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SUBJECT INDEX

Acceleration, 116 buoyant, 389 field, 94

Adhesion, 269 Adiabatic

compression, 15, 51, 53, 72 expansion, 15, 72, 80 lapse rate, 10, 11, 16, 72

dry 53, 67 saturated, 66, 67

processes, 28, 30, 50, 52, 53,67,72,84,86,155

temperature gradient, 286 Advection, 203,208, 212 Advective transport of heat,

185 Aerodynamics, 32 Air parcel, 52, 69, 70, 72 Albedo, 8 Anemometer

acoustic, 500 atmospheric hot wire, 497 linearization of hot

wire, 499 propeller, 500

Angular deformation, 122 Anticyclone, dimension

of, 387 Appleby - Omstede

theory, 379 Archimedean forces, 168 Archimedes law, 384 Asymptotics

distribution, 264 intermediate, 255 power law, 259

Atmosphere, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9,10, 11,19,49,52,55,60,63,70, 168,185,201

bottom surface, 1 composition of, 38 convective, 12 dry, 37 free, 4,20 lower part of, 1 temperature, 10 thermal condition of, 3

554

Atmospheric boundary layer, 1,2,3,4,

5,12,17,20,21,22,31,32, 34,35,227,228,285,285

turbulence, 290 circulation, 1 constituents, 38 gases, 37 lower level of, 130 measurements, 498, 519

hotwire anemometer, 497,598,500

observations, 522 pressure, 13 surface layer, 171,246,247,

521,525527,528 data 524 height of, 247 thermodynamics, 55 turbulence, 228 waves, 19

Australian measurements, 523 Avogardvo law, 37

Baroclinicity, 4 Bernstein, works of, 461 Blackadar's theory, 379 Blasius method, 275 Blinova-Kibel theory, 379 Bobyleva-Zilitinkevich-Laykhtman theory, 379

Body force, 131, 151, 168, 182, 192,201,207,227,267,268

Boundary layer, 1,2,4,5, 16, 18,20,269,270,272,277

atmospheric, 1, 3, 4, 5, 21, 33,130,141,285,286

displacement thickness, Z77

equa tion of, 271 flat plate, 277 logarithmic, 308, 309 planetary, 2, 371, 379 predictions, 4 separation, 4

Boundary layer (cont ... ) structures microlayer or inter­facial layer , 23 mixed layer, 22,23, 24,

25,57,28 cloud layer, 22 subcloud layer, 22

residual layer, 22, 24, 27, 28,30

stable layer, 22, 24, 28 thermal, 283, 284 thickness of, 19, 21, 272,275

variations, 22 turbulent, 3

Bossinesq approximations, 289, 367,

389 equations, 170,228,289,290,

362,389,393 continuity, 389

Bovsheverov-Gurvich instrument, 499

Bowen ratio, 506 Boyle law, 37 Bull's results, 216 Buoyancy, 10, 12, 168,246,

291,294 action of, 286 calculation, 17 effects, 294, 326, 394 forces, 3, 227, 286, 289, 346,

348,384,385 parameters, 245, 246, 247,

394 Buoyant acceleration, 389 Businger

relationship, 429 semiempirical theory, 429

Carnot cycle, 79, 80, 84, 87 Cats paws, 20 Centigrade scale, 35, 36 Centrifugal force, 57 Charles law, 37 Charnock's treatment,

results of, 481, 483

555

Clausius - Clapeyron equation, 85,87

Clear air turbulence, 19 Clouds, 61

convective, 19 fair-weather, 3, 22, 27 nuclei, 4 stratocumulus, 3, 22, 34

Coefficient of thermal diffusivity, 165 of thermal expansion, 165,

168,228 viscosity, 126

bulk, 127,129 Coles wake law, 340 Complete self-similarity, 257,258,260,264

Compressibility, 216 Condensation, 61,62,66 Conservation

of energy, 155 of heat, 180 of moisture, 180 of momentum, 184

Continuity equation, 92, 164, 181,193,197,212,214, 217,224

Convection, 8, 10, 11,23 effects, 10 free, 403, 422,437, 516

conditions of, 406, 410, 420, 426, 428, 459,484,488

eddy exchange coefficients, 396

equation of, 389 regime of, 444, 468, 480,

484,489, 516, 520

true, 440 moist, 12 pure, 404

Coordinate system cartesian, 5, 95, 97 convected, 96 Lagragian, 96 material, 95, 96, 108 rotating, 5 stationary, 108

Coriolis acceleration, 141, 143 effects, 208 force, 3, 5, 6, 184,294,295,

296,371,374,381,389,436 paraxneter,7,20,375

Correlation length, 361 Correlometer, automatic, 503 Cramer' results, 520 Cyclones, 78

dimension of, 387

Dalton law, 13, 14,42 Deacon's data, 459 Deformation, 123, 124

angular, 122, 124 of the element, 112 strain, 360 tensor, 134

Density, 35, 41 fluctuation, 227 of dry air, 41 of moist air, 41

Diabatic, 46 Diatomic gas, 47 Diffusion

equation, 167, 170 molecular, 20

cycle, 22 Dilatation, 95, 96, 105 Dimensions, 236

formula, 230, 234 independent, 236, 240 matrix of, 241

Dimensional analysis, 260, 264

Dirac's delta function, 176, 437

Displacement height, 328 thickness

concept of, 328 zero, 328

Dissipation of energy, 194, 198 of flux, 208 rate, 170

556

viscous, 212 Distribution

horizontal velocity, 404 mean temperature, 404

Diurnal cycle, 22 variation, 21,33

Drag coefficient, 267 frictional, 19 turbulent, 3

Dry air, 41,66 Dyer's data, 490 Dynamic sublayer

height of, 400 thickness of, 467

Dynamic temperature, 246 Dynaxnometer method, 504

Earth, 4, 5, 19 angular velocity, 6,20 atmosphere of, 14 axis, 8 circumference, 1 rotation of, 5, 7 surface, 1,3,8,11,20 temperature, 8 topography of, 2

Eddy correlation method, 496 conductivity

thermal, 301 difi'usivity, 398

thermal, 347 diffusion coefficient, 301 energy containing, 387 exchange coefficient, 396 large, 19 small scale, 407

Effective viscosity, 172 Ekman layer, 20,21

laminar, 21 number, 294,296 turbulent, 21

Ellison equations, 461 relationship, 433

Ellison (cpnt ... ) semiempirical formula,

495 Ellison-Turner data, 460 Empty relation, 288 Energy, 1, 11

balanced, equation, 289, 428,528 method,506

conservation of, 45 density, 152, 155, 157,216 diffusion, turbulent, 528, 529 dissipation, 152, 156, 167

kinetic, 391 flux, 157 internal, 45 kinetic, 45, 52, 227 potential, 10,45, 57, 227 total, 227

Engineering, 32 Enthalpy, 48, 154, 162 Entrainment zone, 25 Entropy, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89,

154,162,164 diagram, 84

Environment, 34 air of, 52 lapse rate, 73

Equation ideal gas, 37 of fluid motion, 130 of mean motion, 195 of motion, 6

relative, 5 of state, 36,39, 180 of turbulent energy

balance, 196 Equatorial

plane, 142 zone,20

Equilibrium neutral,72 stable, 72 unstable, 72

Equivalent potential temperature, 68,69

Euler expansion formula, 105, 107

Evaporation, 61,66

557

Everest, 1 Expansion, 95, 96

Falkner's formula, 344 Fanning, 29 Flows

atmospheric, 7 compressible, 216 geostropic, 296 incompressible, 92, 105,

217,218 laminar, 19, 171, 172,

173 large scale, 3 nature of, 18 plane, 111 similar

geometrically 266, 267,268,279,280, 282.

statistical ensemble of,300

steady, 188, 212 turbulent, 171, 172, 173,

174,227

Fluid

plane parallel, 363, 365 properties, 301

compressible, 217 viscous, 137

element, 137 ideal,135 incompressible, 128

viscous, 136 inviscid, 128 Newtonian, 127 Stokesian, 127

Fluctuating motion, 179 pressure, 213 vorticity, 209

Fluctuations air temperature, 501 density,385 micrometeorological, 497 synoptic, 388 techrrique,497,506

Fluctuations (cont ... ) temperature, 385, 501 wind velocity, 497, 501

Flux density, 192, 204 downward, 8 energy, 8

Flux (cont ... ) incident, 8 scattered, 8 upward, 8

Fog, 3,4, 61 Force

frictional, 1 gravity, 245, 247, 286 molecular, 192 pressure, 192

Forced convection conditions, 410,480

Formula, 6 Free convection, 403, 437,

516 condition of, 406, 410,420,

426,428,459,484,488 eddy thermal diffusion in, 405, 406 equations, 389 laws, 426 regime, 444, 468, 480,

484,489,516,520 true, 440

Friction coefficient of, 320 effect, 294 layer, 371 length, 302 velocity, 246, 294, 302, 326

Fumigation, 30, 31

Galilean invariance of equations of mechanics,307

Gas constant, 39, 40 specific, 37, 39 universal, 37

Gases mixture of, 38, 39 monatomic, 129

558

polyatomic, 129 Gauss' theorem, 91, 107, 153 Geopotential, 7, 49, 57 Grashof number, 282 Gravitational field, 285

acceleration, 227 attraction, 55 of Earth, 49

Gravity, 12, 57 acceleration, 16 force, 56, 58, 227,

407 waves, 19, 29

Green theorem, 107 Gurvich

constant, 462 observation, 521, 522

Hail, 61 Heat

conduction equation, 152, 161,166,170,279,283, 284

radiative, 21 transfer coefficient, 281 transfer equation, 155

general, 161 flux density, 157

Holland's computational technique, 527

Horizontal convergence, 77 divergence, 77

Humidity, 17 relative, 11, 12, 66 specific, 13, 14, 63,

186,201 Hurricanes, 4 Hydrostatic

equation, 49, 58, 59 equilibrium, 70 pressure, 135 stress, 127

Hygrometers meteorological, 493 optical infrared, 502

Hygrometry, method of, 502

Ice crystals, 61 Ideal gas, 296

equation, 37, 40,41 law, 13

Incomplete self-similarity, 260, 261

Inertia forces, 266 Inertial frame, 137,138,140 Intermolecular forces, 183 Internal

energy, 45, 153, 154, 155,162,166

unction, 125,156,157, 164,165,168,194

Interpolation formulas, 416,419,420,421,422,423 zero-order, 421

Inversion layer, 25 Irreversible processes, 89 Isobar, 296 Isothermal

compression, 52, 80, 81 expansion, 80, 81 process, 50, 84 reversible, 85

Isothermals, 82

Jet low-level, 28, 29 stream, 19

Johnk-Hanratty data,350,351,352 results, 349

Katabatic, 29 Kazakhstan Steppe,

Meteorological measure­mentin, 450

Kelvin, 36 Kelvin-Helmholtz waves, 23 Kempfs data, 343, 344 Kinematic result, 108 Kinematic viscosity, 208 Kinetic

energy, 5, 153, 154, 156,

559

164,192 density, 192, 220

mean, 196, 216, 221,222

dissipation, 192 fluctuating, 197 of turbulence, 291, 293 theory, 129 variations, 221

Krechmer's micro­thermometer, 501

Kronecker delta, 126

Laplace equation, 264 Lapse rate, 10, 18, 30

adiabatic, 10, 18 dry, 10, 11, 16 moist, 11

of virtual temperature, 00

stable, 76 unstable, 76

Latent heats, 4, 11, 67, 186 equation of

first, 85 second,88

of condensation, 50, 66 of fusion, 50, 62, 87 of melting, 50 of sublimation, 50, 62 of vaporization, 50,

62,86,87 Laufer's measurements,314 Least Square Method, 466,

469,508 Length scales

macro, 1 meso, 1 micro, 1

Lettau's theory, 379 Liliequist's observations, 468,494

Linear instruments, 503 law, 469

Liquid water loading, 12 Lofting, 30

Logarithmic layer, 308 theory, 395, 396

Logarithmic wall law, 335 Lysimeters, weighing, 504

Mass flux, 226 Malkus convection theory, 487 Mcvehil's observations, 469, 470 Material

derivative, 106 volume, 106, 130

Matrix dimensional, 243, 248,253,254 rank of, 242, 254 row of, 242

Matter, 1 Mean

motion, 179 value, 177

Measurements atmospheric, 494 heat-flux, 504 humidity profile, 478

Mechanical energy, rate of production of, 529

Mesoscale processes, 22 Meteorology, 32, 58 Meteorological variables, 387

drift mean of, 387 measurement of, 507

Methods dimensional, 260, 263 dimensionless, 258

Microanemometer acoustic, 500 ultrasonic, 499

Micrometeorology, 2, 21, 31,32,34

Mixing ratio, 63 saturation 65, 66

Moist air, 61 Moisture, 4

conservation equation, 170

exchange coefficient for, 398

parameter, 63

560

Molecular diffusion, 20 Molecular

diffusion, 20 diffusivity, 203, 208, 347

coefficient of 167, 187 thermal, concept of a sublayer of, 355

thermal conductivity, 185,283

viscosity, 350 weight, 63

Moment third-order, 195 fourth-order, 195

Momentum, 1,5, eddy diffusivity for, 414 equation, 137, 143, 158, 164,180,184,200,204, 205,217,219 flux, 157

density, 183 thickness, 278 total, 130 transport, 130

coefficient of,299 Monin's

equation, 362 theory, 479

Monin-Obukhov formula, 432 method, 457, 508

Mordukhovich-Tsvang estimates, 392 measurements, 523

Myrup's measurements, 522

Navier-Stokes equation, 136,144,148,156,169,191,266, 267,268,269,271,272,278

Newton's second law, 56, 70,116,131

Newtonian gravitation, 57,143 Nikuradse's

data, 321, 322, 328 measurements, 276

No slip, 269 Nocturnal jet, 28

Non-inertial acceleration, 143 coordinate system, 137, 138,144,148

Numerical simulation, 33 Nusselt number, 281

Obukhovlength,293,294 Ocean, 4

currents, 5, 22 surface, 21, 22

Oceanograph observations, data from 494

Ogura's eddy viscosity hypothesis, 428

Ogura's semiempirical theory, 428

Pandolfo equations, 462 theory, 431

Parameters dimensional, 259 dimensionless, 247, 249,

251,252,253,280,286, 292

similarity, 256, 258,278 Pascal, 35 Pasquill

data, 492 results, 342

Pec1et number, 279, 280, 282 Planetary boundary layer, 2 Poisson's equation, 14,55,

152,265 Potential, 263

energy, 10, 12 temperature 15, 16, 17, 18,

25,53,54,55,68,69,82, 84,287,288

Power monomial, 236, 241 Prandtl

boundary layer equations,273 mixing length, 361 number, 250,279, 280,282,

561

283,285 Pressure, 35

atmospheric, 13 correlation, 214 equation, 130, 148,151 force, 55 gradient, 71, 208 instantaneous, 213 mean, 187 partial, 13, 39

Profile measurements, 509 wind-velocity, 424, 508 temperature, 508

Proudman's oceanographic data, 495

Psychrometri equation, 501 solving of, 501

Quantities derived, 230 dimensional, 234, 239 fluctuating, 180 fundamental, 230, 231 instantaneous, 210 mean, 180

Radiation, 4, 8, 11 balance, 9, 10 Earth's, 3

Radiative influx, 202 heat, 21

Rain,61 Rawinsonde, 25,30 Rayleigh number, 282 Relative humidity, 66 Resistance thermometer

instruments, 501 Resistance thermometer,

wet-and dry bulb, 501 Reversible

process, 83, 89 adibatic, 85

Reynolds analogy, 358 conditions, 178, 188 equations, 182, 192, 195,

217,301,304,372,380 nurnnber,198,266,269,

270,271,278,279, 280,282,283 large, flow with, 269 similarity law, 268

extended application of,350

stresses, 191, 195 equations, 191, 299,

201 Reynolds - Peclet nurnnber

similarity principle, 350 Reynolds stress tensor, 363 Richardson numbers, 285,

286,288,294,368,397,401, 407,408,412,420,433,459, 463,477,479,484

critical, 292 flux, 288,292 gradient, 292

Rider's data, 480, 492 results, 341

Rossby number, 294, 296, 378,380

Rotation, Earth's, 3 rotating frame, 140

Roughness length, 321 Round Hill observations, 527

Saturated vapour pressure, 61,62,64

Saturation mixing ratio, 65,66,69

Scales arbitrary, 237, 238 homogeneous, 237

Schmidt nurnnber 279,359 Schultz-Grunow

data, 342, 344 law, 344

562

Shadow-graph method, 335

Self-similar solution, 261

of first kind, 262 of second kind, 262

Self-similarity complete, 262 incomplete, 262 lack of, 261

Shear stress, 276 turbulent, 394 viscous, 126

Similarity mechanical, 278 theory, 434,451, 467,

478,494,496,507, 518,519,520,528 general formula of, 478 verification of deduction

from, 496 thermal, 278 variables, 281

Singular, 252 dimensional matrix, 252

Skin friction coefficient 268,271

dynamic measurement of, 343

Smoke plurnne, 27, 30 Snow, 61 Solar

energy, 8 radiation, 8 heating, 19, 23

Specific gas constant, 37, 39 heats, 46

at constant pressure, 47, 80 at constant volurnne, 46,47,80

humidity, 63 volurnne, 35, 36, 39,

45,83,87 Stable layer, 25 Stability

hydrodynamical, 21 instable, 18, 30

Stability (cont ... ) neutral, 18, 27, 30 stable, 18

Stanton number, 281 Stochastic methods, 32 Strain rate, fluctuating

189,212 Stratification

density, 289 near-neutral, 400, 448,

450,455,515,523 neutral, 383, 384, 399,

400,401,403,422,423, 433,436,439,447,475, 477,493,519

non-neutral condition of, 427, 432

of air, 33 of fluids, 33 stable, 245, 246, 288, 399,

403, 407, 408, 422,425, 439,456,460,467,473, 494,512,516

thermal, 245 unstable, 288

Stratocumulus clouds, 3, 23 Stress

apparent, 183 normal,117 Reynolds, l30, 183 tangential, 117, 196 tensor, 134, 183

viscous, 161, 183, 192, 217

total,183 turbulent, 183

Subsidence inversion, 78

Sun,4,8,19 Surface layer, 2, 16, 23 Swinbank's

data, 479, 480 formula, 429 graph,488 measurements, 522

System of units, independent of,234

563

Taylor series, 305, 354 coefficient of, 402

Taylor's oceanographic data, 494, 495

Temperature data, 484 dissipation, 203 diurnal variation, 3 gradient, 157, 203 potential, 12, 15,

16,17 profile, 284, 286

data, 510 linear, 494

virtual, 12, 13, 14, 18,25

Tensor component of, 109 deformation

rate of, 109, 118, 120, 123,124,125,127

isotropic, 125 rotation, 109 strain

rate of, 110 stress, 114, 117, 118

viscous, 125, 127 Tetrahedron, 114, 115, 116 Theory

phenomenological, 32 similarity, 32

Thermal conditions, 3, 8 conduction, 157, 158 conductivity, 158, 281,

283 equation, 491

convection, 442 diffilsivity, 247

Thermals, 3, 17, 19, 23, 25,27

Thermodynamics diagram, 44, 72, 73, 77,

86 first law, 45, 46, 48, 49,

79,83,154,159,160 pressure, 128 relations, 154, 161, 164 second law, 70, 80

Thermodynamics (cont .. .) state, 127 variables, 44

Thermometric conductivity, 165

Thunderstorms, 4 Time scale, 3 Topography, 2, 57 Townsend's results, 486 Transport

of heat, 3 of momentum, 3 of pollutant, 3 processes, 1

Toposphere,1,2,3,22 Tsvarig's measurements, data of,523

Turbulence, 5, 18, 19, 20, 23, 33,174

atmospheric, 17, 173,179 clear air, 19, 23 in stratified medium, 427

semiemprical theory of, 427

length scale of, 423 marine, 179 scales of, 3 semiempirical theories

of, 415, 423, 445 spectrum of, 19 theory of, 175, 176,177,

183,302 theoretical analysis, 386 turbulence inter-

action, 215 Turbulent energy, 245,

385,388 diffusion of, 197

vertical, 378 flux of, 199

density, 187 Turbulent fluxes

mass, 228 spectrum composition

of, 497 total, 187

Turbulent regime, similarity hypothesis for,510

Turbulent shear stress,

564

fluctuating method for measuring, 504

Turbulent stresses, 307 Typhoons, 20

Universal function, 282 Unstable stratification, 227, 228

Updraft of thermals, 27 Upwelling fluxes, 3

Vager's semi empirical theory, 430

Vapour pressure, 40 Variation of density, 166 Vector field, 93

directional derivative of,93 Velocity

angular, 110, 113, 125 defect law, 381, 332,

337,341,381 logarithmic form of,334 verification of, 332

deformational, 118, 120 field, 93, 98, 105

divergence of, 105 fluctuating, 188 fluctuation

fine scale, 499 instantaneous, 188 mean, 188 offluid,166 of sound, 166 profile, 25, 284 relative, 108, 109, 110 velocity, 171

average of, 388 formula for, 428 geostropic, 373 profile, 428

wind,20 Vertical displacement of

fluid particles, 245 Vertical sinking, 78 Vertical stretching, 75, 77, 78

Virtual potential temperature, 16,17,26,28,30,31

Virtual temperature, 12, 13, 14,25,41,42,43,71

Viscosity, 183 coefficients, 126, 135 second jl' 128 eddy, 299, 300

coefficient of, 299 effective, 299 equivalent, 319 fluctuation, 218 kinematic, 208 molecular, 194,300 total, 299 turbulent, 299

coefficient of, 299 Viscous

diffusion, 208, 212 effects, 283 energy dissipation

rate, 196, 197 forces, 266 stress tensor, 125 sublayer,305,306,307,

312,322 Von Karman's

constant,310,337,346, 375,402,467 universal, 507

equation, 343 hypothesis, 380, 430 skin friction law, 344 transitional region, 358

Vorticity Earth's rotation, 20 equation, 130, 144 fluctuating, 188, 211,

212 instantaneous, 188 mean, 188, 189,210 vector, 145

Wake function, 338 law, 339

Wall, law of, 302, 330,337,381

565

Water vapour, 4, 10, 12, 13,35,40,41,61

Waves, 18 Kelvin-Holmholtz, 23

Weather forecasting, 4, 296 map, 296

Webb's data, 468 proposal, 421 result, 484

Weighting function, 176,177,178

Wind geostrophic equation, 373 profile

stratification effect on, 432 functions, universal, 465

speed, 4, 7,25,29 mean, 18

shear, 19,28 stresses, 5 subgeostropic, 25 subgeostropic, 25 velocity, 171

average of, 388 formula for, 428 geostropic, 373 profile, 428

Wind-tunnels, artificial roughness, 328

Yamamoto-Shimanuki equations, 430

Zel'dovich's equation, 405 Zenith, 5 Zilitinkevich-Chalikov

nomograms, 514

Mechanics

FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Series Editor: R. Moreau

Aims and Scope of the Series

The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a fundamental role. As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a state of rapid develop­ment, such as turbulence, suspensions and multi phase fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modelling techniques. It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advance­ment. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particularly open to cross fertilisation with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecological engineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains.

1. M. Lesieur: Turbulence in Fluids. 2nd rev. ed., 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0645-7 2. O. Metais and M. Lesieur (eds.): Turbulence and Coherent Structures. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-0646-5 3. R. Moreau: Magnetohydrodynamics. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0937-5 4. E. Coustols (ed.): Turbulence Control by Passive Means. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-1020-9 5. A.A. Borissov (ed.): Dynamic Structure of Detonation in Gaseous and Dispersed Media. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1340-2 6. K.-S. Choi (ed.): Recent Developments ill Turbulence Management. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1477-8 7. E.P. Evans and B. Coulbeck (eds.): Pipeline Systems. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1668-1 8. B. Nau (ed.): Fluid Sealing. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1669-X 9. T.K.S. Murthy (ed.): Computational Methods in Hypersonic Aerodynamics. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1673-8 10. R. King (ed.): Fluid Mechanics of Mixing. Modelling, Operations and Experimental Tech-

niques. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1720-3 1 I. Z. Han and X. Yin: Shock Dynamics. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1746-7 12. L. Svarovsky and M.T. Thew (eds.): Hydroclones. Analysis and Applications. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1876-5 13. A. Lichtarowicz (ed.): Jet Cutting Technology. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1979-6 14. F.T.M. Nieuwstadt (ed.): Flow Visualization and Image Analysis. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1994-X 15. A.J. Saul (ed.): Floods and Flood Management. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-20n-6 16. D.E. Ashpis, T.B. Gatski and R. Hirsh (eds.): Instabilities and Turbulence in Engineering

Flows. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2161-8 17. R.S. Azad: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer for Engineers. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2187-1

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

Mechanics SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

Aims and Scope o/the Series The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much? The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it relates to solids. The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics; statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies; vibrations of solids and structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental mechanics; biomechanics and machine design.

I. R.T. Haftka, Z. Gilrdal and M.P. Kamat: Elements of Structural Optimization. 2nd rev.ed., 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0608-2

2. J.J. Kalker: Three-Dimensional Elastic Bodies in Rolling Contact. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0712-7

3. P. Karasudhi: Foundations of Solid Mechanics. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-0772-0 4. N. Kikuchi: Computational Methods in Contact Mechanics. (forthcoming)

ISBN 0-7923-0773-9 5. Not published. 6. J.F. Doyle: Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures. With an Emphasis on Mechanics and

Computer Matrix Methods. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-1124-8; Pb 0-7923-1208-2 7. 0.0. Ochoa and J.N. Reddy: Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates.

ISBN 0-7923-1125-6 8. M.H. Aliabadi and D.P. Rooke: Numerical Fracture Mechanics. ISBN 0-7923-1175-2 9. 1. Angeles and C.S. L6pez-CajUn: Optimization of Cam Mechanisms. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1355-0 10. D.E. Grierson, A. Franchi and P. Riva: Progress in Structural Engineering. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1 396-8 11. R.T. Haftka and Z. GOrdal: Elements of Structural Optimization. 3rd rev. and expo ed. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1504-9; Pb 0-7923-1505-7 12. 1.R. Barber: Elasticity. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1609-6; Pb 0-7923-161O-X 13. H.S. Tzou and G.L. Anderson (eds.): Intelligent Structural Systems. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1 920-6 14. E.E. Gdoutos: Fracture Mechanics. An Introduction ISBN 0-7923-1932-X 15. J.P. Ward: Solid Mechanics. An Introduction. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1949-4 16. M. Farshad: Design and Analysis of Shell Structures. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1950-8 17. H.S. Tzou and T. Fukuda (eds.): Precision Sensors, Actuators and Systems. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-2015-8 18. J.R. Vinson: The Behavior of Shells Composed of Isotropic and Composite Materials. 1993

ISBN 0-7923-2113-8

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

Mechanics SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

19. H.S. Tzou: Piezoelectric Shells. Distributed Sensing and Control of Continua 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2186-3

20. W. Schiehlen: Advanced Multibody System Dynamics. Simulation and Software Tools. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2192-8

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

Mechanics From 1990, books on the subject of mechanics will be published under two series: FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: R.I. Moreau SOliD MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

Prior to 1990, the books listed below were published in the respective series indicated below.

MECHANICS: DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Editors: L. Meirovitch and G.fE. Oravas

1. E.H. Dowell: Aeroelasticity of Plates and Shells. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0404-9 2. D.G.B. Edelen: Lagrangian Mechanics of Nonconservative Nonholonomic Systems.

1977 ISBN 90-286-0077-9 3. J.L. Junkins: An Introduction to Optimal Estimation of Dynamical Systems. 1978

ISBN 90-286-0067-1 4. E.H. Dowell (ed.), H.e. Curtiss Jr., R.H. Scanlan and F. Sisto: A Modern Course in

Aeroelasticity. Revised and enlarged edition see under Volume I I 5. L. Meirovitch: Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics. 1980

ISBN 90-286-0580-0 6. B. Skalmierski and A. Tylikowski: Stochastic Processes in Dynamics. Revised and

enlarged translation. 1982 ISBN 90-247-2686-7 7. P.e. MUller and W.O. Schiehlen: Linear Vibrations. A Theoretical Treatment of Multi-

degree-of-freedom Vibrating Systems. 1985 ISBN 90-247-2983-1 8. Gh. Buzdugan, E. Mihiiilescu and M. Rade§: Vibration Measurement. 1986

ISBN 90-247-3111-9 9. G.M.L. Gladwell: Inverse Problems in Vibration. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3408-8

10. G.!. Schueller and M. Shinozuka: Stochastic Methods in Structural Dynamics. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3611-0

11. E.H. Dowell (ed.), H.C. Curtiss Jr., R.H. Scanlan and F. Sisto: A Modern Course in Aeroeiasticity. Second revised and enlarged edition (of Volume 4). 1989

ISBN Hb 0-7923-0062-9; Pb 0-7923-0185-4 12. W. Szemplinska-Stupnicka: The Behavior of Nonlinear Vibrating Systems. Volume I:

Fundamental Concepts and Methods: Applications to Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0368-7

13. W. Szemplinska-Stupnicka: The Behavior of Nonlinear Vibrating Systems. Volume II: Advanced Concepts and Applications to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. 1990

ISBN 0-7923-0369-5 Set ISBN (Vols. 12-13) 0-7923-0370-9

MECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Editors: J.S. Przemieniecki and G.fE. Oravas

1. L. Fryba: Vibration of Solids and Structures under Moving Loads. 1970 ISBN 90-01-32420-2

2. K. Marguerre and K. WOlfel: Mechanics of Vibration. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0086-8

Mechanics 3. E.B. Magrab: Vibrations of Elastic Structural Members. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0207-0 4. R.T. Haftka and M.P. Kamat: Elements of Structural Optimization. 1985

Revised and enlarged edition see under Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, Volume 1

5. J.R. Vinson and R.L. Sierakowski: The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials. 1986 ISBN Hb 90-247-3125-9; Pb 90-247-3578-5

6. B.E. Gatewood: Virtual Principles in Aircraft Structures. Volume 1: Analysis. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3754-0

7. B.E. Gatewood: Virtual Principles in Aircraft Structures. Volume 2: Design, Plates, Finite Elements. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3755-9

Set (Gatewood 1 + 2) ISBN 90-247-3753-2

MECHANICS OF ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SOLIDS

Editors: S. Nemat-Nasser and G.lE. Oravas

1. G.M.L. Gladwell: Contact Problems in the Classical Theory of Elasticity. 1980 ISBN Hb 90-286-0440-5; Pb 90-286-0760-9

2. G. Wempner: Mechanics of Solids with Applications to Thin Bodies. 1981 ISBN 90-286-0880-X

3. T. Mura: Micromechanics of Defects in Solids. 2nd revised edition, 1987 ISBN 90-247-3343-X

4. R.G. Payton: Elastic Wave Propagation in Transversely Isotropic Media. 1983 ISBN 90-247-2843-6

5. S. Nemat-Nasser, H. Abe and S. Hirakawa (eds.): Hydraulic Fracturing and Geother-mal Energy. 1983 ISBN 90-247-2855-X

6. S. Nemat-Nasser, RJ. Asaro and G.A. Hegemier (eds.): Theoretical Foundation for Large-scale Computations of Nonlinear Material Behavior. 1984 ISBN 90-247-3092-9

7. N. Cristescu: Rock Rheology. 1988 ISBN 90-247-3660-9 8. G.I.N. Rozvany: Structural Design via Optimality Criteria. The Prager Approach to

Structural Optimization. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3613-7

MECHANICS OF SURFACE STRUCTURES

Editors: W.A. Nash and G.lE. Oravas

I. P. Seide: Small Elastic Deformations of Thin Shells. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0064-7 2. V. Panc: Theories of Elastic Plates. 197.5 ISBN 90-286-01 04-X 3. J.L. Nowinski: Theory of ThemlOelasticity with Applications. 1978

ISBN 90-286-0457-X 4. S. Lukasiewicz: Local Loads in Plates and Shells. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0047-7 5. C. Fin: Statics, Formfinding and Dynamics of Air-supported Membrane Structures.

1983 ISBN 90-247-2672-7 6. Y. Kai-yuan (ed.): Progress in Applied Mechanics. The Chien Wei-zang Anniversary

Volume. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3249-2 7. R. Negruliu: Elastic Analysis of Slab Structures. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3367-7 8. J.R. Vinson: The Behavior of Thin Walled Structures. Beams, Plates, and Shells. 1988

ISBN Hb 90-247-3663-3; Pb 90-247-3664-1

Mechanics MECHANICS OF FLUIDS AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Editors: RJ. Moreau and O.IE. Oravas

I. J. Happel and H. Brenner: Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics. With Special Applications to Particular Media. 1983 ISBN Hb 90-01-37115-9; Pb 90-247-2877-0

2. S. Zahorski: Mechanics of Viscoelastic Fluids. 1982 ISBN 90-247-2687-5 3. J.A. Sparenberg: Elements of Hydrodynamics Propulsion. 1984 ISBN 90-247-2871-1 4. B.K. Shivamoggi: Theoretical Fluid Dynamics. 1984 ISBN 90-247-2999-8 5. R Timman, A.J. Hermans and G.c. Hsiao: Water Waves and Ship Hydrodynamics. An

Introduction. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3218-2 6. M. Lesieur: Turbulence in Fluids. Stochastic and Numerical Modelling. 1987

ISBN 90-247-3470-3 7. L.A. L1iboutry: Very Slow Flows of Solids. Basics of Modeling in Geodynamics and

Glaciology. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3482-7 8. B.K. Shivamoggi: Introduction to Nonlinear Fluid-Plasma Waves. 1988

ISBN 90-247-3662-5 9. V. Bojarevics, Ya. Freibergs, E.I. Shilova and E.V. Shcherbinin: Electrically Induced

Vortical Flows. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3712-5 10. J. Lielpeteris and R Moreau (eds.): Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamics. 1989

MECHANICS OF ELASTIC STABILITY

Editors: H. Leipholz and G.IE. Oravas

ISBN 0-7923-0344-X

1. H. Leipholz: Theory of Elasticity. 1974 ISBN 90-286-0193-7 2. L. Librescu: Elastostatics and Kinetics of Aniosotropic and Heterogeneous Shell-type

Structures. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0035-3 3. C.L. Dym: Stability Theory and Its Applications to Structural Mechanics. 1974

ISBN 90-286-0094-9 4. K. Huseyin: Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Stability. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0344-1 5. H. Leipholz: Direct Variational Methods and Eigenvalue Problems in Ellgilleering.

1977 ISBN 90-286-0106-6 6. K. Huseyin: Vibrations alld Stability of Multiple Parameter Systems. 1978

ISBN 90-286-0136-8 7. H. Leipholz: Stability of Elastic Systems. 1980 ISBN 90-286-0050-7 8. V.V. Bolotin: Random Vibrations of Elastic Systems. 1984 ISBN 90-247-2981-5 9. D. Bushnell: Computerized Buckling Analysis of Shells. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3099-6

10. L.M. Kachanov: Introduction to Continuum Damage Mechanics. 1986 ISBN 90-247-3319-7

II. H.H.E. Leipholz and M. Abdel-Rohman: Control of Structures. 1986 ISBN 90-247-3321-9

12. H.E. Lindberg and A.L. Florence: Dynamic Pulse Buckling. Theory and Experiment. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3566-1

13. A. Gajewski and M. Zyczkowski: Optimal Structural Design under Stability Con-straillls. 1988 ISBN 90-247-3612-9

Mechanics MECHANICS: ANALYSIS

Editors: V.J. Mizel and G.JE. Oravas

I. M.A. Krasnoselskii, P.P. Zabreiko, E.l. Pustylnik and P.E. Sbolevskii: Integral Operators in Spaces of Summable Functions. 1976 ISBN 90-286-0294-1

2. V.V. Ivanov: The Theory of Approximate Methods and Their Application to the Numerical Solution of Singular Integral Equations. 1976 ISBN 90-286-0036-1

3. A. Kufner, O. John and S. Pucfk: Function Spaces. 1977 ISBN 90-286-0015-9 4. S.G. Mikhlin: Approximation on a Rectangular Grid. With Application to Finite

Element Methods and Other Problems. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0008-6 5. D.G.B. Edelen: Isovector Methods for Equations of Balance. With Programs for

Computer Assistance in Operator Calculations and an Exposition of Practical Topics of the Exterior Calculus. 1980 ISBN 90-286-0420-0

6. R.S. Anderssen, F.R. de Hoog and M.A. Lukas (eds.): The Application and Numerical Solution of Integral Equations. 1980 ISBN 90-286-0450-2

7. R.Z. Has' minskiI: Stochastic Stability of Differential Equations. 1980 ISBN 90-286-0100-7

8. A.I. Vol'pert and S.l. Hudjaev: Analysis in Classes of Discontinuous Functions and Equations of Mathematical Physics. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3109-7

9. A. Georgescu: Hydrodynamic Stability Theory. 1985 ISBN 90-247-3120-8 10. W. Noll: Finite-dimensional Spaces. Algebra, Geometry and Analysis. Volume I. 1987

ISBN Hb 90-247-3581-5; Pb 90-247-3582-3

MECHANICS: COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS

Editors: M. Stem and G.JE. Oravas

1. T.A. Cruse: Boundary Element Analysis in Computational Fracture Mechanics. 1988 ISBN 90-247-3614-5

MECHANICS: GENESIS AND METHOD

Editor: G.JE. Oravas

1. P.-M.-M. Duhem: The Evolution of Mechanics. 1980

MECHANICS OF CONTINUA

Editors: W.O. Williams and G.JE. Oravas

ISBN 90-286-0688-2

1. c.-c. Wang and C. Truesdell: Introduction to Rational Elasticity. 1973

2. P.l. Chen: Selected Topics in Wave Propagation. 1976 3. P. Villaggio: Qualitative Methods in Elasticity. 1977

ISBN 90-01-93710-1 ISBN 90-286-0515-0 ISBN 90-286-0007-8

MECHANICS OF FRACTURE

Editors: G.c. Sih

Mechanics

1. G.c. Sih (ed.): Methods of Analysis alld Solutions of Crack Problems. 1973 ISBN 90-01-79860-8

2. M.K. Kassir and G.c. Sih (eds.): Three-dimensional Crack Problems. A New Solution of Crack Solutions in Three-dimensional Elasticity. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0414-6

3. G.c. Sih (ed.): Plates and Shells with Cracks. 1977 ISBN 90-286-0146-5 4. G.c. Sih (ed.): Elastodynamic Crack Problems. 1977 ISBN 90-286-0156-2 5. G.c. Sih (ed.): Stress Analysis of Notch Problems. Stress Solutions to a Variety of

Notch Geometries used in Engineering Design. 1978 ISBN 90-286-0166-X 6. G.C. Sih and E.P. Chen (eds.): Cracks in Composite Materials. A Compilation of Stress

Solutions for Composite System with Cracks. 1981 ISBN 90-247-2559-3 7. G.c. Sih (ed.): Experimental Evaluation of Stress Concentration and Intensity Factors.

Useful Methods and Solutions to Experimentalists in Fracture Mechanics. 1981

MECHANICS OF PLASTIC SOLIDS

Editors: J. Schroeder and G.1E. Oravas

ISBN 90-247-2558-5

1. A. Sawczuk (ed.): Foundations of Plasticity. 1973 ISBN 90-01-77570-5 2. A. Sawczuk (ed.): Problems of Plasticity. 1974 ISBN 90-286-0233-X 3. W. Szczepinski: Introduction to the Mechanics of Plastic Fonning of Metals. 1979

ISBN 90-286-0126-0 4. D.A. Gokhfeld and O.F. Chemiavsky: Limit Analysis of Structures at Themzal Cycling.

1980 ISBN 90-286-0455-3 5. N. Cristescu and I. Suliciu: Viscoplasticity. 1982 ISBN 90-247-2777-4

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London