regional organizations and sanctions against members: explaining the different trajectories of the...

8/13/2019 Regional Organizations and Sanctions Against Members: Explaining the Different Trajectories of the African Union,

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Regional Organizations and SanctionsAgainst MembersEx h D T j f hAf U , h L f A S , hA f S h A N

E H q

N . 59 | J 2014

W O R K I N G PA P E R


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2 | KFG Working Paper No. 59 | January 2014

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe Th T f v P w f Eu p

Th KFG W P S v h h f h K -F h h v . I h x h w h x h x E h E U .

A KFG W P v h KFG w www. f . v f - @f - . .

C h f h : E H q

E : A B h F B h

H q , E 2014: R O S A M Ex h D T j f h

Af U , h L f A S , h A f S h A N , KFG W P S , N .59, J 2014, K -F h (KFG) Th T f v P w f E , F U v B .

ISSN 1868-6834 (P )ISSN 1868-7601 (I )

Th h f h G R h F (DFG).

F U v B

K -F h

Th T f v P w f E :

Th E U h D f I

Ih . 26

14195 B

G

Ph : +49 (0)30- 838 57033

F x: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

f - @f - .

www. f .


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Regional Organizations and Sanctions Against Members | 3

Regional Organizationsand Sanctions Against Members

Exp h D T j f h Af U , hL u f A S , h A f S u h AN

E H qu

A

Th O f Af U (OAU), h L f A S (A L ), h A f

S h A N (ASEAN) w h - j w h h x f

h v v f x f . Y , h h

f h v w h j . Th w

h v h v f -

v v h f . A h h f -

f w h : h OAU h h S h Af ,

ASEAN h V W , h A L h f h f I . Th

h h f h h h w h h

f v v .

Th Au h

E H q h PhD f h E

U v I (EUI) F . B w O 2012

S 2013 h w f w h K -F h (KFG) Th T f v P w f E ,

F U v B . E h f h-

. I 2013 h w w 3-

v h f h Sw h R h C

v wh h h

v . Th j w M 2014

-h h KFG B S h U v .

C : .h q @ .


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Contents

1. I 5

2. R O S Wh Sh W C ? 7

3. Th R A h S 10

3.1 African Union 123.2 Arab League 153.3 ASEAN 17

4. B h R 19

4.1 Apartheid, Sanc ons, and Pan-Africanism 204.2 The Boyco of Israel and Arab Na onalism 234.3 Vietnam and the Origins of the ASEAN Way 28

5. F P P : L f Th (+ 2) R 31

R f 38


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6/46


h f f f h h h . Th

OAU f f h h Af h h

f Af . Th A L w h

f h f A h v v fh P -A v . ASEAN h h f v wh h

v h v . I q , f P -

Af , P -A

h v , h ASEAN w v f h

. C h w h v h

f h f - f , wh v .

P h f , h h f h . Th

f h x h w h h w h

h regional problems h w f w h . A h f

f w h : h OAU h h S h Af , ASEAN h

V W V v f C /K h (h C ), h A

L h f h f I . C h h w h

, h h w h f

h . I h , h w h h f h w -

h . M v , h : f

h f S h Af , - h f I ,

w h f V . N f h j h

w f h OAU, ASEAN, h A L h . Y , h w

within h f h h . Th w h w h

h f v x x f h h

h .

P -Af f Af - v w f h OAU - -

h - . Th v h f f h

f Af , h v f h

f h AU. I h f h A L , -A v f

f - , h v I P h A h . Th x f f v w h

f h ( f - ) x f h L . A

h Af x , h A f h f h h f

. F , ASEAN h V W V v f C -

f h f - , f wh h h f - -

f h f . Ev f ASEAN v w

f w h E x , h f- ASEAN w

h h f . I , h h h -C

W h h v .


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Th f h w f . I h , I x wh

h v f f v w f v .

Th h h f h h h

h . H , I f h AUautoma c f h f v-, h A L excep onal L S , ASEANcri que f

B /M . Th , h f h , h v

h f h f h f v . Th

h h x f -h , w x v

v w, h h h w . Th h h

f h , f f h.

2. R O S Why Sh u W C ?

T f h f v h f h :

h f f , w h

h f , w h h - f

First , f wh h h wh -

x f h v f h v f

. Wh h h w v h -

h f h h f v

h h ( P f 1954; W x 1965). H w v , h f w

v h f h , f

h f w h q .

A f v w f x -

f h w . O h h ,

h - , . ., f , v -

f (D x 1980: 485; Wh /A 2010) h v f v ,

, x (D x 2000: 16). O h h h , f ,. ., f , h h h v f

h , ( ) , w w f x . A x P f

(1954: 204), f wh h h h

v . Th j f v f wh h .

H w v , f h h v v f h v

h . F

, , f h h v h -

. If f f -

v , wh h v , h f

. I , h h w h

f . O h , f h v h


8/46


h , h h

v . Th w h f f v

f h v f

v v .

Second , w f h h f h f h

h v v -

- . B w [ ]h h h f h

(B /H 2003: 173; B 2012: 25). R w h -

h , ( ) v (F w 2004).

Th v f h h f h

U N (UN) w f v w h . Th h f

v , wh h x h h w f

v h f h , x f h h

x f .

Wh w f f , h v -

v h h f v f h . Th

h w w h v h . 2 B w, h

f x f h w

v --v / h . B h v , v h

v w h v h f h v . H , v

w v w h , x h w f

h v v - x h . Th f -

v h x f wh h h

h ( H q 2012). M v , h h

h f . O h , v v h v

h h h - h f h ( . ., ASEAN h ). Th

wh h f h , , f

approaches .

A h w f (CD ) w f (Oxf D ) w h h f

, h h f. H ,

f h w f h w h

h q . Th h h

j x h . I

h , w wh h h

members f .

2 Th EU, h AU, h A L , h E C f W Af S (ECOWAS), h S h AfD v C (SADC), h C w h f N , h U f S h A N , hO f A S (OAS) h v h v f

h v f , v h .


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Th AU f h f v h A L

f f w h h h w h -

f - f .B f h f h C W ,

x , v f v w h . Thf w f w v v domes c

v h h . Th O f A

S f f C 1962 h , 3 wh h A L E ,

w h h f w I .

M v , w h h x f h A L I - h , h -

v h f h w .4

H w v , h h h w h w f w h

- that were considered part of the region h x wh h -C W h

v . M , f h v f

h h f (ASEAN), x (OAU/AU), w (A L ). I h

h h -C W h f - f , v

f h .

Third , h w f - . I , W h

(2012: 653) h [w ] w v h EU h -

wh h . F v h

f -E j , h E x h f f f

wh (B /H 2003: 176; f. D L et al 2010). H ,

h h E x f

f h EU (B /H , 2003: 176; M 2011: 113; W h 2012). I , [ ]h

f h EU h f

w h f , B H (2003: 176). B f h Af ,

S h-E A , A h , h h h E -

f h (B 2012: 256). N (2008: 424) : ASEAN h v E

U . P - . Wh h - f h

AU h v EU- , f (H q 2012: Ch 6-7). F , h

A L w f f E -w h h h v h E x f . B h h f h

w h , h h w f h EU h h .

3 Th f C w j h f v f x w h h h (O f A S 1962: 294-295).

4 A I - w h h A L f xw h . Th w h h EU f , wh h f

E h v h h f h h ( P 2010; G 2011; H q 2012).


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3. Th R App h S

R v f h w v

j f x v . Th h f v h h h f h C W h .5

I h f h f - f , wh h h , f v ,

f h w h , , h v f . H w v ,

h h , w h , h

v w h h . Th w h v f h : h

v h f h AU, h A L , ASEAN.

A h f ,6 h h f h h v

h h v h f h f

. A h - j h A L 1945,7 h OAU 1963,8

ASEAN 1967,9 h h j v . Th h f

v - f h h ,regardless of regime type ,

f w f h j v . I h v , h v -w - h f

h h f x v . Y , h v w h

x f f h h h

h h v h v v w h .

Th f h wh h h h f h f - f

. F h AU, f - h v -

h f v w h f Af wh h OAU

f h AU 2002. 10 D f h OAU x , h w h v

5 Th f h f . A UN h v h f h C W (C h /L 2000; H . 2007).

I q , h h v h .

6 Th h h w h , f wh h 16 w h f h C W (B 2011: 11).

7 Th A L w f E , I q, T j (J f 1946), L , S , S A .A , h 22 : A , B h , C , Dj , E , I q, J , K w , L , L ,M , M , O , P , Q , S A , S , S , S ( h hS NC ), T , U A E , Y .

8 Th OAU w f 37 Af . A , h AU f 54 (Af x f M , wh h w w h w 1984 f h AU

f W S h ). M j w h h AU w .

9 ASEAN w f I , M , Ph , S , Th . I h x : B D , V N , L , M , C . E T h f

h M h 2011 w h S h A j h A .

10 Th OAU h AU h h f h AU w h f h OAU. Th h , h h h . M v , h AU

v v f h OAU, j h h h f 50h v . H , h f f h OAU h AU v h w ,

h h h E f h EEC h EC h EU.


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f . H w v , Af B 1996

( K 2003: 821; W h h 2005: 126) v f h h

f h AU . F h A L , h h , wh h -

L S 2011. Th w h wh hh v within the borders f .

H , h f w, w

h A w h I . Of h h , ASEAN j f w

h . H w v , h

f B /M , f 1988 201211 h

h h h . R h f - f w h

f h ASEAN Ch , wh h f 2008.

Wh , h v f f f h f x

f , h f h f h C W ,

w . H w v , h q v v

h h h f f h

(B /H 2003: 174-176). Th v f h . Th

A L , h AU, ASEAN h v v h w v f v .

H , h AU w v v , f wh h

h f v v . O h h h , h

j v h h f h - Af . ASEAN h

v h (ASEAN 2008 ).

F h ASEAN v , f h h v h h f

v - f . Th A L h ,

v v

wh j f x ( . ., I /P ; G f W ; A

S ). H , h h f ,

q v j . Th v h T 1 w.

11 B 2013 , , EU U.S. B /M h v h .


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Wh h h h P S C (Af

U 2002), h L D f 2000 h f w f

h f v (O f Af U 2000 ).13 Th L D w

-AU, wh h OAU w - - , h wh h AU C v A w (OAU 36h S ; U 2002: 816). I h f h

AU f , w h h Af Ch E , D

G v F 2012 (Af U 2007).14

S x v h f v , h

h f , h v h q

h wh () h f , , f-

f , v , f wh h h f h -

[ . ] q (P S C f h Af U 2009, 2010 , 2010 ).

Th AU f j f h f G v , , ,

f E (Af U 2009 ; P S C f h Af U 2010 ).

Th w - h f v

f f . H w v , h

v . I , h f h fchange w h

f v f v h .

AU h f v f -

f w h h (P S C f h Af U

2009: 19). Th AU , h f,

f Af h w , h wh j -

v h (Af U 2009 ). Th , h AU f,

h f h x . Th f w f Af

j f h f h w q h

f h f v (B /S 2003: 43). Th AU

w h f E , T , L h A S

h v f w h h.15 Th U h

13 I f , h f h AU h f h ( v w w hP S C O , A A , D 11, 2010, w h P S DO , A A , D 20, 2010). A 23:2 f h AU C v A w h f h f

w f h f h AU A h f w h h

f h U (O f Af U 2000 ). Th v f x v f , f h v v ( ), h h (M v /N 2002: 423). Y ,

v w h AU (A A , D 2010) w w f - h .

14 Th Ch h h f - w (Af U 2007). Th , h f f h Ch (F 15, 2012) h h h h AU .

15 H w v , AU h f L h h h UN S C (UNSC) R 1970. M v , h h Af - f h UNSC (G , N , S h Af ) v f R 1973, wh h h - h L (UN S C 2011).


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w v . Th w h h f h -

: h h f x v .

Th f E f h AU J 2013 h f h . Th - v -h w f P M v v wh wh h h x , , v ( . ., A D 2013; B 2013; E /V

2013; K 2013; M 2013; S h 2013; T h 2013; V 2013; Z /S 2013). Th

AU P S C v h . I f J 5h h h v -

h w f h P f h v v f h E

C , h f , f h f h f G v .

A , h C h f E h AU v h -

f (P S C f h Af U 2013). D

h M v h f -v - -

h v f h AU ( W E 2013). Th AU q

w q . Th EU, h UN, h U.S. w h

h v (A D 2013).

Th E f x f h w

v . A w : h AU -

h f v , h w f , -

. A h , h f E x h h v f h AU

h: h j v , w h h f h h ,16

wh ( - ) wh . I A ,D M h

D , f Dj f h AU E , h h

w (M 2013). H w v , v w f v f h h- v ,

f h f h w E , h h

h N v 2013.

I , h AU f h f - h x f

h h . I h f v h

h h h AU h w

v h ( v w w h h h h P S D , h P S C , h D f P A , A A , D 2010). H w v , h

- f v f h f v f h

Af .

16 S v v v f h , . Af -A , h h h v . F w h f h f -M w j f h h f h M

B h h , f h v .


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3.2 Arab League

I h AU, h v A L v /

L S w h . I h h h hL w w h S . Th

L h w f vcon ned within their domes c terri-

torial borders w h f h .

S 1995, B h A h v v v h -

(B 1995: 495). Th h v -f f A , h L

h w h h f - f h f h

(B 1995: 482). H w v , h v f h h , h f

, h f h h L w h h . Th

h w h h f h L w

, h h w - w h -

(M -W 2012: 71). M v , x f v f h , h L -

w v S L h h f h x

f .17 Th h A L f f h f h

w v w h v

h (P 2012: 5). A P (2012: 2), EU S

w h q f h L f A S .18

Th f v h 18h f h P f h L f

h A S , h f f h A L : Th C f h L

S h f h f h P x f h L ,

v f h S x h S f .19 I h f

x h P (Kh 1946: 769). Th h

h A S , E 1979 ( 4.2 f h ). Wh h L

L F 22, 2011, w h v x f h

h w h w (M -W 2012: 73). L

h q f h , h L w f h ,

v h h h h UNSC - - q v L .20 Th x f w N v 12, 2011. A h f v-

17 I , H f J (2012) h h L v S w h h . Th h h L h v f f h (2012: 134-135). Wh h h f

f h h , v f h fL AU/A L , h h f q h f h A

( M -W 2012: 76)

18 I h T h w h h L f w (P 2012: 5).

19 L S w v h h h f q f w h .

20 A H f J (2012: 134), h L w v Ch R


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, h L S h f- h f h A w f v

(M -W 2012; A A w h AFP 2013). W h 18 -v , w -v (L Y ),

(I q), h L w h (B /Sh 2011). Th -

S f w h f w h h L f h v , f , w h w h f h , f j ,

w h h h f h L .21 I N v D ,

w f f w , v - f S , f f S ,

f w h S (M -W 2012).

Th w h S w j h rhetorical v f A

. Th Q , Sh h H J J M h A Th , -

h f S h f f h

(B /Sh 2011). The Guardian q M h S , S - -

C h f h , h [ ]f A h , h

h , [w] h ; v h (B /Sh

2011). A A . I h h , w S h

A h v A , f

v f [ ] S , A (M -W 2012: 77; A A w h

AFP 2013). F w h , [ ] S f h A L h h h

A (M -W 2012: 77). Wh h P -A

f h A L , w .

B h h P -A h f f f wh h f h

f L S h G f h h -h

h v h v h f . W w h 4.2 f

h , h w h f v P -A h v h

w A h . I f f I , h O h

x f A f , w j h h f h -

A - wh h P w . Y , h v

h f . H , h x f v v

h f P -A f w A .

h v UNSC R . 1970 1973. Th L f v f R2P- h (H f /J 2012: 134). M -W (2012: 74) h L f f h UNSC w h 1990 S H , h v v A -

f W v q h .

21 I D 2011, S w A , f 165 , f w h h q (M -W 2012: 76). Th w h

, , . A w M , A , h f h h f h (P 2012). I w J 2012

h f v (BBC N w M E 2012). D f h f f h ,h G f C C (GCC) h w h w h v , v h f v

w 110 (BBC N w M E 2012).


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3.3 ASEAN

I f f v f ASEAN,

f h f x f h -. Y , ASEAN h h h ,

h h h w (P -K

1977: 764; N 2002: 5). Th ASEAN Ch , wh h f 2008, h

- w f A . Th f Ch w

1974 h Ph f h h f f

ASEAN (ASEAN 1974). S v v h h Ch h w v 34 ,

h h E U (EU) (Hw 2008: 92; W h 2012). W h

h h Ch EU- . T h w h h V 2020

(ASEAN 1997 ) h P S B 22 (ASEAN 2009), h ASEAN Ch (ASEAN 2008 )

h f - h h w

h v (ASEAN 2012). H w v , f h

h f h . Th , h f Th E

P G (EPG),23 wh h h Ch , f :

ASEAN should have the power to take measures to redress cases of serious breach of ASEANs objec ves,

major principles, and commitments to important agreements. Failure to comply with decisions of the

dispute se lement mechanisms should be referred to the ASEAN Council. Such measures may include

suspension of any of the rights and privileges of membership. Unless otherwise decided by the ASEAN

Council in excep onal circumstances, there shall be no recourse to expulsion of membership (ASEAN

2006: 4).

H w v , h w j ASEAN v (N 2008: 422),

v ASEAN h (B /G 2012). A f h - -

f h v v f w (N 2008: 419).24

N , h EPG f h h f - f

f h f h h v h h v h ASEAN

h . I , h f [ ] v h h A F C , h SARS -

h A f 2004 h h f (ASEAN 2006:13; F 2005: 1806; N 2008: 420).

I f w , h ASEAN h

f B /M . A , A

22 Th h f f h h f f ASEAN C : h ASEAN P -SC (APSC) (ASEAN 2009).

23 Th EPG w f v f h f h ( f

, (ASEAN )).24 M (1997: 211-212), h h h , S , M , I h v -

v h h h f h W .


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(w h h x f J S h K ) h v h

w h h B (P 2008: 63). B j , ASEAN

h (K 2006: 842-843; P 2008: 32; V /

P 2013: 205). Th j h w h w j - f x f h f h ASEAN w (A h

2009: 129). F h , B /M w

ASEAN f h , h h (A h 2009: 132).

ASEAN j f h f v w h v

h f (N 2008: 418). I h w v wh h

h v w f w h h f h h

h (P 2008: 67; J 2012), , , f f

f h (A h 2009: 133). A h v h B /M

2009, v h f f . ASEAN f f

h , S -G S P w h f v

h h . O h v h j w

(B /G 2012).

H w v , h q f w v h wh ,

h f h w v h h (H 2008). A f-

ASEAN, A h (2009: 133), v h h [ASEAN]

wh w , wh w . H , h f B /M

f ASEAN 1997 w h Ph h v f B /

M h UN S C (P 2008: 63). M v ,

h ASEAN h v f v f h h h v (K

2006: 836, 839; P 2008). 25 O h h h , S V

, h w w x f j (H

2008: 360).

T , v f w , h v ASEAN

v h f . I f w h

Ch h f h f - -f S h A . Th f h ASEAN h h

q f B /M . F w h f v f h ,

h v w. Wh v f h

h v h f v h , B G

(2012) h ASEAN f - v h v .

I q , h f ,

h A f- h ASEAN w .

25 A P (2008: 63), h f E U.S. .


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4. B k h R

T h h h f . Y , h f

h , f w h (P 2004). N h h f h h (F 2011: 368),

h f v h v w h h . N w f h

h v h h , h v w q v v

x f h .26 S h v h h f

h study f (B /H 2003) h h v v h -

f h v f (N 2008; R /J h 2008). H , w w h

h x h h h h f (F w 2004). M v ,

wh v , h h w h -

f / j

I h f w , h v h - -

h f h . Th v h

h w h w h v h f v v h

h f ( B /H 2003: 179 w h h

). O h , f h j

h f f v f j . A

K (1986: 66), v v v h v f

. H w v , h v h f h f h

. Th w h f v h

h v f h f w f v

. I , h h h h h wh v w

h wh v f .

26 B (2012: 255) w : Th w , , h -; , , , , h w ; -, -,

- - ; h ; v , x v , f v , v , , , v ; w v h hv ; N h, S h N h-S h ; f j

f w f h h h w h f h w I R . Th f h w f v . R h ,

v f h Af , A , S h A h x h wh f h .


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4.1 Apartheid, Sanc ons, and Pan-Africanism

We are determined to create a union of Africans. In a very real sense, our con nent is unmade; it s ll

awaits its crea on and its creators. It is our duty and privilege to rouse the slumbering giant of Africa,not to the na onalism of Europe of the nineteenth century, not to regional consciousness, but to the

vision of a single African brotherhood bending its united e orts toward the achievement of a greater

and nobler goal.

H S , E f E h

A h S C f f Af H f S , A A , 22 M 1963

Wh h OAU w f 1963, Af w v w C W

. Y , h Af h f h

q - (Th 2006: 71). A h v q , E H

S h h h h. Th h w

, . I h f P -Af , h h -

h - f x f h v

(M h 2005: 30; V 2010: 27). S h w h v

f h w h h f f , x v f - f

w h f w (V 2010: 27).

Th x f h OAU P -Af w j

h , f - f- (Th

2006: 71). A h f h , E h E H S (1963: 282) :

T , W h f h Af f

x h [ ] Af f . Wh h

AU h OAU 50h h M 2013, h h f P -Af h Af

R , h w f .27 Th Ch f h

AU C , N D Z (Af U C 2013: 3), h h w

h h -Af :

Five decades later the mission of the founding heroines and heroes, to rid the con nent of colonialism

and apartheid, has largely been ful lled. This was possible because of the Pan Africanist values of unityand solidarity.

A h h h h h v , h OAU -

v v h (O f Af U 1965, 1966; K 1995: 46).28 I

h OAU f h f h UN , h f

f f w h S h Af (Sh w 1976: 18). Th - h w

h h , wh h h h v h OAU f v x v h

27 Th wh f 2013 h h Y f P -Af h Af R .28 A h Af , h S h Af D v C (SADC) w v

x w h S h Af (F w 2004: 432).


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S h Af v , h Af N C (ANC) h P Af C

(PAC) h h v f h f S h Af (Th 2006: 71). I , h

A j h OAU h f v , h w v -

j h f S h Af , h v h S h Af h f h w v (Th 2006: 70).

O h h h , h w v wh h

S h Af f v . Th OAU h h f w f h

h , w w h UNSC v h f

. N , B 1985 wh

f h E j h f h E E

C (EEC) (Th 2006: 71, 75). 31 J f h 1980 h w

- h .32 Th x x v : -

f h f v ,

. H , h Af Af . Th h h

AU , wh h h Af , w

( H q 2012: Ch 7).

Th OAU h w f h f f h

. M v , h w ,

h h h h . S , h OAU , h AU

j , . ., P -Af , . Th f h AU

h w f f h Af ( v w w h h AU

D f P A , A A , D 17, 2010). I h w , AU v

h h h ( v w w h h EU D

h Af U , A A , D 7, 2010). Th f w -

h h f .

Th f h h f h Af h -

f h f. S w v h f h f f h h

S h Af . H , h - h v f j Af

h h . Th v f , , h OAU h f h AU. H w v , h h f h

f - f f h OAU h AU h h .

F , h AU h f q -

. H , f w h h h f v

f . I h , v h h f h q f

h . A f f h OAU j f f

31 N B w h , M Th h f h ANC (Th 2006: 81).

32 D h , v ASEAN h .


23/46


, . ., wh h x h f v

w h v f v w h

v . I q , h h AU

v v .

S , v h j not h f f

h v f Af . Th S h-Af h w -

v , h f , h f - f . I h AU ,

v h h v w h h ,

h f , h f - f . H , h f h

f h h f w f h v w

f wh v . I h , h AU h f f h OAU f

v f (M /O 2008: 11). Y , f

, h f , h q

f x .

4.2 The Boyco of Israel and Arab Na onalism

Each member-state shall respect the systems of government established in the other member-states

and regard them as exclusive concerns of those states. Each shall pledge to abstain from any ac on

calculated to change established systems of government.

8 A P (L f A S 1945)

The League is indispensable to us. It is the symbol of Arab authority and the center of our poli cal life.

Its unifying spirit is more important than all other things.

S M L B E , M 12, 1949 ( S 1949:641)

A x h v q , h A L w h -

f P -A f v f w

h x f f . Th f f h A L , h AP , w h h f f S , T j , I q, S -A , L , E , Y

M h 22, 1945 (L f A S 1945). H f , h f h f

h h h A x P (P C f h G A

C f 1944). Th f f h A L w j f v h -A

(M -W 2012: 71).33

33 A 1931, h Arab Covenant h f P -A J .Th : [ ]h A L v wh , h v f wh v

wh h h h v j v h A ( S 1949:635).


24/46


Th h h f h v P f h

-A f h f h L . P f (1954: 207) w :

The common Arabic and Moslem background of the Arab states of the Near East undoubtedly facili-tated the forma on of the League of Arab States in 1945, but it may be ques oned whether this element

alone would have exerted su cient force to draw these states together had they not been faced with a

common concern with respect to Pales ne.

I , h A x P P , h A P

x h P . Th x h h P

f h A W h h h f h A P h w h

j h A W f h f h A f

P w w f h h v f h h f f

h J h (P C f h G A C f 1944). Th x h

P w h v h L , v h h v (L

f A S 1945, w).

Th A L f I w 1945 v 1946 ( 46-1

H et al 2007: 24). A (T 1977:

491), h h h f h L h h . I

w h f h A . H , f

P w h j v , h J w h h v h f h f

I w x v f A ( P C f h G A

C f 1944).

Wh h A L I I -f -

(w h h x f E 1978-1983), h w w h h L v

f h . Th L f x

f h h h ( f. EU f ). S P

w f h A h A L , h f

Z x f h . Th A Ch x

P h [h] x h (...) q , h h f h h A (L f A S

1945). Th f , f de facto f , P w h L

f h .

T h w h v v x h w h I , h -

x f f f h L . D 1973-1974, h L f -

h h U S h N h f h

f I h Y K W /O W ( 73-1 H 2007: 24), 1979

C v f h E f T Av v J ( 79-3

H 2007: 26). F I f h h , h h -

v ( L 1972; T 1977). H w v , h v


25/46


f f . S w h primary boyco f w h I -

, h w x w h secondary boyco 1950 wh h f w h

-I wh h w I

h (T 1977: 474). A w h C BO (CBO) D w h h w f h (T

1977: 474). 34 B w v x , w h w

h f h A h (L 1972:

107). I 1954, ter ary boyco w , wh h f f , q v

f - x j A (T 1977:

477). 35 Wh h w h , T (1977) h h -

w w h

( . ., f h w J w h Z ),36

.37

Th h A S h h L w

h A -I .38 B w 1979 1989, E w f h f w-

w h I C D v . K (1986: 75) h E P A w S

v I 1977 w h h h h . Th

f h A h I h

A w , v (B 1995: 502). F 1978

1983, h L h E ( 78-6 H

2007: 25) h h q w v f C T w 1979 1989. Wh h

h E v f v w h h E , h

w h 1979. A L v (1984: 425), h w

: E h f f h A w .

Th I v h f h A j . O

h h , h f P h f h L f w h x

f : - -A . H , A f h

34 W h S , h CBO v f C (W 2013:1)

35 Th f h h f - h f w hh U.S., wh h h A - . I f , h

w , , w A ; f h A vh (T 1977).

36 A h A x P h A C h , h h w wh h h v h J w f E E . B

h q f h J w h f w h Z , f h j - h v h f h J w f E h j , . ., j h A

f P f v ( A h 2010: 47). H w v , A h(2010: 80), h Y E v h -S 1939.

37 T h h f v f v (1977: 492).

38 I w h h UN -w I q ( 90-1 H 2007: 85) f - h U.S. v f w I q v f K w . H w v , I q w f f L

v .


26/46


f I h h ( f. M -W 2012:

73). B (1995: 507) h wh h f -1967 A L f

A -I , f -A v h .

O h h h , h I x h w h A .P f (1954: 211) v : h f v h f I h x ,

f j A h . S , B (1995: 498)

h - [] w f h A -I K

(1986: 68) h h I A v xh f .

Th - v h w h h h A

I w w h h h h v h (W 2013). Y ,

f f h h w . L w , h L

E w h f h w . H , A -

w I , h v f h A L f h , h

h f . A 1972, L (1972: 108) f h

f v - ;

h h h f .

T f h f f , -

h f f h , f -A . J h

Af S h A , w A f

h f f . H (1947: 126) v h h f A

f h f h A : [ ]h h h f h

wh h h f f h O E , h A , h h v h

w h , v h v h f (H 1947: 126). I , v f w -

h w w w h j v j v f f h

h A w (K 1986: 67).

I , h f f , , w h v

f A : h A h E -

h f w fdivide et impera w h M E

h w h w v f W A , h (Kh 1946: 759). I , h w [ ] h A

w h h h f f w h f h O E h f

W W I (B 1995: 492-493). S v f w h

- ( Kh 1946) , h 1950 , h f

j h (K 1986: 69). Y , A

. I , S h U A R , h h w h E 1958,

h .39 Th w w h f h f A

(K 1986: 70).

39 Th f w h U A R N h Y h U A S w v 1961 w .


27/46


I f A h h f A h v w -

h v f h h v f h (Kh 1946: 763 E ;

B 1995: 485-486, 494). I , h A L v f h

w v A (D h h 2012: 1). I B j , h v wh h , f , A h v v h h A L f f

(1995: 491). I h Af S h A j , A -

h v h w w h . Wh A

v f f h A f , , A

f v h W - (B 1995: 506, 493-494). A w h

( A h v A v A , B

1995: 480), h h v f w w h h f w .

H , wh f v h

f h .40 A 1954, P f (1954: 210) w h L

j v f h f w

h . W h h h f f hf -A , h -

v v v . N E G L ,

B h I q S , w h f A ( K

1986: 69). F h w -A h h w

h h , A w [ | h w f A

h w w h h (B 1995: 498).

Th f A h f -

v A . A f x wh x

h h h h x . I q , f h h f A (Aj 1978/1979)

v , h f . Th v w f h

h h h A h f h h A

h / q : h A h v h ;

h A w h f (B 1995: 509). I ,

w A f f , wh f f x-

(K 1986: 76).

I , h h h v h , h L w h S L f h f h . Th wh

-A h h f v f -

v v . I , f

f f f h h v h

h f . I w , h w - f A

state h j f h regional . T -

- v f , f

40 B h h h v , . ., h h f vh h . H w v , h A L h A S v

h .


28/46


. H , h f -A f

,

h . I , f w

w v h . Th AU f h h w x . M v , h AU ,

wh h h h f v w f , w h

h x f h A L h v : E , I q,

L , S . Th h h L f f A

v h h .

4.3 Vietnam and the Origins of the ASEAN Way

Par cularly what millions of men and women in our part of the world want is to erase the old and obso-

lete concept of domina on and subjec on of the past and replace it with the new spirit of give and take,

of equality and partnership. More than anything else, they want to be master of their own house and to

enjoy the inherent right to decide their own des ny

Th Kh , F M f Th

I M f ASEAN, B , A 8, 1967 ( ASEAN 1997 )

F w f v f w

h v f - h , ASEAN w f 1967

I , M , S , Th , h Ph . I w v h

h w f h h q v h j

v . N (2008: 425) h [h] ,

h f ASEAN w f h h h h f

h w h . A - , h f ASEAN x h h

f v (N 2006: 201; M 2011: 112).

ASEAN w w h v f . I w f

w h v h h h . Th v h w h A h - w f v v h V W V v f C

f h f f wh h -

f f h - .

Th h f ASEAN h h w f h V W (A /G 1979: 191; F

1979: 1200). A x f h v w -

, h w h f x v v S h A .

T wh ASEAN v f x ( . ., B /M )

f , h f h V W . O h h , h U.S. w h

f - S h A . O h h h , h f h -

q f x w h .


29/46


ASEAN v v h h V W h A h w

f 1954 ( , B 2002). I h f v

f U.S. , h v V

, h w f v f v v wh w (M j 2009: 2). Th ASEAN balance h h v j

f h (K 2012: 2).

Th f f h h ASEAN D - h

h f , h f -

w h h x f h

v h f h

j h f h v (ASEAN 1967). Th h

v S h E A . H w v , h

h x f f h . Th v h A

f h h w f , f (ZOPFAN), f

f f f f P w (ASEAN 1971). Th h h

w [ ] q , v ASEAN v w h f

f A v (J /S h 2006: 51-52). I -

q , h f h (L f 1973: 601),

w h .

Th w h f f S h V 1975, h h h , v h

f ASEAN f - f . F w h I h ,

ASEAN (A /G 1979: 191). I , h h

h h v h h . Ev h - -

S h A w f v w h Ch w h -

I h .41 I q , h w h h f

f . R h , w h h

, ASEAN v v f -

(F 1979: 1203). Th v ASEAN f h f v 1976,

w h h .42 Th , h J

(F 1979: 1207).

Th ASEAN h w h wh V v C . Th -

f C h f - ASEAN -

f w h h V (M j 2009: 3). F (1979: 1199) f h h v

h w v h h S h A () h h q x S h

A Ch , h S v U , h U S , J . Th

41 I , h w h U.S. Ch h 1970 , N x v

B j 1972, f v U.S.- S h A h (P -K 1977: 766).

42 P h , ASEAN h f f (F 1979: 1200).


30/46


31/46


Ev f h ASEAN w f f- ,43

f f h . Th f h w h

f - f f h h h h ASEAN x-

(H 1999: 12). U , ASEAN h w h f h f w . Wh h h

h q . A f v f h f

f h h f- f h ASEAN w h v .

5. From Past to Present: Lessons from Three (+ 2) Regions

Th Af , S h A , A j w h ,

- . W h w f h , h -

w h v h h f h . I f h f h f ,

h h w h w f . Th

v h h v h

f h h w v h f f f h v . Th

h h - wh h . I , h h h w

h h h f h wh h f v

w h v v .

I h v h h f h h v h

h . Th 2 w.

Table 2. From Concept to Approach

Concept of the Region Approach to Sanctions

African Union Region as one continent Minimalistic, automatic, conservative

League of Arab States Region as a utopiannation-state

Political, flexible to context, sanctions astools in battle over regional leadership

ASEAN Region as a collection ofnation states

Rejection of own sanctions

Critical of international sanctions asexternal interference

Source : h w h.

43 J S h (2006) v q f h w W ( ) S h Ah w h h - f h h v h f ASEAN .


32/46


F h OAU, h j h f v - f h . Th

x f - h v f h

v , h AU. Th A L f I w j

h f A : f w h h f - .Th f v w h A - v f h

L f w . Th S h A x f -

x v V h v f h f -

f f h f v - .

E h f h f h w w v

f v . T w h, f , h A L h h

v h f : h f h PLO, h

f E , h f h 1990 K w w (M -W 2012: 72), h

A S x . A h h x h w, h -

f A (B 1995: 481) h ,

. Th h AU ASEAN,

wh v f - f h

f . F , wh h AU h -

f w h h A S , h A L f f h

( H f J 2012). Th x h v f

w h h f h v h

. A f ASEAN, h h j f v

v wh . Th w h w v h V /

C . S h , h A h h f v v

v f v f wh h h .

F h , I h v f h h f h , v h h f v v

h f , f h v w v v . C h

h h h h ? A w

f w h , h O f A S (OAS) h EU, v -

f h w v f h .

J h f h , h OAS v f h f

- v . Ev h h h h v v

f 1948,44 h h h C W v v

(H 1993: 39; A v /G 1996: 132-133;

S 2002: 79; P 2005: 103). I w h f h C W OAS -

h h f 45 h h f

44 Th OAS Ch w B 1948. H w v , h f h h FI C f f A S , wh h W h 1889-1890 (O f A

S 2013). Th h OAS h h w .45 I h , h x f h OAU w h h f h OAU/AU, wh w

f wh h h f v w .


33/46


h h h S (1991) W h (1992/1997) , f wh h h -

h wh (A . 9 OAS Ch , P 2005:

103). 46 O v h v (S 2002: 79), h ,

(H 1993: 40, 39), h (A v /G 1996: 133), w h v , v v (P 2003: 121).

H w v , w h h f h , h OAS f h w 180

h . Th f C f h OAS 1962 , h h

h h v v , f v (O f A S

1962; A v /G 1996: 136). 47 A w 1964,

h h C v v V v h w h

G v f V h h , , , w f (O f

A S 1964: 977). M v , h OAS h N v 1979 w

G N f P 1989. Wh h h v

j w (S 2002: 78-79), h h

h h f j h f

(A v /G 1996: 138, 140).

Th OAS h -A w h .48

Th h h h h f

(H 1993: 42). H w v , v h x .

S f , h OAS h w , C 1962-2009 H 2009-2011. I

M , P 2012, f w h h f P

F L . M v , h N w Y - - H R h F h

h OAS f h h -

V , B v , E , N (H v /E -H 2013).49 S (2002)

h h OAS h , h

46 I v f h W h P M x . M x h f , x f f h

h v h h OAS h h h f O (Of A S 1992).

47 O h U.S. h w - h j f . 14 v h , x A , B v , Ch , B , M x , E wh C w

h v (L 2012). Th , OAS () x h f C w f v (A v /G 1996: 136). I 2009, wh f C w , N h 1962 f

j (M P 2009). A h w f v , h w - h f h h . H w v , C h x h h

h OAS.

48 J h AU, h OAS - v h f . Th f , h OAS w C w h , f - v

h .

49 Th OAS h h D C f R 1080 f 2002 w h I -AD Ch f . H w v , f h h

f h , h OAS h ( O f A S 2009).


34/46


h f . Ev f h h h , h wh -

f x h f . A f

h v h , h

f v .

T , h OAS h f h f h AU f -

h f v , h Af . B h

f h f h , h v -

: h f h U.S. h h A . Th f h U.S. h OAS

v v , h h h w . I h h -

f C w f U.S. h h v -

. M v , h f f OAS h f v

w f h U.S., h f - f

h h U.S. v (P 2003:

121). 50 H w v , h f h OAS w v h

, f v f U.S. (M 2013, . 1). I , h

2000 h v w h U.S. h v h h h . P f

h R P h OAS f , h h U.S.

C h v q f f h OAS (R 2011; M 2013). S

h OAS not AU- , ,

v h h w h U.S. h . I w hwh -

f f h f h v h w h f h h OAS w

T q w h w w h f E

. C f h x w h v h h h h

G h h h T f V h h f N S w h

f h S W W . Th x f G x w-

f f h f h . H , wh E h v h

w w f v h v , h f h h f

h h . I

w h h h h v h h

w h.

S h EU h v . 51 H w v , -

f h E ( v H /B 2013: 13-14, h f ), h A

T (1997) . . h h

f h f v (M 2002; E C

50 A h 20h , L f h f v v

wh v h U S h f (P 2003: 121).51 Wh w EU A w f f ,

h w h EU v h h h H ( Met al 2001).


35/46


2003). Th v w h N T (2001) 52 h h L T (2007).

A 7 f h v T E U v h E C f j

wh h h wh h h h j

(E C 2011).53

I , h h w vv f f w h v h h E -

. I , C C f 2003 x h h U f v

w A 7 (E C 2003: 12). Th

C h v h h f h U

v f w h h f v (E C

2003: 12). 54 Th EU h x ,

h v f h (H R h W h

2012; E P 2013). Th h w h h w f h v

x - h ( E P

2013: 3-4). M v , f h h C h C h v f

w h v f f h ( v H /B 2013), f

A 7 (E C 2003: 7). A h h f wh

h f h h h v h f v .

Th w v w h h EU v f f

.55 Th v q : h EU -EU wh

v v h ? Th q h U

f- v w x h h h EU

f h v . Th f v f h EU wh h E P

(2013) h h U , v h EU h h ( . ., C )

v h . I h , h h f -

, , f h AU w . H w v , h

E h v w h h f f f v .

S x f f h E C S C (ECSC) h v 28

f h EU.H w v , f w , h f-h

, h EU f h v h .

52 Th N T v h w h hrisk f h.

53 Th EU v A 2 f h T E U : f h h h , , , q h f w (E U 2010) . Th f v v

A 7 h f U w, f j (E C 2003: 5).

54 I h C C , A I f h f h f h h EU h f v v

(A I 2003).

55 E wh I h v h h EU f f- , . ., f f h h h h , wh h w h h v (H q 2012).

I f h v h v h f , h EU f f h , h f h .


36/46


O h j v f h EU : A

h H f F S 2000. I f h f h

f h E j h h w v h f f w

(M et al 2001) . Th w EU R f h Th W M M Ah , J h F w , M O j

w h h f h A v h w h f

v . F w h A , h N T v h A

7, v h f f h f v

(v H /B 2013: 15). N h , h f f - h v h

EU h w 2000. I h , f h

v , h f h A

E .

Th EU q wh . A h f h h v -

h w , h h f f h , h v w

h , f f h . I , h EU honly w h

h . I x v , h h

h , h EU h h

h (f x , B /v H 2013). H w v , wh h

EU f h w x v h , h v

f v . I q , h f h h h h

x f h EU h h .

Th h h , w h w h h ,

v h x v -

. I h h v f h , h h

h h v f h f wh h

h h . I h , h h x-

h f h h . H w v , h h v f w

h h f x f h h

h h .

Th q w h h x f h v f ,

h w wh h h f . I

h AU h h v f h h f Af -

. Wh h AU h OAU 2002, R f h BBC h [ ]

h f h OAU, TIME H w h h h OAU w f

(R 2002; H w h 2002). I h h , h h h w h wh h

h AU h OAU 50h h w h . Th h [ ]h

v x f Af v f , f h w

h h Af h v f w

f P -Af h 21 (Af U 2013).


37/46


Ev f w v w v h h h x h w

, f h . O h

h v j h h . H ,

w hwh f f h h f h x f -- h .


38/46


R f

Acevedo, Domingo E./Grossman, Claudio 1996: Th O f A S h P fD , : F , T J. ( .): B S v . C v D f D h

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,M P , A , Ox : R .

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