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Page 1: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =

Page 2: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced
Page 3: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

The Enlightenment

The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century,

characterized by a pronounced faith in the power of human knowledge to solve basic

problems of existence.

1680-1789 or 1815?

You decide!

Page 4: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Age of Reason and Science

• Responses to mysticism, religion and superstition of Middle Ages.

• Reason and Rationality became the new God.

• Led to the Scientific Revolution

Page 5: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Response to the Scientific Revolution

• Copernicus• Kepler• Galileo• Fahrenheit• Isaac Newton

Page 6: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Deductive 2 Inductive Reasoning

Page 7: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

• Didactic– meant to help teach• Dialectic–logical arguments• Patriarchal– father figure• Heresiarchal– heretical thought

Page 8: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Response to the Renaissance

Arts and MUSIC

• Bach• Handel• Haydn• Mozart• Beethoven

Page 9: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Death to Dark Ages

• Intellectuals during the Enlightenment turned a critical eye on nearly all received traditions in Europe. Political traditions; social and economic structures; attitudes toward the past; ideas about human nature; theories of knowledge, science, philosophy, aesthetics, and morals; and, above all, the doctrines and institutions of Christianity were subjected to analysis.

• Enlightenment writers aimed at tearing down old structures, and rebuilding with firm scientific foundations for the presumed natural order of things.

Page 10: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Paris was Center but Europe was Ablaze

Page 11: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

5 Main Ideas• Reason– Absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice.

• Nature-- What was natural was good and reasonable. Natural laws of economics and politics, just like law of motion.

• Happiness– Someone who lives by nature’s laws will find happiness. Be happy on earth, don’t wait for Heaven.

• Progress– Societal progress to point of human and societal perfection.

• Liberty– In response to Glorious Revolution, belief that reason could set society free.

Page 12: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

The Philosophes

• The thinkers of the Enlightenment• Met in the Salons, coffee shops,

universities, and restaurants• Wanted to apply scientific method to all

ideas, including government and religion.

Page 13: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Voltaire

Page 14: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Voltaire’s Friends in High Places

“What great victories reason is winning among us!”

Catherine The Great Frederick II Russia Prussia

http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/LowerFrame.asp?iPin=WHI0138&TopicSelect=&EraSelect=&iHighlightedEntry=&Topic=&Era=&dTitle=Catherine+the+Great&DataType=&DataID=4&SID=1&TribeName=&TribeCodeSearch=&dCultureArea=&InputText=%22Catherine+the+Great%22&SearchStyle=&SubBioCountPass=51&BioCountPass=28&SubCountPass=23&DocCountPass=0&ImgCountPass=2&MapCountPass=0&RecPosition=1&iRecordType=Image&TabRecordType=Image
Page 15: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

John Locke

Impacting Historical Event: Glorious Revolution

Page 16: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Protect our “Natural Rights”

• Life• Liberty• Property

• God-given rights

Page 17: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Anti-Philosophe

Thomas Hobbes

Impacting Historical Event: Beheading of Charles I

Page 18: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Page 19: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Montesquieu

Page 20: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Adam Smith

Page 21: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Economy

Physiocrat• Mercantilism• Capitalism• Laissez-Faire

Page 22: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Isaac Newton

http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/WHI399','WorldHistory
Page 23: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

Deists

Believers in Deism, described as the religion of reason rejected Christianity as a body of

revelation, mysterious and incomprehensible. God’s revelation,

believed Deists, was simple, logical and clear-cut, a natural religion which always

existed.

Page 24: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

DIDEROT

Page 25: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

What is the effect of the

Enlightenment?

Page 26: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

The American Revolution

Page 27: Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced

The French Revolution

Is it the end of the Enlightenment or a Continuation?


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