regional biogas development in west java, indonesia.pdf

7/25/2019 Regional Biogas Development in West Java, Indonesia.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/regional-biogas-development-in-west-java-indonesiapdf 1/27

Regional Biogas Development

in West Java, Indonesia

Center for Science and Technology Development Studies (PAPPIPTEK)

INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI)

Conference on the

Economic of Climate Change in South East Asia

27-28 February 2014, Siem Reap, Cambodia

PURNAMA ALAMSYAH | [email protected]



L I P I Introduction

Conventional energy sources derived from fossil fuels becomethe most important energy source, but its availability is limited

Among the various types of alternative energy sources,products derived from biomass seem to be one of the main

options that are promising Biogas technology although it is known in many countries

including Indonesia, but in fact its presence is alwaysconsidered new while in some countries like China, Nepal andIndia is being used massively

One area in Indonesia, which has been long implementingbiogas, is West Java. In West Java, the situation is highlyenergy-mixed with issues of agriculture, sanitation, economicdevelopment, social stratification and environmentaldegradation.



L I P I Introduction



L I P I Study area

• Consists of 26 districts

• Highest population in Indonesia

• West Java has geothermal potential for around 21.7% of the total

Indonesian geothermal potential

West Java



L I P I Status of biogas development

Distribution of biogas digester in West Java

Source: Wangsaatmaja et al (2013)




Biogas potentialLivestock

Type

Number of

Livestocks

Conversion Factor

(m3 / head / day)

Biogas Production

(in thousand m3)

Beef cattle 441,350 0.32 141

Dairy cattle 147,958 0.32 47

Buffalo 128,778 0.32 41

Pig 11,296 1.43 16

Total 245

Source: Bond & Templeton (2011) dan Livestock and Animal Health

Statistics 2012 (2013)




Biogas digester

Plastic or balloon Floating drums

Fixed domed

Fixed dome model is popular since it was first introduced in

Indonesia in the 1970s and become populer after the entry of

BIRU programs brought by Hivos and SNV in 2009




Biogas Digester




Actor for biogas development

Central government Local government

Universities and R&D Institutions

NGO

Local company / biogas constructor

Cooperative




Policy for biogas development

Why does the policy direct to biogasdevelopment

• The step declining of oil reserve and it willnot be sufficient in the long term

• Sustainable development concept in WestJava towards a Green Province in 2018




Policy for biogas development What are the policies

• National Energy Policy• Local Regulation of West Java EnergyMaster Plan

• West Java Regional Action Plan on

Mitigation of Green House Gases

West Java Provincial Government develops biogas development policies at the

provincial level as a supplement or specifying national policies. Provincial policy

requires regulatory instruments, financial incentives and technical standards in biogas

development.





National Energy Policy• Presidential Decree No. 5 of 2006 on

National Energy Policy

• targets 17%-25% proportion of Renewable

Energy in the energy mix targets/nationalenergy mix by 2025




Policy for biogas development Local Regulation of West Java Energy

Master Plan

• It places the biogas as much as 3 % of thetotal amount of energy consumption on2025 in West Java

No Renewable Energy 2011 Condition

Achievement Target

2025

Quality Standards

Unit %

1 Biogas 4000 Households 400000 households 4,741,920 32 Geothermal 1175 MW 3267 MW 17,110,821.02 10.84

3 Microhydro 411.67 kW 8000 kW 41,899.78 0.27

4 Solar cell 2561 households 200 MW 1,047,494.40 0.67

5 Kemiri Sunan - 1.2 million kiloliter / year 7,784,520.00 4.93

6

Other Type of

Bioenergy 1000 households 1 million households 11,655,000 7.38

Total 42,381,655 27.09

Source: Wangsaatmaja et al (2013)





West Java Regional Action Plan onMitigation of Green House Gases

• Governor Decree Number 56/2012

• Biogas utilization (2013-20200 emisions

decrease: 0.34 million ton CO2 eq



L I P I Benefits from biogas

Energy supply

Agricultural development

Waste managementClimate change mitigation




Energy Supply The main focus of biogas development in

West Java is to provide energy for cookingand lighting at night

The use of biogas in rural areas of WestJava reduces effectively the use of woodfuel, LPG stove and kerosene stove.

Biogas can help in reducing the needs andexpenses of commercial fuels.




Agricultural development Biogas has other potential through

utilization of its wastes (bioslurry) intofertilizer.

the use of bioslurry as organic fertilizer willreduce the dependence of farmers onchemical fertilizers improve the qualityof the soil that has been degraded due tothe use of chemical fertilizers

The management and utilization of organicfertilizer bioslurry is giving economic profit




Waste management Biogas is one of the solutions to reduce

pollution in upstream and downstream oftwo main river in West Java, CikapundungRiver and Citarum River

Previously, efforts were made by makingthe trapping wells in the area near the riverupstream to prevent cattle waste into ariver. However, these efforts are notoptimal in preventing pollution.



L I P I




Climate change mitigation The livestock sector is one of the main causes

of global warming

Biogas utilization (2013-20200) emisionsdecrease: 0.34 million ton CO2 eq

The integrated utilization of biogas withbiogas waste (bioslurry) has helped in

realizing the diversified ecological sustainabledevelopment of agriculture in the region, andpromoting the development of low-carboncircular economy.



L I P I Challenges of biogas development

Financing of biogas is most often found in biogasdevelopment in West Java

The low usage and utilization of bioslurry are a major

challenge for all biogas development stakeholders inWest Java.

Institutional barriers lead to poor coordination amonggovernment agencies and other stakeholders

The lack of effective policy

Public support is essential in the promotion ofbiogas.



L I P I



L I P I Conlusions

The development of biogas technology becomes animportant part to support rural development and plays asan essential component of a sustainable energy strategyin West Java, Indonesia.

Many parties are involved in the development of biogassuch as central and local governments, universities,NGOs and the private sectors.

In spite of providing a clean and modern energy, biogas

becomes a tool to prevent pollution in some riversupstream in West Java, to improve the quality ofagriculture through bio-slurry fertilizer and also as ameans of mitigating climate change due to greenhousegas emissions generated by the agricultural sector.



@purnamaalamsyah

regional biogas development in west java, indonesia.pdf

Documents