research process

RESEARCH PROCESS

Presented by: Cherry Goyal

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RESEARCH

Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge.

Research Process

• A Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps.

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• to produce new knowledge, or to offer a new manner of understanding present knowledge

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The Research Process

METHODS OF RESEARCH

1. The Scientific Method

This method involves techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring knowledge correcting and integrating previous knowledge

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METHODS OF RESEARCH CONT…

2. Historical Method

It involves techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history

This approach may also be used with artistic project development

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RESEARCH SOURCES

Research Sources are mainly of two types –

1. Primary Research –

It includes collection of data not previously existent Examples are Interviews ,Surveys ,Speeches or

performances

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RESEARCH SOURCES CONT…

2. Secondary Research –

It includes summary, collation Examples are Books, Journals and

magazines,Electronics Database – library, Internet - primarily .org, .edu, .gov

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It is beneficial for one who is preparing himself for a career of carrying out research.

We can use the knowledge of research methodology as it is helpful in various fields such as government or business administration, community development and social work where persons are increasingly called upon to evaluate and use research results for action.

When one knows how research is done, then one may have the satisfaction of acquiring a new intellectual tool which can become a way of looking at the world.

The Research Process Establish the Need for Research

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A research journey there are two important decisions to make-

1) What you want to find out about

or what research questions you want to find answers to;

2) How to go about finding their answers.

There are practical steps through which you must pass in your research journey in order to find answers to your research questions.

The path to finding answers to your research questions constitutes research methodology.

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RESEARCH PROCESSING….

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Asking the Research Question

Formulating theHypotheses

Evaluating the

Hypotheses

Analyzing Data

Develop a research design

Contribute new evidence to literature and begin again

THEORY

Collecting Data

Examine a social relationship, study the relevant literature

Step One: Define the Problem


• The research process begins with the recognition of a problem or opportunity.

• At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, i.e to decide area of interest.

• There are two steps involved in research process : Understanding the problem thoroughly And rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an

analytical point of view The best way of understanding the problem is to discuss

it with one’s own colleagues or with those having the same expertise in the matter.

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STEP2:EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY

It is necessary for the researcher to conduct an extensive survey connected with the problem.

For this purpose –ManualsCompany Recordsjournals ,published data can be used.

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The Research Process Cont…

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Step two Cont… -Literature review is integral part of entire research

process and makes valuable contribution to every operational step. -Reviewing literature can be time-consuming, daunting

and frustrating, but is also rewarding. Its functions are: a. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem; b. Improve your methodology; c. Broaden your knowledge; d. Contextualise your findings.

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Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your study.They inform a reader what you want to attain through the study.It is extremely important to word them clearly and specifically.Objectives should be listed under two headings:a) main objectives ( aims);b) sub-objectives.• The main objective is an overall statement of the thrust of your study.It is also a statement of the main associations and relationships that you seek to discover or establish.

Step Three: Formulation the objective

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Step Four: Determine Research Design

Research Design step involves the development of a research plan for carrying out the study.

– There are a number of alternative research designs. The choice will largely depend on the research purpose.

Types Of Research Design

Exploratory

Descriptive

Causal


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DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Descriptive Studies are undertaken in organizations to learn and describe the characteristics of a group of employees, as for example, the age, education level, job status, and length of service.

Explortory studies are study of collection of data in informal manner and unstructured

Casual Study

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A causal study Is an inquiry to know the cause of one or more problems.

RESEARCH DESIGN CONT…

Research Design -

SAMPLE STUDY POPULATION SIZE SAMPLE SIZE DATA COLLECTION The various tools of empowerment were identified

through

questionnaire and interview.

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RESEARCH PROCESS CONT…

Step 5: Collecting The Data

Published data are available in: Publications of central, state and local newspapers Publication of foreign government or of international bodies Technical or trade journals Books, magazines and newspaper and Internet Public record and statistics, historical documents and source

s of public information.

Methods of Data Collection Personal Interview Questionnaire Telephonic Interview 20

THE RESEARCH PROCESS CONT…

Step6:Analysis Of Data The Analyses of data can of two types: Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis

Thus analysis of data require a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the application of these categories into raw data through tabulation, chart and then draw inferences. Analysis work is based on the computation of various percentage, coefficient etc

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STEP 7: ANALYZE AND EVALUATE THE INFORMATION

1. Relate the information you have found and compiled, and your ideas from reading and

thinking about the information, to your topic.2. Analyze your notes.3.Break down your notes into topic themes or

categories decide how these themes or categories relate to your topic and discard notes that do not relate to your thesis

4. Look for holes in your thesis statement support and go back to find information you are missing

5. Do you have enough information to complete your research? If not, you may have to repeat several of the previous steps and/or extend the research process 22

Step9:Analysis And Interpretations Analysis and Interpretation are the central steps in the research

process. The goal of analysis is to summaries the collected data in such a way that they provide answer to questions that triggered while research. Interpretation is the research for border, meaning of research finding

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Step 8: Execution of project

• Execution of the project is a very important step in the research process.

• If the execution of the project proceeds on correct lines, the data to be collected would be adequate and dependable.

• The researcher should see that the project is executed in a systematic manner and in time.

• If the data should be made for proper coded.• A careful watch and in order to keep the survey as much

realistic as possible.• Accuracy is very necessary.

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THE MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS CONT…

Step 10: Prepare & Present the Final Research Report

Findings are presented often by research ,objective should be in clear and concise way

It is a report that communicates properly and result to clients

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CONCLUSION

Good quality research requires a researcher to follow scientific approach. Researcher must follow scientific method in conducting literature review, identifying research gaps, writing problem statement & outlining research questions and research objectives. Researcher must carefully select among different research designs, the selection of which depends on specific research questions and the overall objectives of the study. Decisions like choosing among data collection methods and sampling techniques require researcher to exercise logical reasoning..

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REFRENCES Dawson, Catherine, 2002, Practical Research Methods,

New Delhi, UBS Kothari, C.R.,1985, Research Methodology-Methods and

Techniques, New Kumar, Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology

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research process

Education