reproductiveeditedv 110923093801-phpapp02 (1)
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM• Consists of paired internal ovaries, paired
uterine tubes (oviducts), and a single uterus, and vagina
• Accessory gland – mammary gland
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ANATOMY
MAIN FUNCTION/S
• Secretion of female sex hormones
• Production of oocytes for fertilization by sperm
• Transportation of embryo to the uterus
• Implantation of embryo
• Development of fetus (pregnancy)
• Nutrition of newborn
OVARIES
• Flattened almond – shaped bodies
• Situated deep in the pelvic cavity
• One section is attached to the broad ligament by a peritoneal fold, mesovarium
• Another section is attached to the uterine wall by ovarian ligament
OVARIES
• Surface is covered by simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium called germinal epithelium
• Under the covered surface is the tunica albuginea made of dense irregular connective tissueResponsible for whitish color of ovary
HISTOLOGY
HISTOLOGY
HISTOLOGY
OVARIES
• Below that tunica albuginea is the cortex of the ovaryPredominance of ovarian follicles
• Deep in the cortex is highly vascularized connective tissue core of ovary, medullaNo distinct boundary line exists
HISTOLOGY
HISTOLOGY
HORMONES (OVARIES)
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
ESTROGEN
• Manufactured mostly in ovaries by developing egg follicles
• In addition, produced by the corpus luteum, placenta, liver, breasts and adrenal glands in smaller quantities
• Essential to the menstrual cycle
• Prepares uterus for pregnancyEnriching and thickening of endometrium
ESTROGEN
• Contributes to the development of secondary characteristicsBreasts, widened pelvis, increased body fat in
buttocks, thigh and hip regionLess facial hair and smoother skin
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) help to control production of estrogen
PROGESTERONE
• Responsible for the changes in the endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle
• For fertility and pregnancy
• Prepare the endometrium for implantation of fertilized egg and its development
• Maintain the uterus throughout pregnancy
PROGESTERONE
• Low progesterone hormones have negative influences on your body, fertility, pregnancy and can even lead to an expelling of a fertilized egg
Histology of egg cell
• The ovum or the female gamete is much larger than the sperm in size.
• It is non - motile and laden with different types of energy rich materials like yolk, glycogen and proteins accumulated in its cytoplasm.
• It is enclosed by one on more egg envelops. Size of ovum varies in different animals and depends upon the amount of yolk.
• On the basis of amount of yolk, the ovum can be microlecithal (small sized egg with very small amount of yolk) Human ovum is microlecithal.
• mesolecithal (egg containing moderate amount of yolk) and
• macrolecithal (containing very large amounts of yolk).
• the cell substance is known as the yolk or oöplasm,
• the nucleus as the germinal vesicle,
• and the nucleolus as the germinal spot.
• The human ovum is surrounded by a number of egg envelopes:
• vitelline membrane - A thin, inner transparent layer secreted by the ovum itself.
• Zona pellucida - A thick middle layer which is transparent and non - cellular.
• Corona radiata - An outer, thicker coat formed of radially elongated follicular cells.
• Between the vitelline membrane and zona pellucida, there is a narrow space called perivitelline space