regional innovation systems: theory and research = … arc 10-12 se… · regional innovation...
TRANSCRIPT
Regional Innovation Systems: Theory and Research = Action
Phil CookeCentre for Advanced Studies
Cardiff University
What Is An Innovation System?
• Set of Nodes in Innovation Chains• Systemic, Interactive Linkages• Knowledge Generation Firms & Institutions• Knowledge Exploitation Firms• Soft Infrastructure• Financing• Commercialisation and Marketing• Feedback and Policy Support
Regional Innovation Systems• Knowledge Generation & Exploitation Sub-systems• Organisational, process, product innovation• Radical, disruptive, recombination, incremental• Boundary-crossing problems identified• New institutions may be introduced or old ones re-
shaped• Participation by communities may occur where
concerns are shared e.g. food quality; climate change; jobs/skills for the future…….
• Cross-sectoral knowledge transfer opportunities e.g.‘lean university’; artificial joints from aerospace
Innovation System Methodology
• Identify Strong Sectors/Candidate Clusters• Investigate Regional Clusters• Identify Competitive Advantage• Identify Innovation Practices• Cooperative or Individualistic?• Innovation Support System
Innovation Support Organisations
• Audit of Regional Support Organisations• Examine Their Performance in
Technology, Governance, Training and Finance
• Innovation and Technological Environment• Specific Cooperation Relationships
Governance & Policy
• Multi-level Relationships• Regional Innovation System Potential?• Vision & Specific Organisation• Barriers & Change Agents• Future Growth/Sustainability Needs &
Prospects• Type of Innovation System• More ‘Entrepreneurial’ or ‘Social Market’?
Skåne Food Cluster • A regional agro-food innovation network established in Skåne in
1994 .A research-technology led governance structure,– Functional, Conventional– Organic foods excludedMethodology – main focus on functional food – Integration of Engineering (food technology), Nutrition,
Functional Foods etc.• High focus on future ’food-health’ markets BUT• Exclusion of Malmö ‘Food & Environment’ programme (100%
organic shool meals by 2012)• Neglect of Copenhagen’s Dogme (75% organic food in all municipal
kitchens by 2009)• 80% Sweden’s food market ‘institutional’; 20% private consumption
• Academe-biotechnology push too pronounced– research-industry, research-market gaps & inwardly focused
• Imbalance in governance– Local authority yet to fully integrate– Only 33% of Skåne agro-food firms engaged– Most are, large, conventional ‘cook-chill’ firms
• Exclusion of Organic Food Interests– Despite its fast market growth, big local ‘institutional’ markets (&
interaction with aspects of S&T e.g. breeding, genetic selection)• Better external Branding needed
– Slow opening out internationally, e.g. Mona Carota– International Food & Health Conference initiative commendable
Skåne Food Cluster: aspects for reflection
Finland: Lahti Region – Furniture to Nano
• The key aim is to explore market potentials of regional assets and capabilities,
• These explorations define regional development platforms in conceptual terms.
• Regional development platforms are asset configurations evolved from path dependencies aimed at examining and exploiting market potential,
• Regional platform actors include firms, intermediaries, knowledge centres, research, cultural and talent formation organisations,
• Regional platforms comprise industry and knowledge in context of techno-economic paradigm change or ‘global megatrends’ relevant to the specific region.
• Lahti RDPM model very advanced, expert panels, leadership, envisioning, new platforms
Lahti’s Nanotechnologies – from atom slices to bacteria & DNA
Lahti Regional Development Platform Method
• Seeking to construct regional advantage• After traditional furniture industry decline• Expert envisioning panels• Outside experts• Nanotechnologies for environmental and
healthcare platforms• Platforms link from Corn-Food-Biofuels-
Health-Sport-Environment Platform
Denmark - Aalborg: a Learning Approach
• Technical University – 1974• Wireless Radio (Mobile Telephone GSM
Infrastructure) FDI buys in• 2002 Wireless (3G-5G) applications. More FDI
buy-in, TI, Bellsouth, Motorola, Nokia• $100 million Community Cluster programme• Healthcare applications; e-Learning applications;
e-administration applications• Learning from Community (RILS)
NOVI Science Park, Aalborg
NorCOM
North Jutland Art-Food• Danish Culinary Institute, Aalborg• House of Taste – N. Jutland
– Training– Consultancy– Product Development
• Thisted, Lønstrup, Skagen – receptive to creative platform ideas
• Cuisine Courses in farm estates• Coastal Conservation Projects• Organic Farming-Ecological Farming• Women-Health-Food Network• Tourism – Skagen, Lokken, Lønstrup• Agro-Food Institute
Rogaland-Stavanger Culinary Innovation Platform
AquacultureResearch
Gastronomisk Institutt
‘Meat and Drink Arena’
University of StavangerHospitality and Tourism Management
Research on Omega 3 Food Enrichment
Regional, National and Global Supplier Industries (e.g. Horticulture, Organic Seafood and Meat, Non-organic Food, Ceramics, Wine, Beer and Spirits, Equity Finance, Culinary Law and Logistics, Chilling and Freezing, Restaurant Design)
Food Science Training Food High School Training
Government of Norway
Innovation NorwayRegions and Counties
Gourmet Chefs, Sommeliers & Waiters
Bocuse D’Or European Cuisine Championships, “Buffet”Chef, “Young Chefs” Competitions, “Green Fair, Gladmat, Food & Wine Festivals
Gourmet Restaurants ”Fusion” Restaurants Etc.
Stavanger-Rogaland ”Norway’s Finest Culinary Cluster”
RELATED VARIETY PLATFORM: Forestry Diversification
FORESTRY
Information TechnologySensors, measuring & controlComputational intelligence, simulation and machine visionMultimedia and telecommunicationTomography
Manufacturing TechnologyForestry machinesProcess & production machineryMaterials technology
FOREST INDUSTRYPulp & Paper TechnologyWood Products IndustryMachines, Machinery & Processes
Construction &
W
ood technologyW
ood modifying
Construction/archit
ectureLogistics,assem
bly
MarketsQualityPriceEnviron-mental
BiotechnologyEnzymesRot protectionGene technology
Chemical TechnologyBleachingSurface treatmentPigments, adhesives
Energy & Environ-
Mental Technology
Biofuels
Com
bustion Energy
savingEm
issions
Technology
Knowledge Base, Innovation System & Platform
Fig. 11: Conceptual Model Linking the Knowledge Base, the Innovation System and a Stylised Bio-Industrial Platform with Platform Policies (e.g. Combination of Training, Innovation, Environmental, Marketing, etc)
Scientific & Technological Knowledge Base, Research Centres of Excellence, Talent Formation of Industrial and Social Relevance
Biosciences
Chemistry
Physics
Engineering
Which One(s)....and Which Combinations? Which are Strong, which are Weak in the Region?
Related Variety Industry Platform
National & Regional Platform Policies
Knowledge Exploitation
National & Regional Innovation Systems
Knowledge Exploration
Petrochemicals>Biologics Plastics > Bioplastics Biopharmaceuticals & Medical
Conclusions• Construct/Reconstruct Regional Knowledge
Generation/Exploitation System• RIS Produces Regional Knowledge Flows
Linkages• Regional Knowledge Interactions Learn
External & Help Produce Internal Innovation• Global Drivers e.g. Sustainability, Climate
Change Regulation May Encourage Popular Participation?
• Smarter, Deeper ‘Knowledge Flows’ Measures help ‘Construct Advantage’ for the region