regulating green open space in fishing village of sukolilo … · railroad tracks, sutet), and...

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 21 (2018) pp. 15212-15217© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

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Regulating Green Open Space in Fishing Village of Sukolilo Surabaya

Broto Wahyono Sulistyo1, Wiwik Widyo Widjajanti2, Yulfiah3

1Lecturer, Department of Architecture, FTSP, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS), Indonesia.2Lecturer, Department of Architecture, FTSP, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS), Indonesia.

3Lecturer, Departement of Environmental Engineering, FTSP, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS), Indonesia.

AbstractIn the fishing village of Sukolilo Surabaya, the settlementenvironment requires restructuring efforts in particular thepresence of green open spaces, which is can improve thequality of the environment. The research method used is acombination of qualitative and quantitative research withcomprehensive descriptive analysis, sampling in the fishingsettlement area of Sukolilo Village, Bulak District, Surabaya.Tthis study was a study of the development concept, as wellas a model of structuring green open spaces in the coastalfishing villages. It is expected that the results of this study canprovide a discourse on government policy regarding theimplementation of the procurement of urban green openspace, in the development of areas to spur economic andsocial growth of coastal fishing communities, especially inSurabaya and other coastal areas in Indonesia, which cansignificantly increase income and the welfare of fishermen'sfamilies, which are related to the sea and the coast.Keywords: Green Open Space (RTH), RTH arrangementmodel, Fisherman Village

INTRODUCTIONThe scene that is often found in fishing villages is very slumsand very simple houses. The characteristic of the environmentof the house where the fisherman lives includes the conditionof the house and their slumness, and the lack of green openspace. In the residential environment of coastal areas,especially in Sukolilo Village, Bulak Surabaya District, it is indire need of structuring and developing green open spaces, sothat the life of the fishing community is more comfortable.The arrangement of green open space is needed as an aestheticelement, forming space, limiting, shade, and as the regulatorof the ecology of the environment. For coastal areas in thefishing village, the concept of development and the greenopen space structuring model does not yet exist that cansignificantly improve the quality of the environment, so thatthe health and welfare of the fishing community increase.Therefore, the problems that can be formulated are as follows:What is the concept and model of structuring green openspace in fishermen's settlement environment that is inaccordance with the existing conditions, so that it can be a

discourse in improving government policies in drafting agreen open space arrangement program in coastal areas?Criteria in the construction of Public Green Open Space(RTH) adopted in this writing are the main criteria for greenspace functions as stated in Permen PU No. 05/2008 asfollows: Social and cultural functions, including: expressionof local culture, media of citizen communication, recreation,container and object of research; Aesthetic functions,including: improving the comfort of the area, stimulating thecreativity of citizens, forming architectural beauty factors,creating harmony and balance of the built and not; Economicfunctions, including: sources of products sold, parts ofbusinesses; Ecological functions, including: as the lungs of thecity, microclimate regulators, as shade, oxygen producers,rainwater absorbers, providers of animal habitats, absorptionof pollutants in the air and water and soil, windbreaks.Forms of Green Open Space, cities have various versionsdepending on the source of the applicable regulations. Amongthem, according to a document entitled "Green Open Space asa Building Element of the City Park", in 2005 the DirectorGeneral of Spatial Planning stated that green open spaceconsists of: Private Open Space: home page, office yard,school yard, place of worship, yard hospitals, hotel yards,industrial estates, stations, airports and municipal farms;Public Open Space: recreation park, sports park / field, citypark, public cemetery park, green line (road border, river,railroad tracks, SUTET), and urban forest (HK conservation,HK tourism, HK industry).Function of Green Open Space, open space cannot beseparated from humans both psychologically, emotionally, ordimensionally. Humans are in space, moving, living, andthinking, also making space to create their world (DjokoSujarto, 1999: 91). Open space is actually a container that canaccommodate certain activities from people in the region.therefore, open space has a contribution that will be given tohumans in the form of a positive impact. These functions areas follows: Social functions; playground, exercise; a place torelax; place of social communication; transitional place orwaiting place; provide city space reserves for emergencypurposes; as a means of connecting between one place andanother; as a barrier or distance between the mass of the


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building; Ecological Function; air refresh; rainwaterabsorbent; solar radiation controller; flood control; maintaincertain ecosystems; building softener architecture; reducenoise; absorb dust.The concept of a Green Open Space, in relation to theprocurement of green open spaces, there are several conceptsthat can be used, including those originating from, YoshinobuAshihara. Outer space needs to be planned properly, to planoutside space, the elements to be considered are: Function ofouter space, outer space must be planned according to thefunction given, whether as a stationary space (static) or amoving space (dynamic); Scale outside space, to avoidboredom in the arrangement of outer space, it is necessary tochange the quality of space at every distance of 21-24 meters,the module is the scale of outer space; Outer space hierarchy,outer space has a hierarchy ranging from public to privatelevel or vice versa. The hierarchy of space has consequenceson the size of the outer space and the provision of outdoorfurniture; Scoping of the outer space (outer enclosure) can beformed due to scoping or an enclosure formed by the outerwall elements. In order to cover well, the elements of the outerspace must at least be able to break the human eye or with aheight more than the height of the human eye.

METHODUsing qualitative and quantitative research methods, trying tocapture aspects that influence the existence of green openspaces through environmental structuring so as to improve thequality of the fishing village environment. In this studytreating fisherman households as an instrument to understandliving conditions in fishing communities. The implementationof the research used sampling technique, the population wasthe population of fishermen settlements at the coastalobservation location in Surabaya. With primary data andsecondary data, the analysis is then carried out, synthesis is aconcept and model of green open space (RTH) arrangement offishing villages in coastal areas. Also includes a model forempowering fishermen's families, this is expected to improvetheir standard of living and welfare.

DISCUSSIONSurabaya City Spatial Planning PolicyBased on the Surabaya City Spatial Plan for 2010-2030, thatin order to realize the sustainable development of SurabayaCity, it is necessary to stipulate directives for the arrangementand utilization of regional space in an efficient, effective,harmonious, harmonious, balanced and sustainable manner;that the direction of structuring and managing sustainableregional space can be realized if supported by the integrationof development between sectors and between actors bothbetween various work units within the regional governmentand the community and / or the business world; that with theenactment of UU 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, it isnecessary to make adjustments to the Surabaya City Spatial

Plan so that the Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2007(Perda) concerning the Surabaya City Spatial Plan needs to beadjusted. Based on clause 3, the Regional Spatial Plan isprepared based on the principle of integration; suitability,harmony and balance; sustainability; empowerment andusefulness; openness; togetherness and partnership; protectionof public interests; legal certainty and justice; andaccountability.

Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs on GreenOpen Space ArrangementMinister of Home Affairs Regulation number 1 of 2007,concerning Green Open Spatial Planning for Urban Areas;that the development and growth of cities / cities accompaniedby rapid land use change, has caused environmental damagethat can reduce the carrying capacity of land in sustaining thelives of people in urban areas, so that efforts need to be madeto maintain and improve the quality of the environmentthrough the provision of adequate green open space .RTHKP arrangement includes planning, utilization andcontrol activities, as follows: Planning, in clause 9 includes;The ideal area of RTHKP is at least 20% of the urban area;Area of RTHKP as referred to in paragraph (1) includespublic and private RTHKP; The area of the public RTHKP asreferred to in paragraph (2) of its provision becomes theresponsibility of the district / city government which is carriedout in stages in accordance with the capabilities of eachregion; Private RTHKP as referred to in paragraph (2) shall bethe responsibility of private parties / institutions, individualsand communities that are controlled through space utilizationpermits by the Regency / City Government, except DKIJakarta Province by the Provincial Government. Utilization, inclause 12 includes; Utilization of RTHKP includes newdevelopment activities, maintenance, and security of greenopen spaces; The utilization of public RTHKP is managed bythe Regional Government by involving development actors;Public RTHKP cannot be converted; The use of publicRTHKP as referred to in paragraph (2) can be cooperated withthird parties or between local governments; The utilization ofprivate RTHKP is managed by individuals or legal institutions/ bodies in accordance with the legislation; The utilization ofRTHKP is enriched by incorporating various local wisdoms inspatial planning and construction of garden buildings thatreflect local culture. Control, in clause 14 includes; The scopeof control of the RTHKP includes: the target of achieving aminimum area; functions and benefits; Area and location; andconformity of construction specifications with technicaldesigns. RTHKP control as referred to in paragraph (1) iscarried out through licensing, monitoring, reporting andcontrol. Tree felling in the public RTHKP area is strictlylimited and must be authorized by the Regional Head.


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General Overview City of Surabaya

Figure 1. Location of City of Surabaya

Figure 2. Maps of Surabaya and Bulak District

Figure 3. Maps of Sukolilo Vilage, Bulak District

Sukolilo Baru is a village in Bulak District, Surabaya City,East Java Province. This village is the result of a merger of theKenjeran Complex Village and Sukolilo Village. The fishing

community of Surabaya City that grows naturally. Thephenomenon of migration is also very felt in the fishingvillage of Sukolilo, namely the large number of people whoare indigenous Madurese who depend on Surabaya City andlive in fishing villages. Therefore, the growth anddevelopment of the settlement of the fishing village is notsupported by the fulfillment of good basic infrastructurefacilities, so that it guides the fishing village of Sukolilo in anenvironment that is identical with slums. In addition, the lackof green open space as a means of the community's socialcommunity can hardly be found in the fishing village ofSukolilo. Based on these problems the settlement environmentin the fishing village of Sukolilo is not conducive or can besaid to be far from a good residential environment, so that itmakes more saturation in the neighborhood where thefishermen of Sukolilo fishing village live. Therefore, it isnecessary to design the settlement area of the Sukolilo fishingvillage with the concept of livable settlement as outlined in analternative design design or Urban Design Guidelines(UDGL). The application of the design concept is expected tobe able to direct the settlement of the Sukolilo fishing villagewhich is comfortable as a place to live in the coastal area.

Based on the results of the review of the Minister of PublicWorks Decree No. 20 / KPTS / 1985 concerning TechnicalGuidelines for Simple Non-Compound HousingDevelopment, it is known that the density of houses in thefishing village of Sukolilo belongs to the high category. In thiscase, the level of concentration of buildings in the Sukolilofishing village area is very dense with the boundaries betweenresidents' houses that are almost not clearly visible. Inaddition, many residents' houses jutted and ate the beach area,in addition to being a place to stop fishing boats. Another factis that houses built 30 meters from the edge of the water usedurug land, so the people of Sukolilo increased land by seizingland and building their houses.

Concept and Green Open Space Management Model

The concept of design in the arrangement of green openspaces is divided into 3 areas based on the function of theplace of activity, namely the area of occupancy of the fishingvillage, processing area of seafood, tourist areas and parks.The concept of Sukolilo fishing settlements uses waterfrontorientation, namely the orientation of settlements that aredirectly connected to the road and the element of water willstrongly support the work of tough fishermen. The inside-outorientation will be very supportive of the fish processingwork, because the central space that becomes the orientationinside can become a fish processing room. Both orientationsare incorporated in recurrent composition in spaceorganizations.

BULAK DISTRICT


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Figure 4.a. Site Plan b. Site Plan (Dock Reclamation Park)

The Green Open Space proposed for the Sukolilo fishingvillage is as follows: Green open space as a playground orgarden, green open space design as a children's playground inthe fishing village of Sukolilo is an area equipped with playfacilities, such as swings, slides, seesaw , sand box and others.Green open space as a private space, private green open spacefor the fishing village area with limited land can be applied tothe vertical garden system, where plants are arranged upwardsto save space, using a rack system. Green open space as ameans of community activities, the existence of green open

spaces for the social economic activities of the fishingcommunity. Boat tethering is an important facility for fishingvillages, equipped with repairs to boats and fishingequipment, fishing equipment stores, fishing rods. In addition,facilities are also provided that can support the economy ofthe fishing community, namely in the form of areas to sellcatches and processed sea products. This area is planned to belocated on the side of the dock area that is connected closestto the land side, so that it is easily accessible for the peoplewho come.

Figure 5. Sun-dried Stage and Pergola

Reclamation Parkand Fishing Dock

Sun Dried Stageand Sliding Porch

SUN DRIED STAGE ANDPERGOLA

SUN DRIED STAGEAND PERGOLA

WOOD

IRON PROFILEPARASUTES WIRE NETWORK

WOVEN

WAVE SHAPE

SUN DRIEDSTAGE

ROADSUPPORT FACILITIES

PLANTMEDIA

WOVEN


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Figure 6. Reclamation Park

Figure 7. Dock

Vegetation, planting vegetation as shade and dealing with airpollution, by planting a number of plants that are effective forneutralizing odors. These types of plants include: sansivera(Parental Tongue), to eliminate unpleasant odors in an area of100 square meters enough with 4-5 leaves of Sansivera adults.

One Sansivera leaf is able to absorb as much formaldehyde asmuch as 0.938 Mg per hour; gardenia, at the beginning of thesummer the aroma of the Gardenia Flower that protrudes fromthe shrubs gives an extraordinary sensation.

Figure 8. Sliding Porch

RECLAMATION PARK (Nets) RECLAMATION PARK (Nets)

DOCK

SLIDING PORCH ANDBOTTLES WALL

ROADSUPPORT FACILITIES

PLANTMEDIA

RECREATIONPARK WOOD & ROCK

SHIP TOIL

ROPES

WOODGRAVEL CONCRETE

SMOOTH GRAVEL

TURAPSTONEROCK

GRASSBLOCK

WOODCONCRETE DOLLARPLANT

IRON PROFILE

WASTE BOTTLES WALL

WOOD

UNPOLISHED CERAMIC


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CONCLUSION

With efforts to organize green open spaces in the fishingvillage of Sukolilo, it is expected to develop the potential ofthe region as a producer of marine products and processedseafood production.

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[4] Imron, Masyhuri. 2003.Kemiskinan dalam MasyarakatNelayan dalam Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya.PMB –LIPI. Vol. V No. 1/2003.

[5] Katerina, Reza Fernando, Dyah J.Anindyajati, HappyR.Santosa. 2013. Dwelling Units Improvement Usingthe General Guidelines for Healthy Simple House inKalisari Timur Fishermen Village in Surabaya. Journalof Environmental Science, Computer Science andEngineering & Technology. JECET, December 12-February 2013,Volume 2,Nomor 1,152-159.

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[10] Rusli. 2011. Upaya Peningkatan Hunian KampungNelayan di Kota Donggala.Jurnal Ruang,Volume 3,Nomor 1, Maret 2011.Jurusan Arsitektur FakultasTeknik Universitas Tadulako.

[11] Suprijanto, Iwan. 2004.Reformasi Kebijakan danStrategi Penyelenggaraan Perumahan danPermukiman.Jurnal Dimensi Volume 32,Nomor2,Desember 2004. Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas TeknikUniversitas Kristen Petra, Surabaya.

[12] Suprijanto, Iwan. 2002.Karakteristik Spesifik,Permasalahan dan Potensi dan Potensi PengembanganKawasan Kota Tepi Laut/Pantai (Coastal City) di

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