research i - chapter 1 update - maggie nelson

8/8/2019 Research I - Chapter 1 Update - Maggie Nelson

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Physical Computing and Sensing:

An Introduction

CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01


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Physical Computing and Sensing


CH 09 CH 08 CH 07 CH 06 CH 05 CH 04 CH 03 CH 02 CH 01


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A wireless router/modem, an example of

an embedded system.

The Atmega32 micontroller

http://www.at

mel.com/dyn/products/produc

t_card.asp?part_

id=2014

http://www.maplin.co.u

k/

Embedded Computation:

Introduction

The term Embedded Computation refers to

computer systems designed to perform one or a few

dedicated functions, usually embedded as part of a

complete device often including hardware and me-

chanical parts. Embedded systems control many

devices in common use today, ranging from digitalwatches and MP3 players to large stationary instal-

lations like trafc lights and factory controllers. Often

used with real-time computing constraints, embedded

systems are not always standalone devices; instead,

many consist of small, computerized parts within a

larger device that serves a more general purpose.


Microcontrollers

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single

integrated circuit containing a processor core, memo-

ry, and programmable input/output peripherals. Micro-

controllers are designed for embedded applications,in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal

computers or other general purpose applications. By

reducing the size and cost compared to a design that

uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/

output devices, microcontrollers make it economical

to digitally control a wide range of devices and pro-

cesses.



4/27

Arduino Duemilanove

Arduino BT

http://arduino

.cc/en/Main/Hardware

http://arduino.cc/en/Main

/Hardware


Microcontrollers

In the context of this course, single-board mi-

crocontrollers are the most relevant for use. Arduino

is one popular type of open-source hardware and soft-

ware, which comes in a variety of models of different

sizes and capabilites. The following is a list of the Ar-

duino boards currently sold, with a short description ofeach one.

Duemilanove: meaning 2009 in Italian, this

board is named after the year of its release, and is the

latest in a series of USB Arduino boards. It contains

everything needed to support the microcontroller; sim-

ply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power

it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

Mega: a larger option with more input/outputs,

the Mega Arduino has 54 digital input/output pins (of

which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog

inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz

crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button.

BT: a microcontroller board based on the ATme-

ga168 (datasheet) and the Bluegiga WT11 bluetooth

module, which supports wireless serial communication

over bluetooth.

Mini: a smaller microcontroller board intended

for use on breadboards and when space is at a premi-

um. It can be programmed with the Mini USB adapter

or other USB or RS232 to TTL serial adapter.




5/27

Lilypad Arduino

Arduino Pro

http://arduino

.cc/en/Main/Hardware

http://arduino.cc/en/Main

/Hardware


Microcontrollers

Nano: a small, complete, and breadboard-

friendly board. It has more or less the same functional-

ity of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different pack-

age. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a

Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.

LilyPad: designed for wearables and e-textiles,

this microcontroller can be sewn to fabric and similarly

mounted power supplies, sensors and actuators with

conductive thread.

Fio: intended for wireless applications, users

can upload sketches with an a FTDI cable or Spark-

fun breakout board. Additionally, by using a modiedUSB-to-XBee adaptor such as XBee Explorer USB,

the user can upload sketches wirelessly. The board

comes without pre-mounted headers, allowing for vari-

ous types of connectors or direct soldering of wires.

Pro: with a wider variety of connectors, this

model is intended for semi-permanent installation in

objects or exhibitions. The board comes without pre-mounted headers, allowing the use of various types of

connectors or direct soldering of wires. The pin layout

is compatible with Arduino shields. The 3.3V versions

of the Pro can be powered with a battery.

Pro Mini: like the larger version, this model is

intended for semi-permanent installation. The pin lay-

out is compatible with the Arduino Mini. There are two

versions of the Pro Mini, which run at 3.3V and 8 MHz,

and at 5V and 16 MHz respectively.



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CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02CH.05 CH.01


7/27

Boarduino

Xbee Shield

http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/produ

ct_info.p

hp?products_

id=9588

http://www.solarbotics.co

m/products/18940/


Microcontroller Shields

Shields are printed circuit boards which sit atop

an Arduino or a clone and plug into the normally sup-

plied pin-headers. These are expansions to the base

Arduino to extend the possible actuators, sensors, and

functionalities of Arduino. Sheilds can have any one of

many functions, from motor controls to breadboarding(prototyping).

The following is a rundown of many types of

common shields available for Arduino. As there are

so many different types, this is by no means an ex-

haustive list, and more information can be found

online at http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Main/

SimilarBoards#goShie

Boarduino: a mini Arduino clone that sits di-

rectly on the breadboard, eliminating the need for

wiring between the two. The main difference from a

standard Arduino is that it does not have an on-board

USB-to-TTL converter. It uses a 5-pin interface that is

designed to match the FTDI TTL-232R USB-to-TTLcable, or other serial-to-TTL converter.

Xbee Shield: allows an Arduino board to com-

municate wirelessly using Zigbee, up to 100 feet in-

doors or 300 feet outdoors (with line-of-sight). It can

be used as a serial/usb replacement or you can put it

into a command mode and congure it for a variety of

broadcast and mesh networking options.




8/27

Rugged Circuits Gadget Shield

LCD Shield

http://www.criticalvelocity.com/item.p

hp?ite

mid=shield9)

http://www.ruggedcircuits.com/html/gadget_shield.h

tm

l

research topic:


Rugged Circuits Gadget Shield: an add-on

(shield) for the GATOR, Arduino Duemilanove, and

Arduino Mega boards, extending the functionality of

the board by adding several interesting sensors and

actuators. Fully assembled and ready to go, this shield

comes complete with 3-axis accelerometer, an IR de-tector, an IR emitter, high-brightness RGB LED, infra-

red LED, two thumbwheel potentiometers, two push-

buttons, four LEDs, and one visible light sensor.

LCD Shield: open source, allows you to easily

connect a character LCD to the Arduino, includes a

speaker, a push button and prototyping space.

rMP3 Playback Module: Play sounds/music

and read/write data from SD cards.

TellyMate Shield: TV-Out from your Arduino,

uses the serial output of the Arduino to control a 38x25

character display on a PAL or NTSC TV.

Button Shield: a shield with 32 buttons, mode

A and mode B, a space bar, and a shift key with dual

inline LEDs. It lets you turn the Arduino into a hand-

held, portable microcontroller computer, or gadget.

Propellurino: a shield with open source soft-

ware with a multicore processor; different interfaces

allow you to use as a synthesizer with Arduino, to dis-

play data on a VGA screen, and more.



9/27

TellyMate Shield

Propellurino

http://www.hobby-roboter.de/forum/viewtopic.p

hp?f=5&t=72

http://www.batsocks.co.u

k/products/Shields/TellyMate%20Shield.h

tm

rMP3 Playback Module

Button Shield

http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/BUT

/ButtonShield

http://www.roguerobotics

.com/products/electronics/rmp3

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08

CH.01 CH.05


10/27

6-pack Shield

DoubleTall Extender Shield

http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/DTX

/DoubleTall+ExtenderShield

http://www.takeawayfest

ival.com/node/257


6-pack: an Arduino shield consisting of 6 linear

potentiometer sliders that can be assigned to different

variables in the users preferred software. It can be

used to control a wide array of audio/video applica-

tions, from software synthesizers to HDJ systems. All,

with a minimal footprint (3,5 x 2,5) at a fraction of thecost of an equivalent MIDI interface.

DoubleTall Extender Shield: Put 2 shields on

the Arduino at once with this piece of hardware. Plug

in an Arduino to the underside and it replicates all of

the pins in two locations. The pin replicators keep ev-

erything connected.

Adafruit Servo/Stepper/DC Motor shield:

A shield that can control 2 hobby servos and up to 2

unipolar/bipolar stepper motors or 4 bi-directional DC

motors at one time.

Input Shield: buttons, a joystick, and an A-B

selector switch for making games or controlling robots.

Battery Shield: connects to the back of the Ar-

duino, with a USB-rechargable lithium ion battery that

can power an Arduino for 14-28 hours.

Adafruit XPort/Ethernet shield: allows use of

an XPort module for connecting to the Internet as a

client or server.




11/27

Input Shield

Xport/Ethernet Shield

http://www.la

dyada.net/make/eshield/

http://www.l

iquidware.com/shop/show/INPT/InputShield

Servo/Stepper/DC Motor Shield

Lithium Backpack Battery Shield

http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/BP/Lithium+BackPack

http://www.ladyada.net/m

ake/mshield/



12/27

RFIDuino Shield

TouchShield Stealth

http://www.liquidware.com/shop/show/TS/TouchShield+Stealth

http://rfd.m

arcboon.c

om

/#category2



RFIDuino: Reads and writes 13.56MHz ISO-

14443A (Mifare) RFID tags. Available as an easy-to-

solder kit, through-hole only. RFIDuino mounts up-

side-down on top of a Arduino, and has an integrated

antenna.

TouchShield Stealth: a 128128 pixel OLED

screen on a PCB shield. It is Arduino-ready and brings

advanced I/O capabilities to the Arduino platform.

Compiling and uploading to the TouchShield is done

through a one-click button in the Arduino Environment,

making it easy to write touch-interface applications.

Adafruit Wave shield: Plays any size 22KHz

audio les from an SD memory card for music, effects

and interactive sound art.

GPS & Datalogging shield: Connects up a

GPS module and can log location, time/date as well

as sensor data to an SD memory ash card.

pHduino: a pH meter using Arduino board for

pH measurements with a glass electrode.

ServoShield: uses two 4017 decade counters

to drive up to 16 servos using only 4 pins (digital pins

6 to 9) and as little as one 8bit timer in standard mode

or two 16/8bit timers in high accuracy mode.



13/27

Adafruit Wave Shield

pHduino

http://code.g

oogle.com/p/phduino/

http://www.a

dafruit.com/index.p

hp?main_

page=product_

info&products_

id=94

Adafruit GPS + Datalogging Shield

Servo Shield

http://www.renbotics.com/

http://www.ladyada.net/m

ake/gpsshield/


14/27



15/27

9-volt Battery + Arduino

H-Bridge Motor Controller

http://electro

nics.d

ivinechildhighschool.org

/Home/Arduino-Lessons/h-

bridge

http://transformativedesign.p

bworks.com/Arduino-Tuto

rial-2%3A-

Switches-and-LEDs

Power Management

Many options exist to manage power supply to

Arduino, including sheilds, external batteries, external

DC power supplies, relays, and even solar power. The

following is a summary for each of these possibilities.

External batteries: shields are available to con-nect external batteries to Arduino. Standard AA or 9V

are popular options, and its possible to use recharge-

able batteries to extend their utility. Rechargeable gel

cell batteries, which can supply power for 60-70 hours,

are another option, though their bulk makes them less

useful for mobile applications.

External plug-ins: DC power supply can han-

dle 110V-220V, to supply Arduino board with a maxi-

mum of 25V. User forums have suggested that running

external DC power at less than 9V may make Arduino

unstable, although there is not much documentation

to support this claim. An external DC power supply is

necessary to run some peripherals, especially in the

case of multiple servos, LCDs or LEDs.

H-Bridge: An h-bridge motor controller is very

useful for two purposes: one is to control two motors

at the same time, the other is to be able to reverse the

direction of the motors at will. This sort of component

would come in handy if you were working on anything

that you wanted to go back and forth or any two sepa-

rate directions, especially in order to switch the power

on and off hundreds of times per second.




16/27

Power Relay Circuit Diagram

http://blog.m

akezine.com/archive/2009/02

/connecting_

a_

relay_

to_

ar-

duino.h

tml

Power Management

Power relays: In short, a relay allows our rel-

atively low voltage Arduino to easily control higher

power circuits. A relay accomplishes this by using the

5V outputted from an Arduino pin to energize an elec-

tromagnet which in turn closes an internal, physical

switch attached to the aforementioned higher powercircuit.

The use of a power relay is strongly recom-

mended for those interested in controlling wall pow-

ered devices, due to their higher voltage and thus

higher potential for damaging the user or the Arduino

board. This leads to another signicant reason to use

a relay -- for electrical isolation. The switching contactsof a relay are completely isolated from the coil, and

hence from the Arduino.

Wind Turbine Remote Arduino Power Meter:

While this project cannot yet power Arduino with

energy captured through wind power, it is moving in the

right direction. The idea is to log the amount of power

generated from the wind turbine and have the data au-

tomatically be uploaded online where it can graphed.

The power meter works by reading the current ow-

ing from the turbine using a Hall Effect current sen-

sor, which outputs a voltage that can then be read by

the Arduinos analog to digital input. The Arduino then

sends the data through the Internet to a server, which

reads the data and stores it in a database so graphs

can be created. More information can be found here:

http://www.danlampie.com/?p=452


Power Relay Circuit on Arduino

http://bridell.com/switching-and-reversing-arduino-rela

y-shield/



17/27

Experimental Solar-Capture device

http://www.funwitharduino.com/sun-tracking-solar-powered-arduino.

html

Solar Cell + Battery for Arduino

http://www.nuelectronics.com/estore/index.p

hp?main_

page=product_info&products_

id=13

Power Management

Solar Power for Arduino: Commercial-avail-

able solar-powerd units for Arduino are now on market.

This 9V Solar & battery power supply, at right, is spe-

cially designed for Arduino and other microcontroller

project alike. It can be used as a portable power sup-

ply, and is capable of delivering 9V, 500mA power. Itcan be charged by your PCB USB port or by sun-light

or in-door light sources.

Some experiements have also been made with

solar tracking for Arduino, which would enable the use

of solar collectors for more efcient power storage.

For the most part, current work in this area has been

by individuals hacking certain systems to create theirowe low-cost trackers; however, given that the above

solar cell and battery is now commericially available,

a consumer-grade solar tracker system may not be far

behind.




18/27

Texas Instruments Multiplexer

Sparkfun MUX Breakout Board

http://www.s

parkfun.com/commerce/product_info.p

hp?products_

id=9056

http://www.sparkfun.com

/commerce/product_info.p

hp

?products_

id=299


Multiplexing

Controlling large number of elements with one

13-pin arduino might seem a challenge, but is possiblt

through multiplexing. This is a process where multiple

analog message signals or digital data streams are

combined into one signal over a shared medium. The

aim is to share an expensive resource. For example,in telecommunications, several phone calls may be

transferred using one wire. It originated in telegraphy,

and is now widely applied in communications.

The Arduino website discusses the use of a

Multiplexer in combination with a Demultiplexer to re-

distribute signals: http://www.arduino.cc/playground/

Learning/4051

One example of this device is the Texas Instru-

ments CD74HC4067 16-Channel multiplexer, which

takes an analog to digital reading from 16 devices with

only 1 ADC channel and 4 control pins. Sparkfun also

makes a breakout board for this multiplexer, which al-

lows for easier access to each channel input. These

parts are both a very economical solution to control-

ling more than 12 devices from an Arduino board; the

Multiplexer itself costs less than $1, while the breakout

board with multiplexer already soldered on is about $4.



19/27

Maxuino environment

Firefy Toolbar and Primer document

http://www.freyexperiments.c

om/

http://vjanomolee.multip

ly.com/journal/item/1/SUCCESS-Arduino2Max-

msp_

wMaxuino


Scripting Platforms for Arduino

MaxMSP: Max is a visual programming lan-

guage for music and multimedia, widely used by com-

posers, performers, researchers, and artists for cre-

ating innovative recordings and installations. As an

extension to Max, MSP (Max Signal Processing), it

allows real-time manipulation of digital audio signals,so users can create their own synthesizers and effects

processors. Extensions such as Maxuino help Ardui-

no talk to MaxMSP.

Firefy is a set of software tools dedicated to

bridging the gap between Grasshopper, the Arduino

micro-controller, the internet and beyond. It allows

near real-time data ow between the digital and physi-

cal worlds, and will read/write data to/from internet

feeds, remote sensors and more.

Python: using an interpreter library, one can

write code in the high-level Python language, then up-

load it to Arduino.

RAD: Ruby Arduino Development is a frame-

work for programming the Arduino physcial comput-

ing platform using Ruby script. It converts Ruby scripts

into C source code, which can be compiled and run

on the Arduino microcontroller. The ability to write mi-

crocontroller code in a high level dynamic language

like Ruby allows use of development aids the users of

Ruby have come to expect: developer testing, platform

independence, easy metaprogramming, etc.



20/27

Scripting Platforms for Arduino

RhinoScript: based on Microsofts VBScript

language, this tool allows users to can quickly add

functionality to Rhino, such as to automate repetitive

tasks to quickly build 3d models and visualizations.

RhinoScript follows a set of procedures, and the ability

to control the ow of the script and incorporate user

input is where it becomes particularly useful. Oftenused with Processing, where 3d visualizations can be

exported to Rhino les for further customization and

rendering.

Lego ROBOLAB: Lego makes GUI software,

with intuitive drap-and-drop features, called ROBO-LAB to teach schoolchildren how to program their

Mindstorm robotic systems; however these robots can

also be programmed with several high-level platforms

for more advanced users.

ActionScript: used primarily for the develop-

ment of websites and software targeting on the AdobeFlash platform, on webpages in the form of embedded

SWF les. In addition to web-based games and rich In-

ternet applications with streaming media, it is suitable

for some database applications and in basic robotics.

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor is a widely used,

general-purpose scripting language that was originallydesigned for web development to produce dynamic

web pages. As a general-purpose programming lan-

guage, it may also function as a graphical application.


Processing pattern for use in Rhino

a Lego Mindstorm Robot

http://minds

torms.lego.com/en-us/products/default.aspx

http://cat2.m

it.e

du/4.2

07/bod

y.html

Other Scripting Platforms



21/27

Platform Comparison

Other Scripting Platforms

HTML: HyperText Markup Language is the pre-

dominant markup language for web pages and the

building blocks of all basic websites. It allows images

and objects to be embedded and can be used to cre-

ate interactive forms and structured documents by

denoting text elements. It can embed scripts in other

languages to affect the behavior of HTML webpages

Java: a general-purpose, class-based, object-

oriented language that is specically designed to have

as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is

intended to let application developers write once, run

anywhere. Java is extremely popular and is widely

used from application software to web applications

Basic: Beginners All-purpose Symbolic In-

struction Code, a family of high-level programming

languages. It remains popular through its inuence on

several highly modied dialects and new languages,

such as Microsoft Visual Basic, which enables the rap-

id application development of graphical user interface

(GUI) applications. ZBasic is another subset which has

useful extensions for microcontroller programming.

C: a general-purpose computer programming

language widely used for developing portable appli-

cation software, including embedded system applica-

tions. It is a popular choice due to its code portabil-

ity and efciency, ability to match externally imposed

data access requirements, and low runtime demand

on system resources, as well as its speed, stability,

and near-universal availability.




22/27

Crowdsourcing diagram

http://eclipsesource.com/blogs/2009/07/1

3/crowdsourcing-docu-

mentation-a

t-eclipse/

Sensing + Web 2.0

Viral Sensing

The term Viral Sensing refers to techniques

that use pre-existing social networks to read activity

data through self-replicating viral processes, analo-

gous to the spread of pathological and computer

viruses. Though data can be delivered via word-of-

mouth, it tends to be enhanced by the network effectsof the Internet. Similar to viral marketing, viral sensing

may take in data in the form of video clips, interac-

tive games, user activities and interactions, images, or

even text messages.

Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is the act of outsourcing tasks,

traditionally performed by an employee or contractor,

to a large group of people or community (a crowd),

through an open call. For example, the public may be

invited to develop a new technology, carry out a design

task (also known as community-based design and dis-

tributed participatory design), rene or carry out the

steps of an algorithm (see human-based computa-

tion), or help capture, systematize or analyze large

amounts of data.

The term has become shorthand for the trend of

leveraging the mass collaboration enabled by Web 2.0

technologies to achieve business goals.



23/27

Cloud Computing diagram

GUI Widget example

http://en.wi

kipedia.org/wiki/File:Widgets.p

ng

http://en.w

ikipedia.org

/wiki/File:Cloud_

computing.sv

g

Sensing + Web 2.0

Mashups

In Web development, a mashup is a Web page

or application that uses and combines data, presenta-

tion or functionality from two or more sources to create

new services.

The term implies easy, fast integration, fre-

quently using open APIs and data sources to produceenriched results that were not necessarily the original

reason for producing the raw source data.

To be able to permanently access the data of

other services, mashups are generally client applica-

tions or hosted online. Since 2010, two major mashup

vendors have added support for hosted deployment

based on Cloud computing solutions.

In the past years, more and more Web applica-

tions have published APIs that enable software devel-

opers to easily integrate data and functions instead of

building them by themselves. Mashups can be consid-

ered to have an active role in the evolution of social

software and Web 2.0. Mashups composition tools

are usually simple enough to be used by end-users.

They generally do not require programming skills, they

rather support visual wiring of GUI widgets, services

and components together. Therefore, these tools con-

tribute to a new vision of the Web, where users are

able to contribute to and benet from a wider array of

information.



24/27

Twitter Data, visualized through APIs

http://micha

eldundas.com/images/blog/dnsQueryBubble1.png

Interactive/Online Platforms

Scripting specialist and blogger Marc Andrees-

sen has written an interesting post in which he catago-

rizes internet platforms into three levels (see diagram

at right). This logic is interesting as it relates to the

web as an interactive platform where developers can

acquire code for popular websites and networks. Oneway to do this is through APIs (Application program-

ming interface). It facilitates interaction between dif-

ferent software programs similar to the way the user

interface facilitates interaction between humans and

computers. An API is implemented by applications,

libraries, and operating systems to determine their

vocabularies and calling conventions, and is used to

access their services.

Services and networks like Twitter make their

APIs available to allow other web services and ap-

plications to integrate with them; Flickr, Facebook, Ya-

hoo, Google Maps and Google Earth all to the same,

permitting access to gather data from these sites for

use in applications such as visualizations.

In addition to use of APIs, Postgres is another

open source data management tool that incorporates

administrative aspects to help companies manage

their sites. PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an

object-relational database management system (OR-

DBMS) controlled by a global community of develop-

ers and companies develops the system. Some prom-

inent users of the system include Yahoo!, MySpace,

OpenStreetMap, Sony Online, hi5.com, and Skype.

Sensing + Web 2.0

platforms apps run elsewhere, and

calls into the platform via a web

services API to draw on data and

services. Ex: Flickr

platforms apps run elsewhere, but

inject functionality into the platform

via a plug-in API. Ex: Facebook

platforms apps run inside the platform

itself the platform provides the

runtime environment within which

the apps code runs.



25/27

Interactive/Online Platforms

Similar to APIs and Postgres, Pachube is a

data brokerage platform for the internet of things, man-

aging millions of datapoints per day from thousands

of individuals, organisations & companies around the

world. It enables you to store, share & discover real-

time sensor, energy and environment data from ob-jects, devices & buildings around the world.

Apart from enabling direct connections between

any two devices, objects or environments, it can also

be used to facilitate many-to-many connections: just

like a physical patch bay, Pachube enables any

things to plug-in to other things in real time so that,

for example, buildings, interactive environments, net-

worked energy meters, virtual worlds and mobile sen-

sor devices can all talk and respond to each other.

Pachube also works with Java, Processing, and

Arduino through the EEML library for Processing (see

sample code at right), which enables simple creation,

access and manipulation of EEML documents. With

the EEML library it is easy to set up connections to

Pachube in order to:

link Processing sketches across networks;

use Arduino to share real time sensor data;

connect Processing sketches to real time sen-

sor data from around the world;

make Processing sketches respond to and

control Second Life environments;

log/graph Processing variables;

Additionally, there is a Pachube to Arduino ap-

plication called Pachuino, which may be quicker and

simpler than using the EEML library alone.

Sensing + Web 2.0

import processing.serial.*;import cc.arduino.*;

import eeml.*;

import pachuino.*;

Pachuino p;

void setup(){

p = new Pachuino(this, Arduino.list()[0],

115200);

p.manualUpdate("http://www.pachube.com/api/1153.xml"); // change URL -- this is the feed

you want to update

p.setKey("ENTER_PACHUBE_API_KEY_HERE");

// local sensors

p.addLocalSensor("analog", 0,"lightSensor");

p.addLocalSensor("analog", 1,"temperature");

p.addLocalSensor("digital", 2, "button");

p.addLocalSensor("digital", 5, "button2");

// remote sensors

p.addRemoteSensor(504, "accesses");

p.addRemoteSensor(1182, 0);

p.addRemoteSensor("http://www.pachube.com/

api/1228.xml", 2);

p.addRemoteSensor("http://www.pachube.com/

api/1136.xml", "blockameter");

}

void draw(){

foat tempVal1 = p.localSensor[3].value;

foat tempVal2 = p.remoteSensor[0].value;

String tempTags1 = p.localSensor[0].tags;

String tempTags2 = p.remoteSensor[1].tags;

p.digitalWrite(10, 1);

p.analogWrite(9, p.remoteSensor[0].value *

10);

//p.debug();

}

void onReceiveEEML(DataIn d){

p.updateRemoteSensors(d);

}



26/27

Data Visualization

Data visualization is the study of the visual rep-

resentation of data, meaning information which has

been abstracted in some schematic form, including at-

tributes or variables for the units of information.

According to Friedman (2008) the main goal ofdata visualization is to communicate information clear-

ly and effectively through graphical means. It doesnt

mean that data visualization needs to look boring to

be functional or extremely sophisticated to look beau-

tiful. To convey ideas effectively, both aesthetic form

and functionality need to go hand in hand, providing

insights into a rather sparse and complex data set by

communicating its key-aspects in a more intuitive way.

Yet designers often fail to achieve a balance between

design and function, creating gorgeous data visualiza-

tions which fail to serve their main purpose to com-

municate information.

Data visualization is closely related to Infor-

mation graphics, Information visualization, Scientic

visualization and Statistical graphics. In the new mil-

lennium data visualization has become active area

of research, teaching and development. According to

Post et al (2002) it has united the eld of scientic and

information visualization.

Sensing + Web 2.0

Glocal Visualization

Student list conversations map

http://www.auscillate.com/itp/listview/images/listview.g

if

http://www.g

loc

al.ca/



27/27

Data Visualization

Websites with further information on Data Visualization.

Data Visualization: http://datavisualization.ch/

Information Aesthetics: http://infosthetics.com/

Flowing Data: http://owingdata.com/

Visual Complexity: http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/

Websites as graphs:

http://www.aharef.info/static/htmlgraph/

Poetry visualization:

http://www.esono.com/boris/projects/poetry05/

Newsmap: an application that visually reects the con-

stantly changing Google News news aggregator. The

size of data blocks is dened by their popularity at the

moment. http://newsmap.jp/

Voyage: an RSS-feader which displays the latest news

in the gravity area. http://rssvoyage.com/

Glocal: a collaborative, multifaceted artist-led project

that examines the changing role of digital image making

today. Glocal is particularly interested in exploring the

construction and relevance of the unique or originary

image in relation to the multiple or multitude.

http://www.glocal.ca/

Sensing + Web 2.0

research i - chapter 1 update - maggie nelson

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