renaissance 1300-1600 “rebirth”. causes leading to the renaissance religious chaos crusades...
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CAUSES LEADING TO THE RENAISSANCE
Religious chaosCrusadesConstantinopleUrban cities…ex. Genoa & VeniceMerchantsPatrons…Medici family
HUMANISM
“the study of mankind..in all the potential strength and beauty of his body, in all the joy and pain of his senses and feelings, in all the frail majesty of his reason; and in these as most abundantly and perfectly revealed in the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome.”
HUMANITIES
Reason of study
History, Literature, and Philosophy
Spread through academies rather than universities
CELEBRATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL
Middle Ages people worked for…
Renaissance people worked for …
Wanted to be known…FAME!
Portrait painting and autobiographies
Worldly pleasures
UNIVERSAL MAN AND WOMAN
The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione
Have your list of ideal traits out on your desk
MAN
Greek and Latin classics, charming, polite, witty, dance, write poetry, sing, play music, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, moderate height (interferes with athletics)…Ex. Leonardo
WOMANWOMAN…Educated in classics, paint, write, make music, dance, charming, DID NOT SEE FAME, inspire poetry but rarely create it, they were more educated but had less political, economic, and social influence than medieval women…Ex. Isabella d’Este
1) PERSPECTIVE
Massacio
“Father of
Modern Painting”
3-D drawing, depth, parallel lines join in the distance, upper stories slant downward in the background, people are larger in front
2) FRESCO
Bondone
Paint on wet plaster
Showed emotions
Interaction of people
Gave rounded
bodies and faces
3) Sculpture
Donatello
Free-standing figures in the nude with their back-sides
Bronze “David” (not Michelangelo’s “David”)
4) PAINTING
Jan Van Eyck
Perspective using color
Oil-based paints
Intense foreground colors with hazy background colors
Extreme detail even in “Wedding Portrait” mirror
LITERATUREVernacular language
Worldly, native language
No longer the product of scholars or clergy
Petrarch…”Father of Humanism”
Wrote sonnets (14 lined poems)
Believed in self-fulfillment rather than spiritual fulfillment
Philosophy/Politics
Machiavelli
Wrote The Prince
Ruler should be strong
as a lion and shrewd as a fox
Most people are…
Trick people b/c…
Not morally right but politically effective
“The ___ justifies the ___”
SPREAD OF THE RENAISSANCE
1) Northern Renaissance
Erasmus…In Praise of Folly
Thomas More…Utopia
2) Elizabethan Age
Famous Playwright?
3) Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg in 1455
How did this change society?
SPREAD Cont.4) Exploration5) Reformation6) Scientific developments
Newton KeplerCopernicus Galileo
7) Other developmentsChimneys, kitchen stoves, firearms, heels, pockets, 60 minute clock, eyeglasses, wallpaper, watch, microscope