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Combustion and Its Optimization

Synthetic Fuels

Energy Conversion Systems

• Topic 1 - Energy Conversion

Biomass

Renewable Hydrogen

Geothermal Energy

• Topic 2 - Renewable Energies

Superconducting Components

Facilities for Electric Power Grids

Intelligent Power Grids

□ Nanomaterials enhance the performance and storage capacity of batteries.

Appli-cations include lithium batteries for mobile equipment, high-performance

batteries for hybrid vehicles, and stationary battery storage banks.

Batteries and Accumulators

Hydrogen for Energy Storage

• Topic 3 - Energy Storage and Energy Distribution

Enhance Energy Efficiency

□ Energy consumption in manufacturing and processing technologies can be

reduced by process intensification, by integrating process steps, and by

achieving intelligent combinations of materials and energy. New materials and

manufacturing technologies also improve energy efficiency. Thus, scientists in

the KIT experimental center of the world’s largest microwave process plant,

HEPHAISTOS, are developing new ways of producing carbon fiber-reinforced

lightweight composite structures for vehicle and aircraft construction.

Optimized Process Technology

Energy-optimized Buildings

• Topic 4 - Efficient Energy Use

Fusion Technology: Fusión del núcleo!

• Topic 5 - Fusion Technology

Safety of Nuclear Reactors

Nuclear Waste Disposal Radiation Protection

• Topic 6 - Nuclear Energy and Safety

Energy Systems and Interactions

• Topic 7 - Energy Systems Analysis

KIT Energy Center

With its 1250 employees is one of the largest energy research centers in Europe.http://www.energy.kit.edu/index.php

•

• Nanoscale and Microscale Fabrication

• Electronic Properties

• Molecular Building Blocks

• Nanoscale Materials

KIT NanoMicro Center

http://www.nanomikro.kit.edu/english/index.php

•

KIT

Karlsruhe

martes, 3 de marzo de 2015 12:46

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• Systems

• Photonics

• Nanobiology

• Nanocharacterization

•

• Topic I: Modelling and Simulation

• Topic II: Photonic Materials and Devices• Topic III: Advanced Spectroscopy

• Topic IV: Biomedical Photonics

• Topic V: Optical Systems

• Topic VI: Solar Energy

• Topic VII: Optical Signal and Image Processing

• Topic VIII: X-ray Optics

KIT Optics and Photonics Focus

http://www.kit.edu/research/7033.php

Our research interests lie in the area of chemical reaction engineering, in particular in

experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations of heterogeneous (gas/liquid/solid)

reaction systems for the synthesis of chemical and materials, the reduction of pollutant

emissions and energy conversion. The work focuses on bridging the gap between surface

science and heterogeneous catalysis as well as on understanding the interactions between

chemical reactions and transport phenomena in chemical reactors and combustion systems.

This approach is based on modern experimental investigations of the elementary processes

in the gas phase and on the solid surface and further on measurements of the behavior of

the entire reactor. The research also focuses on the development and application of

computational tools for the numerical simulation of chemically reacting flows in laboratory

experiments and in technical reactors under industrial conditions.

High-temperature catalysisSynthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation of methanePartial oxidation of light alkanes to olefinsFormation of oxygenates by partial oxidation of alkanesConversion of ethanol to hydrogenConversion of gasoline and diesel to hydrogenConversion of kerosene to hydrogenDry reforming of methane

Control of pollutant emissionsThree-way catalytic converterLean NOx trapDiesel oxidation catalysts

 

Chemische Technik•

Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie•

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Aging of automotive catalystsUrea-SCR catalysts

Multi-functional conversion of chemicals and energy

Combustion

Optical diagnostics in combustionCatalytic combustion research for gas turbine applicationCatalytic radiant burner with energy recuperation

Materials synthesisCarbon nanotubesPyrolytic carbonMaterials World Network: Carbon-carbon composites

Solid oxide fuel and solid oxide electrolysis cellsModeling direct internal reforming in anode-supported cellsModeling transients in SOFC stacks

 

Multi-phase flowScale-resolving simulation of reactive two-phase flows inmonolith and solid foam reactors

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in Taylor flowTurbulence modeling of bubbly two-phase flows

Computational toolsDetailed Chemistry models in CFD with DETCHEM

Multi-Phase Flow with TURBIT-VOF

Monte-Carlo-simulation of catalytic reactions with MoCKaOptimization of reactive systems

Reaction mechanisms

Catalytic conversion over platinumCatalytic conversion over rhodiumCatalytic conversion over nickel

Laboratories and EquipmentExhaust-Gas Center (Abgaszentrum)

KarlsruheCatalysis at High Temperature Laser Environment (CATHLEN)Optical DiagnosticsHigh-temperature catalysis reactors (CPOX-I, -II, -III)Stagnation Flow ReactorMicroscopyAnalyticsComputer cluster

From <http://www.itcp.kit.edu/deutschmann/288.php> 

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Research areas

Polymeric materials

CombinationsCharacterisation methods

FT-Rheology

FT-Rheology of emulsions

Low-field-NMR and SEC

WasserentsalzungRubber Heat Engine

Entropie wheel hauls car

Osmose Motor

Polymeric materials

Polymeric materials possess a high technical importance. The industrial production output ofpolymers surpasses in volume the production of steel since 1990. The mechanical properties

of polymeric materials, e.g. the viscosity, are basic parameters for processing andapplication properties of polymeric materials. The basic method for determination ofmechanical properties is rheology using oscillating excitation. This method is the

foundation of many research areas of the group of Prof. Wilhelm.

Overview research strands

The group’s research activities may be divided into three main research strands: Complexpolymeric materials and their characterization, Method development in Rheology,especially Fourier transformation Rheology (FT-Rheology) and general non-linear rheologicalphenomena and the development of new methods or methods combinations. In thefollowing pages, you can find short descriptions of the three main research strands and ofsingle projects of particular interest.

From <http://www.itcp.kit.edu/wilhelm/english/research.php> 

Polymere Materialien•

Chemische Technik und Katalyse•

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Our Research focuses on the development of new catalysts within

biomass conversion, fine chemistry and exhaust gas catalysis. Morethan 60% of all chemical processes are based on catalytic processesamong which heterogeneous catalysts play and will play the mainrole in bulk chemicals, also during the present change from fossile torenewable energies. Thereby three subject are of paramount

importance:

(I) Design: synthesis of new nanomaterials(II) Test & process: efficient catalyst testing(III) Understanding: fundamental understanding using physico-chemical analysis and in situ spectroscopy.

This combined approach is used for a rational design andimprovement of catalytic processes.

The Catalyst and Nanomaterial Preparation

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Nanomaterials: New preparation Techniques and HighThroughput Testing

Novel preparation methods to new nanomaterials, efficient catalytictests and proper catalyst characterization are our basis for the designof new catalysts. Presently applied synthesis strategies are: flamesynthesis, preparation of size-controlled particles, hydrothermal

synthesis and porous materials including metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).

The Target Reactions

Green Chemistry for Fine Chemicals: Use of Carbon Dioxide asSolvent and Reactant

Supercritical fluids offer intesting properties for reaction design:tunability of density, gas-like transport properties and more liquid-like solvent properties. Carbon dioxide is particularly intesting since

the pressure and temperature required are moderate (Tc=31°C, pC=73.75 bar). Both hydrogenation and oxidation reactions are ofinterest. Moreover, the use of carbon dioxide as a safer and cheaperC1-building block than carbon monoxide or phosgene is a greatchalenge in "green chemistry". Here, carbon dioxide can act both asreactant and solvent and thus leads to a solvent-less process.

Biomass Conversion

Biomass is the presently the only renewable carbon source and istherefore important for the future to produce fuels and organic key

chemicals. We focus on the conversion of biomass platformmolecules, e.g. fructose/glucose or glycerol as well as upgrading ofpyrolysis oil. Important reactions are dehydration, hydrogenation andin general deoxygenation reactions. Efficient catalyst screeningtogether with rational design of alloy catalysts and reactionengineering aspects appear important to tackle this subject.

Environmental Catalysis

More stringent laws for exhaust gases require the development of anew and better generation of exhaust gas catalysts. For example:The new generation of lean-burn engines, which offer the possibility

for lower fuel consumption, the classical 3-way catalyst cannot beapplied (NOx is not removed effectively). A new catalyst concept isneeded. One possibility is the class of NOx-storage catalysts. Itstores NOx under the usual lean fuel conditions, but can be rapidlyregenerated during a puls of fuel-rich conditions. We are presentlybuilding up an exhaust gas catalysis centre with Prof. OlafDeutschmann and Prof. Sven Kureti.

The Fundamental Understanding

 

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In Situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts

X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Ramanand IR spectroscopy and are - among other techniques - versatileand powerful tools for the investigation of heterogeneous catalystsunder reaction conditions. The techniques can be applied in gaseousphase but also in liquid phase and at high pressure.

Opportunities of X-ray absorption spectroscopy

A traditionally strong focus is laid in our group on X-ray absorptionspectroscopy. The advantage: amorphous and crystalline materialscan be investigated. The present focus is on the following topicsTomographyTime resolved studies in the second scaleCombination of EXAFS with other spectroscopic techniquesOperando studies in gas phase, liquid phase and elevated pressure.Research Intiatives

Several Research Initiatives have recently been established with thirdparty funding. They will be described here in very near future (inpreparation).

Materials in Action (Mat-Act, BMBF)Operando studies on a microscale (Micro, BMBF)Energy-related catalysis (Helmholtzkolleg)Catalysis for sustainable energies (CASE, DTU)Exploring new catalytic reactions in supercritical carbondioxide as innovative and non-flammable reaction medium(FTP)

Preparation of nanparticles for catalysis by flame spraypyrolysis and hydrothermal synthesis (DSF)

From <http://www.itcp.kit.edu/grunwaldt/26.php> 

• Präparative Makromolekulare Chemie

Advanced Synthetic Tools

Kinetics and Mechanism

Hybrid Material Design

Polymer Characterization

From <http://www.macroarc.de/research/macroarc-research2_pop.html> 

Prof. Dr. C. Heske

Die Forschungsschwerpunkte der Arbeitsgruppe liegen in der Entwicklung und

Anwendung moderner Spektroskopie-Methoden (mit weichen und harten

Röntgenstrahlen) zur Charakterisierung der elektronischen und chemischen

Eigenschaften von Materialien zur Energieumwandlung (z.B. Dünnschichtsolarzellen,

Materialien zur photoelektrochemischen Wasserspaltung, Brennstoffzellen,

Angewandte Spektroskopie•

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Wasserstoffspeicher, und Kernbrennstoff). Die Gruppe verwendet eine Kombination

von Synchrotronstrahlungs- und Labormethoden zur Untersuchung von Ober- und

Grenzflächen und kollaboriert dazu weltweit mit einer Vielzahl von Partnern. Prof.

Heske ist auch ein Direktor der ANKA Synchrotron-Facility

und des Instituts für Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS)

am KIT Campus Nord, sowie Professor am Chemie-Department der University of

Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV

).

From <http://www.itcp.kit.edu/> 

http://www.anka.kit.edu/

ANKA

 

ANKA is the Synchrotron Radiation Facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT).

With the opening of ANKA in March 2003, Karlsruhe joined the exclusive club of some 50cities worldwide that maintain and develop their own synchrotron light source for the benefit

of an international user community. As a large scale facility of the Helmholtz Association ofNational Research Centers ANKA is part of the national and European infrastructure offeredto scientific and commercial users for performing excellent science and relevanttechnological development.ANKA provides an unique combination of beamlines and labs for specific sciencefields

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Research Fields:

Life science

• X-ray imaging, UV-CD, IR/THz spectroscopy and microscopy, and

BIO-Lab at ANKA, and access to the European Zebrafish ResourceCenter (EZRC) at KIT

• 4D in-vivo imaging of organisms, hierarchical and correlatedimaging of organisms, tissues, cells and scaffolds-> Phenotype atlases for genetics, biofilms, nanotoxicology, tissueengineering, zoology (insects)

Actinide Research

• Dedicated beamline (2-60 keV) & labs at KIT and (European)

Institute for Transuranium Elements-> Nuclear waste disposal: reduction of radiotoxicity, radionuclideimmobilization, actinide (geo)chemistry

Environmental Research

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Environmental Geochemistry and Microbiology:Distribution and speciation of key elements like S, Cr, Se, As, Sb, W,Tl, Pb in e.g. mine wastes, airborne particles, water, food chain andbiological tissue; strategic resources, pollutant retention strategies-> Synchrotron environmental laboratory: dedicated multi-method X-ray beamline (2-20 keV, variable beam focus), IR-

microscope station

Nanosciences and Microtechnologies

Joint user operation of ANKA & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility

(KNMF)In-situ growth, processing & characterization:NANO-Labs, UHV analytics lab and heavy duty diffractometers atANKA

•

• Labs for laboratory analytics and micro-structuring techniques atKNMF

Materials Research and Catalysis

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In-situ and operando characterization• Scattering, spectroscopy, Materials for Energy Lab, Catalysis Lab atANKA and Catalysis Center at KIT-> Materials for Energy: batteries, OLEDs, photovoltaics,photoelectrochemistry-> Catalysis: exhaust gas after treatment, energy relatedapplications (synthetic and bio-fuels, energy storage materials,methane oxidation etc.)-> Materials for Transportation: properties of lightweight materialsunder load

Applied Science & Transfer to Economy

• Measuring and testing services-> In-situ process characterization (sputtering, laser processing,micro fluidics, hard coatings)-> Defect recognition, failure analysis

• LIGA micro fabrication

• X-ray imaging optics detectors, methods-> Homeland security, non-destructive testing, medicalapplications

Developments:

Component development

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• 2D Detectors: high-resolution cameras, high-Z sensors, single-photon counting pixelarray detectors

• X-ray optics: condensers, CRLs, gratings, Bragg magnifiers

• Accelerator technology: low-a mode, SC-IDs, ultra-short bunches, beam diagnostics

Instrumentation highlights

• Actinide Research:

at up to 1e6 x the radioactive exemption limits

• Lithography:LIGA technology developed at KIT, certified by ISO9001:2008, highest aspect ratioworldwide (Wallrabe et al.,Comprehensive Microsystems Vol.1, Elsevier, 2008)

• IMAGE:UFO: ultrafast computed tomography, BIO-MIC: in-UHV cryo microscope (5-11 keV),MIQA (2016): hard X-ray microscope (20-50 keV)

• NANO:

Fully equipped for in-situ growth studies (PLD, MBE, MOVPE, sputter deposition, laserprocessing …)

• X-SPEC (2016):soft and hard (90 eV - 15 keV) X-ray and electron spectroscopy, in-situ and operando

studies

From <http://www.anka.kit.edu/28.php> 

○ Optimierung der Verbrennungsvorgänge in Stückholzfeurungsanlagen mittels sensorischer

und katalytischer Methoden

Optimización de los procesos de combustión en Stückholzfeurungsanlagen por métodos

sensoriales y catalíticos

http://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/forschung/institut-fuer-angewandte-

• Intelligente Mess-Systeme und Sensortechnologien

Sistemas inteligentes de medidas y tecnología de sensores

Hochschule Karlsruhe – Technik und Wirtschaft

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forschung/projekte/intelligente-mess-systeme-und-sensortechnologien/feinstaub.html

○ Modellgestützte Entwurfs- und Realisierungsmuster für Signalverarbeitende eingebettete

Systeme MERSES

•

○ Projekt Sichtbeton - Integration der Erkenntnisse zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen Schalhaut,

Trennmittel und Betonoberfläche in die Prozesskette beim SichtbetonIntegración de los resultados de las interacciones entre el encofrado, agentes de liberación

y superficie de concreto en la cadena de procesos en el hormigón

○ Projekt Eisbrei - Entwicklung eines energetisch und wirtschaftlich optimierten Verfahrens

zur Herstellung des Kälteträgers Eisbrei

Desarrollo de un método energéticamente y económicamente optimizado para la

preparación del lodo de refrigerante

○ Projekt Technologietransfer in der Antike - Untersuchung antiker hydraulischer Mörtel mit

analytischen und numerischen Methoden aus der modernen Baustoffforschung -

Teilvorhaben Baustoffforschung

Proyecto de transferencia de tecnología en la antigüedad - investigación de la antigua

mortero hidráulico con métodos analíticos y numéricos de la moderna investigación de

materiales de construcción - Materiales de construcción parte de investigación

○ Projekt EnEff Stadt – Fortf ührung der messtechnischen Begleitung des Projekts „Integrales

Quartiers-Energiekonzept Karlsruhe-Rintheim“ im Auftrag des E.ON Energy Research Center

der RWTH Aachen

Ciudad Proyecto EnEff - continuación de la supervisión metrológica del proyecto "Integral

concepto de cuartos de energía Karlsruhe-Rintheim" en nombre del Centro de Investigación

E.ON Energía de la RWTH Aachen

○ Projekt E-MonAut - Energieeinsparung im Gebäudebestand durch übergreifende

Monitoring- und Automatisierungskonzepte

Proyecto E-Monaut - Ahorro de energía en los edificios existentes a través de conceptos de

control y automatización integrales

○ Projekt KoBau - Bedarf und Angebot ganzheitlich kostenoptimierter Bauwerke. Strategien,Ansätze und Werkzeuge zur Stärkung der mittelständischen Bauwirtschaft

Proyecto Kobau - estructuras de coste óptimo holísticos de oferta y demanda. Estrategias,

enfoques y herramientas para fortalecer la industria de la construcción de las PYME

Bau-, Umwelt- und Verfahrenstechnik

Ingeniería mecánica, mediomabiental y de procesos

http://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/forschung/institut-fuer-angewandte-forschung/projekte/bau-

umwelt-und-verfahrenstechnik.html

Development of sensor

materials for field analysis

applications

Flue gas In-situ sensorics and

control of fire-wood-fueled

fireplaces

Development of Vacuum

Insulation Panels (2 cm VIP is

equivalent to 20 cm EPS)

Soil moisture monitoring

and control

Self organizing

microcontroller networks

Hybrid integrated capacitive

humidity sensors

Institute of Sensor- and Information Systems

http://www.eit.hs-karlsruhe.de/st/isis/

•

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Sensor SystemSoftware Engineering

From <http://www.eit.hs-karlsruhe.de/st/isis/>