А.V. Klimov, А.P. Lozovoy, I.V. Zhiganova

Relationship of energy metabolism and juvenile Pacific salmon survival

of during adaptation at sea

Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

(e-mail: klimov@kamniro.ru)

135°E 140°E 145°E 150°E 155°E 160°E 165°E 170°E 175°E 180°E 185°E 190°E 195°E 200°E40°N

45°N

50°N

55°N

60°N

65°N

Map of trawl station

O. nerka

1

155° 156°

51°

52°

53°

54°

O. kisutch

20

100

155° 156°

51°

52°

53°

54°

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha + keta

Summer trawl surveys of juvenile salmon in the coastal zone of West Kamchatka

2017

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

44,5

55,5

66,5

77,5

8

I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III

July August September October November December January February March April

%, p

rote

ins

%, l

ipid

s

pink chum sockeye coho chinook pink chum sockeye coho

LIPIDS

PROTEINS

Seasonal dynamics of total lipids and proteins in the muscle tissue of juvenile Pacific salmon

during migrations in the Okhotsk Sea

M (A

ver.)

±

SE

Min

-Max

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

The long-term dynamics of lipid content in the muscle tissue of juveniles of Pacific salmon

Coastal waters of Western Kamchatka 2009-2014

Jule

A

ugus

t

O. keta Ju

le

Aug

ust

Jule

A

ugus

t

Jule

A

ugus

t

Jule

A

ugus

t

O. nerka O. kisutch

O. tschawytscha O. masou

ichthyofauna of fresh water

species of Salmonidae graziery in fresh water

species of Salmonidae graziery in sea water

ichthyofauna of sea water

Basal metabolism of fish in different environmental conditions

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

Huro

flor

idia

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des

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(Winberg, 1956)

0123456789

101112131415161718

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Met

obol

ism

, %

Т (°С)

Trends of empirical dependences of water temperature on somatic growth and elements of metabolism of juvenile pink

in the sea basing on the empirical (7-13 ° С) and rated modeling (14-18 °С)

Ration

Assimilative energy

Active metabolism

Energy consumption for growth

К2/10

Basal metabolism

O. gorbuscha – 10% O. kisutch – 10 %

O. keta – 8 %

Conversion coefficient (K2) approximate to the physiological side-chapel

Daily ration

complete renewal of the food lump

per day from body weight

The relationship between temperature and the juvenile salmon ration

O. gorbuscha

O. keta

O. nerka

O. kisutch

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

8 9 10 11 12 13

Rat

ion,

% b

ody

wei

ght

Т (°С)

0123456789

101112131415161718

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Met

obol

ism

, %

Т (°С)

Trends of empirical dependences of water temperature on somatic growth and elements of metabolism of juvenile pink

in the sea basing on the empirical (7-13 ° С) and rated modeling (14-18 °С)

Ration

Assimilative energy

Active metabolism

Energy consumption for growth

К2/10

Basal metabolism

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1983 1984 1985

33300

3900

Cat

ch, t

spaw

ning

esc

apem

ent

norm

al

50°N

55°N

60°N

155°E 160°E 165°E 170°E

1st case

причина

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

2011 2012 2013

177691

34549

Cat

ch,t

spaw

ning

esc

apem

ent

extre

mel

y hi

gh 50°N

55°N

60°N

155°E 160°E 165°E 170°E

2nd case

Planktophages Predators

Copepoda

Mysidae

Euphausiacea

Pisces

O. keta O. kisutch

Mysidae

Euphausiacea

Decapoda

Pisces

Mysidae

Euphausiacea Decapoda

Pisces

O. tschawytscha

Mysidae

Euphausiacea

Pisces Other

O. masou

Copepoda

Mysidae

Hyperiidae Decapoda

Pisces

O. gorbuscha

Copepoda

Mysidae EuphausiaceaDecapoda

Pisces

O. nerka

Power spectrum

Shelf zones

50°N

55°N

60°N

155°E 160°E 165°E 170°E

CONCLUSION

The most critical time in the period at sea is the time when smolts leave the river

Period from juvenile emigration from the river and until leaving for the sea from the coastal zone there can take place a scenario under especial terms, where mortality is high

Over developed shelf juvenile salmon get adapted to live at sea in the coastal zone and leave it for the open sea being ready physiologically.

Narrow shelf makes small juvenile salmon to leave the zone quickly

Thank you for attention