RELATIVE CLAUSE

CLAUSES WITH WHO, THAT & WHICHRELATIVE CLAUSESENTENCE TYPESSIMPLE SENTENCE = ONE SUBJECT , ONE PREDICATECOMPOUND SENTENCE = TWO SIMPLE SENTENCE, OR MORE. THEY ARE LINKED BY THE CONJUNCTION AND, BUT, ORCOMPLEX SENTENCE = ONE SIMPLE SENTENCE, ONE OR MORE SUB- CLAUSE.COMPLEX SENTENCEA COMPLEX SENTENCE CONTAINS AT LEAST TWO CLAUSES; A MAIN CLAUSE AND A SUB-CLAUSEA MAIN CLAUSE IS A SUBJECT- VERB COMBINATION THAT CAN HAVE A FUNCTION INDEPENDENTLY AS A SENTENCE.A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE IS A SUBJECT VERB COMBINATION WHICH IS DEPENDENT ON THA MAIN CLAUSE FOR ITS MEANING, MAY FUNCTION IN A SENTENCE AS AN ADJECTIVE, AN ADVERB OR A NOUN.ADJECTIVE CLAUSE/ RELATIVE CLAUSEAN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE/RELATIVE CLAUSE USUALLY BEGINS WITH A PRONOUN, SUCH AS WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT, WHICH,WHERE, OR WHEN, AND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS THE NOUN OR PRONOUN WHICH IT DESCRIBES.AN ADVERB CLAUSEAN ADVERB CALUSE BEGINS WITH AN ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTION, SUCH AS BECAUSE, ALTHOUGH, IF OR WHILE AND IS FREQUENTLY FOUND AT THE BEGINNING OR THE END OF A SENTENCE.EXAMPLE : ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE TRIEDIF HE DIDNT HELP US A NOUN CLAUSEA NOUN CLAUSE BEGINS WITH WORD THAT OR QUESTION WORD, SUCH AS WHY, WHAT, OR HOW, AND CAN FUNCTION IN A SENTENCE IN ANY OF THE WAYS THAT NOUN CAN.EXAMPLE :HOW HE GOT ITWHY THE BABY CRIED..SC OR MCAFTER THEY ARRIVED SC/ SUB- CLAUSETHEY ARRIVED MC / MAIN CLAUSEWE HAVE BEEN STUDYINGAFTER THE TEAM PLAYEDWHICH YOU GAVE METHE HOUSE IS BIGALTHOUGH SHE IS CLEVERBECAUSE THE BOOK IS TOO HEAVYSTUDYING ENGLISH IS IMPORTANTWHOM YOU MET IN THE RESTAURANTTHEY RECEIVED A LETTERWHAT YOU SAID TO MEIF PRICES CONTINUE TO CLIMBI HAVE READ ITWHENEVER YOU WANTUNLESS YOU CAME* MAIN CLAUSE = SUBJECT AND VERB, INDEPENDENT* SUB CLASE = SUBJECT AND VERB, DEPENDENT TO THE MAIN CLAUSE* PHRASE = WITHOUT SUBJECT NOR PREDICATE, A COLLECTION OF WORDSPHRASE, SUB CLAUSE AND MAIN CLAUSEAN ADULT AMERICAN ALLIGATOR WILL RANGE IN THE LENGTH FROM SIX TO TWENTY FEET

SC, MC, PHRWHOSE WHOM - WHEREWE SAW SOME PEOPLE.THEIR CAR HAD BROKEN DOWN.WE SAW SOME PEOPLE WHOSE CAR HAD BROKEN DOWNI WANTED TO SEE A WOMAN.SHE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAY.THE WOMAN WHOM I WANTED TO SEE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAY.THE WOMAN I WANTED TO SEE WAS AWAY ON HOLIDAY

WE STAYED AT A HOTELTHE HOTEL WAS NOT VERY CLEAN.THE HOTEL WHERE WE STAYED WAS NOT VERY CLEAN.The woman who lives next door is a doctor.A clause is a part of a sentence. It tells us which person or thing ( or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means :The woman who lives next door ( who lives next door tells us which woman)People who like jazz music ( who like jazz music tells us what kind of people )We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people ( not thing). We use who instead of he/ she/ they.When we are talking about things, we use that or whichWhere is the cheese ? it was in the fridgeWhere is the cheese that ( which) was in the fridge? an architect, a burglar, a customer, a shoplifter, a coward, a pensioner, an atheist, a tenant.is someone who steals from a shop is someone who designs buildingsis someone who is not braveis someone who buys something from a shopis some one who pays rent to live in a house or flatis some one who breaks into a house to steal thingsis some one who no longer works and gets money from the office the had work.is someone who doesnt believe in God. A GIRL WAS INJURED IN THE ACCIDENT. SHE IS NOW IN HOSPITAL.A MAN ANSWERED THE PHONE. HE TOLD YOU WERE AWAY.A WAITRESS SREVED US. SHE WAS VERY IMPOLITE AND IMPATIENT.A BUILDING WAS DESTROYED IN THE FIRE. IT HAS NOW BEEN REBUILT.SOME PEOPLE WERE ARRESTED. THEY HAVE NOW BEEN RELEASED.A BUS GOES TO THE AIRPORT. IT RUNS EVERY HALF HOUR.HE INVENTED THE TELEPHONESHE RUNS AWAY FROM HOMETHEY ARE NEVER ON TIMETHEY STOLE MY CARTHEY WERE ON THE WALLIT MAKES WASHING MACHINESIT GIVES YOU THE MEANING OF WORDSIT WON THE RACEIT CAN SUPPORT LIFEIT CAN NOT BE EXPLAINED.BARBARA WORKS FOR A COMPANY..THE BOOK IS ABOUT A GIRLWHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE HORSE.THE POLICE HAHVE CAUGHT THE MENALEXANDER BELL WAS THE MAN .

WHATS HAPPENED TO THE PICTURES.A MYSTERY IS SOMETHING.A DICTIONARY IS A BOOK.I DONT LIKE PEOPLEIT SEEMS THAT EARTH IS THE ONLY PLANETRELATIVE CLAUSE IIPERSONTHINGSTHE WOMAN WHO LIVES NEXT DOOR IS A DOCTOR.THE WOMAN IS A DOCTORTHE WOMAN = SUBJECT.WHERE IS THE CHEESE THAT WAS IN THE FRIDGE ?THE CHEESE WAS IN THE FRIDGETHE CHEESE = SUBJECT.SUBJECT.JIKA RELATIVE CLAUSE MENERANGKAN TENTANG SUBJECT, MAKA WHO ATAU WHICH HARUS DI NYATAKAN/ DI TULIS.

PERSONTHINGSTom wanted to see a woman.She was away on holiday.The woman (who) Tom wanted to see was away on holidayThe woman = objectHave you found the keys that you lost?You lost the keyThe key = object

OBJECT.JIKA RELATIVE CLAUSE MENERANGKAN TENTANG OBJECT, MAKA WHO ATAU WHICH TIDAK HARUS DI NYATAKAN/ DI TULIS.( BOLEH DIHILANGKAN)

IN SOME SENTENCES, YOU DO NOT NEED WHO/WHICH.THE PEOPLE WHO WE MET AT THE PARTY WERE VERY FRIENDLY.THE PEOPLE WHO WORK IN THE OFFICE ARE VEY FRIENDLYTHE PEOPLE WHO I TALKED TO WERE VERY FRIENDLYTHE POSITION OF PREPOSITIONDO YOU KNOW THE WOMAN? TOM IS TALKING TO HER.DO YOU KNOW THE WOMAN TOM IS TALKING TO? ( NOT TO HER)I SLEPT IN THE BED LAST NIGHT.THE BED WAS NOT VERY COMFORTABLE.THE BED I SLEPT IN LAST NIGHT WASNT VERY COMFORTABLE.ARE THESE THE KEYS YOU WERE LOOKING FOR?YOU WERE LOOKING FOR THE KEYS.THE WOMAN HE FELL IN LOVE WITH LEFT HIM AFTER A FEW WEEKS?HE FELL IN LOVE WITH THE WOMAN.

WHAT HAVE YOU DONE WITH THE MONEY THAT I GAVE YOU?WHAT HAPPENED TO THE MONEY THAT WAS ON THE TABLE?DID YOU TAKE IT?

1. IT WAS AN AWFUL FILM. IT WAS THE WORST FILM THAT I HAVE EVER SEEN2. IT WAS AN AWFUL EXPERIENCE. IT WAS THE WORST THING THAT HAS EVER HAPPENED TO ME.THE WOMAN WHO LIVES NEXT DOOR IS A DOCTOR.HAVE YOU FOUND THE KEYS THAT YOU LOST?THE PEOPLE WHO WE MET AT THE PARTY WERE VERY FRIENDLY.THE PEOPLE WHO I TALKED TO WERE VERY FRIENDLYTHE PEOPLE WHO WORK IN THE OFFICE ARE VERY FRIENDLY.WHAT HAVE YOU DONE WITH THE MONEY I GAVE YOU?WHAT HAPPENED TO THE MONEY THAT WAS ON THE TABLE? DID YOU TAKE IT?IT WAS AN AWFUL FILM. IT WAS THE WORST FILM THAT I VE EVER SEEN.IT WAS AN AWFUL EXPERIENCE. IT WAS THE WORST THING THAT HAS EVER HAPPENED TO ME.EXERCISEWE HIRED A CARANN IS WEARING A DRESSYOU LOST SOME KEYSYOU ARE GOING TO SEE AFILMYOU HAD TO DO SOME WORKWE WANTED TO VISIT A MUSEUMI INVITED SOME PEOPLE TO THE PARTYTOM RECOMMENDED A HOTEL TO US.HAVE YOU FOUND THE KEYS you lost?I LIKE THE DRESS Ann is wearingTHE MUSEUM we wanted to visit.. WAS SHUT WHEN WE GOT THEREWHATS THE NAME OF THE FILMwe are going to see?SOME OF THE PEOPLE we were invited. COULD NOT COME.HAVE YOU FINISHED THE WORK you had to do ?THE CAR we hired . BROKE DOWN AFTER A FEW MILES.WE STAYED AT A HOTEL Tom recommended to..EXERCISE IIWE WENT TO A PARTY LAST NIGHTI WORK WITH A NUMBER OF PEOPLEYOU WERE LOOKING FOR SOME KEYS.YOU CAN RELY ON GEORGEIAPPLIED FOR A JOBI SAW YOU WITH A MANWE WERE INVITED TO A WEDDINGYOU TOLD ME ABOUT A HOTELARE THESE THE KEYyou were looking for.?UNFORTUNATELY WE COULD NOT GO TO THE WEDDING..we were invited toI ENJOY MY JOB. I LIKE THE PEOPLEI work withWHATS THE NAME OF THAT HOTEL.you told me about

uTHE PARTY we went to WASNT VERY ENJOYABLE.I DIDNT GET THE JOBI applied for..GEORGE IS A GOOD PERSON TO KNOW. HES SOMEBODYyou can rely on..WHO WAS THAT MAN ..I saw you with.. IN THE RESTAURANT?PUT IN THAT OR WHATI GAVE HER ALL THE MONEY . I HAD.THEY GIVE THE CHILDREN EVERYTHING.THEY WANT.TELL ME .. YOU WANT AND ILL TRY TO GET IT FOR YOU.WHY DO YOU BLAME ME FOR EVERYTHINGGOES WRONG?I WONT BE ABLE TO DO MUCH BUT ILL DO THE BEST ..I CAN.I CAN ONLY LEND YOU TEN POUNDS. ITS ALLCHOICES I CAN BUY SOME POSTCARD THEREANN BOUGHT A DRESS THEREJOHN IS STAYING THEREI WAS BORN THEREWE CAN HAVE A REALLY GOOD MEAL THEREWE HAD THE CAR REPAIRED THEREI RECENTLY WENT BACK TO THE TOWN where I was born.DO YOU KNOW THE RESTAURANT where we can have good meal. ?IS THERE A SHOP NEAR HEREwhere I can buy some postcard.?I CANT REMEMBER THE NAME OF THE GARAGEwhere we had the car repairedDO YOU KNOW THE NAME OF THE HOTELwhere John is staying.. ?ANN BOUGHT A DRESS WHICH DID NOT FIT HER, SO SHE TOOK IT TO THE SHOPwhere she bought SOME ONE SAID : MY WIFE IS AN ENGLISH TEACHER.1. ( WOMAN) MY MOTHER WRITES DETECTIVE STORIES..2. MY AMBITION IS TO CLIMB EVEREST.3. MY WIFE IS AN ENGLISH TEACHER4. WE HAVE JUST GOT MARRIED5. (WOMAN ) I OWN A RESTAURANT6. MY PARENTS USED TO WORK IN A CIRCUSWHOSE, WHOI MET SOMEBODYI MET A MAN .I MET A WOMAN I MET SOMEBODY ..I MET A COUPLE I MET SOMEBODY ..WHO/WHOM/WHOSE/WHEREWHATS THE NAME OF THE MAN ..CAR YOU BORROWED?A CEMETERY IS A PLACE DEAD PEOPLE ARE BURIED.A PACIFIST IS A PERSON BELIEVES THAT ALL WARS ARE WRONG.AN ORPHAN IS A CHILD . PARENTS ARE DEAD.THE PLACE .WE SPENT OUR HOLIDAYS WAS REALLY BEAUTIFUL.THIS SCHOOL IS ONLY FOR CHILDREN ..FIRST LANGUAGE IS NOT ENGLISHI DONT KNOW THE NAME OF THE WOMAN TO I SPOKE ON THE PHONE.RELATIVE CLAUSE 3

Without comma, it tells whichj person or thing the speaker means.Plus comma= we already know which things or person.The woman who lives next door is a doctor.We stayed at the hotel ( that) Ann recommend to us.My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor.We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.RELATIVE CLAUSE 3You can use 'that' for 'who' or ' which'You may not use thatDo you know anyone who/ that speaks French and Italian?Barbara works for a company ( which/ that) makes washing machines.John, who speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide.We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.Who/THATWHOMThis morning I met somebody ( that/who) I had not seen for ages.This morning I met Diane, whom I had not seen for ages.whomokokWe met some people whose car had broken down. ( we met some people. Their car had broken down)What s the name of the place where you spent your holiday?

Amy, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.Mrs. Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, where her daughter lives.Whose, whereEXERCISESWE WENT TO SANDRAS PARTY. ( WE ENJOYED IT VERY MUCH)I WENT TO SEE A DOCTOR. ( HE TOLD ME TO REST FOR A FEW DAYS)JOH IS ONE OF MY CLOSEST FRIENDS . ( I HAVE KNOWN FOR A VERY LONG TIME)WE WENT TO SANDRAS PARTY, WHICH WE ENJOYED VERY MUCH.I WENT TO SEE A DOCTOR ( WHO/THAT) TOLD ME TO REST FOR A FEW DAYS.JOHN IS ONE OF MY CLOSEST FRIENDS, WHO I HAVE KNOWN FOR A VERY LONG TIME.WHETHER THE SENTENCE NEEDS A COMMA OR NOTI WAS LOOOKING FOR A BOOK THIS MORNING. I HAVE FOUND IT NOW.I HAVE GOT A BROTHER CALLED JIM. HE LIVES IN LONDON. HE IS A POLICEMAN.I WAS LOOKING A BOOK (WHICH/THAT) I HAVE FOUND IT NOW.MY BROTHER JIM, WHO LIVES IN LONDON, IS A POLICEMAN.There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over.London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling.The strike at the car company that/ which lasted for ten days is now over.The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling Who/whom/where/whose/whichThe new stadium will be opened next month. It can hold 90.000 peopleWe often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only about 30 miles away.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. My brother lives thereSheila is away from home a lot. Her job involves a lot of travellingTHE NEW STADIUM, WHICH CAN HOLD 90.000 PEOPLE, WILL BE OPENED NEXT MONTH.WE OFTEN GO TO VISIT OUR FRIENDS IN BRISTOL, WHICH IS ONLY ABOUT 30 MILES AWAY.GLASGOW, WHERE MY BROTHER LIVES, IS THE LARGEST CITY IN SCOTLAND.SHEILA, WHOSE JOB INVOLVES A LOT OF TRAVELLING, IS AWAY FROM HOME A LOT.ALL OFMOST OFMARY HAS THREE BROTHERS. ALL OF THEM ARE MARRIED.MARRY HAS THREE BROTHERS, ALL OF WHOM ARE MARRIED.THEY ASKED ME A LOT OF QUESTIONS. I COULDNT ANSWER MOST OF THEM.THEY ASKED ME A LOT OF QUESTIONS,MOST OF WHICH I COULDNT ANSWER.THERE WERE A LOT OF PEOPLE AT THE PARTY. I HAD MET ONLY A FEW OF THESE PEOPLE BEFORE.THERE WERE A LOT OF PEOPLE AT THE PARTY, ONLY A FEW OF WHOM I HAD MET BEFORE.WE WERE GIVEN A LOT OF INFORMATION. MOST OF THE INFORMATION WAS USELESS.WE WERE GIVEN A LOT OF INFORMATION, MOST OF WHICH WAS USELESS.I HAVE SENT HER TWO LETTERS. SHE HAS RECEIVED NEITHER OF THESE LETTERS.

I HAVE SENT HER TWO LETTERS, NEITHER OF WHICH SHE HAS RECEIVED.JULIA HAS TWO SISTERS. BOTH OF HER SISTERS ARE TEACHERS.JULIA HAS TWO SISTERS, BOTH OF WHOM ARE TEACHERS. THE LADY WHOSE HUSBAND IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE CORPORATION PLEADED WITH HER SON TO COME BACK HOME.WHO SUBJECT ( PERSON)WHOM OBJECT (PERSON)WHOSE POSSESIONWHERE PLACEWHICH THINGWHEN TIMETHE FOLKTALE WHICH ITS HISTORY GOES BACK THOUSAND OF YEARS ORIGINATES FROM AN ASIAN COUNTRY.DO YOU HAPPEN TO KNOW THE GIRL WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS NOT INDONESIAN?THE PEOPLE WHOM I VISITED WERE VERY SMART.HER FATHER HAS A PAINTING WHICH ITS VALUE IS MORE THAN USD 10,000THE AREA WHERE THE GREAT WALL LIES IS MAGNIFICENT.IS THAT THE CITY WHERE YOU SPENT YOUR VACATION LAST YEAR ?I AM SURE EVERYBODY KNOWS THE RESTAURANT WHERE THE PRESIDENT USED TO HAVE DINNER THERE.THE HOUSE WHERE HE LIVES WITH HIS FAMILY HAS A SPANISH STYLE.I KNOW THE PARKING LOT WHERE HE USUALLY PARKS HIS CAR.DO YOU KNOW THE TIME WHEN WE ARE SUPPOSED TO MEET HIM.AUGUST IS THE MONTH WHEN INDONESIAN CELEBRATE THEIR INDEPENDENCE.I REMEMBER THE DAY WHEN I WON THE FOLKTALE-READING CONTESTTHE YEAR WHEN I WAS BORN WAS FULL OF PEACEID LIKE TO ASK THE TIME WHEN OURPLANE IS LANDING.PROMISEKEEP YOUR PROMISENEVER DENY /FAIL YOUR PROMISEWHOEVER SPREAD THE SEED ,HE WILL GET THE CROPS.