93 (2000).1725. C. Karlsson, A. Mandanici, A. Matic, J. Swenson, L. Börjesson, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307,

1012 (2002), Phys. Rev. B 68, 064202 (2003).1726. L.P. Boesch, Ph.D. Thesis, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC (1983).1727. J.F. Cordaro, M. Tomozawa, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 65, C50 (1982).1728. A. Heuer, M. Kunow, M. Vogel, R.D. Banhatti, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 3185 (2002).1729. J.E. Kelly, J.F. Cordaro, M. Tomozawa, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 41, 47 (1980).1730. D. Knödler, P. Pendzig, W. Dieterich, Solid State Ionics 86–88, 29 (1996).1731. S. Voss, A.W. Imre, H. Mehrer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 3669 (2004).1732. (a) K. Binder, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 274, 332 (2000); (b) J. Horbach, W. Kob, K. Binder,

Chem. Geol. 174, 87 (2001).1733. Data of N-methyl-ε-caprolactam (NMEC) are kindly supplied by R. Richert.1734. M. Pollak, G.E. Pike, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1449 (1972). This paper dealt with electronic

systems.1735. S.R. Elliott, Adv. Phys. 36, 135 (1987).1736. U. Strom, K.L. Ngai, Solid State Ionics 9 and 10, 283 (1989).1737. A. Hunt, Solid State Commun. 80, 151 (1991).1738. K.L. Ngai, U. Strom, O. Kanert, Phys. Chem. Glasses 33, 109 (1992).1739. O. Kanert, R. Küchler, K.L. Ngai, H. Jain, Phys. Rev. 49, 76 (1994).1740. H. Jain, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 961 (1991).

822 References

1741. W.K. Lee, J.F. Liu, A.S. Nowick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1559 (1991).1742. X. Lu, H. Jain, O. Kanert, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 172–174, 1436 (1994).1743. D.L. Sidebottom, P.F. Green, R.K. Brow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5068 (1995).1744. H. Jain, X. Lu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 196, 285 (1996).1745. O. Kanert, R. Küchler, J. Dieckhofer, X. Lu, H. Jain, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids

172–174, 1277 (1994).1746. A.S. Nowick, Solid State Ionics 136 and 137, 1307 (2000).1747. K. Funke, D. Wilmer, Solid State Ionics 136 and 137, 1329 (2000).1748. J.C. Dyre, T.B. Schrøder, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 873 (2000).1749. B. Roling, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 5093 (2001).1750. B. Roling, C. Martiny, S. Murugavel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 085901 (2001).1751. C. León, A. Rivera, J. Santamarıa, C.T. Moynihan, K.L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 079601

(2002).1752. C. León, K.L. Ngai, A. Rivera, Phys. Rev. B 69, 134303 (2004).1753. J.C. Dyre, P. Maass, B. Roling, D.L. Sidebottom, Rep. Prog. Phys. 72, 046501 (2009).1754. W. Dieterich, P. Maass, Solid State Ionics 180, 446 (2009).1755. A. Rivera, J. Santamarıa, C. León, J. Sanz, C.P.E. Varsamism, G.D. Chryssikos, K.L. Ngai,

J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307–310, 1024 (2002).1756. A. Kulkarni, P. Lunkenheimer, A. Loidl, Ceramics Trans. 92, 115 (1999).1757. M. Ribes, E. Bychkov, A. Pradel, J. Optoelectronics Adv. Mater. 3, 665 (2001).1758. C. León, A. Rivera, A. Várez, J. Sanz, J. Santamaría, C.T. Moynihan, K.L. Ngai, J. Non-

Cryst. Solids 305, 88 (2002).1759. K.S. Gilroy, W.A. Phillips, Philos. Mag. B 43, 735 (1981).1760. S. Murugavel, B. Roling, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 330, 122 (2003).1761. A.P. Sokolov, K.S. Schweizer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 248301 (2009).1762. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, C.M. Roland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 159801 (2009).1763. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 41, 3925 (2008).1764. R.J. Cava, R.M. Fleming, P. Littlewood, E.A. Rietman, L.F. Schneemeyer, R.G. Dunn,

Phys. Rev. B 30, 3228 (1984).1765. K. Biljakovic, J.C. Lasjaunias, F. Zougmore, P. Monceau, F. Levy, L. Bernard, R. Currat,

Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1907 (1986).1766. G. Kriza, G. Mihály, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2529 (1986).1767. G. Grüner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 1129 (1988).1768. D. Starešinic, K. Biljakovic, W. Brütting, K. Hosseini, P. Monceau, H. Berger, F. Levy,

Phys. Rev. B 65, 165109 (2002).1769. D. Starešinic, K. Hosseini, W. Brütting, K. Biljakovic, E. Riedel, S. van Smaalen, Phys.

Rev. B 69, 113102 (2004).1770. K. Biljakovic, D. Starešinic, D. Dominko, J.C. Lasjaunias, Physica B 404, 456 (2009).1771. D. Starešinic, K. Biljakovic, presented at the 5th Intern’al Discussion Meeting on

Relaxation in Complex Systems, Lille, France, July (2005).1772. R. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1985).1773. B. Berkovsky, Magnetic Fluids and Applications Handbook, Begell House, New York, NY

(1996).1774. F. Cousin, E. Dubois, V. Cabuil, Phys. Rev. E, 68, 021405 (2003).1775. G. Mériguet, E. Dubois, V. Dupuis, R. Perzynski, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18, 10119

(2006).1776. G. Mériguet, E. Dubois, V. Dupuis, R. Perzynski, AIP Conf. Proc. 708, 124 (2004).1777. E. Wandersman, V. Dupuis, E. Dubois, R. Perzynski, Phys. Rev. E 80, 041504 (2009).

Index

AAcetaminophen, 426–427Acetyl salicylic acid, 285, 419, 421–422Adamantanone, 143, 389Adam–Gibbs model, 113, 124–126, 135, 137,

180, 247, 345Adiabatic calorimetry, 91, 134, 141, 287–288,

372, 375, 390, 445–446, 454, 457, 460,462, 464–466, 468, 470, 474, 490,492–494, 496, 501–502, 506, 517, 548,589

AFM probe of the surface layer, 7160.48(AgI)2–0.52Ag2SeO4, 662, 664, 667,

744–745, 7470.525Ag2S+0.475(B2S3:SiS2), 664Ag2S–GeS2, 670–671, 699Aggregating polymers solutions, 762AgI–AgPO3, 670–671, 699Alcohol dehydrogenase, 637Alkyl nanodomains, 62, 108–109, 111–112,

595–601Amino acids, 488, 600Amorphous solid water (ASW), 442, 461Anderson, P. W., 7–8, 10, 42–43, 45, 245Annealing, 209, 281, 297, 312, 399–403, 406,

408, 411, 413–414, 419, 424, 431, 461,597, 635, 711

Anomalies, 41–45, 47, 50–272, 358, 543, 675,698–699, 701, 708–710, 754–758

Anomalous properties, 11–12, 44, 46–47,75–76, 90, 358, 641, 707

Aqueous hyaluronic acid solutions, 675Aqueous mixture at elevated pressure, 369,

437, 618, 625Aqueous mixtures, 41, 277, 315, 368–369, 379,

396, 437, 444, 447–457, 459, 462–464,466–470, 474, 483–484, 487–491,494–495, 497, 502–507, 509–511, 515,

517, 521–522, 562, 613, 618, 625–628,674, 676–678

Aroclor, 71, 123–124, 243, 247, 305Aspirin, 277, 285, 419, 421–423, 577Associating polymers solutions, 194, 657–658,

762Asymmetric double-well potential, 312, 751Atactic PEMA (a-PEMA), 179, 363–364Atactic polypropylene (aPP), 262–263, 563,

691

BBackbone, 55, 62, 108, 144–145, 194, 237,

252, 267, 273, 298, 316, 356, 367, 398,409, 435, 441, 475, 484, 488, 543, 594,609–610, 615, 675, 699, 755

Backscattering spectrometer IN13, 476,513–514

Backscattering spectrometer IN16, 481–482Basalt, 282Bead-necklace model, 283–285, 336, 352Benzonitrile, 167

in PS, 340–343Benzophenone (BZP), 67, 281, 317, 322,

381–382, 387–389, 392, 412, 552,576–580, 584–585

3,3′,4,4′-Benzophenonetetracarboxylicdianhydride (BPTCDaH), 153,333–334

Benzoyn isobutylether (BIBE), 152, 154, 156,167, 276, 326–328, 335, 535–537, 614

Binary mixture, 65–66, 144, 166, 215, 227,232, 296, 335, 341, 344, 370, 376, 396,447–448, 457, 495, 502, 530, 534, 540,603, 614, 625, 627, 641, 723, 740, 743

Biomolecule, 9, 41, 379, 434, 462, 474, 478,481, 484, 488, 506, 508, 512–513, 550,765, 769

823

824 Index

Biopharmaceutical, 400, 489, 628–629,635–636, 638, 765, 769

1,3-Bis(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)benzene(TNB), 72, 128, 171

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 71, 234Bis-5-hydroxypentylphthalate (BHPP), 62,

299, 400Bisphenol-A-propoxylate(1 PO/phenol)

diglycidylether) (1PODGE), 154, 3351,1′-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexane

(BMPC), 154, 243, 318, 333, 335, 408BKZ theory, 268Boron trioxide (B2O3), 119, 124–125, 128,

136, 172–173, 281, 411, 563, 567–569,573, 656, 659–660, 667, 683, 688, 729,731, 739–740, 743, 745–747, 750–752,754

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), 454–455, 457,492, 494, 498, 502, 517–518, 520

Bovine serum γ-globulin, 633Branched entangled polymers, 692–694Breakdown of Nernst–Einstein relation,

737–739Breakdown of Stokes–Einstein–Debye

relation, 5Breakdown of Stokes–Einstein relation, 100,

221, 271, 413–414, 473, 689, 694–695,737–739

Breakdown of thermorheological simplicity,44, 241, 251–267, 543, 602, 727,754–758

Breathers, 86–87Bromoethylbenzene (BrEBz), 237, 3613-Bromopentane (3BP), 55, 91, 136, 175Brownian motion, 2–3, 39, 68–70, 203, 610,

672Bulk compliance and modulus, 19–20Butylacetate, 382–383Butyl alcohol, 249–250Butyl-benzene, 1721-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium

bis[oxalato]borate (BMP-BOB),161–162

2-Biphenylmethanol, 552, 577BZP, see Benzophenone (BZP)

CCaged dynamics, 66, 70, 105, 116, 202, 510,

526, 550, 552, 555–556, 573, 582,585–586, 597, 599, 634, 638, 644–646,648, 652, 654, 739–754, 769

Cage decay, 202, 550–551, 597, 648, 743, 751Cage fluctuation, 587

Caging, 486, 553, 571, 644, 7540.4Ca(NO3)2–0.6KNO3 (CKN), 68–69, 273,

380, 553, 576, 660, 740–741, 743–747Calorimetric detection of JG relaxation, 54845CaO–55SiO2, 28255CaO–45SiO2, 282Carbohydrate, 9, 41, 294, 420, 434–435Carbon monoxy myoglobin, 479Causality, 345, 531, 611, 768CDE, 141–143, 398Cellopentabiose, 441–442Cellotetrabiose, 441–442Cellotribiose, 441–442Cellulose, 294, 401, 435, 441–443Chalcogenide, 108, 129–132, 144Charge density wave, 759Chlorobenzene in cis-decalin, 396, 612–613CKN, see 0.4Ca(NO3)2–0.6KNO3 (CKN)Classical Chaos, 78, 766CM, see Coupling Model (CM)CODEX NMR, 364Co-invariance of n and (τα/τJG) at constant τα,

327–345Cole–Cole function, 297, 304, 361, 395, 401,

437, 460, 495, 576–577, 620–621Cole–Davidson function, 323, 388, 394, 420,

581–582, 620Collagen, 457, 483–484, 500–503, 506–507,

517Colloidal dispersions of magnetic

nanoparticles, 760–764Colloidal particles, 9, 41, 44, 55–56, 68–70,

99, 102–103, 105, 139, 147–148, 194,201, 286, 325, 560–562, 587, 605, 639,642–653, 661, 671, 740–741, 743

Colloidal suspension confined between rigidwalls, 605

Compliance, 13–21, 23, 130, 197–198, 204,213, 220, 223, 253–255, 257–258,261–265, 359, 409, 472, 568, 602, 607,758

Component dynamics, 165–166, 215, 233,235, 238, 243, 246–247, 341, 355, 379,457, 727

Concentration fluctuations, 62, 95, 124, 144,166, 232–238, 244, 341–344, 347, 352,642, 700–701, 727

Conductivity relaxation, 1, 10, 21, 52, 62,68, 146, 162, 229, 236, 553–555, 576,645–646, 653–656, 658–661, 663–665,667–671, 680–688, 694, 699, 710–712,714–716, 734, 739, 741, 743–746, 749

Index 825

Configurational entropy, 9, 88–90, 92, 94, 120,124, 134–135, 138, 180, 248, 345

Confinement, 116, 248–249, 251, 354,370–372, 375–377, 413, 445–448, 455,463, 470, 487, 588–593, 595, 606,608–609, 613, 715

Confining wall, 587, 603, 733–734Confocal microscopy, 44, 56, 76, 99, 102–103,

146, 201, 286, 560–561, 605, 645,648–652, 740

Conformational fluctuations, 489, 491Conformational transition energy barrier, 722Constraint release, 10, 696, 725–727Cooperative length-scale, 115, 123, 318Cooperative rearranging region, 88, 94,

124, 180Cooperative shearing model (CSM), 416Cottrell atmosphere, 719Coupled protein–solvent structural relaxation,

484, 486Coupling Model (CM), 11, 47, 52–53, 59,

61–62, 73–88, 97–98, 103, 107, 130,137–138, 165, 170–171, 176, 192,200–201, 203, 213, 217, 221, 225, 233,249, 267, 271–272, 275–276, 280, 293,298–299, 303, 345–346, 375, 377, 382,390, 398, 412, 437, 440–441, 465, 497,502, 531, 549, 610, 614, 640, 643, 655,696–698, 700, 703–708, 711, 715, 733,741, 766

Coupling Model equation, 293, 440Coupling Model predictions, 610, 711Coupling parameter, 74, 80, 111, 145, 161,

166, 176, 180, 213, 216, 231, 233, 235,238, 245, 251, 266, 278–279, 296, 299,326, 340, 344, 346–347, 349, 352–353,356, 359, 362, 366, 390, 414, 426,439–440, 459–460, 462, 485, 487, 497,549, 559, 571, 585, 588, 594–596, 599,601–609, 619, 658, 661, 669, 673, 682,684–685, 688–690, 692–693, 695–697,700–703, 706–707, 710, 714, 716, 718,720–721, 723, 725, 728, 738, 747, 766

C-phycocyanin (C-PC), 479, 488, 500, 507,509, 517, 519, 521, 527

Creep, 13–18, 20, 55, 142, 197, 204–205, 213,220, 239, 253–255, 261–264, 266, 359,409, 568, 607, 727, 755

Cresolphthalein-dimethylether, KDE or CDE,152–153, 305, 318, 398, 408

Crick, 42, 238, 245Cross-linking, 319, 358–359, 403Crossover of correlation function, 63–70

CR-PBD, see 1,4-Polybutadiene (CR-PBD)Cryobiology, 434Cryoprotectant, 434Crystal embryo formation, 412Crystal growth rate, 207–209, 412–414, 420Crystalline ionic conductor, 62, 556, 653, 659,

661, 664, 686, 694, 712, 714, 729, 738,741–742

Crystallized bulk water, 4931-Cyanoadamantane (CNADM), 143, 390–394Cyanobenzene, 340Cyanocyclohexane (CNCH), 299, 390, 392Cyclohexanol, 286, 288, 299, 390, 548Cyclohexanol-cycloheptanol (CHXOL-

CHPOL), 390Cyclo-octanol, 143, 389, 566

DDebye function, 6Debye model, 5–6, 79, 210–211, 224, 227, 229Decahydroisoquinoline (DHIQ), 154, 299,

301, 335Decoupling, 215, 220–221, 223, 225, 227–228,

681, 685, 694, 757–758Defect diffusion model, 63Density fluctuation, 63, 124, 273, 404, 525,

557, 578, 601, 663, 727Deoxyribose, 452–453Depolarized light scattering, 34, 223, 226,

552–553, 567, 573, 577, 579, 581–582,585

Deuteron NMR, 220, 239–240, 275, 278, 355,358, 370, 398, 421, 454–455, 485, 493,496–502, 506–507

Deviatoric component, 271D-exchanged lysozyme, 476Dextran, 294, 435, 441–443, 633DHIQ, see Decahydroisoquinoline (DHIQ)Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 71, 154, 234Dialkyl phthalates, 317, 381, 383, 441Dielectric permittivity, 20–21, 576Dielectric spectroscopy, 110, 112–113, 151,

164, 166, 225, 240, 253–254, 262, 274,276, 285, 302, 346

Diethyl phthalate (DEP), 153, 276, 280, 306,333, 335, 383–384, 612

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 23,113–115, 131, 198, 360, 371, 402, 421,424, 439, 448, 462, 471, 512

Difluorotetrachloroethane (CFCl2–CFCl2)plastic crystal, 65, 389

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), 54,145, 154, 172, 192, 225–226, 306–307,

826 Index

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (cont.)312–313, 317, 319–320, 327, 329–330,332, 358, 397–398, 403, 530, 536, 569,614–615

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (EPON828),154, 319–320, 329–330, 335, 358–359

Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), 152, 154, 280,306, 328, 335, 381, 383, 400

Di-isooctal phthalate (DiOP), 153, 333, 335Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), 381, 383, 3861,1′-Di(4-methoxy-5-

methylphenyl)cyclohexane (BMMPC),153, 333, 335, 408

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), 154, 276, 280,306, 322, 335, 381–382, 386, 406–407,410, 423, 564, 569, 577, 584

Dining Philosophers Problem, 76, 96–98Dioctalphthalate (DOP), 71, 306–308,

310–313, 360, 386, 410, 727–7281,2-Diphenylbenzene, 2501,2-Diphenylbenzene, ortho-terphenyl,

o-terphenyl, OTP, 55, 57, 95, 107,207–209, 250, 588

Diphenylvinylene carbonate (DPVC),154–156, 305–306, 317, 333, 535–537

Dipropylene glycol (2PG), 54, 187, 190,276–277, 280, 406, 410

Dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate (DPGDB), 152,154, 157, 276, 288, 296, 327, 335, 403,405, 431, 530

Dirac constraint dynamics, 60Disaccharide, 277, 294, 434–435, 437–443,

509–511, 629–630, 633–636Disorder–order transition, 4454D-NMR, 98Donth’s thermodynamic fluctuation theory,

95–96, 125–126DSC, see Differential scanning calorimetry

(DSC)Ductile, 418Ductility, 416–418Dy2Ti2−yZryO7, 711Dynamic correlation volume, 540–542Dynamic crossover, 182–183, 192, 467,

471–472, 476, 478, 499–501, 521–522Dynamic heterogeneity, 76, 96–108, 119, 123,

125–127, 148, 218, 231, 260, 541, 654,758

Dynamic lattice liquid model, 76Dynamic lattice liquid simulation, 643–644Dynamic light scattering, 33, 44, 55, 68, 70,

81, 102, 119, 139, 145–146, 175, 203,205, 223, 226, 262, 325, 381, 413, 473,

529, 557–559, 566–567, 574–576, 578,582, 586, 643–644, 649, 672, 674–675

Dynamic transition, 475–482, 486–488,499–500, 506–509, 511–513, 515–517,521–523, 526–528, 550

EE-glass, 282Einstein equation, 206, 653Elastin, 457, 483–484, 500–503, 506–507, 517Electric modulus, 13, 21–22, 143, 161–163,

290, 428, 553, 555, 558, 624, 657, 659,682, 688, 709–710, 713–714, 734–735,738, 742, 744–746, 752

Energy landscape, 9–10, 137–138, 273, 476,498

Entangled polymer, 9, 220–221, 253, 261,263–264, 544, 547, 609, 642, 654,656–657, 670–671, 673, 689, 691–692,694, 696, 706, 723, 726–728, 756

Entanglements, 150, 263, 656, 658, 724,726–728

Enthalpy relaxation, 59, 140, 162, 195–196,198, 281, 287, 391, 402, 465, 471, 489,492–496, 685

Enzyme, 474, 506Enzyme stability, 637EPON828, see Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A

(EPON828)Epoxide group, 319–320, 358, 615Epoxies, 145, 273, 320, 397Epoxy resin, 145, 192, 306, 312, 358Ethanol, 143, 389, 394Ethylbenzene (EBz), 91, 237, 288, 361Ethylcyclohexane, 298–299Ethylene glycol (EG), 247, 396, 444, 448, 450,

454, 459, 505, 518–519, 522–523, 626,675, 678

Ethylene glycol oligomers (EGO), 444, 448,626

Excess wing, 152, 154, 156, 285, 301–313,315, 317–324, 327, 331–335, 340, 346,361, 376, 379–381, 398, 406–408, 413,427–428, 530, 558–559, 575–580, 619,624, 741

Eyring’s approach, 267

FFabry–Perot interferometry, 34, 71, 669Fananserine, 277, 285, 419, 427Fast glassy ionic conductors, 658–659, 662,

664, 683(Fe, Co, Ni)75Si10B15, 281, 411Felodipine, 419

Index 827

Fermi–Pasta–Ulam model, 86Fermi-stadium map, 83–86Floppy-to-rigid transition, 131Flopropione, 419–420Flory’s constrained junction model, 704–706,

708Fluctuation–dissipation theorem, 14, 39–40Food science, 1, 9, 49, 162, 294, 434Forced Rayleigh scattering, 209, 211, 240, 697Four-point correlation function, 118, 540, 542Four-point susceptibility, 118, 123, 126, 542Fox-Flory equation, 244Fragile glassformer, 120, 128–129, 423, 573,

582, 747Fragile-to-strong transition, 446, 468, 471–473,

500Fragility

index, 95, 107, 109, 117, 121, 127–150,159, 185, 234, 236, 282, 298, 300,344, 362, 367, 380, 393–395, 428, 439,535–536, 563–566, 568–569, 596, 600,622–623, 628, 635–636

thermodynamic, 134–137, 393, 635Free volume, 9–10, 88, 90, 94, 112, 124–125,

135, 142, 168, 179, 204, 271, 412, 569,573, 596, 639–640

Fructose, 162, 294–295, 396–397, 434–438,443, 450, 628–629

Furanose, 434–435

GGalactose, 162, 294, 434, 436–437, 443β-Galactosidase, 630, 632Gaussian approximation, 56, 202–203, 224Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE), 73, 85Gaussian submolecule, 255, 258Gay-Berne ellipsoids of revolution, 227Germanium dioxide (GeO2), 120, 128–129,

136, 177, 282–283, 569, 657, 736, 747,752

Glarum defect diffusion model, 63, 316Glass

ionic conductors, 10, 61–62, 76, 229, 556,645–646, 653, 655–656, 658–659,661–664, 667, 670, 680–681, 683–687,689, 694, 699, 700, 708, 712, 728–729,738–739, 741–745

-rubber transition zone, 253Global chain dynamics, 723–728Glucose, 162, 273, 294, 431, 434–438,

440–441, 443, 451, 511–513Göttingen, 2, 4, 645Green–Kubo relation, 37–38, 60

HHard-sphere colloidal suspensions, 61Haven ratio, 653, 684, 736–740Havriliak–Negami equation, 299Havriliak–Negami function, 156, 361, 422Heat Capacity Spectroscopy, 22–23, 108, 110,

112, 426, 597Heavy water, 454–455, 481, 493, 496–497,

500–501, 507Hemoglobin, 475Heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect

(OHD-OKE), 67, 322, 421, 423, 455,461, 552, 556–557, 573–582, 585, 600,740, 742

Heterogeneity lifetime, 98–99Heterogeneous relaxation, 102Heterostructure, 717–7181-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 163,

368–3691-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 162,

290Homogeneous relaxation, 96, 103, 217, 231H-polymer, 10, 657Human growth hormone, 630–631Hydrated palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine,

497Hydration shell, 368, 454–455, 457, 475–476,

491, 493, 495–498, 502, 523–525Hydration water, 457, 467, 475, 478, 480–483,

485, 487–489, 491, 494, 496–503, 505,507, 509, 511, 513–521, 525–528

Hydrodynamic regime, 215Hydrogel, 454, 466–470Hydrogenated polybutadiene (HPB), 221,

689–690, 693Hydrogen bond, 54, 107, 120, 130, 142, 145,

159, 161–162, 259–260, 273, 275, 294,306, 315, 332, 366, 396, 398, 404,408, 410–411, 423, 427, 431, 436, 445,447–448, 458, 461–462, 466–467, 470,474–475, 482, 484–485, 487, 492, 525

Hydrogen-bonding, 423, 431, 436, 466, 627Hydrophilic solute, 453, 466, 483, 488, 512Hydroxyl group, 434–435Hyperquenched glassy water (HGW), 442,

446, 461–462, 469

IIbuprofen, 277, 285, 313–314, 317, 419,

423–424, 584Immobilization, 729, 732–734, 736Immobilizing effect, 731Indomethacin, 162–163, 277, 282, 285,

402–403, 418–420, 422, 424–425

828 Index

Inelastic ultraviolet scattering, 455, 461Inelastic X-ray scattering, 381, 568Interacting system, 3–4, 6, 8, 11–12, 34, 37,

41–45, 66, 68, 73, 78, 87–88, 96, 103,105, 193–195, 263, 322, 640–650, 653,655–656, 658–659, 661, 663, 670, 676,680, 689, 697–700, 710, 715, 720, 722,726, 730–731, 734, 738, 741, 743, 747,758–764

Interdisciplinary research, 44–46Intermediate power law (IPL), 322–323, 423,

533, 552, 557, 574, 578, 580, 672, 740Intermediate scattering function, 35, 37, 56,

58, 60, 63–66, 68–70, 101–103, 105,118–119, 122, 126, 139, 191, 193–194,202–203, 205, 221, 224, 227, 234, 325,344, 355, 460, 472, 525–527, 538–542,550, 600–601, 604, 610, 644, 649, 663,671–672, 731

Intermolecular coupling, 55, 59–60, 81, 83,145, 161, 180, 213, 232–237, 245, 249,251–253, 256–259, 266–267, 271, 279,346–347, 359, 363–364, 385, 392–393,404, 407, 418, 441, 520, 527, 534, 588,590–592, 594, 600–601, 607–608, 610,613, 619, 622–623, 627–628, 677, 723

Interstitial solute atoms, 718Invariance of dispersion, 152–154, 158, 160,

166, 334–335, 614Ion dynamics, 10, 62, 645–647, 652–653, 655,

664, 681, 688, 708–710, 713, 719, 730,738–739, 742, 748, 750–751

Ionic conductivity, 9, 68, 162, 576, 645–646,659, 671, 682, 710, 715–718, 733, 744

Ionic conductors, 9–10, 41, 61–62, 76, 229,325, 551, 556, 642, 645–650, 652–659,661–664, 666–667, 670, 680–689, 694,699–700, 708, 710–715, 728–736,738–739, 741–754

Ionic liquid, 41, 139, 161–163, 194, 210, 213,277, 290–301, 368–369, 504, 557, 624,694, 740

Ion-ion interaction, 10, 61, 642, 652–653, 664,684, 729–731, 734–739, 742

Islands of mobility, 273Isobaric fragility, 132, 159, 185, 535–538,

620–622, 624, 628Isochore, 183, 227, 586Isochoric condition, 132, 149, 184–185, 537Isochoric fragility, 185, 534, 536–537Isochronal dielectric loss, 354, 378, 392, 403,

422, 577Isocyanocyclohexane (ICNCH), 390, 392

Isoeugenol, 306–307, 309–311, 317–318, 406,410

Isopropylbenzene, 91, 382, 431, 548–549Isotactic PEMA (i-PEMA), 145, 363–364Isotope mass dependence, 42, 687–688, 690Isotropic phase, 702

JJG β-relaxation time of water, 459, 468–469,

483–484, 487, 633Johari–Goldstein β-relaxation, 275–638, 741,

768Jonscher’s expression, 749–750Junction dynamics, 658, 703–705, 707–708,

719–720

KKAHR model, 195, 200Kauzmann paradox, 88, 124–125KDE, 133, 141, 152–153, 181–182, 184, 192,

305, 318–319, 333, 379, 398, 408, 536Kirkwood–Fröhlich theory, 187, 584K0.3MoO3, 759–760Kob–Andersen model, 57, 122, 540, 542Kohlrausch exponent, 54–55, 75, 95, 107, 120,

123, 142, 145, 170, 177, 196, 200, 212,216, 223, 250, 269, 340, 394, 422,426, 433, 461, 465, 566, 604, 630–631,670–671, 673, 678–697, 713, 721, 735

Kohlrausch relaxation, 4, 64, 81, 102, 162,194–196, 322, 556, 675, 677, 734

Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts, 51, 54

LLa55Al25Ni20, 380Lactulose, 294, 437–439Langevin equation, 314, 528, 654–655Laponite, 70, 203, 205–206, 272, 408,

610–611, 672–673, 675–676, 698, 762Lattice φ4 model, 86LB-PBD, 238, 246–247, 283, 348–352, 354,

723Legendre polynomials, 32, 34, 59, 210, 213,

227, 763Length scale, 10, 13, 34, 52, 88–127, 130,

170, 176, 187, 191–192, 222, 241–242,247, 249, 251–267, 286, 303–304, 318,321, 327, 344, 413, 419, 446, 533–535,541–544, 584, 587–588, 591, 601–602,608–609, 650, 652, 670–671, 694–695,715, 724

Lennard–Jones potential, 283–284, 540, 731Leucrose, 294, 437–439, 443Lévy distributions, 53, 77, 743

Index 829

Leyden jar, 2, 645LiAlSi2O6 (β-spodumene), 642, 7420.44LiBr–0.56Li20–B2O3, 659–660, 7430.6LiCl–0.7Li2O–B2O3, 683Li0.18La0.61TiO3 (LLTO), 642, 653, 712–713,

748, 7520.45Li2S+0.55GeS2, 686–6870.56Li2S–0.44SiS2, 686–687Li1.2Ti1.8Al0.2(PO4)3, 714–715Librational motions, 482Light scattering, 13, 19, 24, 33–34, 44, 51,

55–56, 59, 63, 68–70, 81, 102, 119,124, 139, 142–143, 145–146, 151,174–175, 203, 205, 213, 221, 223,225–226, 230, 248, 250, 252, 262,295, 325–326, 381, 413, 473, 529,552–553, 557–559, 566–567, 572–579,581–582, 585–587, 610, 643–644, 649,661, 668–669, 671–677, 679, 694–695,697–699

Li metasilicate glass (Li2SiO3), 286, 652, 655,733, 740, 743

LLTO, see Li0.18La0.61TiO3 (LLTO)Lodge–McLeish model, 247Longitudinal compliance and modulus, 19–20Low-density amorphous water (LDA), 442Lysozyme, 454–455, 457, 476–479, 482–484,

486–488, 499–502, 505–507, 509,511–513, 515–517, 600

MMagnetic nanoparticles, 760–764Maltose, 294, 435, 437–441, 443, 481–482,

485, 488, 509–510, 513, 515–516,526–527, 600

binding protein, 481–482, 485, 488, 513,515–516, 526–527, 600

Many-body cooperative dynamics, 587, 703Many-body effects, 6, 50, 94, 96, 181, 215,

534, 542, 545, 641, 643, 654, 670, 698Many-body interacting systems, 4, 12, 44, 68,

73, 640, 656, 698Many-body relaxation, 8–11, 40, 47, 60,

62–63, 73–88, 90, 93–94, 96, 100,103–104, 107, 121, 124–126, 129–130,133, 135–139, 141, 150, 187, 191–192,194, 205, 213, 215, 217–218, 222–224,227, 238, 241, 244, 248, 271–272,285–286, 303–304, 316, 318, 321–322,327, 394–395, 502, 543, 556, 591,618–619, 639–643, 655, 658, 661, 676,679–680, 694, 710, 715, 721, 726, 739,747, 758, 766, 769–770

Many-chain diffusion, 655

Many-molecule dynamics, 170, 535, 588,608–609, 652

Many-particle dynamics, 148–149Maxwell equation, 665, 690MCM-41, 446, 454–457, 463–468, 473, 490,

496, 506–507, 517MCT critical temperature, 553, 580Mean-squared displacement (MSD), 56, 60,

66–68, 87, 102–103, 139, 202, 224,325, 477, 480–481, 485, 498, 508, 514,516, 521–524, 526–527, 550, 556,560–564, 570, 572, 589, 599–600, 605,633–634, 636, 686, 727, 741, 743

Mechanical relaxation, 2, 13, 59–60, 131, 143,150, 172, 198, 220, 223, 225, 231, 359,443, 607, 610, 679, 704, 723

Merged α- and β-process, 451, 463, 491, 506Mesophases, 700–701Metallic glass, 41, 142, 210, 230, 275,

414–415, 417, 426, 504, 558Methyl-ended poly(oxybutylene), 5944′-Methylene bis(N, N-diglycidylaniline)

(MBDGA), 154, 3355-Methyl-2-hexanol, 293–294, 3952-Methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF), 98–99Meyer–Neldel rule, 670, 699, 720M-fluoroaniline, 159, 280, 319, 332, 396–398,

404, 612Microgels, 66, 146–148Mixed Alkali Effect, 728–736, 739, 750Mixture

Fructose, 628propylene glycol oligomer, 625–628of van der Waals liquids, 337, 339, 344,

349, 353, 396, 447, 451, 502, 530, 627MMA trimer, 329Mode coupling theory, 9, 66–67, 70, 88, 192,

203, 276, 525, 539–540, 573–574, 644,661, 768

Modulus, 2, 13–14, 16–17, 19–22, 51, 71,128, 139–140, 142–143, 161–163, 198,205, 220, 253–255, 267, 281, 290,317, 380–381, 409–411, 416–417, 426,428–429, 553–555, 558, 606, 624,656–657, 659, 682, 688, 690, 703,709–710, 713–714, 723, 727, 734–735,738, 742–746, 752

Molecular dynamics simulation, 13, 31, 41,57–59, 65–67, 73, 76, 99, 103–104,119, 122, 138–139, 146, 179, 193–194,213, 217, 223–224, 227, 229, 238, 246,279, 286, 325, 336, 347–353, 460, 462,484–485, 513–514, 526, 531–533, 538,

830 Index

Molecular dynamics simulation (cont.)553, 568, 600, 603–604, 641, 643, 646,652, 685, 691, 709–711, 722, 730,732–733, 736–737, 743, 756

Molecular sieves, 315, 437, 446, 454, 462–466,468, 470–471, 490, 506, 517, 608

Molecular weight of entanglement, 544Molten salt, 68, 128, 130, 172, 273, 325, 380,

504, 581, 664, 740, 743Monohydroxyl alcohols, 293Monomeric friction coefficient, 241, 252, 544,

595, 602Monosaccharide, 162, 277, 294, 434–443Mössbauer spectroscopy, 506–507, 513–514,

517–519, 521–523, 527, 550Multidimensional NMR, 53, 101–102, 106,

125, 170, 541–542Multi-point dynamic susceptibility, 118–123,

540, 542Myoglobin, 454–455, 457, 467, 475–476,

479–482, 487–491, 493–498, 500–503,506–507, 509–510, 513–514, 517–528

NNa β-alumina, 642, 653, 660–661, 664–666,

681, 729, 742Na-β′′-alumina, 661Nanochannel of crystal, 474Nanoconfinement, 112–118, 247–251, 445,

447, 455, 463, 468, 473, 487–488, 548,562, 590, 595, 608–609, 613

Nanophase-separated side chain polymers,108–112

Nanoscience, 10, 50Nanotechnology, 10, 765Naphthenic mineral oil, 154Na–Rb alumino-germanate glasses, 736Na–Rb borate glasses, 736Na8[Si32O64(OH)8]·32H2O clay, 473–474Na-vermiculite clay, 463–464, 473Nearly constant loss (NCL), 64–65, 68, 286,

289, 292, 322–325, 380, 486–487, 510,526, 550, 564–565, 574, 578, 597, 639,644–645, 663, 672, 739–754

Nematic phase, 724–727Neopentanol-neopentylglycol (NPOL-

NPGOL), 390Nernst–Einstein relation, 737–739Neutron spin echo experiment, 655, 693, 727New York Times, 7, 46Nifedipine, 426NIST710a, 282–283N-methyl-ε-caprolactam (NMEC), 249, 323,

741

NMR measurements, 98, 106, 209, 219–221,240, 319, 427, 511–512, 610, 631, 658,691, 722, 755

N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline(DGGOA), 154, 335

N,N-diglycidylaniline (DGA), 154, 335, 401Nobel prize, 5Non-ergodicity parameter, 139–140, 568–569,

582Non-exponentiality, 52, 59, 76, 95, 111, 119,

121–122, 125, 130, 132, 136, 146–150,195, 200, 217–218, 222–223, 227,252–253, 274, 278, 283, 395, 426, 535,537, 566, 568–569, 584

Non-Gaussian parameter, 37, 100, 104, 561,644–647, 652–653

Non-JG secondary relaxation, 302, 304–306,319, 365, 380–395, 400, 441, 550

Non-linear deformation, 205, 267–272, 588,708

Nonlinear viscoelasticity, 271Normal mode, 157, 259–261, 266, 543–548,

594–595, 655, 658, 728N-propyl-3-methylpyridinium

bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(PMPIm), 67, 557, 577

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 13, 34, 61, 209,631, 724

Nucleation, 207, 209, 412–420

OOldekop–Laughlin–Uhlmann–Angell plot, 83,

127–128Oligomers of ethylene glycol, 396, 459Onset time of NCL, 551–553Optical Kerr Effect, 67–68, 119, 322, 381, 421,

423, 455, 461, 552, 556–557, 573, 672,740

Ortho-terphenyl (OTP), 65, 71, 81, 88,90–91, 93–94, 98, 106–107, 119, 128,141–142, 154, 164, 175, 179, 182, 283,382, 390, 398, 413, 423, 577, 582, 585,588

o-TaS3, 759–760

PPd77.5Cu6Si16.5, 380Pd43Ni10Cu27P20, 380, 558Pd48Ni32P20, 281, 411P-doped molecular arsenic sulfide, 367–368Pearl necklace model of polymer, 283–285Pentachloronitrobenzene, 143, 389PEO in blends with PS, 240Peroxidase, 637

Index 831

Perrin’s law, 3–4Pharmaceutical, 1, 9, 14, 41, 46, 49, 162–163,

277, 282, 285, 317, 400, 402, 411,418–430, 434, 489, 584, 628–629,635–636, 638, 765, 768–769

Phase-coupled oscillators, 78–80Phenylphthalein-dimethylether (PDE), 133,

141–143, 153, 164, 183–184, 187, 192,305, 318–319, 333, 336, 399–400, 408,529–530, 536, 612

1-Phenyl-1-propanol, 294Phenyl salicylate (salol), 153, 305, 333, 335,

423, 573Phosphate-silicate glass (0.243Na2O–

0.269CaO–0.026P2O5–0.462SiO2),273, 281

Photobleaching, 198, 210–211Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), 34, 59,

131, 147, 164, 210, 219–220, 250, 254,263, 266, 360, 472–473, 529, 548, 569,574, 591, 698, 754, 757

Physical aging, 111–112, 197–200, 268, 271,281, 296, 304–305, 307, 310–311, 318,404, 406, 408–411, 414, 431–432, 596,619

2-Picoline, 166, 168, 337–339, 343, 347,353–354, 365–366, 575–576

2-Picoline in tri-styrene, 337–339, 347, 353,366

Plastic crystalline materials, plastic crystals,143, 280

Plasticity, 416–418P(nBMA-stat-S) random copolymers, 2791,2-Polybutadiene, 55, 157–158, 243, 277,

400, 407–408, 433, 5691,4-Polybutadiene (CR-PBD), 55, 123, 238,

246, 277, 290, 347–352, 354, 563, 569,768

1,2-Polybutadiene (1,2-PBD), 55, 157–158,243, 277, 400–401, 403, 407–408, 433,569

Poly(α-methylstyrene) (PαMS), 166–167Poly(2,4-difluorobenzyl methacrylate)

(P24FM), 297–298Poly(2,6-dichloro-1,4-phenylene oxide)

(PDCPO), 658Poly(2-chlorosytrene) (P2CS), 165, 167, 247Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA),

454–455, 466, 468–470, 507, 517Poly(3-chlorobenzyl methacrylate) (P3CM),

297–298Poly(3-fluorobenzyl methacrylate) (P3FM),

297–298

1,4-Polyisoprene (PI), 157, 289–290, 543, 574Poly(3-methylbenzyl methacrylate) (P3MM),

297Polyalcohols, 145, 275, 279, 292, 368, 504,

613, 622, 627Poly(aryl ether ether ketone), 55, 610Poly(aryl ether sulfone), 610Poly(butylene isophthalate) (PBI), 367Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB62), 133,

152–153, 183–184, 188, 192, 243, 305,333, 377–378, 536

Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA),166–167, 530, 727–728

Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), 113–118,194, 248, 251, 448, 588–590, 592,689–691, 699, 715, 722

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), 157Poly(ethylene isophthalate) (PEI), 367, 506Polyethylene-like glass transition, 108–109,

112, 595–598Poly(ethylene naphthalene dicarboxylate)

(PEN), 367, 576Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), 64, 194, 234,

238–242, 247, 254, 355–358, 360,370–372, 375, 592–594, 675–676, 715,723

Polyethylene (PE), 108–109, 111–112, 221,223–224, 227, 576, 595–598, 654,689–691, 693, 755–756

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 367, 431,525, 568–569, 576

Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), 145, 166,179, 355, 363–364, 398, 598, 612–613,615–618

Polyisobutylene (PIB), 55, 64, 141, 194, 212,252–259, 264, 266–267, 325, 344, 356,551, 559, 563, 568, 571, 574, 582,586–587, 590, 594, 603, 740, 754, 758

Poly(isobutyl vinylether) (PiBVE), 157, 159Polyisoprene, 64–65, 105, 123, 157, 240, 242,

253, 259, 266, 277, 289–290, 304,325–327, 371, 431, 543, 574, 723, 728

Polymer blend, 165–166, 234–235, 238,240–241, 243, 246–247, 337, 347,352–358, 360, 370, 447, 451, 599,723–728

Polymer chain dynamics, 654–656, 696, 726Polymeric cluster solutions, 673–674Polymerization, 110, 320, 329, 654, 656Polymer surface mobile layer, 606–608Polymer viscoelasticity, 44, 76, 241, 755–756Poly(methylacrylate) (PMA), 164, 258

832 Index

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), 55, 62,64, 68, 95, 99, 125, 145–146, 166, 191,194, 201, 203, 234, 237–242, 247, 251,254, 269–270, 276, 298, 329, 355–360,363–364, 370–372, 375–376, 398,400–401, 407, 409–411, 431, 530, 563,568–569, 572, 575–576, 578, 590, 606,723

Polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS), 113–118,157, 243–244, 247, 265–267, 448, 530,536, 543, 548, 588–590, 592–594, 715

Poly(methyltolylsiloxane) (PMTS), 153, 157,530, 536

Poly(n-alkyl acrylates), 108, 596, 598, 600Poly(n-alkyl methacrylates), 62, 95, 279, 596,

615Poly(n-decyl methacrylate), 62, 111–112, 596,

601Poly(n-heptyl methacrylate), 111, 596–597,

601Poly(oxybutylene) (POB), 153, 157, 530, 543,

546–547, 594–595, 601Poly(phenylene sulfide), 610Polyphenyl ether, 154Poly(phenylglycidylether) (PPGE), 145, 153,

157, 172, 276–277, 280, 306–308,312–314, 317, 320, 330–331, 397–401,530, 536, 614–615

Poly(propylene glycol), 54, 157–158, 187,190, 259, 569

Poly(propylene oxide), 164, 400, 407Polysaccharide, 277, 294, 434–435, 441–443,

508, 633, 675Polystyrene (PS), 55, 95, 132, 140–142, 150,

164–165, 167, 198–199, 204–205, 212,220, 222, 234, 237, 251–252, 254–255,261–262, 266–267, 281, 298, 375–377,382, 386–387, 398, 407–408, 410–411,434, 525, 563, 576, 590, 592, 606, 608,694, 696–697, 708, 716, 758

Polytetrahydrofuran networks, 703, 706Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), 53, 91, 98,

106–108, 124, 126, 132, 153, 157, 172,176, 187, 190, 194–195, 240–242, 247,254, 261, 264, 331, 333, 424, 530, 536,568, 584, 614, 756

Poly(vinyl alcohol), 455, 493, 496, 498, 507,517

Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC), 64, 132, 194,236–237, 277, 359, 409, 568, 576

Polyvinylethylene (PVE), 157, 194, 239–240,242–243, 247, 407, 433–434, 530, 536

Poly(vinylmethylether) (PVME), 157,165–167, 194, 234, 237, 239–240, 247,353–354, 372–377, 448, 454–455, 463,468, 489–491, 506, 517, 530, 536, 697,723

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), 282, 402, 420,425, 448, 454–455, 457, 460, 468,489–490, 506–507, 517

Positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy(PALS), 88, 179, 244, 569–572

Potassium ferrocyanide (K457Fe(CN)6),

523–524Potential energy landscape models, 9–10, 273PPG400, 157, 159, 306–307, 312–315, 317,

369, 399–400, 547, 618, 625–628, 633PPG4000, 157–159, 307, 309, 312–313Precipitates, 721–722Pre-exponential factor, 196, 474, 528, 581,

700, 703, 706–708, 718, 740Primitive relaxation

frequency, 163, 281, 287–290, 292–293,295, 302, 306, 321, 329, 331, 333,341, 424, 428–429, 551, 554–555, 625,741–742

time, 73–88, 92, 103–104, 121, 166–167,178, 181, 190, 213, 233, 240, 244–245,248, 275, 278, 280, 285–291, 298, 301,303, 307, 310–311, 314, 331–332, 344,358, 367, 377, 381–382, 388, 390, 408,421–422, 424, 430, 437, 440, 477, 479,505, 534, 541, 543–548, 564–565, 587,591–592, 603, 607, 610, 614, 621, 627,634, 636, 641, 645, 649, 652, 654, 660,675, 680, 684–687, 690, 698, 700–701,703, 710, 712, 715–716, 741, 749, 754,760, 766

Probe molecule, 193, 211, 2351-Propanol, 91, 293–295, 448, 455–457,

506–507, 517Propylbenzene (PBZ), 73, 173, 175Propylene carbonate (PC), 88, 91, 93–94, 128,

136, 141–143, 152–153, 174, 176,178–179, 182, 187, 190, 286, 302–305,322, 324, 333, 376, 379, 406–408, 426,428, 530, 548–549, 551, 561, 566, 570,575–576, 582–584, 740

Propylene glycol (PG), 54, 81–82, 88, 119,157–159, 161, 177, 179, 187, 190, 244,249, 250, 259, 265–266, 276–277, 280,286, 302–306, 314, 379, 406–407, 410,448, 460, 535, 543, 569–570, 575–576,582–584, 625–628

Protein denaturation, 480

Index 833

Protein dynamics, 475, 478–486, 489, 498,526, 638

Protein unfolding, 480P-T superposition, 151, 153–154, 156–157,

159, 333Pullulan, 294, 442–443PVME in blends with PS, 240, 353Pyranose, 435Pyrochlores (Gd2Ti2−yZryO7), 653, 709–711

QQuasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), 113,

191–194, 234, 240, 325, 350, 355, 455,460, 464–465, 467, 471, 499, 501, 513,528–529, 550, 562–566, 570, 572, 581,661, 670–671, 675, 703, 744

Quinaldine (QN), 144, 166–168, 233, 276,280, 339–344, 346, 348, 353–354, 366,375–377, 382, 385, 396, 449, 530,612–613

Quinaldine in tri-styrene, 353, 366

RRadius of gyration, 124, 260, 601, 606, 693Random energy barrier model, 10, 742RbAg4I5, 660–661, 667ν-Relaxation, 369–370, 452, 455, 458–459,

527–528, 625, 627–629γ-Relaxation, 244, 280–281, 287, 290,

295–297, 306–320, 327–330, 332–333,335–336, 358, 369, 372, 381–385,387–393, 397–398, 402–403, 406, 409,423–426, 428–430, 436–438, 440–443,480, 511, 565, 593–594, 609–610, 615,625, 635, 637, 699, 701–702

γ-Relaxation in bisphenol A polycarbonate(BPA-PC), 244, 609–610, 701–702

Reptation, 9–10, 87, 241, 654–656, 691, 696,725–727, 756

Reptation model, 241, 654, 656, 696, 725–727Repulsive inverse power potential (IPP), 528,

541Retardation spectrum L, 258Reverse Monte Carlo method, 729Ribonuclease A, 484Ribose, 162–163, 294, 333, 435–437, 440–441,

452–453Rigidity percolation, 131RNA, 435, 478, 488Rotational diffusion, 4–5, 200, 206, 210–211,

217–219, 221–232, 679Rotational-translational coupling, 558,

577–579Rouse dynamics, 242, 258–259, 670–673

Rouse modes, 221, 253–256, 258–260, 263,265–267, 543, 594–595, 601–603,608–609, 692, 758

Rubber elasticity, 703–704Rubbery plateau, 253

SSaccharides, 162–163, 434, 441, 628–631Scattering vector dependence, 44, 639, 696Secondary alcohols, 293Segmental relaxation, 63, 65, 129–130, 132,

142, 157, 165–167, 191, 205, 221,223–224, 236–237, 239–243, 246,251–254, 256–257, 259–268, 352, 356,358–360, 543–545, 548, 592–594,601–602, 607–609, 691, 722, 727,755–757

Selenium (Se), 108, 116, 120, 136, 144,264–267, 563, 569

Self-diffusion coefficient, 38, 60, 207–209,217, 221, 467, 689, 692, 722, 757

Self intermediate scattering function, 58, 64,66, 122, 191, 202, 227, 472, 538–540,542, 604

Semidilute polymer solutions, 9, 194, 657–658,673, 694–697

Shear rate, 205–206, 272, 610–611Shear transformation zone (STZ), 416–418Side-chain, 55, 62, 95–96, 108–112, 194,

278–279, 297, 398, 475, 484, 595–596,598–600, 699–703, 707, 710, 719–720

Side chain liquid crystal polymers (SCLCPs),699–703, 707–708, 710, 719–720

Silanized glass pores, 251, 413, 448, 588–592Silanol group, 470Silica

gel, 437, 445–446, 454, 462, 466–471, 494,496, 506, 509–510, 608

SiO2, 128–130, 667, 736, 746Smectic phase, 700Smoluchowski equation, 5–6Snoek–Köster relaxation, 718–721Snoek peak, 718–719Sodium vermiculite, 447–448, 473Soft colloidal particles, 149Softening dispersion, 239, 242, 253–261, 263Solvent dynamics, 478–486Sorbitol, 54, 107, 126, 145, 159, 161, 238,

275, 278–279, 292–293, 304, 322, 332,352, 361–362, 365–366, 368, 395,398, 400–401, 404–408, 441, 448–449,504–505, 530, 535–536, 564, 576,612–614, 619, 622, 627–628

834 Index

Sorbose, 162, 294, 434, 436–437Space-time pictures, 650–653, 743Spin-lattice relaxation, 61, 229, 237, 261, 275,

365, 398, 422, 457, 484, 558, 631, 633,636, 681–684, 687, 703–704, 706, 714

Spin-lattice relaxation weighted stimulated-echo experiment, 365, 484

Stabilization of biopharmaceuticals, 636Steepness of the effective repulsive potential,

540–541Steepness index, 120, 130, 137, 145, 147,

175, 216–217, 234, 236, 238, 300, 344,359, 362, 367, 422–423, 426–428, 537,566–567, 594, 596, 620

Stickel function, 182–183Stokes–Einstein–Debye relation, 5, 61, 127,

198–200, 206–232, 640, 680Stokes–Einstein relation, 3, 61, 100, 198–200,

206–232, 271, 413–414, 473, 684, 689,694–695, 737–739

Stress relaxation, 13–16, 60, 193, 197, 225,255, 263, 268, 725

Stretched exponential correlation function, 3,642–656, 678, 695, 706

Strong electrolyte, 730–731Strong glassformer, 120, 129, 194, 568, 747Structural recovery, 195, 197Sub-Rouse (sR) modes, 253–256, 258–259,

262–263, 603, 758Sucrose, 212, 214, 217, 220, 225, 230–231,

294, 419–420, 435, 437–439, 443,489, 509–511, 514, 518–519, 521–524,629–636, 638, 757

Sucrose benzoate, 212, 214, 217, 220, 225,230–231, 757

Sugar, 162, 362, 434, 438, 441, 452, 480, 489,628–638

Susceptibilityminimum, 526, 573, 582, 585–587, 653,

661–663, 740, 747spectrum, 64, 68, 226, 286, 552, 567–568,

574–575, 582, 653Syndiotactic PEMA (s-PEMA), 363–364

TTacticity, 145, 363–364ργ/T-dependence, 534–536, 542Telmisartan, 429, 434Temperature modulated differential scanning

calorimetry (TMDCS), 114–115, 117,371, 439

Tensile compliance and modulus, 19–20Terminal relaxation, 142, 239–241, 251,

261–264, 286, 544, 689–692

Tert-butylpyridine (TBP), 144, 233, 323,339–340, 346–348, 353, 375–377, 382,385, 396, 449–450, 575–576, 612

4-Tert-butylpyridine (4-TBP), 321, 575–576Tert-butylpyridine in tri-styrene, 339–340Tetrahydrofuran (THF), 236, 359Tetramethyl-bisphenol-A-polycarbonate

(TMBPA-PC), 244–245Thermal history, 195–196, 396, 399–405,

430–431Thermodynamic fragility, 134–137, 393–394,

635Thermodynamic path, 399–400, 404, 425Thermorheological simplicity, 44, 241,

251–267, 543–544, 602, 727, 754–758Thin films of Yttria stabilized Zirconia,

715–718Three-point function, 118Threitol, 54, 145, 159–160, 275, 279, 322,

332, 368, 441, 504–505, 551, 567, 613,619–622, 627, 740, 745

Time correlation function, 5–6, 14, 24, 30,32–33, 37–39, 51–88, 97–98, 106,118–119, 126, 169, 210, 212, 223, 227,232, 262, 293, 321, 603, 642, 727

Time–temperature–pressure superposition,164, 585

Time–temperature superposition, 220, 254,257–258, 262–263, 757

TNM model, 195–196, 198, 200–201Toluene, 71, 91, 98, 175, 181, 224, 368,

375–379, 395–396, 400, 407, 412,431–432, 503–504

Torsional autocorrelation function (TACF),284–285, 336–337, 351–353

Tracer diffusion, 208–209, 240, 242, 653, 684,696–697, 729, 738–739

Tramadol hydrochloride, 428–429Tramadol monohydrate, 428–429Translational diffusion, 3–5, 39, 60, 97, 193,

198–201, 208–209, 211, 217–219,221–232, 273, 427, 679, 685

Trehalose, 294, 419, 435, 437–441, 443, 458,479–481, 488–489, 509–511, 629–638

Tricresyl phosphate, 154Tri-epoxy triphenylolmethane triglycidylether

(TPMTGE), 145, 320Tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TCP), 99, 237,

256–257, 266–267, 569Trimethyl phosphate, 319Tri-m-tolyl phosphate, 266

Index 835

Tri-naphthal benzene (TNB), 71–73, 120,127–128, 144, 171–172, 207–209,212–215, 217, 219–221, 230–231, 737

Tri-propylene glycol (3PG), 54, 159, 276,306–310, 312–318, 332, 448, 460

Tris(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphate (TOP), 244–245Tris-naphthylbenzene, 207, 213Tri-styrene, 144, 166, 168, 251, 276, 280,

337–341, 344, 346–347, 353–354,366–367, 375–377, 382, 385, 396,449–450, 530, 585, 612–613

TVγ-dependence, 408, 433, 528–543,546–548, 572, 614, 768

Two-correlator MCT model, 557–558,578–580, 585

Tylenol, 426–430

UUltrathin films in nanocomposites, 592Ultrathin polystyrene film, 590, 606Uncrystallized water (UCW), 445–447, 494,

613Unentangled polymer, 221, 264, 547, 654, 656,

671, 756Universal properties, 10, 43, 45–46, 77, 556,

639–764, 770Unresolved JG relaxation, 297, 307, 319, 324,

331–336, 344, 353, 379, 408, 596, 624Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDA), 282, 402, 425

VVan der Waals liquid, 72, 108, 130, 132, 164,

288, 306, 337–344, 349, 353, 396, 447,451, 494, 530, 551, 627

Velocity–velocity correlation function, 221,684, 686

Viscoelastic properties, 9, 251–252, 671, 756Viscosity, 2, 4, 15, 38–39, 52, 61, 70–73, 90,

94, 105, 128–129, 137, 142, 147, 161,171–173, 175–177, 181–183, 186, 189,205, 207–211, 213, 215–217, 219–222,224–232, 259, 261–265, 282, 317, 472,514, 518–519, 521, 523–525, 529, 544,569, 621, 663, 680–681, 684–685,689–695, 722, 726–727, 739, 755,757–758, 761, 766

Vitrification, 7, 49, 135, 272, 354, 385–386,389, 399–400, 406, 453, 470, 629, 755,766

Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse (VFTH)equation, 89, 114, 132, 171, 190, 246,255, 259, 262, 340, 472, 518–519, 521,612, 617, 627

Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse (VFTH)temperature dependence, 69, 111–112,117, 171, 370, 373, 375, 380, 446, 452,469, 531, 593, 600, 639

Vogel–Fulcher temperature dependence, 8Von Schweidler law, 68, 574, 582

WWater

-glycerol mixtures, 483, 495-specific secondary relaxation, 503, 516,

518–519Wide Angle X-ray Scattering, 178–179Width of dispersion, 63, 126, 271, 348, 750Wigner’s statistical theory of energy levels, 73Williams ansatz, 274, 369–370, 616–618Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation, 255,

262

XXylitol, 54, 145, 159, 275, 279–280, 292, 322,

352, 365–366, 368, 406, 441, 448–449,504, 551, 567, 576–577, 613–614, 622,627–628, 745, 747

YY2Ti2−yZryO7, 711Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), 642, 653,

664–665, 667–669, 699, 709, 715–718,742

ZZBLAN glass, 682Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), 136, 566–568, 573,

590, 745, 747Zn-substituted Mb, 490Zr65Al7.5Cu27.5, 380–381, 411, 504, 558, 740Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 (Vit4), 380Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5, 210, 230