remote sensing. vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope...
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![Page 1: Remote Sensing. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032805/56649ef05503460f94c01205/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Remote Sensing
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Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes (IPCC, 2001)
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The goal of vulnerability assessment:
“is not to produce a score or rating of a particular community’s current or future vulnerability. Rather, the aim is to attain information on the nature of vulnerability and its components and determinates.”
(Smit and Wandel, 2006)
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Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity
Vulnerability
Adaptation
Change in mean annual temperatureChange in annual variance of temperatureChange in days of heat stressChange in days of cold stressChange in mean annual rainfallChange in mean annual soil moisture
ElevationLand coverVegetation cover Population density
% educated population% employedPer capita community service
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Analysis of change- PNG
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1:4000 Stereo aerial photograph
1m spatial resolution laser scanner
1 m spatial resolution (bands 14,9,1 in RGB)
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Aerial photographs-small area coverage-narrow spectral range (visible)-analogue-tilt, relief displacement errors (need to correct)
Satellite images-large area coverage-broader spectral range-minimal tilt distortion-digital
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Two main remote sensing systems
Passive – reflectance measurements
Active – transmit em radiation at specific wavelength and sample what is reflected back
MODIS – Moderate Resolution Imaging SensorSince 199936 spectral bandsResolution 1km, 500 m, 250 mImage swath 2330 km1-2 day repeat cycle
Landsat1972-1982 Landsat 1,2,31984 Landsat 4,5 (6 failed)1999 landsat 7
7 spectral bands1(blue), 2(green), 3(red)4(NIR), 5(SWIR), 6(thermal)7(SWIR)
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Multi-band scanning
Spectral resolution (number of bands and bandwidth)
Radiometric resolution (level of quantization of reflectance values)
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SPOT VEGETATION Scale
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What remote sensing?
• SPECTERRA: Airborne Digital Multi-Spectral Imagery
• SPOT VEGETATION
• SPOT HVIR (hi-res)
• Landsat TM
• Canopy photography
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What Scale?
• DMSI: 0.5m
• SPOT HVIR (hi-res): 10m
• Landsat TM: 25m
• SPOT VEGETATION: 1000m
• Canopy photography: Camera dependent
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DMSI Scale 0.5m
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Landsat Scale
25m
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The Yalgorup Dataset
• Quality DMSI in 2007, 2008 and 2010
• Canopy assessments in 2008
• Pixel matched & with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (SPECTERRA)
• “Like value” linear based callibration of yearly scenes as per CSIRO’s Firby and Campbell method (i.e. same as Landmonitor)
• Scaled and cropped to normalised range 12BIT to 8BIT for Grey Level Covariance Matrix and Vegetation indices
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The Yalgorup dataset cont…
• Correlation of field data and in-canopy indices based (USDA canopy assessments by Paul Barber)
• Modelling of best correlating indices across 12 trees, then all 80 trees in site