regulating urban land use in sri lanka and the case of balangoda
TRANSCRIPT
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Regulating of Urban Land Use in Flood Prone Areas
Resilient cities 2013 The 4th global forum on urban resilience and adaptation
31st May- 2 June, Bonn, Germany.
Plnr. Indu S. Weerasoori
Project Manager - DRR
UN-Habitat - Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka
• It is a tropical Island in the Indian ocean.
• The land area is 65,610 sq.Km
• Population is 2.5 million
• Mean temperature ranges from 17 °C in central highlands to a maximum of 33 °C in other low-altitude areas.
• Average yearly temperature ranges from 28 °C to nearly 31 °C . Day and night temperatures may vary by 14 °C to 18 °C .
• Divers topographic features
• With two annual Monsoons(South-West, North-East)
• Annual rain fall- 900mm- 5000 mm
Batticaloa
Balangoda
Colombo
Distance : 135 km (3 hours)
Distance : 300 km (6 hours)
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Key Partners in Regulating Urban Land Use
• National physical Planning Department(NPPD)
-National physical plan and policy
-Regional Plan
• Urban Development Authority( UDA)
- Integrated Development plan for Declared areas
• Ministry of Local Government and Local Authority
- Local Government Policy and delegated powers from UDA
• Ministry of Lands
- Land use policy.
• Department of Coast conservation .
-Management of Coastal areas.
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LOCATION OF BATTICALOA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AREA
Source: Google earth, May 18, 2013
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OVERVIEW OF BATTICALOA TOWN
• Location : 314 km from Colombo on the east
coast (Coastal Town)
• District capital : Batticaloa district
• Status of the local Authority : Municipal
Council
• Annual rainfall: 864 to 3,081mm
• North – East monsoon: During October to
January
• Mean Annual Temperature: 32° C
• Land Area :75.09km2
• Shoreline :4km
• Elevation 1.2m to 4.0m (MSL)
• Population: 94609
• Economic Base: Agriculture (Paddy and
Fishery)
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LAND USE IN 2012
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Risk
Zone
Hazard Type
1 Flood, Cyclone
2 Flood, Tsunami,
Cyclone
3 Flood, Cyclone
4 Flood, Cyclone
5 Flood, Cyclone
6 Tsunami, Cyclone,
Flood
7 Flood, Cyclone
1
3 7
6
5
4
2
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Hazard Period of
Occurrence Return Period Locations Year & Month
Flood
Flash floods
North – East Monsoon period
(December – April)
Every year Thiraimadu Saththurukondan Amirthakali Dutch Bar Navalady Manjjannthoduvai Navatkuudahh
Puthunagar Thimilathivu Veechikalmunai Sathukam PalameenMaduPuliyanthivu
50-75m surrounding area of
lagoon
Not Available
Minor floods
(100 – 150mm) 3 – 5 years
2004 / September 1997 / March 1994 / January 1994 / November 1993 / December 1989 / September 1987 / February 1986 / January 1980 / November
1971 / January
Major floods
(150 – 250mm) 10 – 20 years
2009 / December 1999 / December 1978 / December
1957
Cyclones Cyclonic Storms 30 years High impact to Costal Belt 1967, 1931
Cyclones 30 years Moderate impact to Entire BMC Area
1907, 1978 , 2000
Sea Level Rise
(Coastal Erosion)
Frequently occurs Frequently occurs
Coastal areas of Navalady Dutch Bar, Thiruchendhoor
Nochchimunai, Palameenmad Not Available
Tsunami Unpredictable Unpredictable Coastal Belt 2004 / December
HAZARD IN AND AROUND THE CITY
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Zoning Map of Batticaloa MC
2012
Water Body
Road Network
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Tools & Toolkits - Zoning Plan and It ‘s Rules and
Regulations - Sub Divisions of Land - Planning & Building
Regulations - Guide plan/ Urban Design - Layout & Building Design - Environmental & Landscape
Plan - EIA/ IEA/ SEA
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Flood Risk Areas
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Reservations of lagoons should be maintained 10M from the permanent vegetation line.
Reservations maintained 3M from main canals
Flood Protection – Through Zoning Guidelines
10m 3m
Canal
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Flood protection systems
control the Lagoon overflow –
guidelines and design
Building Guidelines
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REGULATING URBAN LAND USE IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN BALANGODA
‘Dorawela Oya’ rehabilitation and Urban Flood Management Project
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• Balangoda is a small township located in Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka.
• Local Authority: Balangoda Urban Council
• Area: 16.2 km2
• Population : 35,835 (Sinhalese - 56%, Tamil - 20% , Muslim - 24%)
• Population Growth rate: 1.2
• Avg. Population density - 2214 per 1km2
• Annual Rainfall - 2100mm
• Economic Base: Agriculture (Tea, Paddy) , Gem mining..)
OVERVIEW
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LOCATION
Source: Google earth, January 18, 2013
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‘DORAWELA OYA’ REHABILITATION AND URBAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT
1st Phase
Aims on.. 1. River Bank Stabilization 2. Flood reduction 3. Landscape enhancement
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LAND USE GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS
• Preliminary planning clearance should be obtained from UDA/ LA.
• Leisure activities are
encouraged in the area
• Promote Water Front recreational activities.
• No any residential building Within buffer zone.
• Separate regulations for
waste water disposal. (Domestic waste water treatment unit is compulsory in buildings in the area)
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LAND USE GUIDELINES (Contd.)
• Commercial uses are restricted along the bypass road
• Storm water Drainage master plan is enforced
• Regulations for Foundation level of the buildings
(erection of foundation level pegs).
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Conclusion
• Urbanization is not an exceptional for these cities. • Land scarcity is a very acute problem. • Own Land has a sentimental value. • Relocation is very sensitive and a challenging task. • Single institute could not regulate land in flood prone
area. • It is a teamwork of multidisciplinary team. • Enforcement of regulation is not easy without legal
framework, political will and awareness. • Continuous awareness should be done for all the level Including political Authority
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Acknowledgment
• Urban Development Authority • University of Moratuwa
• UN-HABITAT • Municipal Council of Batticaloa
• Urban Council of Balangoda
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION