Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Glucose C6H1206

C6H1206 + 602 6C02 + 6H20 + energy in ATP Cell respiration

6C02 + 6H20 + light energy C6H1206 + 602 Photosynthesis

Regents Biology 2009-2010

Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy

ATP

Regents Biology

CO2 + H2O + heatfuel

(carbohydrates)

O2

“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step

ATP

ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

aerobic respirationmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps

food(carbohydrates)

O2

Regents Biology

Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat)

Regents Biology

Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food

digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

ATP

Regents Biology 2009-2010

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Regents Biology

Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen

“aerobic” respiration

usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,

fats, or proteins

C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6CO2 6H2O+ + +

glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide

O2

food ATP

Regents Biology

Which of the following is a product of cell respiration?

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1. ATP

2. Glucose

3. Oxygen

4. NADPH

Regents Biology

Cell Respiration takes place in the

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1. Chloroplast

2. Nucleus

3. Mitochondria

4. Rough ER

Regents Biology

What do we need to transform chemical energy in food? The “Furnace” for transfering energy

mitochondria Fuel

food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins Helpers

oxygen enzymes

Product ATP

Waste products carbon dioxide

then used by plants water

O2

food

ATP

Make ATP!Make ATP!

All I do all day…And no one

even notices!

enzymes

CO2 H2O

Regents Biology

Mitochondria are everywhere!!

animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells

Regents Biology

Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell

that produces itonly short term

energy storage

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

ATP

ADP

workAdenosine DiPhosphate

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Regents Biology

make energyA Body’s Energy Budget

eatfood

synthesis(building)

• energy needed even at rest

• activity• temperature

control{

• growth• reproduction• repair{

storage• glycogen

(animal starch)• fat{

ATP1

2

3

Regents Biology

Mitochondria Structure Double membrane bound organelle Contains its own DNA (different from

nucleus’ DNA) Matrix = jelly-like fluid Cristae = folds of membrane within the

mitochondria

Regents Biology

Steps of Cellular Respiration1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic – does not require oxygen)

2. Kreb’s Cycle (Aerobic- requires oxygen)

3. Electron Transport Chain (Aerobic)

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

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1. Photosynthesis

2. Aerobic Respiration

3. Anaerobic Respiration

4. Glycolysis

Regents Biology

Which of the following is NOT a stage of cell respiration?

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1. Krebs Cycle

2. Calvin Cycle

3. Glycolysis

4. Electron Transport

Regents Biology

The first step of respiration is

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1. Glycolysis

2. Kreb Cycle

3. Calvin Cycle

4. Electron Transport Chain

Regents Biology

Plants conduct which of the following processes?

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1. Glycolysis

2. Photosynthesis only

3. Respiration only

4. Both Photosynthesis and respiration

Regents Biology

Glycolysis takes place in the

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0% 0%0%0%

1. Mitochondrial matrix

2. cytoplasm

3. Cell membrane

4. Cristae of mitochondria

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Step 1: Glycolysis Takes place in cytoplasm Anaerobic process- no oxygen required Splits glucose into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate

REACTANTS (IN) = Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, and 4 ADP PRODUCTS = 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate Net gain = 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Aerobic Process – will not happen without the presence of

oxygen Electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are produced from NAD and FAD

NADH and FADH2 go to the Electron Transport Chain to be used to make more ATP

Carbon Dioxide is released 2 ATP are produced

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain Takes place in cristae of mitochondria Aerobic process – uses oxygen Uses the NADH produced in Glycolysis & the Kreb’s Cycle Uses the FADH2 produced in the Kreb’s Cycle Produces 34 ATP!!!! Water is released

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

What if oxygen is missing? No O2 available = can’t carry out Kreb’s cycle

or electron transport Anaerobic respiration

=glycolysis followed by fermentation alcohol fermentation-yeasts lactic acid fermentation-bacteria

& skeletal muscle Cells must survive on 2 ATP/gluocse

produced during Glycolysis Repeating cycles of glycolysis &

fermentation

large animals cannot survive

O2

yeast

bacteria

Regents Biology

Anaerobic Respiration

Fermentation alcohol fermentation

yeast glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol

make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals

glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue

O2

Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!

Fermentation does NOT produce ATP!It regenerates glycolysis’s reactant NAD+ so that glycolysis can be repeated again & again while conditions are anaerobic.

Regents Biology 2009-2010

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