Reform Movements

What is the biggest problem that you face?

Defined• What is a reform movement? • When people work

together to fix a problem (something unjust or imperfect) in society

• Make changes for the better

Why reform?• Why did reform

movements happen?

Religion:• First settlers (North) came

for religious reasons. (Quakers = equality)

• Second Great Awakening: changed religion:– Believed you could go to

heaven (salvation) by being a good person.

– (Reform = heaven)

Why reform?• Why did reform

movements happen? Politics: • Declaration of

Independence – Northern states outlawed slavery

• Bill of Rights• Jacksonian Democracy

(result of the election of 1824)

• All meant more rights for men!

What caused reform movements?

A.Religion and PoliticsB.Power and SlaveryC.Money and powerD.All of these

Identify a reform movement of the 1800’s

A. Say no to drugsB. Hospitals and prisonsC. Industrial RevolutionD. Gay rights

What was the most important reform movement?

A.Second Great AwakeningB.Hospitals and prisonsC.AbolitionD.Temperance

Reform Movements

• What were the reform movements and what were their goals?

• Hospitals and prisons (Dorthea Dix): make them safe and humane places

• Public Education for all (Horace Mann)

• Temperance = alcohol is root of social problems needs to be illegal

• Abolition: end slavery

Most Important!

• What was the most important reform movement?

• Abolitionist Movement – end slavery!

• Caused many problems in the North and the South

• People did not want change:– Threatened the factories

and the South’s economy!

– Freed slaves meant more competition for jobs

Abolitionists• Who were the most

important abolitionists?

• First were Quakers• William Lloyd Garrison:

Massachusetts preacher started The Liberator

• Frederick Douglass = self educated runaway slave started the North Star

• Harriet Tubman = “conductor” on the Underground Railroad

• Grimke sisters: moved to the North to fight for abolition!

Map Progression: What do you see? Explain what you see? What do you think this will lead to?

How to abolish slavery:• How did they plan to

achieve their goals?• Newspapers spread

information about the wrongs of slavery

• Underground Railroad = system of houses, barns, and buildings where slaves could stay when on the run

• Speeches, protests, and supported candidates for office (new political parties)

What was the underground railroad?

A. A underground train from the South to the North that helped slaves escape.

B. A network of houses, barns, and hiding places that helped slaves escape to freedom

C. An abolitionist newspaper that helped spread the news of slavery

D. A train that connected the North and West.

Newspapers spread news about the evils of slavery!

Slaves ran away with help from abolitionists

Angry Southerners sent bounty hunters to the North to catch run away slaves!

Angry Northerners spoke out against it! More became abolitionists!Southerners

demanded change!

Results• What were the results

of the abolitionist movement?

• Big problems between the North and the South.

• More people in the North supported abolition.

– Southerners: (relied on slavery) angry that Northerners would not help catch/return slaves.

– Demanded a new Fugitive Slave Act to force the North to help.

The cycle of slavery and abolition led to violence like the “Tragedy at Christiana”

How can a book start a problem?• Predict why this book will be

very important.• Explain why it will (based on

what you know about the North and the South)!

Results Continued

• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

• Spread the news about the evils of slavery

• Read by millions• More people became

abolitionists!

What is being shown? Why will it be important to the conflict between the North and the South?

Results Continued• What were the results of

the abolitionist movement?

• Abolitionist Movement led creation of a new political party (Republicans). – Chose Lincoln as their

candidate for president in 1860.

– Lincoln won Southern states seceded (left or broke away from) the Union. Causing the Civil War

Other Results• Abolitionist Movement led

to other reform movements (Women’s Rights)

• Seneca Falls Convention: First major meeting calling for equal treatment of women.

• Declaration of Sentiments (modeled after another “Declaration”)

• http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm

Why was the Abolitionist movement important?

A.It led to the creation of a new political party

B.It led to the Civil WarC.It led to the Women’s Rights

MovementD.All of the above