Reinventing Building Power

A Non-profit Alliance Creating Standards for use of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Power in Buildings

EMerge Alliance. All rights reserved.

THE ENERNET:

Hybrid AC/DC Building/Campus

Microgrids for Resilient Applications

INTERCONNECTED OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION MICROGRIDS:

THE ENERNET

• WHY? • WHAT? • HOW?• EARLY ADOPTERS

WE’RE AT A TIME OF INCREASING CHALLENGES TO OUR POWER SYSTEMS: FROM POINTS OF GENERATION - TO

POINTS OF USE - AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN

• Help Harvest Abundant New Supply of Electrons

• Maximize the Use Clean Renewable Sources

• Minimize Grid Expansion & Make It Less Intrusive

• Allow Massively Distributed Energy Resources

• Enable Digital Quality On-Off-Grid Operation

“Evolve to a massively distributed array of microgrid systems interconnected in an true mesh electric

power network”

Solution:

The ENERNET

Virtues1

2

3

4 Self Organizing

Presumption of Access Equality of Each Entity

Bottom-Up Public Structure

Strength of ‘Weak’ Transactive Cooperation

Self Healing = Resilient

Distributed Microgrids can capture the key virtues of the Internet using a similar topology

Building-Campus Microgrids will create a massively distributed mesh network of system sources, storage

and loads

1970 Today

Internet 50,000 7,500,000,000

Smart Grid 37,000 500,000

Enernet 37,000 1,700,500,000

Estimated # of Interconnected Nodes

Osaka, Japan: 2015

Residences:• Personal Power System• Operate on or off grid(s)• Under the owner’s total control• Conducts power transactions by choice• Basic infrastructure node in the Enernet

A Residential Microgrid Operates Independently or in Cooperation with Other Grids

Includes:• Site Based Solar Energy Production• Electricity Storage• Co-located Loads – Appliances, Devices• Intergrid Connection

A Residential Solar Sourced Microgrid Operates Independently or in Cooperation with Other Grids

Home Microgrids can be Ener-connectedinto Community Microgrids

Commercial “Building Level” Microgrids are Similar Commercial:• Corporate Power System• Operate on or off grid(s)• Under the owner’s total control• Conducts power transactions by choice• Basic infrastructure node in the Enernet

Includes:• Site Based Solar and Wind Energy

Harvesting/Production• Electricity Storage• Co-located Loads – Appliances, Devices• Intergrid Connection

Power Storage & Control

Office & Occupied Space

Factory or Warehouse

Data Center

Commercial “Building Level” Microgrids are Similar

Commercial Building Microgrids can be Ener-connected into Commercial Campus Microgrids

Community & Commercial Microgrids can be Ener-connected with Utility-Scale Microgrids

Wind Farm

Solar Farm

Sub-station

Sub-station

Commercial Campus

Microgrid

Community Microgrids

Peaking Power Plant

Utility Microgrids can be Ener-connected into the ‘Smart-Grid’

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

TheENERNET

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Base Load Power Plant

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

Utility Microgrids

Virtues1

2

3

4

Presumption of Access Equality of Each Entity

Bottom-Up Public Structure

Strength of ‘Weak’ Transactive Cooperation

Self Organizing Self Healing = Resilient

Combining the ideal solutions with the key virtues learned from the Internet

Nanogrids, Microgrids and Macrogrids are Organized into an Increasingly

Expansive and Inclusive Tiered Framework

The ENERNET

MacrogridsNational

Tier 3Regional

MicrogridsCommunity

Tier 2Campus

Nanogrids

Building

Tier 1Level, Room, Device Area

Transforming Traditional Power Gridsto an ENERNET Mesh Topology:

• Increases availability of clean energy from massively distributed solar and other renewable sources

• Improves, reliability and independence/security of electric energy

• Maintains the intrinsic value of the bulk power ‘Smart Grid’

• Improves ability to provide low cost electricity in underserved markets

• Provides an open, horizontal environment for energy innovation, new applications and new business models involving energy production, storage, and use

• Lowers the risk of future investments in power infrastructure

"Semi-conductors began to evolve in the 1940s and 1950s and have become the predominant means of using power, and about 80 percent of power used in commercial buildings must go through some form of power electronics so it can be converted to DC,"

quote from studies conducted by the Center of Power Electronics Systems at Virginia Tech.

Why Hybrid DC Power

END OF USE DEVICES

DC Lighting Home Entertainment Office Equipment Servers / Routers Portable devices Var. FrequencyDrive (AC, Refrigerators, washing machines, etc

PORTABILITY

DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES RISE OF DIGITAL ECONOMY

Demand for “digital quality” power is growing rapidly

Requires much higher reliability and quality

New devices have different characteristics

DC Power Markets & Benefits

DC power has applications in three different markets, with different primary benefits driving adoption in each:

No Phase /

Voltage

Balancing

Smaller

Footprint

per kW

Increased

Power Chain

Efficiency

Reduced

Distribution

Losses

Simple

Architecture /

Few

Conversions

Cable

Savings

Easy Integration

of Energy

Sources/Storage

Data Centers Telecom Building Microgrids

Other

Benefits:

Agency Status / Standards• 380VDC system standards currently released or under development through international efforts

UL (several products listed today) – cover all distribution system components

ETSI EN 300 132 -3-0 – power interface standard – RELEASED

ETSI EN 301605 – earthing and bonding for 400VDC systems - RELEASED

ITU – (ITU-T l.1200) – adopted ETSI voltage levels - RELEASED

IEC / IEEE (SG22H) – working group in place – new DC UPS standard –release in 2015

ATIS- 0600315.01.2015 – voltage levels standard - RELEASED

SCTE – committee started

NEC – Current edition applies to both AC and DC : Wiring , protection , safety

Continuous upgrades on 3 year cycle

EMerge Alliance - Focus on site and system application interfaces & interactions – RELEASED

YD/T 2378-2011 (China Standard) - RELEASED

Planned update for 336V (380VDC) mid to late 2015

NEMA / EPRI – work in progress

• Standards also needed for and driven by renewable resource deployments

Standardization Work Closely Harmonized to Agree on Aligned Global Standards

Hurdles to Adopting DC Have Been Overcome

Challenge Current State

Global voltage selection and adoption 380 VDC selected globally

Applicable standards for 380VDCMany International standards in place. Need to develop best practices and training.

Availability of 380VDC components (plugs, breakers, power strips)

380VDC components have been commercially available for several years

Availability of 380VDC loads(servers, storage, switches, etc)

Some 400V DC loads are available. More are in development.

Operational changes in Telecom vs. - 48V

Hybrid approach using 380/48V conversion maintains -48V at the rack380VDC loads will require operational changes, but are feasible (plugs instead of lugs). Migration path identified.

Safety concernsHRMG system design mitigates arc and shock potential

75+ USA Test, Beta, & Production SitesCommercial, Residential, Data Center Applications

NextHomeCampion HomesDetroit. MI

Higher Voltage DC Global FootprintAs of September 2015: 1150+ Systems have been deployed globally

Deployed across Asia, North America, Europe, and Africain a wide range of applications:• Telecom• Data Centers• Building-Campus Micro-grids• High Performance Computing

US Telecom

European Telecom

Level 3

US Data Center Integrator

Canadian Telecom

Xiamen University

New Construction Bldg – 4,400 m2

• ABB Power Distribution– In: 16KV AC– Out: 1MW @ 380Vdc– Battery Backup: 10 mins– Backup Generation

• 1,100m2 of 3,300m2 Vdc

• HP 2U, Blades & Storage Servers

• Demonstrated Benefits

– 10%+ Better Energy Efficiency, 1.18 PUE

– 15% Lower Capital Cost

– 25% Smaller Footprint

– 20% Lower Installation Costs

Rectifier

Battery Storage

Datacenter Servers

16KVac

3Ø

380Vdc

Photos courtesy of ABB* and HP*

380Vdc Data CenterZurich, Switzerland

Deep Renovation of existing 600,000 SF 2

Floor Bldg.• 380 Volt dc bus

architecture

• 50,000sf of 380Vdc DC Energized Racks

• 24v DC LED Lighting

• Wireless Lighting PWM/IPv6 Controls

• Control Phase I Early 2015

• Scalable design saved 50% CapEx.

• Stage II includes on-site solar farm (site has 110 acres of open field).

• Future ENERNET Node.

AC/DC Hybrid Data Center DemoPrinceton, New Jersey

Live 380VDC Demo Room @ Steel Orca

Components Display

Stultz 380VDC in Row Cooling GVA 380VDC Lighting

China Telecom Mega CenterInner Mongolia

Phase 1.1 finished 4 buildings: 65 sets

of LVDC systems.

Single system with dual bus output

DC Deployments in China

Source: Emerson Network Power

LVDC Deployments in China

Source: Emerson Network Power

Shanghai Baozhiyun IDC

80 systems of LVdc

240kW/system

AC+LVDC dual supply

LVDC Deployments in China

Source: Emerson Network Power

Tencent Modular IDC

12 server racksPower of each rack: 8kWBackup time: 10 minSpace area：3600mm（W）*5300mm（L）

LVDC Deployments in China

Source: Emerson Network Power

Baidu Yangquan IDC

Rectifier Charger

Phase One: 7 systems of 360kW LVDC

Phase Two: 63 Systems of 210kW LVDCRectifier Cabinet and separate Battery Charger

LVDC Deployments in China

Source: Emerson Network Power

380VDC France Telecom

FT datacenter Velizy, Emerson power system 380VDC 50kW capacity with 30 min lead-acid ，1+1 redundant

380VDC A

380VDC B

IBM and HP servers

Rect.

A

Rect.

BBatt.

A

Batt.

B

ENERGY PREMISES SERVER ROOM

LVDC Global Footprint

Source: Emerson Network Power

LVDC Global Footprint

Bachmann (Germany) 380VDC Datacenter/Microgrid

Emerson 380VDC systems

380VDC servers380VDC invertersAC servers

380VDC Data Center

Source: Emerson Network Power

Battery

336VDC

336/12VDC

380VDC+12VDC Solution for China Mobile -Harbin

LVDC Global Footprint

Source: Emerson Network Power

LVDC Global Footprint

Emerson in partnership with RSC installed 2 sites:• Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)

• Polytechnic RSC PetaStream - 1st in Russia by energy efficiency level with 2,401.4 Mflops/Watt

• #8 in local Top50 supercomputers list for Russia/CIS

• Feed from NetSure 9500 120kW Power system and using Vicor 400/12V DC/DC converters

• Joint Supercomputing Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (JSCC RAS)• RSC PetaStream - The first project on Intel® Xeon

Phi™ 7120D in Russia and CIS• Feed from NetSure 4015 30kW Power system

and using Vicor 400/12V DC/DC converters

LVDC Global Footprint

Source: Emerson Network Power

DCC+G European Microgrid Project

Office Building, Fraunhofer Institute in Germany

90kW +/- 380V DC Power System w/ Solar MPPT

Specs:Dual bus (+380V, -380V)

90kW=6x15kW rectifiers

30kW=2x15kW solar MPPT

(2) ACU+ controllers

24U enclosure

Verification sites:1.Fraunhoffer Institute – building microgrid2.Bachmann – green data center3.Phillips - lighting

LVDC Nanogrid - LightingMiddletown, Pennsylvania USA

DC Lighting + Energized Ceiling

Grid

• Full energized top and bottom rails of suspended ceiling

• 10,000sf of DC Lighting

• Traditional design / bid / build process

• Installation time was reduced to 50% vs. Traditional ac system

• Stage II solar ready

• Future ENERNET Node

3 Floors of Class A Office Space

• 14th Floor:T8 Fluorescent – No Controls

• 15th Floor:LED Retro Tube – No controls

• 16th Floor:LED Retro Tube – W SKY controls

• Dramatic Energy Savings75%!

• Future ENERNET node.

LVDC Nanogrid - LightingDetroit, Michigan

Source: Nextek Power Systems

Deep Renovation of 7 Story Office

Bldg.• 110,000sf of 24v DC

LED Lighting

• 70,000sf of DC Energized Ceiling

• Wireless Lighting Control

• Stage I Completed Late 2014

• Direct Coupled® Solar planned for Stage II

Solar Powered LVDC Lighting NanogridDearborn, Michigan

Source: Nextek Power Systems

DC FLEXZONE CEILING, LEDLIGHTING & OCCUPANCY

SENSORS

DC PHOTOVOLTAICS

DIFFUSED DAYLIGHTING

DC PHOTOVOLTAICS

NATIVE PLANTS,

IRRIGATION &

GROUNDWATER

INFILTRATION

PNC Financial Services Group Inc. announced the debut of its new net-zero energy bank branch during first quarter 2013 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

PNC branch exceeds LEED Platinum certification and is PNC’s most energyefficient building, using 50 percent less energy than a typical branch.

VEGETATIVE WALL

ENERGY RECOVERY UNIT

Whole Building DC MicrogridsFt. Lauderdale, Florida

Zero Building Designed 10, 000 SF

• Low Voltage dc LED Fixtures

• Power directly from on-site solar

• 50% less Energy than equivalent Branch Bank

• Net Zero Building

• Future ENERNET Node

Source: Armstrong World Industries

DC Microgrid Click & Brick Integration Cold Spring Kentucky

Five stores have 600 kW solar capacity = 750,000 kWh/yr. Newest is 200 kW in Los Alamos, New

Mexico. Clackamas Distribution Center in Oregon has a 500 kWh capacity, about 10% of building’s power.

Total solar production in 2014 was approximately 2.4 million kWh.

Source: Nextek Power Systems

Building/Campus AC/DC MicrogridsDetroit, Michigan

Source: Nextek Power Systems

Source: Nextek Power Systems

Greenbuild 2015Solar Power International 2016

Washington DCCONVENTION CENTER

A part of the HOW: Standards

E.J. CURTIS ASSOCIATES, INC.

Nicholson & Sun LLC

Connecting the Dots…

Standards Organizations We Work with to Advance DC Microgrid Technology / Use

Standards Activity

• Commercial Building Occupied Space

• Data Center & Central Office

• Task Level (desktop & plug loads)

• Whole Building Microgrids

• Residential & Light Commercial

• Retail/Specialty

• Bldg. Services (HVAC) / Outdoor/EV ChargingPending

Forming

New in 2015

Draft Dec. 2015

Issued Nov. 2015

Issued

Issued

System Application Standards

Globally Recognized Benefits of LVDC Distribution

• Single voltage (380VDC) global standards – fewer OEM equipment variations – potential equipment cost reduction

• Simplicity , scalability , ease of deployment

• High reliability – elimination of series conversion steps

• Power quality maintained (vs AC eco-mode)

• No need for phase balancing

• Elimination of harmonics impact

• Lower Total Cost of Ownership

• Migration path to true electric power network: Enernet

Definition:

The Enernet:Flexible, clean, efficient, resilient, affordable

and sustainable energy infrastructure

“Enernet" refers to the global power system that -- (i) is logically linked together by a

globally unique intergrid connection scheme applied at the points of common

connection between grids; (ii) is able to support transactionally based flow control

protocols based on the principles of free-market trade to achieve a balance of the

supply and demand for electricity; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either

publicly or privately, high level services included with the electric power infrastructure

described herein.

www.EMergeAlliance.org

Thank You !