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    Windows Explorer is a file manager application that is included with releases of the MicrosoftWindows operating system from Windows 95 onwards. It provides a graphical user interface foraccessing the file systems. It is also the component of the operating system that presents many userinterface items on the monitor such as the taskbar and desktop. Controlling the computer is possiblewithout Windows Explorer running (for example, the File | Run command in Task Manager on NT-derived versions of Windows will function without it, as will commands typed in a command promptwindow). Located in the C:\Windows directory, it is sometimes referred to as the Windowsshell,explorer.exe, or simply Explorer.

    Overview

    The Windows Explorer was first included with Windows 95 as a replacement for the Windows 3.x FileManager. It could be accessed by double-clicking the newMy Computerdesktop icon, or launched fromthe newStart Menuthat replaced the earlier Program Manager. There is also a shortcut keycombination: Windows key + E. Successive versions of Windows (and in some cases, Internet Explorer)introduced new features and capabilities, removed other features, and generally progressed from being asimple file system navigation tool into a task-based file management system.

    While Windows Explorer is a term most commonly used to describe the file management aspect of theoperating system, the Explorerprocess also houses the operating systems search functionality and FileType associations (based on filename extensions), and is responsible for displaying the desktop icons,the Start Menu, the Taskbar, and theControl Panel. Collectively, these features are known as the Windowsshell.

    History

    In 1995, Microsoft first released test versions of a shell refresh, named the Shell Technology Preview, andoften referred to informally as "NewShell".[1]The update was designed to replace the Windows 3.xProgram Manager/File Manager based shell with Windows Explorer. The release provided capabilitiesquite similar to that of the Windows "Chicago" (codename for Windows 95) shell during its late betaphases, however was intended to be nothing more than a test release.[2]There were two public releases ofthe Shell Technology Preview, made available to MSDN and CompuServe users: 26 May 1995 and 8August 1995. Both held Windows Explorer builds of 3.51.1053.1. The Shell Technology Previewprogram never saw a final release under NT 3.51. The entire program was moved across tothe Cairo development group who finally integrated the new shell design into the NT code with therelease of NT 4.0 in July 1996.

    Notepadis a simple text editor for Microsoft Windows. It has been included in all versionsofMicrosoft Windows sinceWindows 1.0 in 1985.Features

    Notepad is a common text-only (plain text) editor. The resulting filestypically saved withthe .txt extensionhave no format tags or styles, making the program suitable for editing system filesthat are to be used in a DOS environment.

    Notepad supports both left-to-right and right-to-left based languages, and one can alternate between theseviewing formats by using the right or left Ctrl+Shift keys to go to right-to-left format or left-to-rightformat, respectively.

    Unlike WordPad, Notepad does not treat newlines in Unix- or Mac-style text files correctly.

    Early versions of Notepad offered only the most basic functions, such as finding text. Newer versions of

    Windows include an updated version of Notepad with a search and replace function (Ctrl +H), as wellas Ctrl + Ffor search and similarkeyboard shortcuts.

    Notepad makes use of a built-in window class named "EDIT". In older versions such as those includedwith Windows 95,Windows 98, Windows Me and Windows 3.1, there is a 64k limit on the size of the filebeing edited, an operating system limit of the EDIT class.

    WordPad is a basic word processor that is included with almost all versions ofMicrosoftWindows from Windows 95onwards. It is more advanced than Notepad but simpler than MicrosoftWorks Word Processor and Microsoft Word. It replaced Microsoft Write.

    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edia.org/wiki/Program_Managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_Menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taskbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_manager
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    Features

    WordPad can format and print text, but lacks intermediate features such as a spell checker, thesaurus, andsupport for tables. As such, it is suitable for writing letters or short pieces, but underpowered for workthat relies heavily on graphics or typesetting.

    WordPad natively supports the Rich Text Format, though it does not support all the features defined inthe RTF/Word 2007 specification. Previous versions of WordPad also supported the "Word for Windows6.0" format, which is forward compatible with the Microsoft Word format[citation needed].

    In Windows 95, 98 and Windows 2000, it used Microsoft's RichEdit control, versions 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0

    respectively.[1]

    In Windows XP SP1 and later, it uses RichEdit 4.1,[2]

    including Windows 7.[3]

    WordPad for Windows XP added full Unicode support, enabling WordPad to support multiple languages,but UTF-16/UCS-2Big Endian is not supported. It can open Microsoft Word (versions 6.0-2003)files[citation needed], although it opens newer versions of the .DOC format with incorrect formatting. Also,unlike previous WordPad versions, it cannot save files in the.doc format (only .txt or .rtf).Windows XPService Pack 2 onwards reduced support for opening .WRI files for security purposes.

    History

    WordPad was introduced in Windows 95, replacing Microsoft Write, which came with all previousversions of Windows (version 3.1 and earlier). The source code to WordPad was also distributed byMicrosoft as a Microsoft Foundation Classes sample application with MFC 3.2 and later, shortly beforethe release of Windows 95. It is still available for download from the MSDN Web site.

    The default font used in Windows 95 was Arial 10, in Windows 7 it was changed to Calibri 11.

    Files

    Files are the most basic unit of data that users can store on a disk. Every program, image, video, song, anddocument is stored as a file.

    Folders

    A folder is a collection of multiple files. Folders can also store other folders called subfolders. Folderswere also called "directories" in operating systems before Windows 95.File Extensions

    Files always have a filename and an extension separated by a dot. They follow the format"filename.EXTension." Emphasis is added on the "EXT" because before Windows 95, filenames andextensions were limited to eight and three characters, respectively.

    Microsoft Officeis a proprietary commercial office suite of inter-related desktop applications,servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, introduced byMicrosoft on August 1, 1989. Initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first versionof Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, Officeapplications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spellchecker, OLE data integration and Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications scripting language. Microsoftalso positions Office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the Office BusinessApplications brand.

    The current versions are Office 2010 for Windows, released on June 15, 2010;[3]and Office 2011 for MacOS X, released October 26, 2010.

    Components

    Desktop applications

    MS WordMicrosoft Word is a word processor and was previously considered the main program in Office. Itsproprietary DOC format is considered ade factostandard, although Word 2007 can also use a new XML-based, Microsoft Office-optimized format called .DOCX, which has been controversially standardizedby Ecma International as Office Open XML and its SP2 update supports PDF and a limited ODF.[5]Word

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    is also available in some editions ofMicrosoft Works. It is available for the Windows and Mac platforms.The first version of Word, released in the autumn of 1983, was for the MS-DOS operating system and hadthe distinction of introducing the mouse to a broad population. Word 1.0 could be purchased with abundled mouse, though none was required. Following the precedents ofLisaWrite and MacWrite, Wordfor Macintosh attempted to add closer WYSIWYG features into its package. Word for Mac was releasedin 1985. Word for Mac was the first graphical version of Microsoft Word. Despite its bugginess, itbecame one of the most popular Mac applications.ExcelMicrosoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that originally competed with the dominant Lotus 1-2-3, but

    eventually outsold it. It is available for the Windows and Mac platforms. Microsoft released the firstversion of Excel for the Mac in 1985, and the first Windows version (numbered 2.05 to line up with theMac and bundled with a standalone Windows run-time environment) in November 1987.Outlook/EntourageMicrosoft Outlook(not to be confused with Outlook Express) is a personal information manager and e-mail communication software. The replacement for Windows Messaging,MicrosoftMail and Schedule+ starting in Office 97, it includes an e-mail client, calendar, task manager and addressbook.On the Mac, Microsoft offered several versions of Outlook in the late 1990s, but only for usewith Microsoft Exchange Server. In Office 2001, it introduced an alternative application with a slightlydifferent feature set called Microsoft Entourage. It reintroduced Outlook in Office 2011, replacingEntourage.[6]PowerPointMicrosoft PowerPoint is a popular presentation program for Windows and Mac. It is used tocreate slideshows, composed of text, graphics, movies and other objects, which can be displayed on-screen and navigated through by the presenter or printed out on transparencies or slides.Microsoft PowerPoint is the name of a non-free commercial software program developed by Microsoft.It was developed by Microsoft and officially launched on May 22, 1990. It is part of the MicrosoftOffice suite, and runs on Microsoft Windowsand Apple's Mac OS X operating system. The currentversions are Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010 for Windows and Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2011 forMac.Originally designed for the Macintosh computer, the initial release was called "Presenter", developed byDennis Austin[not in citation given] and Thomas Rudkin[not in citation given] ofForethought, Inc.[1]In 1987, it wasrenamed to "PowerPoint" due to problems with trademarks, the idea for the name coming from RobertGaskins.[2]In August of the same year, Forethought was bought by Microsoft for $14 million USD($28.6 million in present-day terms[3]), and became Microsoft's Graphics Business Unit, which continuedto develop the software further. PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22, 1990, the same day thatMicrosoft released Windows 3.0.PowerPoint changed significantly with PowerPoint 97. Prior to PowerPoint 97, presentations were linear,always proceeding from one slide to the next. PowerPoint 97 incorporated the Visual Basic forApplications (VBA) language, underlying all macro generation in Office 97, which allowed users toinvoke pre-defined transitions and effects in a non-linear movie-like style without having to learnprogrammingPowerPoint 2000 (and the rest of the Office 2000 suite) introduced a clipboard that could hold multipleobjects at once. Another change was that the Office Assistant was changed to be less intrusive.[4]

    SERVER

    In the context ofclient-server architecture, a server is a computer program running to serve the requestsof other programs, the "clients". Thus, the "server" performs some computational task on behalf of"clients". The clients either run on the same computer or connect through the network.

    In most common use, server is a physical computer (a computer hardware system) dedicated to runningone or more such services (as a host),[1]to serve the needs of users of the other computers on the network.Depending on the computing service that it offers it could be a database server, file server, mailserver, print server, web server, or some other kind of server.

    In the context ofInternet Protocol (IP) networking, a server is a program that operates asa socket listener.[2]

    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wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_slidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_(projection)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slideshowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Entouragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Outlookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacWritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LisaWritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Works
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    Servers often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a largeorganization or to public users via theInternet.

    MODEM

    A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digitalinformation, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal isto produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data.Modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio.The most familiar example is a voice band modem that turns the digital data of a personal computer into

    modulatedelectrical signals in the voice frequency range of a telephone channel. These signals can betransmitted over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover thedigital data.

    Modems are generally classified by the amount of data they can send in a given unit of time, usuallyexpressed in bits per second (bit/s, or bps). Modems can alternatively be classified by their symbol rate,measured in baud. The baudunit denotes symbols per second, or the number of times per second themodem sends a new signal. For example, the ITU V.21 standard used audio frequency-shift keying, that isto say, tones of different frequencies, with two possible frequencies corresponding to two distinctsymbols (or one bit per symbol), to carry 300 bits per second using 300 baud. By contrast, the originalITU V.22 standard, which was able to transmit and receive four distinct symbols (two bits per symbol),handled 1,200 bit/s by sending 600 symbols per second (600 baud) using phase shift keying.

    Electronic mail, commonly known as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages

    from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computernetworks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both beonline at the sametime, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers arerequired to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for aslong as it takes to send or receive messages.

    An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and themessage body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, anoriginator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is alsoadded, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp.

    Originally a text-only (7-bit ASCII and others) communications medium, email was extended to carry

    multi-media content attachments, a process standardized in RFC 2045 through 2049. Collectively, theseRFCs have come to be called Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME).

    Websites

    A website, also written as Web site,[1]web site, or simply site,[2]is a set of related webpages containing content (media) such astext, image, video, audio, etc. A website is hosted on at leastone web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area networkthrough anInternet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectivelyconstitute the World Wide Web.

    A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions ofHypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other

    websites with suitable markup anchors.Webpages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which mayoptionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of thewebpage content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to itsHTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.

    The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator (URL) calledthe web address. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking betweenthem conveys the reader's perceived site structure and guides the reader's navigation of the site which

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_bandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bits_per_secondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_and_offlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store-and-forwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Commentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipurpose_Internet_Mail_Extensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_anchorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Securehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Securehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_anchorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websites#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipurpose_Internet_Mail_Extensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Commentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store-and-forwardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_and_offlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bits_per_secondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_lineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_bandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
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    generally includes a home page with most of the links to the site's web content, and asupplementary about, contact and link page.

    A web search engineis designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The searchresults are generally presented in a list of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs).The information may consist ofweb pages, images, information and other types of files. Some searchengines also mine data available in databasesor open directories.

    In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed yet for the web, though numerous specialized catalogueswere maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series ofPerl scripts that

    would periodically mirror these pages and rewrite them into a standard format which formed the basisfor W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993

    Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. The term can beused as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as havingmultiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which use only rudimentary computerdisplay such as text-only, or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includesa combination oftext, audio, still images, animation, video, or interactivity content forms.

    Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processingdevices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a liveperformance.Multimedia (as an adjective) also describes electronic media devices used to store andexperience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including

    audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for interactivemultimedia. Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia application.

    Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limitedto, advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering,medicine, mathematics, business, scientificresearch and spatial temporal applications. Several examples are as follows:

    Application Of Multimedia in various SectorsCreative industries

    Creative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, tocommercial art, to journalism, to media and software services provided for any of the industries listedbelow. An individual multimedia designer may cover the spectrum throughout their career. Request fortheir skills range from technical, to analytical, to creative.Commercial uses

    Much of the electronic old and new media used by commercial artists is multimedia. Excitingpresentations are used to grab and keep attention in advertising. Business to business, and interofficecommunications are often developed by creative services firms for advanced multimedia presentationsbeyond simple slide shows to sell ideas or liven-up training.Entertainment and fine arts

    In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop specialeffects in movies and animations. Multimedia games are a popular pastime and are software programsavailable either as CD-ROMs or online. Some video games also use multimedia features. Multimediaapplications that allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients ofinformation are calledInteractive Multimedia. In the Arts there are multimedia artists, whose minds are

    able to blend techniques using different media that in some way incorporates interaction with the viewer.One of the most relevant could be Peter Greenaway who is melding Cinema with Opera and all sorts ofdigital media. Another approach entails the creation of multimedia that can be displayed in a traditionalfine arts arena, such as an art gallery. Although multimedia display material may be volatile, thesurvivability of the content is as strong as any traditional media.Education

    In Education, multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs)and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series ofpresentations, text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various information

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Nierstraszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3Cataloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Greenawayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Greenawayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_thinkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3Cataloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Nierstraszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_page
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    formats. Edutainment is an informal term used to describe combining education with entertainment,especially multimedia entertainment.

    Learning theory in the past decade has expanded dramatically because of the introduction of multimedia.Several lines of research have evolved (e.g. Cognitive load, Multimedia learning, and the list goes on).The possibilities for learning and instruction are nearly endless.

    The idea of media convergence is also becoming a major factor in education, particularly highereducation. Defined as separate technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and productivityapplications) and video that now share resources and interact with each other, synergistically creating newefficiencies, media convergence is rapidly changing the curriculum in universities all over the world.

    Likewise, it is changing the availability, or lack thereof, of jobs requiring this savvy technological skill.

    The English education in middle school in China is well invested and assisted with various equipments. Incontrast, the original objective has not been achieved at the desired effect. The government, schools,families, and students spend a lot of time working on improving scores, but hardly gain practical skills.English education today has gone into the vicious circle. Educators need to consider how to perfect theeducation system to improve students practical ability of English. Therefore an efficient way should beused to make the class vivid. Multimedia teaching will bring students into a class where they can interactwith the teacher and the subject. Multimedia teaching is more intuitive than old ways; teachers cansimulate situations in real life. In many circumstances teachers dont have to be there, students will learnby themselves in the class. More importantly, teachers will have more approaches to stimulating studentspassion of learning

    JournalismNewspaper companies all over are also trying to embrace the new phenomenon by implementing itspractices in their work. While some have been slow to come around, other major newspapers likeTheNew York Times,USA TodayandThe Washington Postare setting the precedent for the positioning of thenewspaper industry in a globalized world.

    News reporting is not limited to traditional media outlets. Freelance journalists can make use of differentnew media to produce multimedia pieces for their news stories. It engages global audiences and tellsstories with technology, which develops new communication techniques for both media producers andconsumers.Engineering

    Software engineers may use multimedia in Computer Simulations for anything from entertainment

    to training such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for software interfacesare often done as acollaboration between creative professionals and software engineers.Industry

    In the Industrial sector, multimedia is used as a way to help present information to shareholders, superiorsand coworkers. Multimedia is also helpful for providing employee training, advertising and sellingproducts all over the world via virtually unlimited web-based technologyMathematical and scientific research

    In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. Forexample, a scientist can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive ata new substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the Journal of Multimedia.Medicine

    In Medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the humanbody is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent it.

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