renal physiology introduction to...
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Renal Physiology – Introduction to Nephron
Dr Sunita Mittal
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To understand:
▪The morphological features of a typical nephron.
▪Functions of kidney.
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- Each kidney contains 1-1.2 million nephrons.
-The kidney cannot regenerate new nephrons.
-Total length of a nephron
(including CLD) - 45 to 65 mm
Functional Units of the kidney - The Nephron
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A nephron consists of :
I. Renal Corpuscles
II. Renal tubules
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron
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Bowman described glomeruli, 1842 –
Ludwig, 1842-
Wearn and Richard,1924 –
Malpighi spotted glomeruli, 1666-
Milestones in the discoveries of Structure and functions of Nephron
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Glomerulus
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron
Bowman’s
capsule
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
(PxCT) –
▪early (pars convoluta)
▪late (pars recta)
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron
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Loop of Henle (LOH)–
▪The descending LOLOH
▪ Ascending LOLOH –
Thin & Thick segments
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron
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Distal segment
Distal Convoluted Tubules (DxCT)
Collecting tubules
Papillary CLDuct /duct of Bellini
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron
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Cortical and Juxta medullary nephrons
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Proximal Convoluted
Tubule
Nephron –Tubular cells morphology
LOH-Thin
Descending &
Ascending Limbs
LOH-Thick
Ascending Limb
Distal
Convoluted T
Collecting Tubule
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Functions of KIDNEY
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▪Water, electrolytes and acid–base homeostasis
▪Waste products handling
▪Endocrine organs
▪Regulate calcium and phosphate.
▪Gluconeogenesis
Functions of KIDNEY
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Salient features of the lecture
Each kidney contains:
Total length of a nephron (including CLD):
Renal Corpuscles:
Renal tubules:
Cortical nephrons :
Juxta-medullary nephrons :
Tubular cell morphology at different regions:
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Self Assessment
•What percentage of total
nephrons is present as
Juxta-medullary nephrons
in kidney?
1. 15
2. 30
3. 60
4. 80
•Total length of a nephron
ranges from:
1. 5-10 mm
2. 25-45 mm
3. 45-65 mm
4. 65-100 mm
Brush borders in the form of tall
microvilli are present in tubular
epithelial cells of:
1. PxCT
2. PxCT and thick asc LOLOH
3. PxCT and thin asc LOLOH
4. PxCT and Collecting tubules
Micropuncture technique to understand
renal–nephron specific physiology was
carried out by:
1. Malpighi
2. Bowman
3. Bellini and Ludwig
4. Wearn and Richard
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Thank you