reminder: projects due: 10 december end. reading assignment: chapter 24: flounders, puffers, and...
TRANSCRIPT
Reminder:
• Projects Due: 10 December
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Reading Assignment:Chapter 24: Flounders, Puffers, and Molas
ocean sunfish (Mola mola)
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Communication continued
1. Visual Signals continued• Thermoregulation• Intraspecific communication• Evasion of predators
2. Auditory Signals
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poster colors--complex color patterns
(common in reef fish)
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Function of Poster colors:• advertisement of territory ownership• contact between foragers• intraspecific communication of sex, status,
maturity (Labridae, Scaridae)• predator avoidance--cryptic on color
background• aposmatic coloration--advertisement of
danger (poison; spines)
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poster colors
butterfly fish
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poster colors
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poster colors
queen angelfishend
poster colors
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poster colors lionfish--aposmatic coloration
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disruptive coloration--patterns that disrupt outline
flicker fusion--patterned fish against patterned background
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
guitarfish
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disruptive coloration
camouflage
leafy seadragon end
eye concealment
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eye concealment
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eye concealment
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eye enhancement
French angelfish
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eye enhancement
moray eel
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eyespots
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lateral stripes
common in schooling spp
For orientation &
pred. confusion
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lateral stripes
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polychromatism
• different colors in different individuals– ex: midas cichlid
• gold morphs win comp. for food
• rarely common in wild (prob. due to pred.)
– ex: annual killifish• brightly colored morphs dominant--greater
reproductive success early
• dull forms live longer--rep. success later in season
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Midas cichlid
annual killifish
special patterns
Ex: egg-shaped spots on male cichlids– mouth brooders– females take eggs into mouth after laying– attempts to pick up “dummy” eggs aids
fertilization
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egg spots
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photophores dragonfish
Light producing cellsMost common in twilight-zone fishes 300-1000 m
Self-liminescence--liciferin/luciferace chem. react
Symbiotic luminescence--luminescent bacteria
in gland-like structuresend
photophores
lanternfishend
Communication continued:
1. Visual Signals
2. Auditory Signals
Auditory Signals--for communication
• Stridulation -- produced by bone-to-bone contact– occurs in Catfishes (Ictaluridae, Ariidae)– pectoral spines rub against socket– amplified by swim bladder
• Vibrating muscles & swim bladder– Sciaenidae (drum family)
Ariidae -- hardhead catfish
stridulation
stridulation
Ictaluridae -- channel catfish
sound production through muscle vibration
Sciaenidae
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Zoogeography of Freshwater Fish• Defn: Study of geographic distribution of
animals
Zoogeographic Types of FW Fishes:
1. Euryhaline marine fishes - can enter FWEx: bull shark; saw fishes
common in areas where FW fish not well developed (e.g. Central America)
Zoogeographic Types of Fishes: continued
2. Obligatory Freshwater Fishes - must spend at least part of life cycle in FW2a. Freshwater Dispersants - SW is barrier
Ex: Ostariophysi; Esosidae; Percidae; Poeciliidae; Lepisosteidae; Cichlidae
2b. Saltwater Dispersants - SW not barrierEx: diadromous fishes; anguillids; gobies; salmon
Give rise to non-migratory forms (FW drum)
Factors affecting distribution of fishes
• Center of origin--distribution of ancestors– distribution of proto-species or higher taxon
Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued• Time of origin--first appearance of species
– geological changes• sea level
• mountain building/erosion
• stream capture
– continental drift - position of continents– change in physical variables (temp., salinity)– dispersal takes time
Stream capture
Ocean
river
river
erosion
saltwater barrier
land barrier
dispersi
on
limit
Stream capture
Ocean
river
river
capture
dispersal
Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued
• Dispersion Avenues/Barriers– physical
• temperature; salinity
• divides; deserts
– biotic• disease; competitors; predators
Adispersal
dispersal
dispersal
disp
ersa
ldi
sper
sal
center of origin
mountains
barrier
avenue
time
Fish Distribution
Tectonic plates & continental drift
avenue
center
center
barrier
Continental drift has changed barriers/avenues
first fishes
Age of fishes
Teleostei
Geologic Time
Scale
Actinopterygii (Chondrostei)
Acipenseriformesgars, bowfin
Permian 225 MYA
Euramerica
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.Ind.
Lungfishes present (Devonian); ancestors of sturgeons & paddlefish
Triassic--200 MYA
Turgai Sea
Ancestors of gars and bowfin
Jurassic -- 135 MYA
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.
Ind.
Origin of Teleostei
Euramerica
Cretaceous -- 65 MYA
NA
SA
Asia
Africa
Ant.
Aus.
Ind.
Europe
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Reminder: Lab Exam on Fishes next week:• 100 points (~50 questions)• Primarily identification (class, order, family, species, etc); Also
possibly questions from lab handouts and notes.– Ex: What is the lowest taxon that includes species on display?
• Only taxa on your lab handouts will be answers• Either standardized common or scientific names for species are
acceptable (Primary answer 2 pts/ Secondary answer ½ point extra credit)
• Tip: Step 1--learn to recognize fish; Step 2—learn species names and higher taxa
• Study by quizzing yourself (test your long-term memory)• Doors to lab open this week.• Lab will be closed Mon. for exam setup
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