research 2nd draft copy bibin
TRANSCRIPT
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INFLUENCE OF PARENTS, SIBLINGS AND PEERS IN THE CAREER SELECTION
PROCESS OF COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS
A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree
of
Master of Social Work (Clinical Social Work)
By
BIBIN FRANCIS
Register No.: 144!"4
#n$er t%e &'i$ance of
r. Soan Antony
Assistant *rofessor+ e,art-ent of Social Work
C%rist #niersity
/*AR0M/N0 F SCIA2 WR3
CRIS0 #NI5/RSI06+ B/N&A2#R#+ INIA
Fe7r'ary "1!
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Approval of Dissertation
0%e $issertation entitle$ 8Infl'ence of ,arents+ si7lings an$ ,eers in career selection of college
going st'$ents9 7y Bi7in Francis+ 144!"4 is a,,roe$ for t%e aar$ of t%e $egree of Master of
Social Work (Clinical Social Work).
/;a-iners:
1.
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DECLARATION
I+ Bi7in Francis+ %ere7y $eclare t%at t%e $issertation+ title$ 8Infl'ence of ,arents+ si7lings an$
,eers in t%e career selection ,rocess of college going st'$ents9 is a recor$ of original researc%
ork 'n$ertaken 7y -e for t%e aar$ of t%e $egree of Master of Social Work (Clinical Social
Work). I %ae co-,lete$ t%is st'$y 'n$er t%e s',erision of r Soan Antony+ Assistant
*rofessor+ an$ e,art-ent of Social Work.
I also $eclare t%at t%is $issertation %as not 7een s'7-itte$ for t%e aar$ of any $egree+ $i,lo-a+
associates%i,+ fellos%i, or ot%er title. It %as not 7een sent for any ,'7lication or ,resentation
,'r,ose. I %ere7y confir- t%e originality of t%e ork an$ t%at t%ere is no ,lagiaris- in any ,art
of t%e $issertation.
*lace: Bengal'r'
ate: 1>t% Fe7r'ary "1! Signat're of t%e can$i$ate
Na-e of t%e can$i$ate: Bi7in Francis
Reg No: 144!"4
e,art-ent of Social Work
C%rist #niersity+ Bengal'r'
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CERTIFICATE
0%is is to certify t%at t%e $issertation s'7-itte$ 7y Bi7in Francis (Reg. No. 144!"4) title$
8Infl'ence of ,arents+ si7lings an$ ,eers in t%e career selection of college going st'$ents9 is a
recor$ of researc% ork $one 7y %i-?%er $'ring t%e aca$e-ic year "1=@"14 'n$er -y
s',erision in ,artial f'lfill-ent for t%e aar$ of Master of Social Work (Clinical Social Work).
0%is $issertation %as not 7een s'7-itte$ for t%e aar$ of any $egree+ $i,lo-a+ associates%i,+
fellos%i, or ot%er title. It %as not 7een sent for any ,'7lication or ,resentation ,'r,ose. I
%ere7y confir- t%e originality of t%e ork an$ t%at t%ere is no ,lagiaris- in any ,art of t%e
$issertation.
*lace: Bengal'r'
ate: Signat're of t%e &'i$e:
Na-e of t%e &'i$e:
esignation:
e,art-ent of Social Work
C%rist #niersity+ Bengal'r'
Signat're of t%e ea$ of t%e e,art-ent
e,art-ent of Social Work
C%rist #niersity+ Bengal'r'
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S No INDE! PAGE No
1. IN0R#C0IN
. R/5I/W F 2I0/RA0#R/
=. M/02&6
4. A0A ANA26SIS AN IN0/R*R/0A0IN
>. FININ&S AN S#&&/S0INS AN
CNC2#SINS
! R/F/R/NC/S
A**/NI
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C"apter One
INTRODUCTION
B'siness $ictionary $efines career as t%e ,rogress an$ actions taken 7y a ,erson t%ro'g%o't a
lifeti-e+ es,ecially t%ose relate$ to t%e occ',ation of t%e ,erson. A career is often co-,ose$ of
t%e o7s %el$+ titles earne$ an$ ork ac%iee$ oer a long ,erio$ of ti-e+ rat%er t%an ist referring
to one ,ositionD (7'siness $ictionary.co-). Career is alays a -atter of ,rogress an$ actions
7eca'se it alays -a$e ', it% certain kin$ of training an$ skills. Career also can 7e $efine$ as
t%e s'- total of life e;,eriences it% ,ai$ an$ 'n,ai$ ork+ co--'nity+ ol'nteer an$ fa-ily
actiities (laose7ikan et.al."14)
Career selection is alays consi$ere$ as a t'rning ,oint in t%e life of eery yo'ng a$'lt. 0%e
$ecisions alone %ae a i$e range of ,otentiality in o,en t%e $oor for s'ccess or close t%e $oor
for o,,ort'nity. 2ots of st'$ents in secon$ary colleges 7eliee t%at t%eir $estiny is an e;cellent
a$ent're %erein t%ey -ay 7e 7o'n$ to s'ccee$. 2ots of t%e- %ae t%e conce,t t%at t%ey o'l$
7e a7le to ork insi$e t%e ,'7lic or non@,'7lic instit'tions as soon as t%ey %ole secon$ary
college sc%ooling. 0%o'g% career selection is alays an in$ii$'al c%oice researc% s'ggests t%at
t%ere are lots of social an$ econo-ic factors %ic% can ,ositiely or negatiely infl'ence in t%e
$ecision -aking ,rocess. 0%e factors are like fa-ily+ frien$s an$ co--'nity c%aracteristics
%ic% t%ey are 7elong to are t%e -ost co--on infl'encing factors (E'ngen et.al. "").
St'$ents in t%is -o$ern an$ a$ance$ orks are alays looking for a 7rig%t f't're an$ t%ey
7eliee t%at certain career can 7ring goo$ fort'ne 7ot% in t%e fa-ily an$ een in t%e society.
Sociologists %ae a strong ie ,oint toar$s t%e social infl'ence as an i-,ortant factor in
career c%oice (Friesen 1G1). Si-ilarly ,arents also are t%ere in t%e case of infl'encing career
selection ,rocess of t%eir c%il$ren. In so-e cases c%il$ren -ay in%erit t%e occ',ation of t%eir
fat%er or -ot%er. 2ike $octor9s son -ay follo %is fat%er9s line as a $octor an$ layer9s so -ay
7eco-e layers 7y t%e infl'ence of %is?%er ,arents.
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/niron-ent is also an i-,ortant factor in t%e ,rocess of career c%oice 7eca'se for e;a-,le if
so-eone is liing in islan$ %o ill 7e c%oosing t%e career like $ealing it% t%e ater. 0%ere is
also c%ance to c%oose career -ay 7e so-eone in t%e st'$ent9s life %as -a$e a significant
i-,ression or i-,act+ lea$ing to a career.
Infl'ence of fa-ily in career $ecision
W%en looking at a$olescents %o are constantly striing for in$e,en$ence to -ake $ecisions+
st'$ies reeal t%at to a great e;tent t%ey are still $e,en$ent on t%eir ,arents for t%eir c%oices on
t%e -atter of c%oosing a career (*eterson+ Stiers+ H *eters+1G!). In a longit'$inal st'$y $one
7y ans Se7al$ in (1GG)+ on career c%oices s%oe$ t%at a$olescents ten$e$ to gie e'al
i-,ortance to 7ot% ,arents an$ ,eers+ 7't se,arate$ t%e gro', it% regar$ to t%e content of t%e
iss'e. W%en $ealing it% 'n$erstan$ing a$olescents in relation to e;tent of t%e infl'ence to
e;tent of t%e infl'ence ,arents %ae in t%eir career c%oice+ it oerri$es eeryt%ing t%at %as 7eer
sai$ 7y teac%ers+ ,eers+ co'nselors+ etc as t%ey feel t%eir ,arents c%oices are t%e -ost tr'sta7le
(Crea-er H 2a'g%lin+ "">).
Anot%er key as,ect in or$er to 'n$erstan$ fa-ily infl'ences o'l$ 7e in t%e in$ii$'al roles
,arent9s ,lays in t%e a-o'nt of infl'ence t%ey %ae on t%eir c%il$ren t%at o'l$ %el, 'n$erstan$
,arental socialiJation. As -entione$ 7y S-it% (1G1"+ %ere it as concl'$e$ t%at t%e
infor-ation t%at as s%are$ to t%e yo'ng a$'lts nee$e$ to 7e $ii$e$ 7eteen 7ot% fat%er an$
-ot%er in or$er for t%e in$ii$'al to 7e a7le to $isting'is% %o %a$ -ore ,arental infl'ence an$
%o is infl'encing -ore in t%e fa-ily. 0%e res'lts t%at ere o7taine$ 7y S-it% ere like
a$olescents %a$ a greater $egree of agree-ent it% t%eir -ot%ers t%at it% t%eir fat%ers on to,ics
of career an$ ot%er 7eliefs as t%is as solely $'e to t%e -aor a-o'nt of ti-e %e s,ent it% t%e
c%il$ren t%an t%e fat%er.
Career t%eories
0%ere are -any career t%eories t%at -ay 7e %el,f'l in ,roi$ing fra-eork an$ ,ro,er
'n$erstan$ing of career an$ t%e ays of c%oosing a career. 0%ese t%eories %ae 7een ,ro,ose$ to
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'n$erstan$ t%e reasons 7e%in$ %y ,eo,le c%oose careers. 0%ere are $ifferent ays of -aking
c%oices in $ifferent c'lt'res+ as so-e -ay ascri7e to a ariety of eniron-ental factors+
e$'cation+ nor-s+ society+ gen$er roles+ fa-ily+ role -o$els+ etc.
Social 2earning t%eory of Career C%oice+ Eo%n . 3r'-7oltJ 1G!+ s'ggests t%at career $ecisions
are -a$e 7ase$ on social learning an$ interaction it% ,eo,le $'e to t%eir arie$ e;,eriences.
0%e fo'r -ain factors %ic% ere infl'ential are genetic infl'ences+ eniron-ental con$itions
an$ con$itions an$ eents+ learning e;,eriences an$ task a,,roac% skills (for instance
o7seration of self+ setting goals an$ infor-ation gat%ering). 0%ro'g% t%e learning e;,eriences
t%ere o'l$ 7e -ini-'- infl'ence fro- role -o$els+ like ,arents+ teac%ers+ %eroes+ etc an$ t%is
o'l$ %el, career co'nselors %el, in$ii$'als e;,lore ne ays to fin$ s'ita7le careers.
0y,ology t%eory of Eo%n ollan$ sees career selection in ter-s of t%e ,ersonality of t%e st'$ents.
It ,ro,ose$ t%at in$ii$'als %ae a 'ni'e set of traits %ic% ste- fro- t%eir interests+ attit'$es+
al'es an$ 7roa$ly+ ,ersonal c%aracteristics t%at assess an in$ii$'al9s ,otential+ %ic% if
i$entifie$ co'l$ %el, in -atc%ing an$ 7ringing s'ccess at t%e occ',ation t%at o'l$ 7e c%osen.
0%ese traits itself can 7e t%e -aor factors in selecting a,,ro,riate career for t%eir f't're.
S#ope of t"e st$%&
Career is alays a -atter of %olistic $eelo,-ent of a ,erson. It is not only a -atter of t%e single
o7 of an in$ii$'al 7't -ore t%an t%at it is $e,en$ing ',on t%e social 7ackgro'n$ of t%e ,erson.
So t%ere are a lot of factors %ic% can infl'ence an$ -otiate t%e career selection of st'$ents.
0%is st'$y is looking at t%e factors %ic% can infl'ence in t%e career selection ,rocess es,ecially
on t%e aria7les of ,arents+ si7lings+ an$ ,eer infl'ences ',on college going st'$ents.
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C"apter T'o
RE(IE) OF LITERATURE
0%is c%a,ter ill look into t%e ario's $i-ensions t%e st'$y is trying to e;,lore in or$er to
'n$erstan$ %o career c%oices are -a$e 7y an$ large $'e to t%e infl'ences of ,arents+ si7lings
an$ ,eers on yo'ng a$'lts. 0%is in t'rn o'l$ lea$ to 'n$erstan$ing t%e ,rocess of %o career
c%oices o'l$ 7e -a$e an$ also t%e infl'encing factors are t%ere it% t%e college going st'$ents
in t%is a$ance$ 1st cent'ry.
*+ Parental infl$en#e in t"e #areer sele#tion
A st'$y %a$ 7een con$'cte$ 7y lase7ikan et.al it% t%e ,'r,ose of fin$ing ,arental infl'ence
on a$olescents9 career c%oice on secon$ary sc%ool st'$ents in 2agos State. ="" res,on$ents ere
ran$o-ly selecte$ fro- 1" $ifferent colleges. A str'ct're$ 'estionnaire %as 'se$ to collect t%e
infor-ation fro- t%e res,on$ents. Fie n'll %y,ot%eses ere for-'late$ an$ teste$ it% C%i@
s'are+ at t%e significant leel of "."> aria7le of se;+ class of sc%ool+ an$ ty,e of sc%ool. 0%e
st'$y reeale$ t%at 4.=!K of t%e res,on$ents are taking $ecisions it% t%e strong infl'ence of
t%eir ,arents. n t%e aerage+ 1.>K of t%e res,on$ents agree$ t%at t%e 7'siness line of t%eir
,arents %a$ a great i-,act in taking $ecisions regar$ing t%e career an$ "." $isagree$. n t%e
%ole+ ="K of t%e res,on$ents agree$ t%at for t%e sake of s'staining t%eir fa-ily 7'siness t%ey
c%ose t%e fa-ily line occ',ation. n t%e %ole+ ="K of t%e res,on$ents agree$ t%at t%ey c%oose
t%e fa-ily career in or$er to s'stain t%e fa-ily 7'siness. So 7asically t%e res'lts o t%ese fin$ings
in$icate t%at t%e st'$ents %ae so-e for- of in$e,en$ence in -aking t%eir career c%oices.
Infl'ence of ,arents an$ social relations%i, in a career selection as an engineer %a$ 7een st'$ie$
7y Sa%a B%attac%arya. 0%e st'$y as con$'cte$ in t%e In$ian scenario it% t%e sa-,le siJe of
1" st'$ents (G" 7oys an$ G" girls). A general infor-ation sc%e$'le+ ,arental infl'ence
'estionnaire an$ social infl'ence 'estionnaire as 'se$ it% ,ro,er instr'ctions to assess t%einfl'ential leel. 0%e st'$y reeale$ t%at t%e girls %o are 7elong to t%e %ig% inco-e fa-ily %as
-a;i-'- leel of infl'ence an$ t%e girls %o are 'n$er t%e lo inco-e gro', %as -a;i-'-
infl'ence fro- t%e society %ic% t%ey are 7elong to. More t%an t%is t%e st'$y also fo'n$ o't t%at
sta7ility of t%e o7+ ,restigio's an$ %ig% ,rofile o7+ f'lfill-ent of t%e e;,ectation of ,arents+
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social stat's an$ ,ro,er i$entity are t%e ot%er reasons for t%e nat're of t%e ,arental an$ social
infl'ence ',on career c%oice.
Al-on S%'-7a an$ Matsi$iso Naong+ Central 'niersity of So't% Africa+ %a$ $one a $etaile$
st'$y on t%e to,ic of factors infl'encing in t%e career c%oice fro- t%e 7ackgro'n$ of So't%
African c'lt're. 0%e st'$y as con$'cte$ in colla7oration it% t%e sc%ool of teac%er e$'cation
an$ sc%ool of entre,rene'rs%i, an$ 7'siness $eelo,-ent. A ,'r,osie sa-,ling -et%o$ %a$
7een 'se$ an$ t%e sa-,le siJe as 1== first an$ secon$ year 'niersity st'$ents ( fe-ales an$
>! -alesL age range of 1> to =" years). Str'ct're$ 'estionnaire %a$ 7een 'se$ to i$entify t%e
factors t%at infl'ence career c%oice an$ as,irations. 0%e st'$y ca-e it% t%e fin$ings t%at t%e
fa-ily+ t%e a7ility of t%e st'$ents to i$entify %is? %er ,referre$ career c%oice is t%e -ain factors
t%at infl'ence t%e career c%oice. 0%e st'$y also ca-e it% t%e $ifferent fin$ing t%at teac%ers ,lay
a -aor role in %el,ing t%e- to i$entify t%eir ,ro,er career as,irations.
A st'$y %a$ 7een con$'cte$ 7y E'ngen+ 3risten Anne a7o't career as,irations of c%il$ren.
0%o'g% t%e researc% is starte$ it% t%e ,erce,tion of career c%oice is an in$ii$'al $ecision t%e
res'lt ,roe$ t%at t%ere are ariety of infl'ences t%at can ,ositiely affect t%e career selection
,rocess. *arents %ae 7een fo'n$ to greatly i-,act t%e career selection ,rocess of t%eir c%il$ren.
More t%an t%at ork et%ic+ fa-ily al'es an$ gen$er stereoty,ing in t%e fa-ily -ay %ae greater
i-,act in t%e career selection.
** Infl$en#e of Peers in t"e #areer sele#tion
Ara7 NaJ et.al st'$ie$ a7o't t%e i-,ortance of t%e infl'ence of ,eer an$ frien$s in career
$ecision -aking. 0%e researc% %a$ 7een $one on t%e 7asis of t%e co--on 'n$erstan$ing of t%e
career t%at ,eer an$ frien$s are i-,ortant as,ect of socialiJation ,rocess an$ t%eir a,,roac% to
one9s life %as also receie$ a goo$ a-o'nt of infl'ence in s%a,ing an$ -ol$ing t%e co'rse of an
in$ii$'al life. 0%e $ata as collecte$ t%ro'g% li7rary -et%o$ an$ also t%ro'g% fiel$ infor-ation
fro- 1"" sa-,les. 0%e st'$y co-e across certain fin$ings t%at t%o'g% fa-ily I.e. ,arents an$
ot%er fa-ily -e-7ers ,ri-arily -otiate$ t%eir c%il$ren in -'lti,le ays+ %oeerL ,eer
infl'ence is see- to 7e a -aor factor in $eelo,ing career o,,ort'nities an$ $ecision -aking
a-ong yo't%.
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* Ot"er affe#tin- varia.les of #areer %e#ision
A st'$y as le$ o't of sig%t of *akistan 7y Instit'te of Manage-ent Sciences+ Ba%a'$$in
akariya #niersity+ an$ M'ltan. 0%e ,oint of t%e analysts+ M'%a--a$ Na'-an A77asi an$
Nos%een Sarat+ as to recogniJe t%e ,atterns in settling on c%oices 7y *akistani gra$'ates
%ile settling on t%eir career $ecision. 0%e researc% e;,lore$ %et%er career $ecision ele-ents
$iffer crossise oer se;'al orientation an$ a-ong $riing callings s'c% as a$-inistration+
%ortic'lt're. A 'ni'ely o'tline$ reie instr'-ent as arrange$ an$ ,ilot trie$ for infor-ation
acc'-'lation. 0%e last s'rey relate$ 4 t%ings an$ as $irecte$ oer a ,rofita7le s,eci-en of
=" 'n$erst'$ies s,eaking to $ifferent controls fro- 'ni'e colleges. #tiliJing fore-ost ,art
inestigation+ t%e t%ings ere asse-7le$ into fie aria7les an$ ere na-e$ as $eelo,-ent
o,en $oors+ or$ relate$ a,,eal+ self@regar$+ societal -otiation an$ 7'siness relate$
co-,onents. 0%e res'lts f'n$a-entally fl'ct'ate$ ,artic'larly for t%era,e'tic+ a$-inistration an$
$r'g store callings an$ contraste$ fro- ,ast e;a-inations+ lig%ting ', t%e logical significance of
career $ecision co-,onents. Regar$ing se;+ fe-ales a,,eare$ to 7e all t%e -ore socially
-otiate$ %en contraste$ it% t%eir -ale ,artners %ile settling on a career $ecision.
Anot%er st'$y %a$ 7een $irecte$ 7y /llen 2. csikai an$ Cin$y RoJensky on t%e to,ic of %o
social ork i$ealis- %el,s t%e st'$ents to oin a ,rofession like social ork. Wit% a s,ecific en$
goal to recogniJe t%e i-,acting consi$ers eery one of t%ese aria7les ere or$ere$ into
c%arita7leness+ ,rofessional concerns an$ i-,act of ot%ers. 0%e s,ecialists acco-,anie$ t%e
$iscoeries t%at ,rescient li-it of o,ti-is- an$ 'n$erst'$y $e-ogra,%ics on t%e career $ecision
aria7les re,orte$ 7y reasons ere acco'nte$ for as -ore critical t%an e;,ert reasons in t%eir
career $ecision. A$$itionally st'$ents %o score$ %ig% on social ork ision %a$ a ten$ency to
oin -ore ,ro-inent significance or 'nselfis% reasons t%an to e;,ert orries+ as $i$ -ore
yo't%f'l st'$ents an$ fe-ale st'$ents.
Sala-i l'f'n-ilayo la-i$e et. al. $one a st'$y on t%e t%e-e of ele-ents $eci$ing t%e$ecision of career a-ong secon$ary sc%ool st'$ents. Ran$o-ly selecte$ 1"" st'$ents (!=
fe-ales an$ = g'ys) ere t%e sa-,les of t%e st'$y. A s'rey %as ,lanne$ on t%e ,re-ise of
likert@sort scale on t%e ,re-ise of ele-ents affecting career $ecision. 0%e infor-ation %a$ 7een
analyJe$ it% t%e rate+ -ean+ stan$ar$ $eiation an$ 0@test. 0%e fin$ings s%oe$ t%at >K of
-ale an$ 4!K of fe-ale agree$ t%at o,,ort'nities $o infl'ence career %ile 4K an$ 4>K of
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7ot% -ale an$ fe-ale $isagree$+ %alf of -ale an$ >4K of fe-ale agree$ t%at eniron-ent $o
infl'ence career $ecision yet 41K an$ 4GK of -ale an$ fe-ale $oes not agree$. Concl'siely+
all t%e factors infl'ence t%e st'$ents in $eci$ing t%eir career.
A st'$y %a$ 7een con$'cte$ 7y Fre$eric &'ay et.al on t%e ,re-ise of self@$eter-ination
%y,ot%esis. 0%e reason for t%e st'$y as to ,ro,ose an$ test a -o$el of career in$ecision in ie
of t%e %y,ot%etical fo'n$ation. By %y,ot%esis ,eer an$ ,arental styles antici,ate$ career
%esitation t%ro'g% sa self@a$e'acy an$ self@r'le. 0%e res'lt $e-onstrates t%at t%e -o$el as
inariant crossise oer gen$er. 0%e $isc'ssion foc'ses on t%e %y,ot%etical an$ reasona7le
i-,lication of t%e res'lts.
A st'$y 7ase$ on t%e t%e-e of i-,acts an$ ins,irations in or$er to select an a,,ro,riate for t%e
st'$ents $one 7y Bro-ely 3nieton. =4 yo'ngsters in t%e age gat%ering of 14@1 ere c%osen
for t%e st'$y. 0%e infor-ation %as 7ro'g%t it% t%e assistance of t%e s'rey. 0%e st'$y %a$
$iscoere$ t%at general ins,iration is for cas% an$ enoying for t%e e-,loy-ent. It is also fo'n$
o't t%at ery lo on t%e list ere long ter- goals+ s'c% as ,ersonal $eelo,-ent+ career
ac%iee-ent+ career a$ance-ent an$ ,ensions. Most noticea7ly+ t%e st'$ents consi$ere$ stat's
as $erie$ fro- ,ossessions+ rat%er t%an e-,loy-ent.
*/ Nee% of t"e present st$%&
0%e reie of literat're %as co-e across it% $ifferent st'$ies on t%e to,ic of infl'encing factors
of career selection. It %as 7een fo'n$ o't t%at like ,arents+ teac%ers+ frien$s an$ ,eers ,lay a
-aor role in t%e career selection. Fro- t%e analysis of ario's st'$ies t%e researc%er fo'n$ o't
t%e ga, t%at t%ere is only less st'$ies %ic% talk a7o't $ifferent infl'encing factors as s'c% like
,arents+ ,eers an$ si7lings. Instea$ of t%at all t%e st'$ies foc'se$ only on one aria7le. 0%e
researc%er also co'l$ not fin$ any st'$ies fro- t%e In$ian 7ackgro'n$. So t%e ,resent st'$y is
7asically try to e;,lore t%e nat're an$ factors %ic% -ay infl'ence t%e career c%oices fro- t%e
c'lt'ral 7ackgro'n$ of In$ia.
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C"apter T"ree
0ETHODOLOG1
In t%is c%a,ter t%e ,lan+ str'ct're+ strategy+ tools an$ sa-,les of inestigation %ae 7een
$isc'sse$. In t%e ,rocess of con$'cting s'c% an i-,ortant st'$y+ t%e researc%er %as folloe$ t%e
folloing -et%o$ology to collect t%e necessary $ata an$ to analysis an$ to $ra 'sef'l inference.
+ TITLE OF THE STUD1
Infl'ence of ,arents+ ,eers an$ si7lings on career selection a-ong college going st'$ents
* AI0 OF THE STUD1
0o assess t%e infl'ence of ,arents+ ,eers an$ si7lings in career $ecision -aking ,rocess of
college going st'$ents.
OB2ECTI(ES OF THE STUD1
0o e;,lore %o ,arents are infl'encing in t%e career selection ,rocess of college going
st'$ents
In %at e;tant t%e si7lings infl'ence are t%ere in t%e career selection
0o e;,lore t%e role of ,eer infl'ence in t%e career selection
/ OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Career
Career is an occ',ation 'n$ertaken for a significant ,erio$ of a ,erson9s life an$ it%
o,,ort'nities for ,rogress.
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Career selection
Career selection is t%e ,rocess of selecting ,artic'lar ocation t%at is s'ita7le for one9s
life.
*eer
*eers are t%e ,eo,le %o are e'al+ in s'c% res,ects as age+ e$'cation or social class+
gro',+ colleag'e.
3 RESEARCH DESIGN
A researc% $esign is a logical an$ syste-atic ,lan ,re,are$ for $irecting a researc% st'$y. It
s,ecifies t%e o7ecties of t%e st'$y+ t%e -et%o$ology tec%ni'es to 7e a$a,te$ for ac%ieing t%e
o7ecties. It constit'tes t%e 7l'e,rint for collection+ -eas're-ent an$ analysis of $ata. 0%e
researc% $esign 'se$ for t%e st'$y is t%e $escri,tie $esign. escri,tie $esign ena7les a
researc%er to $escri7e or ,resent t%e ,ict're ,%eno-enon 'n$er inestigation. An$ it is 'se$ to
st'$y t%e relations%i, of yo'ng a$'lts it% t%eir ,arents+ Si7lings an$ ,eers.
4 SA0PLING TECHNI5UES
For t%is st'$y a total n'-7er of 1" st'$ents ere selecte$ it% t%e ,'r,osie sa-,ling -et%o$+
a for- of non@,ro7a7ility sa-,ling -et%o$.
6 UNI(ERSE OF THE STUD1
A 'nierse is t%e ,o,'lation a-ong %o- t%e st'$y is con$'cte$. 0%e 'nierse for t%e st'$y as
st'$ents fro- C%rist #niersity Bangalore.
7 SA0PLE SI8E
For t%is st'$y a total of 1" ere selecte$ an$ a ,'r,osie sa-,ling -et%o$ as 'se$ %ic% is a
for- of non ,ro7a7ility sa-,ling in %ic% $ecisions concerning t%e in$ii$'als to incl'$e$ in
t%e sa-,le are taken 7y t%e researc%er.
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9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
0%e researc%er took -eas'res to con$'ct t%e researc% in an et%ical -anner. 0%e researc%er
,erfor-e$ t%e folloing ,rocess:
• 7taine$ infor-e$ consent
• *roi$e$ t%e infor-ation regar$ing t%e researc%
• Maintaine$ confi$entiality
• *reente$ $isclos're of i$entity of t%e res,on$ents
C"apter Fo$r
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ANAL1SIS AND INTERPRETATIONS
/+ Profile of t"e respon%ents
17-20; 22%
20-25; 75%
25-30; 3%
Fi-$re /+
A-e -ro$p of t"e respon%ents
1" res,on$ents ere selecte$ t%ro'g% a conenient sa-,ling -et%o$. 't of t%ese 1" sa-,les
-aority+ >K (G") ere 7elonging to t%e age gro', of " to >. nly =K ere t%ere in t%e age
gro', of a7oe > an$ t%e rest of t%e- ere 7elongs to t%e age gro', of 1 to ".
/* Gen%er
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male; 38%
female; 62%
Gender
Fi-$re /*
Gen%er of t"e respon%ents
Fig're in$icates t%e gen$er ise $istri7'tion of t%e res,on$ents. In t%e fig're it is seen t%at !K
of t%e res,on$ents are fe-ales an$ =K are -ales. Since t%e sa-,les ere collecte$ 7ase$ on
t%e conenient sa-,ling -et%o$ t%e researc%er $i$ not 'se$ any kin$ of 7iase$ attit'$e toar$s
selecting t%e sa-,les.
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/ Reli-ion
Christian; 40%
Hindu; 55%
Muslim; 2% Buddism; 3% i!h; 1%
Fi-$re /
Reli-ion of t"e respon%ents
0%e co'ntries like In$ia+ religion %as alays a great role+ 7ot% in c'lt'ral an$ social
as,ects+ in ter-s of taking $ecisions a7o't t%eir life. In t%is st'$y t%e i-,act of religion
also an in$icator in toar$s getting t%e e;act res'lts. 0%e fig're s%os t%at -aority
,o,'lation of t%e st'$y as 7elong to in$' religion >>K an$ t%e C%ristians ere 4"K.
0%ere ere also -in'te re,resentations fro- t%e religions like M'sli-+ B'$$is- an$
Sik%.
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// So#io:e#ono;i# stat$s
Middle; 80%
"##er; 20%
Socio-Economic status
Fi-$re //
So#io:e#ono;i# stat$s of t"e respon%ents
0%e $ata inserte$ a7oe reeals a7o't t%e socio@econo-ic stat's of t%e res,on$ents. 0%e $ata
s%os t%at -aority of t%e res,on$ents ("K) ere 7elong to -i$$le@econo-ic stat's an$ only
"K of st'$ents ere t%ere to re,resent ',,er econo-ic class. 0%ere as no re,resentation at all
fro- lo econo-ic stat's.
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/3 E%$#ation of t"e st$%ents
Co$rses Professional #o$rses Ot"er #o$rses
Fre!
Per#enta-e >.G 4!.4
Ta.le /+
E%$#ation of t"e respon%ents
In t%is st'$y t%e sa-,les ere taken fro- 7ot% ,rofessional an$ ot%er non ,rofessional co'rses.
*rofessional co'rses like MBA+ MSW+ 22B+ MCA+ an$ M.Co- an$ so on an$ -aor
re,resentations (>.GK) of st'$ents ere fro- t%ese ,rofessional co'rses. 0%ere as also
co-,aratiely co-,etitie n'-7er of st'$ents (4!.4K) fro- ot%er co'rses like MSC+
*syc%ology+ BA+ MA an$ so on.
/4 O##$pations of t"e parents
O##$pation B$siness Tea#"er P$.li
#
Private Ho;e;a=er Une;plo&e
%
Ot"ers
Fat"er
>N?+*@
G
4K
!.!K
11
G.1K
.>K
" 4
"K
1
1.>K
0ot"er
>N?+*@
!
>K
14
11.!K
!
>K
!
>K
!>K
" 1"
.=K
Total => 1 => 4 =1
Ta.le /*
O##$pation of t"e parents
0%e a7oe ta7le ,resents t%e $ata an$ analysis of t%e occ',ation of t%e ,arents. In t%e ta7le it is
clear t%at -aority of t%e fat%ers are $oing t%eir on 7'sinesses an$ t%e rest of t%e -aority are
orking in t%e ,riate sector. Aro'n$ "K of t%e fat%ers are 'ne-,loye$ an$ t%e rest of t%e- are
eit%er orking in t%e ,'7lic sector (G.1K) or orking as a teac%er ("K). !>K of t%e -ot%ers
are %o-e-akers
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/6 Infl$en#e of Fa;il& ;e;.ers in #areer sele#tion
Infl'encing factors N Me$ian Mean St$. $eiation
Fat%er
Mot%er
Si7lings
1"
1"
1"
>
!."
!.1
4.
.=
.>
."
Ta.le /
S#ores in%i#ate t"e ;ean ;e%ian s#ore of infl$en#e
S#ale +:+@ >+? No infl$en#e +@? Hi-" infl$en#e
ata inserte$ in t%e a7oe ta7le is reeals t%e infl'ence of fa-ily -e-7ers in career selection of
college st'$ents. Analysis of $ata s%os t%at -a;i-'- infl'ence of career c%oice ',on t%e
st'$ents is fro- -ot%ers. 0%e reasons 7e%in$ co-,aratiely %ig% infl'ence -ay 7e 7eca'se of
t%e 'ality of ti-e -ot%ers are s,en$ing it% t%eir c%il$ren+ e-otional attac%-ent of t%e -ot%ers
an$ also -ay 7e t%e f'lfill-ent of t%e e;,ectation as a -ot%er. Fat%er is also ,lays an i-,ortant
role in t%e $ecision -aking t%e reasons -ay 7e ,restigio's an$ %ig% ,rofile o7 of t%e fat%er+ o7
nat're of t%e fat%er an$ so on. 0%e res'lt s%os t%at si7lings ,lay a -in'te role in ter-s of
selecting career.
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/7 Self %e#ision in #areer sele#tion
16$5
41$3 41$3
Fi-$re /3
Self %e#ision in #areer sele#tion pro#ess
0%e a7oe ta7le s%os t%at o't of 1" sa-,les aro'n$ 1!.>K of ,eo,le %ae lo
infl'ence of t%e self in taking $ecisions a7o't t%eir careerL t%ey are $e,en$ing on ot%ers
in t%e ter-s of career selection. Maority of t%e st'$ents are 7elong to t%e category of
-o$erately an$ %ig%ly infl'ence of self in taking $ecisions. It -eans t%at t%e -aority of
t%e st'$ents are taking $ecisions 7y t%eir on an$ t%ere is lo interference of ot%ers in
career $ecisions.
/9 Infl$en#e of Ot"er People
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N Me$ian Mean St$.
eiation
Infl'ence of ,eer
gro', 1" > 4.>41 .1Infl'ence of -e$ia 1" > 4.41 ."11Infl'ence of social
-e$ia 1" > 4.!1! .GG1
Ta.le //
S#ores in%i#ate t"e ;ean ;e%ian s#ore of infl$en#e
S#ale +:+@ >+? No infl$en#e +@? Hi-" infl$en#e
0%e infor-ation an$ t%e fin$ings in$icate t%at t%ere is also so-e kin$s of infl'ences are t%ere
fro- t%e si$e of ,eer gro',+ -e$ia an$ also social -e$ia. 0%e res'lt s%os t%at -e$ia %as -'c%
infl'ences co-,are$ to social -e$ia an$ ,eer gro',. 0%e -ean score s%os t%at t%e t%ree factors
%ae slig%t $ifference only in ter-s of infl'encing career c%oices. W%ile -ean score of t%e -e$ia
is 4.4 ot%er factors like ,eer gro', 4.>4 an$ social -e$ia 4.!1. Since ,eer gro', infl'ence is an
i-,ortance o7ectie of t%e st'$y t%e res'lt s%os t%at it %as only ery less infl'ence in career
$ecision -aking.
/+@ Fa#tors infl$en#in- #areer #"oi#e
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6$65
6$07 6$12
4$524$78
3$27
4$784$56
Fi-$re /4
S#ores in%i#ate t"e ;ean an% ;e%ian s#ore of infl$en#e
S#ale +:+@ >+? No infl$en#e +@? Hi-" infl$en#e
0%e a7oe -entione$ gra,% (Fig're No: 4.!) gies a $etaile$ 'n$erstan$ing of t%e gist of t%e
st'$y. It 7asically gies t%e ansers to t%e 'estions like %o infl'ences -ore an$ in %at
e;ten$ t%ey can infl'ence in t%e career $ecision -aking ,rocess of college st'$ents. 0%e res'lts
in$icate t%at t%e st'$ents are -at're$ eno'g% in taking $ecisions 7y t%eir on. 0%e -e$ian score
in$icates t%at in t%e scale of 1@1" t%e st'$ents %a$ gien as t%ey are ca,a7le of c%oosing t%e
$ecision 7y t%eir on. It is also a fact t%at fa-ily is an i-,ortant factor in t%e career $ecision
%ere fat%er an$ -ot%er ,lays e'al role in ter-s of -otiating an$ infl'encing t%eir c%il$ren
career. 0%e -e$ian score also strongly in$icate t%e i-,ortance si7ling9s infl'ence in ter-s of
giing s'ggestions an$ also act as a role -o$el to t%eir co'nter ,arts. 0%o'g% t%e st'$y of Ara7
NaJ et. al ca-e it% t%e fin$ings t%at ,eer an$ frien$s %ae i-,ortant role in t%e career selection(Ara7 NaJ et.al. "14) t%is st'$y %a$ co-e across it% t%e fin$ings t%at frien$s an$ ,eer %ae
only less infl'ence co-,are$ to t%e fa-ily -e-7ers. t%er t%an t%e o7ecties t%e st'$y also
ca-e it% t%e 'ne;,ecte$ fin$ings t%at -e$ia an$ social -e$ia %ae a significant role in t%e
career selection (-e$ian score >).
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/++ Differen#e in t"e infl$en#e of fa;il& ;e;.ers in t"e #areer sele#tion a;on- ;ale an%
fe;ale
Fa;il& Involve;ent S#ore
0ean Ran= Test val$e
Si-nifi#an
>+:taile%
Gen%erFe-ale Male
U O"+4>."" ,O"."!!>.14 >=@"4
Ta.le /3
Differen#e in t"e infl$en#e of fa;il& ;e;.ers in t"e #areer sele#tion a;on- ;ale an%
fe;ale
ifferent tests %ae 7een $one to test t%e $ifference of fa-ilial infl'ence in t%e career selection
a-ong -ale an$ fe-ale c%il$ren. 0%e res'lt s%os t%at none of t%e $ifference in fa-ilial
infl'ence scores along t%e $iision of gen$er ere statistically significant %en r'n on Mann@
W%itney # test (,P".">). So t%ere is no significant $ifference 7eteen -ale an$ fe-ale in ter-s
of fa-ilial infl'ence an$ t%ey are e'ally infl'ence$ 7y t%e fa-ily -e-7ers.
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3++ Infl$en#e of parents in t"e #areer %e#ision ;a=in- of #olle-e -oin- st$%ents
• 2ike ot%er st'$ies (laose7ikan et.al. "14L B%attac%arya S. "1=) t%is st'$y also %as got
t%e fin$ing t%at ,arental infl'ence is one of t%e i-,ortant factor in ter-s of taking
$ecision a7o't t%eir career.
• 0%o'g% t%e -e$ian score of fat%er an$ -ot%er are %en e analyJe t%e -ean score is
little 7it %ig% for -ot%er (fat%er !."+ -ot%er !.1).
3+* Infl$en#e of si.lin-s in t"e #areer %e#ision ;a=in- pro#ess
• 0%o'g% t%e si7ling9s infl'ence is one of t%e -aor o7ectie of t%e st'$y t%e fin$ings
s%os t%at si7lings %as co-,aratiely less infl'ence (-e$ian scoreO>) in career
$ecision (fig're 4.!).
3+ Peer infl$en#e in #areer %e#ision
• 0%e fin$ings s%o t%at ,eer %as co-,aratiely ery lo infl'ence in ter-s of taking
$ecisions a7o't t%eir career (-e$ian score >).
• W%ile ot%er st'$ies (NaJ A.et.al. "14) ca-e it% t%e fin$ings t%at ,eer an$ frien$s
%ae a great infl'ence in t%e career selection+ t%e ,resent st'$y s%os t%at t%ere is only
-ini-al infl'ence of ,eers an$ frien$s in t%e career selection ,rocess (fig're 4.!)
3+/ Ot"er infl$en#in- fa#tors in #areer sele#tion
0%e st'$y also co-e it% t%e fin$ings t%at -e$ia (nes,a,er+ -agaJines+ career g'i$es
etc.) an$ social -e$ia (face 7ook+ titter+ yo' t'7e) %ae a significant role in t%e ,rocess
of career $ecision (fig're 4.!)
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3* SUGGESTIONS
More t%an t%at 7y knoing t%e infl'encing factors it is i-,ortant t%at %o t%ey got infl'ence$
an$ in %at kin$ of interentions can 7e -a$e to %el, t%e yo'ngsters %o are in tro'7le in taking
$ecisions. Career co'nseling is an ',co-ing fiel$ an$ nee$s to a$$ress iss'es %ic% affect
in$ii$'als %ile t%ey -ake career c%oices. /en t%o'g% t%ere is aareness in relation to t%e
e;istence of t%e fiel$+ -any $o not a,,roac% it+ as t%ey -ay7e conten$e$ it% t%e c%oices t%ey
%ae -a$e. B't since career co'nseling %el,s in$ii$'als to -ake 7etter c%oices+ it -'st 7e a7le
to -ake an i-,ression an$ %el, in$ii$'als at a ti-e %en t%ey t%o'g%t a7o't career are sloly
setting li-itation t%eir -in$s an$ t%is co'l$ 7e $one at t%e senior sc%ool leel+ as t%at o'l$ 7e a
7etter ti-e to foc's on %at one o'l$ like to $o in t%e f't're. Moreoer %en giing career
co'nseling t%e co'nselors nee$ to 7ear in -in$ t%e ays in %ic% t%e clients o'l$ %ae co-e to
for-ing interests toar$s certain careers or t%e ,references t%ey %ae+ etc. it is %ere t%at t%e
infl'ence of t%e fa-ily s%o'l$ not go 'nacco'nte$ for as it is an i-,ortant so'rce of infor-ation
an$ o'l$ %el, 'n$erstan$ t%e infl'ence t%e fa-ily is e;erting on t%eir c%il$ren c%oice of career.
0%e fa-ily nee$s to also 7e an actie ,art %en t%e $ecisions are -a$e as ,er t%e co-fort leels
of t%e client. 0%'s+ 7y atten$ing to t%is as,ect+ co'nselors ill 7e 7etter e'i,,e$ to ,roi$e
assistance to t%eir clients an$ gie t%e- a -ore %olistic ,ict're %en -aking t%eir c%oices an$
lessen t%e conf'sion t%at t%ey are e;,eriencing.
Since t%e res'lt $e,icts t%at ,arents %ae a -aor role in %el,ing t%e c%il$ren taking a,,ro,riate
$ecisions a7o't t%eir career t%e ,arents also s%o'l$ e'i,,e$ ,ro,erly it% t%e recent tren$s of
career. So it is also i-,ortant t%at t%e ,arents also s%o'l$ get a$e'ate training in t%e carrier
orientation ,rogra-s.
3 I0PLICATION OF THE STUD1
• Career orientation s%o'l$ 7e ,roi$e$ for c%il$ren fro- t%e sc%ool itself
• el,ing t%e st'$ents to select s'ita7le career is as i-,ortant as soling t%eir iss'es.
*ro-oting sc%ool social ork or sc%ool co'nseling is essential an$ t%is st'$y co'l$
contri7'te toar$s it.
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• Fin$ings of t%e st'$y say t%at ,arents %ae an i-,ortant role %ile c%oosing career
a-ong st'$ents. ence+ orientation s%o'l$ 7e ,roi$e$ to ,arents as ell.
• *ro-oting life skill training ,rogra- in t%e sc%ool as ell as in t%e co--'nities o'l$
7e an effectie ay to %el, t%e st'$ents to take $ecisions it% t%eir career.
3/ LI0ITATIONS
0%e st'$y is li-ite$ to t%e ,o,'lation of t%e C%rist #niersity
0%e socio@econo-ic stat's of t%e c%il$ren s%os t%at -aority of t%e res,on$ents ere
7elongs to t%e -i$$le class an$ t%e rest of t%e- ere %ig% class fa-ily 7ackgro'n$.
0%ere is no re,resentation of st'$ents fro- lo class fa-ily.
Since it as a 'antitatie st'$y t%e st'$y as li-ite$ to 7ringing it% t%e n'-7ers an$
it faile$ to 7ring e;act reasons for %o t%e factors infl'ence in c%oosing t%eir career an$
so on.
33 CONCLUSION
0%e st'$y QInfl'ence of ,arents+ si7lings an$ ,eers in career selectionD is con$'cte$ a-ong t%e
,o,'lation of C%rist #niersity egree an$ *ost gra$'ate st'$ents. 0%e sa-,le siJe as 1"
incl'$ing 4 fe-ales an$ 4! -ales. 0%e st'$ies fro- t%e e;tensie literat'res it can 7e sai$ t%at
t%ere are lots of factors e;erte$ a consi$era7le a-o'nt of infl'ence on t%e career c%oices of
c%il$ren (Correll ""1+ ""4). In or$er to 'n$erstan$ t%e a-o'nt of infl'ences t%at is e;erte$
fro- ,arents+ si7lings an$ t%e ,eers t%ree -ain s,ecific o7ecties ere ,'t forar$ an$ 7ase$ on
t%is t%e st'$y got ,rogresse$.
A 'antitatie -et%o$ of st'$y as 'se$ to collect t%e infor-ation. Self -a$e 'estionnaire %as
7een 'se$ to collect t%e $ata fro- 1" sa-,les an$ t%e analysis as $one it% t%e ,ercentages+
fre'encies+ -ean+ -e$ian an$ stan$ar$ $eiation as ell as Mann W%itney test.
0%e st'$y %as co-e across it% so-e 'ni'e fin$ings like t%o'g% t%ere ere ,reio's st'$ies
t%at ere $one in relation to t%e infl'ence as,ectL t%e e;tent of infl'ence on career c%oices as
not ery ei$ent. Fro- t%e ,resent st'$y it ca-e to 7e knon t%at t%e fa-ily -e-7ers are seen
to 7e -aor infl'encing factors in t%e career $ecision -aking. So it lea$s to t%e i-,lication t%at
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t%e ,arents s%o'l$ $o a colla7oratie s',,ort an$ training to ,arents on career g'i$ance an$ t%e
role of sc%ool co'nselor or sc%ool social orker is ery ei$ent at t%is 'nct're. 0%e role of
sc%ool social orker ill 7e likeL assist t%e ,arents in ,roi$ing career relate$ -o$eling+
teac%ing t%e- %o to get into t%e conersation of t%eir on occ',ations ot%er t%an t%at t%e
c'rrent tren$s of occ',ations in t%e orl$.
0%ere as a fin$ing t%at as -a$e %ic% s%oe$ t%at %ile -aking a career c%oice none of
t%e- %a$ any kin$ of ,ress're fro- t%eir fa-ily or fro- t%eir eniron-ent 7eca'se t%e -e$ian
score of self $ecision ,roes t%at -aority of t%e- taken $ecision 7y t%eir on. So ,ro-oting life
skill training ,rogra- in t%e co--'nity as ell as in t%e sc%ool ill 7e -ore effectie in %el,ing
t%e- to $eci$e t%eir f't're.
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/$ar$ A. Nelsen+ E. W. (1G!). *arental Infl'ence an$ career c%oice: o ,arents affect t%e
career as,irations of t%eir c%il$ren. he 9ournel of e:$erimental education .
/llen 2. Csikai+ C. R. (1GG). Social ork i$ealis- an$ st'$ents ,erceie$ reasons for
entering social ork. Journel of social wor8 education + >G@>=.
Fre$eric &'ay+ C. S. (""=). *re$icting Career In$ecision: A Self@eter-ination 0%eory
*ers,ectie. Journel of counseling $s%cholog% + 1!>@1.
3nieton. (""4). 0%e infl'ences an$ -otiations on %ic% st'$ents 7ase t%eir c%oice of
career. Research in education + 4@>.
SA2AMI 2#F#NMI2A6 2AMI/+ S. . ("1=). 0%e Factors eter-ining t%e C%oice
of Career A-ong Secon$ary Sc%ool St'$ents. +nternational 9ournel of engineering and
science + ==@44.