regional laboratories dr. heidelore fiedler unep chemicals branch, dtie 11-13, chemin des anémones...

Regional Laboratories


Dr. Heidelore FiedlerUNEP Chemicals Branch, DTIE

11-13, chemin des AnémonesCH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), SwitzerlandE-mail: [email protected]


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Stockholm Convention entered into force on 17 May 2004;Today it has 153 Parties and 152 signatories


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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)Chemical Parent POPs Transformation productsAldrin aldrinChlordane cis- and trans-chlordane cis- and trans-nonachlor,

oxychlordaneDDT 4,4’-DDT, 2,4’-DDT 4,4’-DDE, 2,4’-DDE,

4,4’-DDD, 2,4’-DDDDieldrin dieldrinEndrin endrinHCB HCBHeptachlor heptachlor -heptachlorepoxideMirex mirexPCB ΣPCB7 (7 congeners: 28, 52, 101,

118, 138, 153, and 180)PCB with TEFs* (12 congeners): 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189

PCDD/PCDF 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF (17 congeners)Toxaphene congeners P26, P50, P62


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Candidate POPs – Present StatusCandidate POPs – Present StatusAfter risk management evaluations adopted and recommendation to include:Chlordecone Annex A without specific exemptionsHexabromobiphenyl Annex A without specific exemptions-HCH, lindane Annex Ac-pentaBDE Annex A with BDE-47 and BDE-99 as markers for

enforcement purposesPFOS/PFOSF salts Annex A or B specifying the related control measures-HCH Adopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation-HCH Adopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluationc-octaBDE Adopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluation

and invites for further information on nona-BDE to complement risk profile (includes debromination)

Pentachlorobenzene Adopts risk profile and invites risk management evaluationSCCP Information currently available insufficient to support risk

profile; invites for additional toxicity and ecotoxicity dataNewly proposedEndosulfane Considerations suspended until POPRC-4 (Oct 2008)


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Global Monitoring Global Monitoring

of POPs (GMP)of POPs (GMP) • Guidelines developed and

approved;• 3 Core matrices: ambient air,

human breast milk, human blood;

• Regional Organization Groups report for COP-4 (May 2009);

• GEF projects under development;

• SAICM QSP projects.


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Regional Groups (Regional Groups (Global TeamGlobal Team))• Africa:

Congo (Rep of), Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Morocco, Tanzania;

• Asia:China, Fiji, India, Japan, Qatar, Syria;

• Central and Eastern Europe:Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovak Republic;

• Group of Latin America and Caribbean:Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico (Ana Patricia Martínez Bolívar);Western European and Other Groups:Australia, Canada (Tom Harner), Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden


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Convention-driven Country NeedsConvention-driven Country Needs• Effectiveness evaluation = Monitoring of all 12 POPs

mothers’ milk, human blood, and air Tier for: GMP basic POPs Tier for: GMP dioxin-like POPs

• Performance levels of PCDD/PCDF in stack emissions associated with BAT: 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.5 ng TEQ/Nm³ Tier for: BAT/BEP – PCDD/PCDF

• Limit values for ”low POP content” in waste:50 mg/kg for 10 intentional POPs15 g TEQ/kg for PCDD/PCDF Tier for: Low POP content – basic POPs Tier for: Low POP content – PCB Tier for: Low POP content – PCDD/PCDF


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http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/laboratory/default.htm


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UNEP/GEF Project on POPs AnalysisUNEP/GEF Project on POPs Analysis

Annex in SC GMP Guidance


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http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/laboratory/default.htm


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Regional Distribution of POPs LabsRegional Distribution of POPs Labs

Region Number of POPs Laboratories

Africa 38

Asia-Pacific 38

Central and Eastern Europe 55

Group of Latin America and Caribbean 46

Western European and Other Groups 21

Total in Databank 198


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Overview on POPs Analyzed in 198 LabsOverview on POPs Analyzed in 198 Labs

Frequently Less Frequently

POP No of Labs POP No of Labs

DDT 151 PCDD/PCDF 55

HCB 145 (GRULAC 4)

Heptachlor 144 dl-PCB 72

PCB 143 (GRULAC 6)

-drins 121 Mirex 75

Chlordane 116 Toxaphene 90


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GroupingGrouping• Basic POPs:

Aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, HCB, mirex, toxaphene, PCB

• Dioxin-like POPs:PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like PCB

• GMP matrices:Ambient air, mother’s milk, human blood

• Matrices for ”low POP content”:Soil, sediment, residue, product


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General Tier AssignmentGeneral Tier AssignmentIn GMP document named “laboratory instrumentation level”:Tier Instrumentation Analytes(1) HRGC/HRMS PCDD/PCDF, all PCB

(= golden standard) All OCPs(2) HRGC/LRMS or PCB,

HRGC with MS/MS PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB (at higher concentrations)

Toxaphene if NCI(3) HRGC/ECD Indicator PCB, OCPs

Except for toxaphene(9) HPLC or packed columns Not adequate

with ECD, LRMS; or for POPs analysisHRGC/FID


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Scoring SystemScoring System1. General Tier assigned according to instrumentation2. Tier scores composed of:

- 20% if accreditation according to ISO 17025- 30% if >50 samples analyzed annually (relevant group of sample matrices)- 50% if successful participation in relevant intercalibration study during last 3 years (preferably annual participation)

Note: There are no intercalibration studies for PCB in transformer oils and no for stack emissions Maximum score = 50 %.


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Tier Requirements per MatrixTier Requirements per MatrixPOP Matrix TierPOPs pesticides: Abiotic Labs at Tiers 1, 2, 3

Biota Labs at Tiers 1, 2, 3 Toxaphene: Biota Labs at Tiers 1, 2

(low contamination)

PCB Abiotic Labs at Tiers 1, 2, 3Biota Labs at Tiers 1, 2, 3Biota Labs a Tiers 1,2 (low contamination, e.g., blood)

dl-PCB Abiotic Labs at Tiers 1, 2Biota Labs at Tier 1, 2

PCDD/PCDF Abiotic Labs at Tiers 1, 2(except ambient air)

Biota Labs at Tier 1 (2)Stack emissions Labs at Tier 1


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GMP TiersGMP TiersAmbient air: POPs pesticides Tiers 1, 2, 3 (not toxaphene) PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCB Tier 1 Int. intercalibration NILUHuman exposure – Mothers’ milk: POPs pesticides Tiers 1, 2, 3 (not toxaphene) PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCB Tier 1 Int. intercalibration CEAEQ, QUASIMEME, FAPAS,

FIOHHuman exposure – Human blood: POPs pesticides Tiers 1, 2 PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCB Tier 1 Int. intercalibration WHO mothers’ milk study

Food/feed, e.g., FIOH, FAPAS


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Scoring SystemScoring System1. General Tier assigned according to instrumentation

Tier 1 = HRGC/HRMS,Tier 2 = HRGC/LRMS or HRGC/MS-MS Tier 3 = HRGC/ECDTier 9 = no adequate instrumentation

2. Tier scores composed of:- 20% if accreditation according to ISO 17025- 30% if >50 samples analyzed annually (relevant group of sample matrices)- 50% if successful participation in relevant intercalibration study during last 3 years (preferably annual participation)


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Overview on Tier Assignment (198 Labs)Overview on Tier Assignment (198 Labs)

Tier Classification All GRULAC Tier 1-2-3-9

GMP-basic POPs 105 12 1-3-7-1

GMP-dl-POPs 55 3 1-1-1-

BAT/BEP 43 3 1-2- -

Low POP-basic POPs 120 13 1-3-8-1

Low POP-PCDD/PCDF 46 3 1-2- -

Low POP-PCB 66 7 1-0-6


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GMP Basic POPs - GRULACGMP Basic POPs - GRULAC


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Canada - USA


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Pilot Labs in UNEP/GEF ProjectPilot Labs in UNEP/GEF ProjectCountry Institute/Department Organization Hosting institution Tier Assignment

(Instrumentation) Major Analytes and Matrices (Indicative)

China Dioxin Laboratory Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences

Academic NGO, Academy of Science

Tier 1: HRGC-HRMS (He) [HRGC-LRMS, HRGC-ECD]

PCDD/PCDF, dl-PCB in abiotic matrices

Ecotoxicological Laboratory

Ecuadorian Commission for Atomic Energy (CEEA)

Government, Presidency Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (He)

Basic POPs in sediments and fish

Ecuador

Pesticides Laboratory

Ecuadorian Service for Agriculture (SESA)

Government, Min. Agriculture

Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (N2) [HRGC-LRMS (He)]

Basic POPs in sediments and fish

Fiji Institute of Applied Sciences (IAS)

University of the South Pacific Academic NGO, University

Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (2) (N2)

Basic POPs in sediments and food

Kenya Dept. of Chemistry University of Nairobi (UoN) Academic NGO, University

Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (N2)

Basic POPs in sediments and food

Lab. of Sanitary Chemical Researches

National Scientific and Applied Centre for Preventive Medicine (NSACPM)

Government, Min. Health Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (N2) [HRGC-LRMS]

Basic POPs in food and human matrices

Moldova

Center on Soil Quality Monitoring (CSQM)

State Hydrometeorological Service

Government, Min. Environment

Tier 3: HRGC-ECD (2) (He, N2)

Basic POPs in soil

Uruguay Dept. of Chromato-graphy and Mass Spectrometry for Food&Environment

Technological Laboratory of Uruguay (LATU)

Public Institute Tier 2: HRGC-MSD (He) and Tier 3 HRGC-ECD (2) HRGC-ECD (He)

Basic POPs in abiotic matrices

Vietnam Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry

Vietnam-Russian Tropical Center (VRTC)

Government, Min. Defense

Tier 2: HRGC-MSD (He) [HRGC-ECD (N2)]

PCDD/PCDF in abiotic matrices


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Thank you very much for the invitation andfor your attention !

regional laboratories dr. heidelore fiedler unep chemicals branch, dtie 11-13, chemin des anémones...

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