release from punishment: the price paid by entepreneurs
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Release from Punishment: The Price Paid by Entepreneurs. Article 76.1 of Russian Criminal Code. Zinaida Pogosova , National Research University Higher School of Economics, [email protected]. A rticle 76.1: main provisions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Release from Punishment: The Price Paid by Entepreneurs
Zinaida Pogosova, National Research University Higher School of Economics, [email protected]
Article 76.1 of Russian Criminal Code
Article 76.1: main provisions
The offender who committed а crime at the first time is released from criminal liability if the damage, caused to an individual, organization or state as a result of theoffense transferred to the federal budget or refund to an individual in the five-time amount of the damage.
Article 76.1: main provisions
ECONOMIC CRIMES
• Illegal banking activity• Illegal abtaining of credit• Illegal use of trademark• Manipulation of market• Premeditated bankruptcy• etc.
---- crimes of medium gravity – NOT AGGRAVATED CRIMES
NORMATIVE ALTERNATIVE
6 – 180 mln. rubl.
5 000. – 1 mln. rubl.
FREE
DO
M
CRIMIN
AL RECO
RD
Amounts of fines which should be paid under legal regulation
ст. 171 ч.
1
ст. 171.1 ч.
1
ст. 172 ч.
1
ст. 176 ч.
2
ст. 177
ст. 180 ч.
1
ст. 180 ч.
2
ст. 184 ч.
3
ст. 184 ч.
4
ст. 185 ч.
1
ст. 185.1
ст. 185.2 ч.
1
ст. 185.3 ч.
1
ст. 185.3 ч.
2
ст. 185.4 ч.
1
ст. 193 ч.
1
ст. 194 ч.
1
ст. 195 ч.
1
ст. 195 ч.
2
ст. 195 ч.
3
ст. 196
ст. 197
ст. 199.2
0.00р.
100 000.00р.
200 000.00р.
300 000.00р.
400 000.00р.
500 000.00р.
600 000.00р.
700 000.00р.
800 000.00р.
900 000.00р.
1000 000.00р.
Минимальная сумма штрафаМаксимальная сумма штрафа
FINE 5 000 RUB. – 1 MLN. RUB.
How to calculate the compensation for freedom
Compensation = income/damage + income/damage * 5
amount of income/damageХ6=
compensation
art. 176 p.2 «Illegal obtaining of credit»:
1 500 000 rub.(great damage)
Х6=
9 000 000 руб.
ст. 171 ч.
1
ст. 171.1 ч.
1
ст. 172 ч.
1
ст. 176 ч.
2
ст. 177
ст. 180 ч.
1
ст. 180 ч.
2
ст. 184 ч.
3
ст. 184 ч.
4
ст. 185 ч.
1
ст. 185.1
ст. 185.2 ч.
1
ст. 185.3 ч.
1
ст. 185.3 ч.
2
ст. 185.4 ч.
1
ст. 193 ч.
1
ст. 194 ч.
1
ст. 195 ч.
1
ст. 195 ч.
2
ст. 195 ч.
3
ст. 196
ст. 197
ст. 199.2
0.00р.
5000 000.00р.
10000 000.00р.
15000 000.00р.
20000 000.00р.
25000 000.00р.
30000 000.00р.
35000 000.00р.
40000 000.00р.
Минимальный размер наказания Максимальный размер наказания Минимальная сумма возмещения
Balance between fines and compensation
Implementation of economic crimes articles: statistical data
2009 г.2010 г.
2011 г.2012 г.
2013 г.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Обязательные работы
Штраф
Всего осуждено
Обязательные работы
Штраф
Всего осуждено
Infliction of penalty (2011 – 2013 January-June)
2011 2012 2013 ( I полуг од и е)
53
25
12
88 93
39
188
178
96
1 0 00 0 0
< 5 тыс.руб. 5-25 тыс.руб. 25-500 тыс.руб 500 тыс.руб. -1 млн. руб. > 1 млн. руб
Conviction and Release from criminal liability (2011 – 2013 I h.y.)
79%
21%
81%
19%
Всего осужденоОсвобождено от уголовной ответственности
85%
15%
Problem
• Release from criminal liability by paying compensation is not realised
• According to the rational choice approach it is profitable for the offender to be prosecuted
Research question
• What Price business representatives should Pay to have the opportunity to develop economic activity?
