Mahaman Laouan Gaya

Renewable Readiness Assessment as tool for decision making Case of Republic of

Niger

By MAHAMAN LAOUAN GAYA Secretary General

Ministry of Energy and Petroleum Republic of Niger

Abu DhabiJanuary 16th, 2013

Mahaman Laouan Gaya

Summary

• Brief presentation of Niger• Energy Situation in Niger• Energy Balance in Niger• Energy Efficiency in Niger• Energy Legal Framework• Energy Institutional Framework• Barriers to the development of renewable energies

in Niger• RRA process in Niger• Comparison of the achievements• Identified and Implemented Actions

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Brief Presentation of Niger

• The Republic of Niger, a landlocked country in the Sahel region of West Africa is bordered by Algeria, Mali, Libya, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad and Nigeria.

• Niger covers a land area of 1.267.000 km2 whose principal geoclimatic characteristics is Sahara desert which covers ¾ of the country with a significant annual increase of its area; an uncertain pluviometry (frequent dryness) and very weak (approximate annual average : 500 mm), and arable lands, though reduced (approximately 12% of the territory are badly exploited).

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Mahaman Laouan Gaya

Brief Presentation of Niger

• The demographic growth is very high (3,3%/year) and the population which is estimated to 15.000.000 inhabitants is unequally distributed in the wide spreaded territory

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Current energy situation

The energy situation in Niger is typical for the least advanced countries.

More than 85% of the primary energy consumed comes from traditional biomass (fuel wood).

About 87% of the electricity consumed in the country is imported from Nigeria. The local production (thermal power from coal and diesel) contributes just 13%.

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Current energy situation

The country presently exploits its coal reserves. Reserves from natural gas and oil are proved

and since November 2011, Niger Republic become oil producer and built a refinery of 20.000 barrels/day for local consumption.

Presently, there is no significant use of renewable energy in Niger.

Solar energy and other renewables are very much available but under-utilized.

The limited infrastructure development in the energy sector has made it difficult to satisfy an increasing potential demand.

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Energy Balance of Niger

• According to the Energy Balance of 2010, the national energy needs are covered by traditionnal energy resources (firewood, agricultural biomass,…)

• The biomass represente about 87% of the final energy consumption.

• 11% for hydrocarbons, 2% for power generation (thermal, coal) and renewable energy represente 0,01% of the balance.

• The energy consumption per habitants is 0,14 toe (the african average is 0,5 toe and the world average is 1,2 toe).

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Energy Balance of Niger

• Hydro electricity – The Niger River offer three (3) sites for dams :

• - Kandaji with 130 MW of power capacity;• - Ganbou is estimated to 112,5 MV• - Dyondonga has a potential of 25 MW.• Note that the Kandaji dam is currently under

construction.• Solar potential : 2500 to 2900 TWh/year• Wind potential : the average wind speed is 5 to 7

m/sWood potential is very low : desertification due to various causes is one of the main authorities concern.

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Renewable Energy Balance of Niger

• Solar energyThe average solar energy potential ranges between 5 and 7 kWh/m2/day, while the average period of sunshine varies between 10 and 12 hours per day. In 2006, the power installed in the sector of solar photovoltaic (PV) was estimated at 1,170 kWp. The current use of solar thermal energy (hot water) accounts for about 2,000 m² of absorbers. The use of solar cooking and drying is very low, but significant potential exists for the development of solar cooking, with Niger being rated the 15th most viable country in the world for further uptake of the technology by Solar Cookers International.

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Renewable Energy Balance of Niger

• Wind energyThe average wind speed is 5 to 7 m/s in the northern part of the country and about 3 m/s in the south, indicating a moderate potential for wind power utilisation in the country. Currently, about 30 small-scale installations are used for water pumping purposes.

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Renewable Energy Balance of Niger

• Biomass energyThe potential for energy from biomass is substantial in Niger. Household biomass use is amongst the highest in Africa, with the vast majority relying on fuel wood for heating, lighting and domestic tasks. Current forested potential amounts to 9.9 million hectares, with a further 59 Mt of animal and agricultural wastes. Biogas is only used at experimental scale, with an estimated potential of nearly 1 million hectares, and an exploited potential of 100. Currently, about 10 small-scale biodigesters (primarily of the dome type) are in operation.

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Renewable Energy Balance of Niger

• Geothermal energyNo specific study into the potential for geothermal power generation has been conducted for the country. However, numerous geothermal analyses have been performed due to exploration for oil, revealing the presence of geothermal basins in Niger, which, with further investigation, may prove viable for generating power.

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Renewable Energy Balance of Niger

• HydropowerNiger has roughly 270 MW of undeveloped hydro-electric potential, primarily in the form of the Niger river, and its potential for damming. Current projects include the 130 MW Kandadji project, 200 km upstream from Niamey, the capital, as well as two smaller dams at Gambou (122 MW) and Dyodyonga (26 MW). Small hydroelectric sites in the country have the potential to produce nearly 8 GWh per year, most notably Sirba, and Gouroub Dargol.

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Ressources Réserves PotentielUranium 400 000 – 500 000 tonnesCharbon minéral :

- Anou Araren 15.000.000 tonnes

- Salkadamna 60.000.000 tonnes

Hydrocarbures

-       pétrole 324.000.000 barils

-       gaz 10.000.000.000 m3

Hydrauliques :

-       Kandadji 230 MW-       Gambou 122,5 MW-       Mékrou 26 MW Solaire 5 à 7 KWh/m2/jour

Eolienne 2,5 à 5 m/s

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Primary Energy Supply in Niger Year 2010

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FinalEnergy Consumption in Niger Year 2010

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Energy efficiency

• Niger’s energy consumption is low; the energy consumption per inhabitant is estimated at 0.14 toe as against an African average of 0.5 toe.

• Per capita electricity consumption stood at 40 kWh in 2008. The main source of lighting for households in Niger is kerosene (80.1% of households light their homes with this fuels, with 84.4% in rural areas and 59.1% urban areas).

• The gas/batteries/candles/wood group is the second source of lighting in Niger with 10.4% of households, followed by electricity which is limited to urban areas and concerns 38.7% of households. 89% of the total energy consumed in Niger is attributed to the residential sector.

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Energy Legal Framework

• The statement for energy policy adopted by the government in 2004 has been followed by many action plans for the promotion of RE. The National Renewable Energies Strategy (SNER) aims to increase the contribution of RE to the national energy balance from less than 0.1% in 2003, to 10% by 2020, by:

• Facilitating the promotion of RE supply systems,• Reducing the impact on forest resources,• Promoting rural electrification on the basis of RE

resources,• Promoting education, training, research and

development related to RE technologies.

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Energy Legal Framework

• The National Strategy for Access to Modern Energy Services (SNASEM) aims to increase the percentage of the population with access to modern energies by 2015, through granting:

• Access to modern fuels for cooking,• Access to motive power for villages with

1,000 – 2,000 inhabitants,• Access to electricity for rural and peri-urban

populations, to reach a cover rate of 66%.

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Energy Legal Framework

• The National Strategy for Domestic Energies (SNED) aims to create a coherent framework for  the sub-sector of domestic energies, by:

• Assuring the sustainable use of forest resources and better reforestation,

• Promoting alternative sources of energy (other than wood) and improving the efficiency of the appliances used ,

• Strengthening the capacity of the main market actors for a better management of the sector,

• Setting up communication to inform and educate the actors on issues related to the production and use of domestic energies.

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Energy Legal Framework

Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2015 (PDES).

The PDES has five priorities: - strengthening the rule of law, - sustainable and inclusive development, - food security, - economic diversification, and - social development. It aims to achieve economic growth of eight percent on average and to ensure that the general public can truly share in the benefits of growth.

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Energy Legal Framework

• Sustainable development and inclusive growth strategy (SDDCI ) 2035 – This long term plan follows the Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2015 (PDES) and aims to complete this plan and achieve economic and development growth of the country and ensure that the general public can truly share in the benefits of growth.

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Energy Institutional Framework

• Ministry of Water Resources and Environment, Ministry of Energy and Petroleum, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industries ;

• Authority of Multisector-Based Regulation (ARM) ;• National Environmental Council for Sustainable Development

(CNEDD) ;• National Centre of Solar Energy (CNES);• Technical Committee on Energy and Sustainable

Development (CTEnDD) ;• National Multisectorial Committee on Energy (CNME) ;• Technical Committee on Water and Sustainable Development

(CTEDD) ;• The Access to Modern Energy Services Project (PRASE) ;• NGO’s and Development Associations ….

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Energy Institutional Framework

• National Multisectorial Committee on Energy (CNME) which is the interface for all actions and initiatives in the field of energy in Niger. It comprise multidisciplinary team including all sector involved in the energy sector (environment, education, health, agriculture,…) but also differents national actors (Government, Private sector institutions, Civil society, Researchers,…)

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Barriers to the development of renewable energies in Niger

• Absence of legislative and regulatory text of renewable energies,

• Inefficiency of institutional regulation structures because of their supra national appearance,

• Absence of quality control structures.

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Barriers to the development of renewable energies in Niger

• Lack of local expertise (needs assessment, installation, maintenance equipment),

• Resistance of users to change,• Very high investment cost • Low income for populations,

especially in rural areas.

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RRA process in Niger

• As RRA is a rapid assessment of how a country increase readiness and overcome the main barriers to the deployement of renewable energy, the governement of Niger with the support of IRENA, engaged itself in RRA process.

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RRA process in Niger

• This process started in June 2012, under the leadership of the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum with the selection of the national consultant and the setting up of the RRA team comprising of representatives from Government, private sector, university, research institutions, civil society, and other partners.

• According to the methodology developed by IRENA, the team has been divided into three sub-groups for the filling up of the assessment templates. The process took three months and we came up with the following recommendations :

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Comparison of the achievements

• The RRA helped to :• Review the existing knowledge in Niger : policies and

regulations are studied in detail to generate questions related to implementation, identify unsolved issues, and document the results to contextualise the detailed discussions of stakeholders.

• the RRA process builds partnerships and gather key stakeholders to ensure consensus on the actions identified and their implementation

• Facilitates discussion and consensus building : the actions and background materials are discussed openly and a wide range of viewpoints are reflected. The concluding workshop brings together a range of actors.

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Comparison of the achievements

• Strong stake holding : national governments will initiate, and take the lead in, completing the assessment and the actions identified as a result of the process

• RRA facilitates a co-ordinated approach and setting of priorities, which can inform discussion with funding agencies and the private sector regarding implementation of actions and initiatives emerging out of the RRA.

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Identified actions

• Development of a national renewable energies policy,

• Establishment of a regulatory and Institutional framework favorable to renewable energies,

• Evaluation of solar and wind potential?

• Actors capacity building.

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Identified actions

The RRA process in Niger identified the actions below :

• Energies on network - Solar and Wind on centralized network;• Decentralized network

- Solar and Wind force motrice - Solar thermal - heating cooking

- Wood and charcoal for cooking heating- Biofuels for transport.

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Implemented actions

• Law on renewable energies under preparation,• Master plan for T & D electricity,• Budgetary allowance (2013- 2016), for an

annually amount of 10 millions US$ for rural electrification,

• Fundraising from partners to support this initiative (Indian government,…

• Development of domestic biogas network through PPP.

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THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION

This is a presentationON …

... Renewable Readiness Assessment...as tool for decision making - Case of Republic of Niger

By MAHAMAN LAOUAN GAYA Secretary General Ministry of Energy and Petroleum Republic of Niger