REPLACEMENT OF BYPASS SURGERY BY NANOROBOTS

Under the guidance ofProf.Priya.B.Bagewadi

Submitted by Mrudula Swamy

WHAT IS BYPASS SURGERY???

Heart bypass surgery or Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery(CABG) is performed to improve the circulation of blood to the heart muscles in people with severe coronary artery diseases.

One or more coronary arteries can be bypassed in an operation.

TRADITIONAL PROCEDURE OF BYPASS SURGERY

BEFORE THE PROCEDUREIV lineOral or IV sedativeGeneral anesthesiaBreathing tubeCatheter placed in bladder

DURING THE PROCEDURE

Two blood vessels are typically used for graft:1.Internal Thoracic Artery(ITA) and 2.Saphenous vein

AFTER THE PROCEDUREPatient may experience side effects such as: Loss of appetite, constipation. Swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel was

removed. Fatigue, mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty in sleeping. Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back.

ENTRY OF NANOROBOTS

WHAT ARE NANOROBOTSA nanobot is a microscopic robot built with nanotechnology. Performs tasks at nanoscale level.The size of nanorobot is 10-9.The prefix nano means billionth.

PROPERTIES OF NANOBOT USED ON BYPASS SURGERYThe nanorobots structure will have two spaces, interior and exterior.The exterior will be diamonded. An electric motor is attached to this nanorobot for its propagation

inside the circulatory system in the blood vessels. The microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating needle are also incorporated in this nanomachine, which perform the vital role of the nanorobot.

The microprocessor controls the overall operation of this nanorobot. The radioactive material is impregnated and is made as a part of the exterior surface, which helps us to trace the nanorobot at any period of time. The magnetic switch is also provided to switch on and off the nanorobot at any point of time.

INJECTING A NANOROBOT IN TO THE BODY AND THE SOURCE OF MOVING:

•Nanorobot gets access into the body through a large diameter artery i.e. the femoral artery in leg. •A small amount of radioactive substance is •impregnated on nanorobot.•to get access to the site of operation of the nanorobot, it must have active propeller.•An electric motor is used. This electric motor will have a shrouded blade design so as to avoid damage to the surrounding tissues.•An internal sensor is used to find out the exact location of the plaque.

TREATMENT OF PLAQUE AND MEANS OF REMOVAL OF NANOROBOT: Activation of rotating needle. The diamond chipped burr grinds the plaque into micro particles. Cutting procedure is monitored using the camera. Nanorobot starts the operation when the bar magnet is moved over

it. The removal of nanorobot is made possible by guiding the

Nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical operation is performed to remove it.

The area where the temperature exceeds than the maximum limit set in the nanorobot, will be operated on by the Nanorobot i.e. that part will be cut by the rotator needle attached to the nanorobot.

WHY NANOROBOTS????ADVANTAGES

Elimination of disease.Nanorobot might function at the atomic and molecular level to build

devices, machines or circuits known as molecular manufacturing.Nanorobots might also produce copies of themselves to replace

worn-out units, a process called self-replication.The major advantage of nanorobots is thought to be their durability,

in theory, they can remain operational for years, decades or centuries.

DISADVANTAGESThe nanorobot should be very accurate

otherwise harmful events may occur.The initial design cost is very high.The design of this robot is very complicatedHard to design.

CONCLUSIONWith the application to healthcare, nanotechnology is indeed quite

the exciting and revolutionary technique in the pursuit of quality healthcare. Nanomedicine endeavors to improve human health utilizing molecular tools and nano particles. The technology and the applicability of it to the human body is still at preliminary stages .

REFERENCES Replacement Of Heart Bypass Surgery By Nanorobots, International Journal Of

Advanced Research And technology, www.ijart.org/2012/IJART080.pdf ,Shinob M.C, Department of ECE,Roever Engineering College,Perambalur Jidhin G, Department of ECE,Roever Engineering College,Perambalur

  www.frost.com,www.frost.com/sublib/display-market-insightop.do?id=130393722

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123seminarsonly,123seminarsonly.com/Seminar-Reports/039/66242411-Nano-Robots.pdf

Discoveryhealth,health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/surgeriesprocedures/question120

wiseGEEK, www.wisegeek.com/what-are-nanorobots.htm

John Hopkins medicine,www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/clinical_services/specialty_areas/coronary_artery_surgery.html