regional profile of the information society in the arab region - 2013

8/12/2019 Regional Profile of the Information Society in the Arab Region - 2013

1/203


2/203

Regional Profile

of the Information Society

in the Arab Region

2013


3/203


4/203

2003 2005, 2007, 2009 2011

Acknowledgements


5/203


6/203

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements iii

Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes xi

Introduction 1

I. The Role of Governments and all Stakeholders in Building the Information Society 7 9

12

13

14

16

II. ICT Infrastructure 17 19

22

30

35

36

III. Access to Information and Knowledge 39 41

52

53

IV. ICT Capacity-Building 55 57

66

66


7/203REGIONAL PROFILE OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY IN THE ARAB REGION

V. Building Condence and Security in these f ICTs 69

71

76

78

VI. Enabling Environment 81 83

94

95

VII. ICT Applications 97 99

102 104

106

107

109

109

VIII. Cultural Diversity and Identity, Linguistic Diversity and Local Content 113 115

122

123

IX. Media 125 127

133

135

X. Regional and International Cooperation 137 139

146

XI. Building the ICT Sector 147 149

157

157


8/203

XII. Regional and Global Comparative Analysis 161 163

164

171

Bibliography 174

Endnotes 178

TABLES

1 2013 11

2

15

3 2013 20

4 2012 20 5 2012 22

6 20112012 23

7 20112012 24

8 20112012 25

9

20112012 26

10

20112012 27

11 2012 28

12 2013 29

13 20112012 30 14 32

15 33

16 2013 34

17 2012 34

18 36

19 2013 42

20 2013 43

21 2013 44

22 2012 46

23 2011 47

24 5025

53

26 58

27 64

28

65


9/203ii

REGIONAL PROFILE OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY IN THE ARAB REGION

29 67

30

2013 73

31 76

32

79

33

2013 83

34

20102013 84

35 85

36

86

37 88

38 90

39 91

40 92

41 93

42

96

43

2012 100

44 20102012 101

45 110

46 116

47 121

48

12349 2013 128

50 20122013 130

51 20102011 133

52 135

53 4 140

54 146

55

20112012 150

56 20102011 151

57 20102011 152

58 15359 2010 155

60 156

61 156

62 158

63

20092013 163


10/203

64 2012 168

65 2011 168

66 2013 171

IGRES

1 31

2 59

3 2010 60

4

62

5

2012 2013 65

6 7 1 2013 75

7

77

8 2012 102

9 B2 2011 2016 103

10 2012 108

11 20092013 119

12 120

13 20092010 134

14 20052012 165

15 2005 2012 165

16 20052012 166

17 20052012 166

18 20052012 166

19 2011 167

20 20102012 169

21 2012 170

BOXES

1 63

2 104

3 118


11/203


12/203

3G

3GPP

4G

AAG

AASTM ADNS

ADSL

AICTO

AIGLE

ALECSO

AMAG

ANRT

APCICT

ArabDIG

ARADO

ARPT ATM

ATUCOM

AUC

B2B

B2C

B2G

BATELCO

BBC

BBM

BDD

BIX BOT

BSA

CAGR

CAI

CAIT

CCNA

Abbreviations andExplanatory Notes



ccTLD

CD

CERIST

CERT

CIS

CITC

CKC

CLD

CMC

CMMI

CMS

COPUOS

CSO

CSR

CSV

CULTNAT

DAC

DSL

ECA

ECOSOC

EDGE

EGDI

EHBP

EIF

EIG

ERP

ESCAP ESCWA

ETC

EUN

FAJ

FALCON

FBWA

FDI

FLAG

FOI

FOSS

FTTH FTTX

GBI

Gbps

GCC

GDP

GER


14/203

GII

GITR

GNI

GPI

GSM

GTA

gTLD

HIAST

HSPA

IAI

IANA

ICANN

ICDL

ICT

ICT4D

ictQATAR

ID

IDAL

IDN

IER

IFC

IGF

ILO

IMEWE

IMF

IMPACT

INSEAD

INTT IOR

IPB

IPR

IREX

ISC

IsDB

ISP

ISPER

ITA

ITI

ITPPL ITU

IXP

KACARE

KACST

KAM

KBE


15/203v


KI

KOICA

LDC

LMIS

LMS

LOST

LPI

LPIC-1 1

LTE

LTT

Ma3bar

Mbps

MCIT

MDG

MENA

MEPI

MoC

MoCIT

MoCT

MOICT

MSI

MSP

MTIT

MVNO

N/A

NACS

NANS

NCC NCITP

NCTR

NER

NERC

NGO

NIC

NITTA

NLP

NPFOSST

NPRP

NREN NRI

NTC

NTI

NTRA

OB

OCR


16/203

OECD

OeGAF

OGD

OS

OWAM

PC

PCT

PDF

PES

PFI

PICTI

PKI

PLT

PPP

PTC

PUOS

QALM

QCERT

QF

QNB

QNRF

QSCCB

Qtel

RAI

RDI

REN

RFS

RPoA

RSS

RTI

RWB

SANAD

SCS-ICTI

SEA-ME-WE

SECC

SME

SMS

SST4D

STC

STE

STI

SWOT

TAG-Org

TAI


17/203vi


Tbps

TGN

TIMSS

TLD

TRA

TRC

TRIPS

TSA

UAE

UIS

UMTS

UNCTAD

UNDESA

UNDP

UNEP

UNESCO

UNGIS

UNODC

UNOOSA

UNPAN

UNPSA

UNWOMEN

URL

USPTO

VC

VDSL

VoIP

VSAT

WCKC

WCT

WEF

WHO

WIPO

WRC

WSIS

WTO

YFOSA

XML


18/203


19/203


20/203

56183 2001

1012 2003

1618 2005

2223 2004

Introduction



1

1618 2009

2

3

2004


22/203

2015

2015


23/203


24/203

X

international

I


25/203


26/203

A. Governments:

2013

2013

4

I. The Role of Governments andall Stakeholders in Building

the Information Society


27/2030


2012

2004 5

70

0

30 30

24

19 3

2013

2004

2011

2015 6 This

2030

20112016

2011


28/203

1

2013

the 2013

TABLE 1. National ICT strategies in the Arab region, 2013

Country Title of current strategy StatusYear ofadoption Implementing entity Progress

Algeria 20132013,43

2008

Bahrain 5

2012 61

Egypt 20132017

progress

progress

Iraq

Jordan 20132017 8

2012

Kuwait

2010 3e6

Lebanon 3

2003 8

Libya 5

Morocco 2013 0

2009 9

Oman 2002 31

Palestine 20132015

2p1

2013

Qatar 2015 0

2011

Saudi Arabia

progress

progress


29/2032


2013

2012

B. Civil society:

7

TABLE 1. National ICT strategies in the Arab region, 2013(Cont.)

Country Title of current strategy StatusYear ofadoption Implementing entity Progress

Sudan

18

2007

Syrian ArabRepublic

progress

progress

Tunisia 6

progress

progress

67

nited ArabEmirates

20062010 7

2006

Yemen 7

2011

2013


30/203

2013

8

9

10

11

2013

12

C. Partnerships:

2012


31/2034


13

2011

14

D. Classication and ranking of ESCAmember countries according to maturity level

1. Maturity level 1: Iraq, Libya and Palestine

2. Maturity level 2: Egypt, Lebanon, the Sudan,

Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen

3

20112013

3. Maturity level 3: Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco,

Oman, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia

2013

15

2011


32/203

16

4. Maturity level 4: Bahrain, Qatar andnited

Arab Emirates

1

2012

17

2006

TABLE 2. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity level in the role of governmentsand all stakeholders in building the information society

Country Maturity level 1 Maturity level 2 Maturity level 3 Maturity level 4

2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syrian Arab RepublicTunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


33/2036


E. Suggestions and recommendations

7


34/203

X

international

II


35/203


36/203

18

A. Overview of the telecom market structureand regulatory landscape

3

2011

4

2012,

75

25

II. ICT Infrastructure


37/2030


TABLE3. List of telecommunications regulatory entities in the Arab region, 2013

Country Telecom regulator Established/reformed

Algeriaa/ 2000

Bahrain 2002

Egypt 2003

Iraq 2004

Jordan 1995

Kuwaitb/

Lebanon 2007

Libya

Moroccoa/ 1996

Oman 2002

Palestineb/

Qatar 2004

Saudi Arabia 2004

Sudan 1996

Syrian Arab Republic 2010

Tunisiaa/ 20012008

nited Arab Emirates 2003

Yemenb/

TABLE 4. Status of telecom market competiton in the Arab region, 2012

Country Fixed-line services Mobile services Internet servicesa/

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya


38/203

5

2012

2010

19

2012

6 2012, 48

44are

2015

2012

TABLE 4. Status of telecom market competiton in the Arab region, 2012(Cont.)

Country Fixed-line services Mobile services Internet servicesa/

Morocco

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syrian Arab Republic

Tunisia

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

Countb/ 7M, 5D, 6C 0M, 4D, 14C 1M, 4D, 13C

2012

2012

2012


39/2032


2012

34

B. Comparative analysis of ICT infrastructure inthe Arab region by service type

1. Fixed-line telephone services dissemination

03

in 2012 2011 6

TABLE 5. Fixed-line licensing landscape in the Arab region, June 2012

Country Operational licensees Licensed but not operational Total licensees

Algeria 1 0 1

Bahrain 9 0 9

Egypt 1 0 1

Iraq 4 0 4

Jordan 8 0 8

Kuwait 1 0 1

Lebanon 1 0 1

Libya 1 1 2

Morocco 3 0 3

Oman 2 0 2

Palestine 1 0 1

Qatar 2 0 2

Saudi Arabia 2 2 4

Sudan 2 0 2

Syrian Arab Republic 1 0 1

Tunisia 2 1 3

nited Arab Emirates 2 0 2

Yemen 1 0 1

Total 44 4 48

2012


40/203

186

2011

122, 92, 78

67

18 09

78per

61

5

2012

02 2011 97

2012

243 2012, registering

12

20

09

in 2012 02

TABLE 6. Fixed-line subscribers in the Arab region: growth and penetration rates, 2011-2012

Country Fixed-linesubscribers,

2011

Penetrationrate, 2011

(%)

Fixed-linesubscribers,

2012


(%)

Growth inxed-line

subscribers (%)

Percentagepoint change in

penetration

Algeria3

,059

,336 8

5 3

,202

,000 8

8 4

7 0

3

Bahrain 276,523 209 289,990 213 49 04

Egypt 8,714,286 106 8,557,497 102 18 04

Iraq 1,794,000 55 1,871,000 56 43 01

Jordan 465,388 74 434,437 67 67 06

Kuwait 514,696 183 510,000 176 09 06

Lebanon 865,617 203 878,105 205 14 01

Libya 1,000,000 156 814,000 126 186 30

Morocco 3,566,076 110 3,279,054 101 80 10

Oman 287,323 101 304,545 105 60 04

Palestine 382,700 92 406,000 95 61 03

Qatar 309,000 165 327,000 169 58 03Saudi Arabia 4,633,158 165 4,801,824 167 36 02

Sudan 483,617 11 424,586 09 122 02

Syrian Arab Republic 4,345,225 209 4,423,412 209 18 00

Tunisia 1,217,781 115 1,105,586 103 92 12

nited Arab Emirates 1,825,496 231 1,967,486 243 78 12

Yemen 1,075,000 43 1,104,000 43 27 00

Total 34,815,222 9.9 34,700,522 9.7 -0.3 -0.2

2013


41/2034


2011

23

3

2. Mobile telephone services dissemination

7 254

2011to 2012

28 128to 156

201

1486 2011

175

1699

213

1051

2012 989 2011 2011,

2012

12

18 100

TABLE 7. Mobile phone subscribers in the Arab region: growth and penetration rates, 2011-2012

Country Mobilesubscribers,

2011


(%)

Mobilesubscribers,

2012


(%)

Growthin Mobile

subscribers (%)


penetration

Algeria 35615926 99.0 37692000 103.3 5.8 4.3

Bahrain 1693650 128.0 2123903 156.2 25.4 28.3

Egypt 83425145 101.1 96798801 115.3 16.0 14.2

Iraq 25519000 78.1 26756000 79.4 4.8 1.3

Jordan 7482561 118.2 8984252 139.1 20.1 20.9

Kuwait 4934160 175.1 5526000 191.1 12.0 16.0

Lebanon 3387000 79.5 4000000 93.2 18.1 13.7

Libya 10000000 155.7 9587000 148.2 4.1 7.5

Morocco 36553943 113.3 39016336 119.7 6.7 6.4

Oman 4809248 169.0 5277591 181.7 9.7 12.8

Palestine 2884964 69.5 3041000 71.2 5.4 1.7

Qatar 2302225 123.1 2600000 134.1 12.9 11.0

Saudi Arabia 53705808 191.2 53012322 184.7 1.3 6.6

Sudan 25056185 56.1 27658595 60.5 10.4 4.4

Syrian Arab Republic 13117253 63.2 12928011 61.2 1.4 1.9

Tunisia 12387656 116.9 12841277 120.0 3.7 3.0

nited Arab Emirates 11727401 148.6 13775252 169.9 17.5 21.3

Yemen 11668000 47.0 13900000 54.4 19.1 7.3

Total/average 346,270,125 98.9 375,518,340 105.1 8.4 6.2

2013


42/203

21

75points, 66 19

22

3. Internet services dissemination

8

11

2011 2012

42 419

25

175

23

348per 2012

TABLE 8. Internet users in the Arab region: growth and penetration rates,2011-2012

Country Internet users,2011


(%)

Internet users,2012


(%)

Growth inInternet users

(%)


penetration

Algeria 5108016 14.0 5556072 15.2 8.8 1.2

Bahrain 1046803 77.0 1196347 88.0 14.3 11.0

Egypt 33440618 39.8 37000453 44.1 10.6 4.2

Iraq 1685153 5.0 2392918 7.1 42.0 2.1

Jordan 2253584 34.9 2647477 41.0 17.5 6.1

Kuwait 2145532 74.2 2289480 79.2 6.7 5.0

Lebanon 2231694 52.0 2628669 61.2 17.8 9.2

Libya 905730 14.0 1285081 19.9 41.9 5.9

Morocco 17277224 53.0 17929195 55.0 3.8 2.0

Oman 1393938 48.0 1742422 60.0 25.0 12.0

Palestine* 1754441 41.1 1930398 45.2 10.0 4.1

Qatar 1671206 86.2 1708127 88.1 2.2 1.9

Saudi Arabia 13634938 47.5 15500772 54.0 13.7 6.5

Sudan 8687196 19.0 9601637 21.0 10.5 2.0

Syrian Arab Republic4751

480 22.5 5

131

620 24.3 8.0 1.8

Tunisia 4185635 39.1 4436302 41.4 6.0 2.3


Yemen 3811099 14.9 4460941 17.4 17.1 2.5

Total/average 112,306,868 32.1 124,327,902 34.8 10.7 2.7

2013 2012


43/2036


80

40 60

71

in 2012

48 2011to

60 2012

11 77

to 88

penetration rate in 2012

4. Fixed broadband Internet services

dissemination

223

2011 2012 60per

20082010

2012penetration rate

27

40 193per

2010

9

212 138

2012, Bahrain is the regional

127

TABLE 9. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers in the Arab region: growth and penetration rates, 2011-2012

Country Fixedbroadbandsubscribers,

2011


(%)

Fixedbroadband

subscribers,2012


(%)

Growthin Fixed

broadbandsubscribers (%)


penetration

Algeria 1000000 2.8 1111100 3.0 11.1 0.3

Bahrain 183004 13.8 173176 12.7 5.4 1.1

Egypt 1843624 2.2 2287249 2.7 24.1 0.5

Iraq .. .. .. .. .. ..

Jordan 199888 3.2 193596 3.0 3.1 0.2

Kuwait 47000 1.7 47000 1.6 0.0 0.0

Lebanon 210000 4.9 500000 11.7 138.1 6.7

Libya 70000 1.1 67300 1.0 3.9 0.0

Morocco 588989 1.8 681568 2.1 15.7 0.3

Oman 52562 1.8 71214 2.5 35.5 0.6

Palestine* 156000 3.8 186380 4.4 19.5 0.6

Qatar 163000 8.7 159000 8.2 2.5 0.5

Saudi Arabia 1576976 5.6 1965751 6.8 24.7 1.2

Sudan 17430 0.0 24789 0.1 42.2 0.0


Tunisia 544392 5.1 512254 4.8 5.9 0.4nited Arab Emirates 866968 11.0 951785 11.7 9.8 0.8

Yemen 109000 0.4 167300 0.7 53.5 0.2

Total/average 7,750,133 2.2 9,477,462 2.7 22.3 0.4

2013 2012


44/203

117

10

1, 07

04

30,000

2012

rate to 48 24

2012

575

2011

25

2011

2012

30 2013

26

5. Mobile broadband Internet services

dissemination

226per

2011 2012 10

159 2012

27

10

TABLE 10. Mobile broadband Internet subscribers in selected Arab countries:growth and penetration rates, 2011-2012

Country Mobilebroadbandsubscribers,

2011


(%)

Mobilebroadband

subscribers,2012


(%)

Growthin Mobile

broadband

subscribers, (%)


penetration

Bahrain 126385 9.5 912603 67.1 622.1 57.6

Egypt 19847928 24.0 22543290 26.9 13.6 2.8

Jordan 312209 4.9 691619 10.7 121.5 5.8

Lebanon* 469000 11.0 1260000 29.4 168.7 18.3

Morocco 2590534 8.0 3273563 10.0 26.4 2.0

Oman 1076254 37.8 1646098 56.7 52.9 18.9

Qatar 1315312 70.3 1398000 72.1 6.3 1.8

Saudi Arabia 11337154 40.4 12280264 42.8 8.3 2.4

Sudan 6920215 15.5 7495779 16.4 8.3 0.9


Tunisia 254145 2.4 557148 5.2 119.2 2.8


Yemen 21000 0.1 48108 0.2 129.1 0.1

Total/average 46,183,701 13.2 56,621,437 15.9 22.6 2.7

2013

2011 2012


45/2038


6221

95 671per

1687

100

2011 2012

2012

721

671

567 509

428

54, 18 02

3 2012,

27

3 28 4

2012

3

21 2012to 51 201729

6. Fibre to the Home

30

TABLE 11. Fibre to the Home (FTTH) service availability in the Arab region, May 2012

Country AvailabilityYear service rstoered

Number ofoperators/ serviceproviders Type of service

Algeria 2007 1

Bahrain 2006 8

Egypt 2010 2

Iraq 2008 1

Jordan 2008 3

Kuwait 2007 4

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman 2011 2

Palestine

Qatar 2012 1

Saudi Arabia 2010 3

Sudan Syrian Arab Republic

Tunisia 2007 5

nited Arab Emirates 2009 2

Yemen

20127


46/203

11 18

11

2012

7. Next generation wireless networks LTE

4

31

3

3

12

18

2013

2013

TABLE 12. Availability of LTE services in the Arab region, August 2013

Country OperatorServicelaunched Deployment status LTE band

Bahrain

201320132013

260026001800

Egypt

2013

2013

2100Iraq 2013

Jordan

201320132014

Kuwait

. 2012. 2011

18001800

Lebanon

2013 2013

18001800

Oman

2012. 2013

1800 23001800

Qatar

20132013

2600850

Saudi Arabia

. 2011. 2011. 2011

1800 260018002600

Tunisia 2013

nited Arab Emirates

. 20112012

1800 26001800

201211 2013421 26


47/2030


2015

C. Internet infrastructure

1. International Internet bandwidth in the region

TABLE 13. Growth rate of international Internet bandwidth in the Arab region, 2011-2012(Ranked by growth)

Rank CountryInternaonal Internet

bandwidth (Mbps), 2010Internaonal Internet

bandwidth (Mbps), 2012Growth rate(percentage)

1 Lebanon 2500 60000 2300

2 Yemen 3200 11600 264

3 Morocco 75000 266000 255

4 Syrian Arab Republic 5735 20000 249

5 Oman 5605 17792 217

6 nited Arab Emirates 105100 253875 142

7 Bahrain 10000 21000 110

8 Qatar 24502 48000 96

9 Saudi Arabia 317944 555961 75

10 Egypt 90558 150906 67

11 Tunisia 51200 84480 65

12 Algeria 36000 45000 25

13 Iraq 80 100 25

14 Libya 10000 12000 20

15 Jordan 13000 15000 15

16 Sudan 13300 13300 0

17 Kuwait 10000 .. ..

18 Palestine* .. .. ..

Total 737,724 1,530,014 107

2013


48/203

107 2010 2012

2,300

13

100per

2012

2. Submarine cable systems

2012 48

3240

33

1

13

FIGRE 1. Number of connected submarine cable systems per country in the Arab region

(Cables include operational and planned, ranked by number)

13

12

12

97

5

5

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

2

2

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

UAE

Saudi Arabia

Egypt

OmanMorocco

Tunisia

Qatar

Syria

Sudan

Lebanon

Kuwait

Bahrain

Algeria

Libya

Yemen

Jordan

Iraq

2012


49/2032


34

2013

2015

2012

2013 2013

2012

2013 2012

2

2002

2007

1995

1997

14

15

2006

TABLE 14. Submarine cable systems connecting two Arab countries

Submarine cable system Ready for service (RFS) Countries connected and landing points

Aden-Djibouti 1995

Aletar 1997

Berytar 1997

Qatar-AE (DAS-Halul) (QA-) 2004

Saudi Arabia-Sudan-1(SAS-1) 2003

Saudi Arabia-Sudan-2(SAS-2) 2012

2012


50/203

2012

3

4

15

5

2011

201235

2012

2012

2013

3. Internet Exchange Points

36

16

TABLE 15. Submarine cables with a landing point in two or more ESCA member countries

Cable system Length (km) Ready for service

Numberof landingpoints Landing points Total capacity

FLAG-FALCON11

,589

2006 11

250,250

,390

,520

GBI 30,000 2012 7

518

EIG 15,000 2011 5

472

SEA-ME-E 3 39,000 1999 5

505

SEA-ME-E 4 20,000 2005 5

48

TGN-Gulf 4,469 2012 5

128

FOG 1,300 1998 4 40

IMEE 12,091 2010 4

384

FLAG FEA 28,000 1997 3 440

MENA-SCS 9,030 2013 3 576

TGN-EA 9,280 2012 2 128

Transworld-T1 1,274 2006 2 128

2012


51/2034


TABLE 16. Internet exchange points in the Arab region, June 2013

Country Internet Exchange Point Short name Established RL

Bahrain 2003 ..

2009 ..

Egypt 2002

2007 1

Lebanon 2007 ..

Saudi Arabia 2009 ...

Sudan 2010

Tunisia 2011

nited Arab Emirates 2012 ..

2013 ...

TABLE 17. Internet hosts in the Arab region, 2012(By decreasing number of hosts per 10,000inhabitants)

Rank Country Populaon Total number of hostsNumber of hosts

per 10,000inhabitants

1 nited Arab Emirates 8105873 337804 416.74

2 Bahrain 1359485 47727 351.07

3 Lebanon 4291719 64926 151.28

4 Jordan 6457260 69473 107.595 Palestine 4270791 42435 99.36

6 Morocco 32598536 277338 85.08

7 Saudi Arabia 28705133 145941 50.84

8 Oman 2904037 14531 50.04

9 Libya 6469497 17926 27.71

10 Egypt 83958369 200430 23.87

11 Yemen 25569263 33206 12.99

12 Kuwait 2891553 2771 9.58

13 Qatar 1938754 897 4.63

14 Tunisia 10704948 576 0.54

15 Syrian Arab Republic 21117690 416 0.20

16 Algeria 36485828 676 0.19

17 Sudan 45722083 99 0.02

18 Iraq 33703068 26 0.01

Total/average 320,768,059 1,256,522 39.17

2012


52/203

2002,

2013

4. Internet hosts

37

17

10,000

417 351

hosts per 10,000

151 107hosts,

than 100hosts per 10,000

10,000

D. Classication and ranking of ESCAmember countries according to maturity level

1. Maturity level 1: Iraq, Libya, the Sudan, Syrian

Arab Republic, and Yemen

2011

2011

2. Maturity level 2: Egypt, Morocco, Palestine,

and Tunisia

2011

2013

3. Maturity level 3: Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,

and Oman

2011


53/2036


4. Maturity level 4: Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,

andnited Arab Emirates

2013

E. Suggestions and recommendations

TABLE 18. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity level in ICT Infrastructure


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


54/203

38


55/203


56/203

X

international

III


57/203


58/203

III. Access to Informationand Knowledge

A. Comparative analysis

20102013,

39

2013


59/2032


19

144

2013

20,

TABLE 19. Impact of ICTs on access to basic services in selected Arab countries, 2013

Country

Impact of ICT on access to basicServices, 2013

Network Readiness Index, 2013

Score * Ranking (144) Score * Ranking (144)

Qatar 61 1 510 23

nited Arab Emirates 59 6 507 25

Bahrain 58 13 483 29

Saudi Arabia 56 16 482 31

Oman 51 31 448 40

Jordan 47 48 420 47

Kuwait 40 84 394 62

Morocco 39 92 364 89

Egypt 38 104 378 80

Libya3

2 130 2

77 132

Lebanon 27 141 353 94

Algeria 26 142 278 131

Yemen 25 143 263 139

Average (Arab/world) 4.3/4.3 3.97/3.97

2013 1 7


60/203

20

451,

420 380

337

2

2

TABL E 20. Readiness versus usage subindex components of the NRI, 2013

Country

Readiness sibindex * Individual usage pillarBusinesssage

pillarGovernmentusage pillar

Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score

Bahrain 35 527 30 513 56 359 4 578

Saudi Arabia 39 523 47 439 30 410 6 573

nited Arab Emirates 40 523 36 490 28 431 2 599

Qatar 44 506 16 582 27 447 5 575

Jordan 55 497 66 355 55 359 56 422

Oman 56 492 50 431 52 362 21 514

Kuwait 58 487 40 483 83 335 105 363

Egypt 82 441 69 343 108 311 80 392

Lebanon 86 429 63 370 116 302 134 290

Morocco 88 428 67 354 99 320 81 392

Algeria 96 400 100 246 144 215 139 265Yemen 117 324 135 157 137 268 141 256

Libya 126 291 89 280 136 269 143 244

Average 4.51 3.80 3.37 4.20

2013 2013


61/2034


1. Public domain information

TABLE 21. Open government data initiatives/sites in the Arab region, 2013

Country Iniave/site Description and role RL

Bahrain

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Tunisia

nited Arab Emirates


62/203

2011

21

40

1990

13to 93

41

2013

2007

472007

20

42

20 2009, 42per

43

2011

44

45

13

2012


63/2036


1 201246The

19

41 89 93

47

2009

201348

2011

49

2011, the

50

2. Access to information and knowledge

1

TABLE 22. Accessibility of digital content in selected Arab countries, 2012

Country

Accessibility of digital content, 2012 Networked Readiness Index, 2012

Score*

Ranking (144) Score Ranking (144)

nited Arab Emirates 61 23 507 25

Qatar 60 27 510 23

Bahrain 59 31 483 29

Saudi Arabia 55 43 482 31

Jordan 5.4 48 420 47

Oman 5.3 53 448 40

Kuwait 5.3 54 394 62

Morocco 4.5 96 364 89

Egypt 44 100 378 80

Lebanon 42 110 3

53 94

Yemen 38 121 263 139

Libya 35 131 277 132

Algeria 137 278 131

Average (Arab/world) 4.85/4.90 3.97/3.97

2012 2013 1 7


64/203

22

23

54

25 62

20 16

TABLE 23. Ranking of selected Arab countries on the ICT Price Basket, 2011

Globalrank(161) Country

Fixed-broadband

penetraon,2011

(Percentage)

GNI percapita*(US$)

Sub-baskets(Percentage of GNI per capita)*

ICT PriceBasketvalue

Fixed Mobile Broadband

4 Qatar 87 71008 02 03 09 05

6

nited Arab Emirates11 41

930 0

1 0

3 1

2 0

5

15 Bahrain 138 25420 02 07 13 07

30 Oman 18 18260 09 06 17 10

41 Saudi Arabia 56 16190 10 10 20 13

64 Lebanon 49 8880 16 34 24 25

66 Tunisia 51 4160 17 29 30 25

75 Egypt 18 2420 13 34 40 29

79 Algeria 28 4450 17 37 48 34

91 Jordan 32 4340 26 29 62 39

100 Morocco 18 2850 09 94 49 51

109 Syrian Arab Republic 06 2750 05 93 94 64

119 Yemen 04 1070 11 126 187 108

121 Sudan 00 1270 57 57 274 129

141 Iraq 2340 02 64 1083 355

2012


65/2038


23

51

1

100

2011

34in 2010to 24in 2011

25 23

2

2011 2012 138per

2011

52

2012,

53

8

54


66/203

2013 3

55

3. Multi-purpose community public access points

56

57

2,164 2010 1,807 2008

201158The

123 201359

60

61

2013

19

62

2009

23,898

5,63763

2012

192,

176in 2010 28

2001 2012

16

20,362,

190,000


67/2030


64

2010

65

66 2012

67

4. sing dierent software models

TABLE 24. Selected community-based entities promoting the use of FOSS in the Arab region

Country Name Description and role RL

Bahrain

Egypt

Jordan

Kuwait

8

Lebanon

Libya

Palestine

ps

Sudan

nitedArabEmirates

Yemen


68/203

659

42

24

368

69

70

201371

72

30,000

48

1

1 140

73

2001

74

2010

42

26 75

44 2012

76

2011

2013

77


69/2032


78

79

B. Classication and ranking of ESCAmember countries according to maturity level

1. Maturity level 1: Iraq, Libya, Palestine, the

Sudan, and Syrian Arab Republic

2. Maturity level 2: Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco,

Tunisia, and Yemen

2013

3. Maturity level 3: Egypt, Kuwait, Oman, and

Saudi Arabia

4. Maturity level 4: Bahrain, Qatar and thenited

Arab Emirates

2013


70/203

C. Suggestions and recommendations

TABLE 25. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity levelin access to information and knowledge


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


71/2034



72/203

X

international

IV


73/203


74/203

IV. ICT Capacity-Building

80

81


1. Basic literacy and ICT to eradicate illiteracy

82

(a) Adult literacy

2010 841

83886 797

84

75 85

2015

79 86

2015 90per

2015

68

66 55

55 26

(b) Youth literacy

87

90 2010,

89 88 26

996

992


75/2038


769

60

0

77

1999

0

94

201089

90

(c) ICT initiatives to eradicate illiteracy

91

92

10,000 93

54 94

TABLE 26. Adult literacy in selected Arab countries

Country

2005- 2010 Project for 2015 ChangeTotal

Literacy(%)

MaleLiteracy

(%)

FemaleLiteracy

(%)

TotalLiteracy

(%)

MaleLiteracy

(%)

FemaleLiteracy

(%)

TotalLiteracy

(%)

MaleLiteracy

(%)

FemaleLiteracy

(%)

Algeria 81 64 73 87 73 80 6 9 7

Bahrain 93 90 92 95 92 93 2 2 1

Egypt 80 64 72 82 66 74 2 2 2

Iraq 86 71 78 85 79 83 1 8 5

Jordan 96 89 93 97 92 94 1 3 1

Kuwait 95 92 94 95 94 96 0 2 2

Lebanon 93 86 90 95 92 94 2 6 4

Libya 96 83 91 97 86 91 1 3 0

Morocco 69 44 56 74 51 62 5 7 6

Oman 90 81 87 90 84 87 0 3 0

Palestine 98 92 95 98 94 96 0 2 1

Qatar 97 95 96 97 96 97 0 1 1

Saudi Arabia 90 81 87 92 85 89 2 4 2

Sudan 80 62 71 83 68 75 3 6 4

Syrian Arab Republic90 77 83 92 81 86 2 6 3

Tunisia 86 71 78 90 77 84 4 6 6

nited Arab Emirates 91 89 90 92 95 93 1 6 3

Yemen 81 47 64 85 55 70 4 8 6

Regional average* 84.09 76.03 67.42

2012 0021002180218003


76/203

28

95

2. ICT in education and training(a) Education expenditure and national policies on

ICT for education

5

20

96

311

257 234

119 117

72 97

98

(b) Enrolment

to 28 2007 58

99

FIGRE 2. Youth literacy rates in selected Arab countries


77/2030


80

19

41

100

95

89

101

69

102

5167

Bahrain, at 4894 3986

3494 3265

30

2913

2881 2878

918 103

3

(c) Teachers and students

201

301

401104 55

105

FIGRE 3. Gross enrolment rate (GER) by education level, 2010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Arab States Central and

Eastern

Europe

Central Asia East Asia and

the Pacific

Latin America

and the

Caribbean

North America

and Western

Europe

South and

West Asia

Sub-Saharan

Africa

Pre-primary Primary Secondary Tertiary

100


78/203

106

(d) Schools

107

100

73 81

89 108

22 4,000

312

19

20

108 109

87

110

60 111

241

17

10

112

787

392

113

(e) Curricula and skills


79/2032


114

115

14

2011

40 8

116

4 117

2011118

(f) ICT infrastructure for higher education and

research

FIGRE 4. Ranking of selected Arab countries in Quality of Math and Science Educationindicator vs. their global NRI

144 139 135129

104

86

56 53

3728

179

4

139

80

132 131

62

4029

89

31

47

25 24

94

Yemen Egypt Libya Algeria Kuwait Oman Bahrain Morocco Saudi

Arabia

Jordan UAE Qatar Lebanon

Ranking in Quality of Math and Science Indicator Ranking in Network Readiness Index

2013 2013 144


80/203

BOX 1. Egypt initiative: Tahrir Academy

3to 18 18to 35

150 4,000

2 1 27

119

3. Training programmes for capacity-building in

the use of ICT

(a) International Computer Driving Licence (ICDL)

68,02

44

,444

120

54,100

2010 2011121

559 338 122

is 540 252123

2006124 836,801

2012125 2003 2010

99,438

126

(b) Professional ICT training

127

2006as

128

29

354

2012 4,706

129

4,825

2013130


81/2034


4. Innovation and patents

131

5

2012

2013

132 15

35

42

41

6

2012 2013

TABLE 27. Research and Education Networks (REN) in selected Arab countries

Country Status Bandwidth Explanatoray Note

Algeria 622

Bahrain

Egypt 341

Iraq

Jordan 1

Kuwait

Morocco 2100

Oman

Palestine 45 3

Qatar 40 2

Saudi Arabia 1

Sudan

155 2

Syrian Arab Republic 155 3040

Tunisia 20100

nited Arab Emirates

15552 10 1

2


82/203

FIGRE 5. Evolution of Arab countries ranking in the Global Innovation Index (GII)and Innovation Eciency Ratio (IER) between 2012and 2013

-70

-50

-30

-10

10

30

50

70

Oman

B

ahrain

Le

banon

A

lgeria

T

unisia

Qatar

Jordan

Egypt

Morocco

Y

emen

Syria

UAE

Sudan

K

uwait

SaudiArabia

Evolution of Ranking in GII index Evolution of Ranking in IER indicator

2012 2013 141 2012 142 2013

TABLE 28. Number of patents led under the PatentCooperation Treaty (PCT) per million population in

selected Arab countries(2008-2009average)

Country PCT patents/million population

nited Arab Emirates 45

Saudi Arabia 22

Bahrain 21

Qatar 13

Lebanon 11

Morocco 07

Egypt 06

Jordan 05

Libya 05

Oman 04

Kuwait 04

Algeria 02

Yemen 00

2012

2012

2013

28

16 100 311

17 10 100

133


83/2036



1. Maturity level 1: Iraq, Libya, the Sudan, and

Yemen

2. Maturity level 2: Morocco, Palestine and Syrian

Arab Republic

3. Maturity level 3: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan,

Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and

Tunisia.

4. Maturity level 4:nited Arab Emirates

29



84/203

TABLE 29. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity levelin ICT capacity-building


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syrian Arab RepublicTunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


85/2038



86/203

X

international

V


87/203


88/203

V. Building Condenceand Security in these

f ICTs

201278

A. Comparative analysis of successes inbuilding condence and security in the use ofICTs in the Arab region

134 30, 14 17


89/2032


1. se of electronic transactions and documents

20122013

2011

135

2. Online and network security and safety

2010

2012

136

2012to

2010

137


90/203

TABLE 30. National entities in charge of cybersecurity and the presence of related initiatives in the Arab region, 2013

CountryNational entity in charge of

cybersecurity National CERT andRL

National cybersecuritystrategy or signicant national

initiative*

Algeria 2008

Bahrain

Egypt

20122017

Iraq

Jordan

2012

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

2013

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2012 2013

2013


91/2034


2013

1,000 138

139

3. Privacy and data protection

140

2010

141

6

2012, the

142


92/203

FIGRE 6. Growth in number of Facebook users between 7January and 1May 2013

-16.7 -16.1

-11.1-8.7

-6.1-4.0

-1.5 -1.1

0.7

3.35.9

10.0 10.712.3 12.4

12.5

22.8 22.8

27.8

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Growth in number of Facebook users

Oman Bahrain Kuwait KSA SomaliaLebanon

Qatar UAE

Jordan SudanMorocco

TunisiaAlgeria

Egypt LibyaPalestine

Yemen Syria Iraq

2013

61

24

4. Countering misuse of ICTs

20112013

201217

31

2010

143targeting


93/2036


2013

7

817, there


TABLE 31. Adoption of cybercrime laws in selected Arab countries

Country Specic law for cybercrime Year

Bahrain 28 2002

Egypt 13507 2002

Jordan 30 2010

Kuwait

Lebanon 4 2006

Morocco 5305 2007

Oman 27 276 2001

Palestine

Saudi Arabia 79 2007

Sudan 14 2007


Tunisia 2007

nitedArab Emirates 2 2006

Yemen

5


94/203

4

1. Maturity level 1: Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,

Libya, Palestine, the Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic,and Yemen

1

2. Maturity level 2: Bahrain, Egypt, Oman, and

Morocco

1

2

FIGRE 7. Percentage of children who have been bullied online and oine in selected countries

37%47%

28% 27%7%

72% 69% 68% 63% 81%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

World Average Turkey Qatar Egypt UAE

Bullied online Bullied offline

2012


95/2038


2in

3. Maturity level 3: Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia,


4. Maturity level 4: None



96/203

TABLE 32. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity level in buildingcondence and security in the use of ICTs


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


97/203


98/203

X

international

VI


99/203


100/203

VI. Enabling Environment


144

145 14 144

2013

TABLE 33. Scores and rankings of selected Arab countries on the environmentsubindex component of NRI, 2013

Country

Environment subindex*Political and regulatory

environmentBusiness and innovative

environment

Ranking (144) Score Ranking (144) Score Ranking (144) Score

Qatar 14 519 18 510 12 529

nited Arab Emirates 19 505 26 484 17 525

Saudi Arabia 25 487 29 468 25 507

Bahrain 28 483 40 439 14 527

Oman 37 461 34 447 33 475

Jordan 42 435 48 405 40 465

Kuwait 69 390 71 367 71 413

Morocco 74 385 73 366 79 404

Lebanon 86 374 133 276 35 473

Egypt99 3

62 96 3

39 98 3

85

Libya 130 318 130 283 120 354

Yemen 138 291 140 251 133 330

Algeria 143 260 141 246 143 274

Arab average 4.05 3.75 4.35

2013


101/2034


34

2009

13 2012to 2013

2013

2012

55 142 2012

2013 14

to 2012

35

133

1. Legal and regulatory environment

(a) National intellectual property laws, regulations

and international agreements

TABLE 34. Scores and ranking of selected Arab countries on the environmentsubindex component of NRI, 2010-2013

Country

2009-2010* 2010-2011* 2012 2013

Rank (133) Score Rank (138) Score Rank (142) Score Rank (144) Score

Qatar 29 461 26 473 15 510 14 519

nited Arab Emirates 24 468 25 477 28 483 19 505

Saudi Arabia 38 434 32 453 17 500 25 487

Bahrain 33 445 30 459 27 484 28 483

Oman 52 398 43 417 36 463 37 461

Jordan 41 418 49 404 48 416 42 435

Tunisia 57 402 45 415 55 402

Kuwait 60 378 52 399 56 399 69 390

Morocco 75 364 72 379 72 379 74 385

Lebanon 81 362 92 364 86 374

Egypt 70 371 71 379 85 368 99 362

Syrian Arab Republic 113 310 121 309 115 333

Libya 110 313 133 288 133 288 130 318

Yemen 134 286 138 291Algeria 120 301 125 305 136 283 143 260

Average 3.89 3.94 3.97 4.05

2013a, 2012a, 2011 2010 2012


102/203

35

in 18

18

2013 146

1995

2000 2005

TABLE 35. Status of selected Arab countries in international intellectualproperty rights treaties

Country TO Paris

Convention

PCT CT Madrid

Agreement

Hague

Agreement

PLT TRIPS

Algeria 1966 2000

Bahrain 1995 1997 2007 2005 2005 2005 1995

Egypt 1995 1951 2003 1952

1952 1995Iraq 1976

Jordan 2000 1972 2004 2000Kuwait 1995 1995Lebanon 1924

Libya 1976 2005

Morocco 1995 1917 1999 2011 1917

1930 1995Oman 2000 1999 2001 2005 2007

2009 2007 2000Palestine

Qatar 1996 2000 2011 2005 1996

Saudi Arabia 2005 2004 2013 2005Sudan 1984 1984 1984

Syrian Arab Republic 1924 2003 2004

2008

Tunisia 1995 1884 2001 1930 1995nited Arab Emirates 1996 1996 1999 2004 1996

Yemen 2007


103/2036


1884

2007

35

2013

(b) Software piracy

2012

at 42

588

2010 634 2011147

38

9per

26 17

0

3

2011

2010 66

42

TABLE 36. Software piracy rates and commercial value of unlicensedsoftware in selected Arab countries

Country

Software piracy rates(Percentage)

Commercial value of unlicensed software(Millions ofS)

2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011


Qatar 51 49 50 50 52 62Saudi Arabia 51 52 51 304 414 449

Bahrain 54 54 54 21 22 23

Jordan 57 57 58 26 28 31

Kuwait 60 60 59 62 68 72

Oman 63 62 61 39 33 36

Egypt 59 60 61 146 196 172

Morocco 66 65 66 64 75 91

Lebanon 72 72 71 46 49 52

Tunisia 72 72 74 44 52 51

Algeria 84 83 84 55 69 83

Iraq 85 85 86 129 147 172

Yemen 90 90 89 10 12 15

Libya 88 88 90 25 74 60

Arab (average / total) 65.9 65.7 66.0 1,176 1,464 1,577

orld (average / total) 43 42 42 51,443 58,754 63,456

2012


104/203

36

1 2011

2

1

2009

208

35

51

248

(c) Cyberlegislation

148

149

13, in 2012

(i) E-transaction and e-commerce laws

2011

2011 2011

2013

2006

37

(ii) Personal data protection and cybercrime

150

632004 09

082009 12007


105/2038


692008

2009 132012that

2013

TABLE 37. Status of e-signature, e-transaction and e-commerce lawsin selected Arab countries

Country / Law e-Signature e-Transaction e-Commerce

Algeria

Bahrain 282002 282002 282002

Egypt 152004

Iraq 2011 2011 2011

Jordan 852001 852001

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco 53052007 53052007 53052007

Oman 692008 692008

Palestine

Qatar 162010 162010 162010


Sudan 2007 2007 2007

Syrian Arab Republic 42009

Tunisia 832000 832000 832000

nited Arab Emirates 12006 12006 12006

Yemen 402006 402006

http161 4 2013 2314988


106/203

2013or 2014

32

122011

172012

8 2012

2. Domain name management

38

in 2011

2011 2013

2,812in 2008to 3,413in 2012

1,345 2012

is 102

50 2010,

84 2012

2008

2012 7,154

4,466in 2008to

14,199in 2012151

152

2012

252

1102

1211

3. Standardization in ICT


107/2030


2013

153

14,000

150

2013 49

TABLE 38. Entities in charge of managing ccTLD in the Arab region

Country / Law ccTLD Entity in charge of managing ccTLD Entity type

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Morocco

Oman

Palestine ps

Qatar

Saudi Arabia sa

Sudan


Tunisia tn

nited Arab Emirates ae

Yemen

2013


108/203

2011

2012

4. ICT investments and government-supported

facilitation measures

(a) Venture capital and foreign direct investment

2011

2012 39

20112012

40

20112012 20102011

TABLE 39. Perception of venture capital availability in selected Arab countries

Country

2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

Score Ranking (142) Score Ranking (144) Score Ranking (148)

Qatar 54 1 47 1 45 2


Oman 39 16 38 14 39 14

Bahrain 42 8 43 7 38 15

Saudi Arabia 42 7 37 18 34 25

Tunisia 31 35 30 44

Jordan 27 62 29 48 30 45

Egypt 30 41 30 40 29 51

Morocco 33 30 30 38 28 56

Lebanon 27 60 27 63 27 62

Kuwait 34 25 30 41 26 71

Algeria 21 110 18 138 20 123

Libya 2

3 93 2

0 128

Yemen 26 67 23 98 19 134


Arab (average / total) 3.3 3.2 3.0

orld (average / total) 2.7 2.7 2.7

2010 2011 2012


109/2032


20112012

7,553

2007 2011 25434

172 29

27 26

(b) Entrepreneurship, innovation and incubators

154

2013

TABLE 40. Scores and rankings of selected Arab countries on FDI and technology transfer

Country

2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

Score* Ranking (142) Score* Ranking (144) Score* Ranking (148)

nited Arab Emirates 55 10 57 6 59 2Qatar 61 2 61 2 58 4

Saudi Arabia 55 8 55 8 55 8

Bahrain 53 18 55 11 53 10

Jordan 49 51 50 39 51 28

Oman 49 46 49 45 49 48

Morocco 49 54 49 46 47 61

Tunisia 52 25 46 70

Egypt 47 67 46 75 42 100

Algeria 38 123 34 140 36 128

Lebanon 40 112 39 117 36 129

Yemen 27 142 32 144 35 140

Kuwait 34 135 33 142 32 144

Libya 36 136 30 148

Arab (average / total) 4.6 4.7 4.5

orld (average / total) 4.6 4.6 4.5

2010 2011 2012 1 7


110/203

155

41

1

2013 103

6 5

2013 2012

33 16

10

14 14 11

TABLE 41. Global Innovation Index, its input and output subindexin selected Arab countries

Country

Global InnovationIndex 2013

Innovation InputSubindex 2013

Innovation OutputSubindex 2013

Global InnovationIndex 2012

Score Rank (142) Score Rank (142) Score Rank (142) Score Rank (141)

nited Arab Emirates 4187 38 5399 26 2976 81 4440 37Saudi Arabia 4121 42 4589 44 3652 44 3930 48

Qatar 4100 43 4784 38 3417 52 4551 33

Kuwait 4002 50 3948 74 4056 36 3719 55

Jordan 3730 61 4206 61 3254 63 3713 56

Bahrain 3613 67 4453 47 2774 90 4112 41

Tunisia 3582 70 3812 80 3351 59 3651 59

Lebanon 3547 75 4271 56 2823 88 3621 61

Oman 3325 80 4328 53 2322 111 3950 4

Morocco 3089 92 3534 90 2645 99 3065 88

Egypt 2848 108 3381 101 2315 112 2788 103

Syrian Arab Republic 2373 134 3284 105 1463 140 2312 132

Algeria 2311 138 3162 112 1461 141 2438 124

Sudan 1981 141 2651 136 1311 142 1681 141

Yemen 1932 142 2386 141 1479 139 1914 139

Arab average 32.49 38.79 26.20 33.26

2012 2013


111/2034


156

157

2013

2012, the

248

158 2012



Sudan, and Yemen

2. Maturity level 2: Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon,

Morocco, and Syrian Arab Republic

three in 2011

3. Maturity level 3: Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Saudi

Arabia, and Tunisia


112/203

4. Maturity level 4: Qatar andnited Arab

Emirates

20



113/2036


TABLE 42. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity levelin establishing an enabling environment


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


114/203

X

international

VII


115/203


116/203

VII. ICT Applications

A. Comparative analysis of ICT applications ingovernments

in 2012 2013

2012

159

2012

1 2

3 4160

43


117/20300


20 2010

to 75 2012

2012

1

100

2

3

13

2010

to77

per 2012

44

161

373

49to 28 30

62to 48 299

82to 64 295per

58to 41

Table 43. Ranking of selected Arab countries by total percentage ofimplementation of online government services, 2012(Percentage)

Country Stage 1:emerging

Stage 2:enhanced

Stage 3:transactional

Stage 4:connected

Totalimplementation*

Bahrain 100 76 81 67 75

nited Arab Emirates 100 74 83 67 75

Saudi Arabia 92 60 77 67 70

Qatar 83 64 62 64 65

Oman 92 64 48 57 58

Egypt 100 64 27 57 53

Kuwait 100 62 48 38 51

Morocco 100 62 29 43 47

Lebanon 100 62 17 38 42

Tunisia 92 45 29 41 42

Jordan 83 48 31 20 34

Iraq 75 33 6 26 25

Algeria75 48 8 9 22

Sudan 67 31 10 19 22

Syrian Arab Republic 58 31 4 19 20

Yemen 33 7 8 23 15

2012 * 1 007, stage 2024, stage 3 03 4 039


118/203

06543 2012 20

2010 34

201203948

84 2010 191

05139 87

04833

2011 2013

15

08

29 2010

TABLE 44. EGDI scores and rankings of the Arab region, 2010-2012

Rank Country

EGDI score EGDI ranking

2012 2010Percentage

change 2012 2010 Net change

1 nited Arab Emirates 07344 05349 373% 28 49 21

2 Bahrain 06946 07363 57% 36 13 23

3 Saudi Arabia 06658 05142 295% 41 58 17

4 Qatar 06405 04928 300% 48 62 14

5 Kuwait 05960 05290 127% 63 50 13

6 Oman 05944 04576 299% 64 82 18

GCC average 0.6543 0.5441 20.2%

7 Lebanon 05139 04388 171% 87 93 6

8 Jordan 04884 05278 75% 98 51 47

9 Tunisia 04833 04826 01% 103 66 37

10 Egypt 04611 04518 21% 107 86 21

11 Morocco 04209 03287 280% 120 12 108

12 Syrian Arab Republic 03705 03103 194% 128 133 5

13 Algeria 03608 03181 134% 132 131 1

14 Iraq 03409 02996 138% 137 136 1

15 Sudan 02610 02542 27% 165 154 11

16 Yemen 02472 02154 148% 167 164 3

17 Libya 03799 114

Non-GCC average 0.3948 0.3643 8.4%

Arab region average 0.4921 0.4278 15%

orld average 0.4882 0.4406 10.8%


119/20302


8

2012

B. Comparative analysis of ICT applications inbusiness and commerce

162

FIGRE 8. EGDI vs. GDP per capita, 2012

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000

QatarKuwait

Bahrain

Saudi Arabia

OmanLebanon

Jordan

EgyptMorocco

AlgeriaSyria

Iraq

Sudan

Yemen

Libya

UAE

2012 2011


120/203

163

B2

9

2012

45per

15 164

2

FIGRE 9. B2C e-commerce percentage sale by region, 2011and 2016

1.6%3.1%

27.9%

3.6%

28.0%

35.8%

2.3%3.5%

39.7%

3.7%

22.6%

28.2%

Middle East & Africa Latin America Asia Pacific Eastern Europe Western Europe North America

2011 2016

21010004


121/20304


than 700

2011

165

C. Comparative analysis of ICT applications ineducation

BOX 2. Regional trends andgures on e-commerce in the Middle East

2 2 2

2013 2 9 2012

16 2015 49 2015 70 30 68 32 53 26


122/203

166

167

168

This

169

350 70

15to 24, representing 19

170

171

172


123/20306


173 2011,

2015174

600

3,000

51

120in 1999175

D. Comparative analysis of ICT applications inhealth care

176

177

178

in 2011 444


124/203

551 2015

179

180

181

182

183

E. Comparative analysis of ICT applications inemployment

184

129

34

10 185


125/20308


20102015 21

118

1524 20

18 186

10

187

less than 5

3per

1

188

2011

189

FIGRE 10. Total and youth unemployment rates in selected Arab countries, 2012estimates

2012


126/203

F. Classication and ranking of ESCAmember countries according to maturity level


Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen

2. Maturity level 2: Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and

Tunisia

3. Maturity level 3: Jordan, Kuwait and Oman

4. Maturity level 4: Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,


2013

2013

45

G. Suggestions and recommendations

1. ICT applications in government

20

190


127/2030


2. ICT applications in business and commerce

2

2

TABLE 45. Ranking of ESCA member countries by maturity level in ICT applications


2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013 2009 2011 2013

Bahrain

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya*

Morocco*

Oman

Palestine

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan


Tunisia*

nited Arab Emirates

Yemen

2013 2012


128/203

3. ICT applications in education and learning

4. ICT applications in health care

5. ICT applications in employment

6. General recommendations


129/203


130/203

X

international

VIII


131/203


132/203


2012191

2015

192

193

2to 3

5

62

194

46

VIII. Cultural Diversity and Identity,Linguistic Diversity and

Local Content


133/2036


2837

1875per

100,000th registration in 2012195

8245

2009196

2011

TABLE 46. Contribution of selected Arab countries to online Arabic content

Country Share of Arabic web pages(Percentage)

Share of Arabic web pages from the countrystotalweb pages a/ (Percentage)


nited Arab Emirates 1875 2356

Moroccob/ 1132 5756

Egypt 677 4624

Palestine 628 7152

Jordan 432 5016


Algeriab/ 328 5242

Libya311 4850

Tunisiab/ 295 3978

Iraq 185 8136

Kuwait 175 3833

Yemen 145 5072

Lebanonb/ 138 1669

Sudan 132 7107

Oman 130 4406

Qatar 125 2094

Bahrain 092 3571

2012


134/203

677

197

13

1. se of ICT in support of cultural and linguistic

diversity

2012

totaling 4,600

198

173,000 199

2013

85,000

500,000

200

201

2. Local and national digital content development

(a) Government initiatives


135/2038


20092013202

20122017203

204 25

685

205

2012,

206

207

(b) The growing role of the private sector

71

2011208

112 2011

165

2015

209

210

211

BOX 3. ESCA activities on digital Arabic content

2003 2012,

More on the initiative, studies and brochures is available fromhttp://isper.escwa.un.org/FocusAreas/DigitalArabicContent/tabid/260/language/en-US/Default.aspx.


136/203

(c) Community-driven content and social networks

11

083

212

213

in 2011

600

2013214

FIGRE 11. Percentage of selectedikipedia languages based on article count, 2009-2013

21.71% 21.15%

19.31% 18.18%

16.10%

7.22% 7.05%6.35% 6.36% 5.99%

3.59% 3.77% 4.05% 4.04%

3.72%

0.67% 0.73% 0.72% 0.75% 0.83%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2009 2010 2011 May 2012 May 2013

English

German

Spanish

Arabic

2013


137/20320


334

2013 2010 2012,

2012215 2011, the

12

33

in 2011to 71 2013

3. ICT tools and research and development

programmes

216

FIGRE 12. Facebook interface language use in selected Arab countries

8175

71 67 61 5849

3523 21 20 18 13 11 9 40%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100

Yemen

Palestine

Libya

Iraq

Egypt

Jordan

SaudiArabia

Oman

Kuwait

Algeria

Morocco

Bahrain

Lebanon

Qatar

UAE

Tunisia

7567

33

5350

44

60

3628

14 17

31

5 16 10 20%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Arabic English Other French

2013


138/203

217

218

4. Arabic domain names

2013

47

219

TABLE 47. Registered Arabic ccTLDs in the Arab countries

Country ccTLD Arabic ccTLD Registration date

Algeria 2011

Egypt 2010

Jordan 2010

Morocco 2011

Oman 2011

P

regional profile of the information society in the arab region - 2013

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