research proposal - ina

7/28/2019 Research Proposal - InA

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The education field is one field which undergoes multiple changes, parallel with the

globalization era changes. In this time, the Ministry of Education had done a lot of

changes to ensure our generations credibility to be the same as those outside our

borders. For example, the subjects Science and Mathematics were previously taught in

Bahasa Melayu, but not anymore, they are both now taught in English. This shows a

positive change for our nations development.

Therefore, many other teaching techniques need to be thought of and invented so that

the educators will be able to choose the utmost suitable approach for their respective

teaching and learning process. Taking the subject Visual Art Education as an example,

the teaching and learning process requires the educator to have the ability to

manipulate material, object and the content of the subject so that it will appeal to the

students interest(Badrul Isa, 2006). The Visual Art Education line of educators should

be able to be more creative and innovative in order to make students interested in that

particular subject.

In the education system in Malaysia, Visual Arts Education is a subject that must be

learned by students in lower secondary school level, which forms one to three.

Meanwhile, the upper secondary school students; form 4 and 5, Visual Art Education

subjects are elective subjects. In the Visual Art Education subjects, students will be

taught the theory and make the activities of art.

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1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

This research is meant to investigate the factors affecting student motivation to learning

Visual Art Education. This is because the students show low of motivation to learning

Visual Art Education. It was found that attitudes towards various art forms are

established in students as early as the first grade, with boys being less interested and

perceiving themselves as less skills, (Rena Upitis, Katherine Smithrim, Ann Pateson,

Margaret Meban,2001). This problem should be studied so that students do not

underestimate the subject. Typically, students in the class really only be interested in

bringing the materials of art to create art activities. This clearly shows that students with

low motivation to study this subject. Therefore, the researcher wants to study the factors

that cause students interested in learning about this subject. Motivation is something

that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; it gets students moving, points them in a

particular direction, and keeps them going. Students motivation reflected in personal

investment and in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement in school activities(Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004; Maehr & Meyer, 2004; Reeve, 2006).

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY3


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The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting student motivation to

learning Visual Art Education of Form 1 Student in SMK Serendah, Selangor. This is

because most students in secondary schools showed less interest in the subject of

visual arts education. It was found that attitudes towards various art forms are

established in students as early as the first grade, with boys being less interested and

perceiving themselves as less skills, (Rena Upitis, Katherine Smithrim, Ann Pateson,

Margaret Meban,2001). This study was also made to investigate the attitudes of

students when studying the subject, whether they are interested or not. Teaching and

learning in the classroom are usually influenced by the motivation and attitudes of

students themselves. This is because not all students who attend the school to give

their full commitment to teaching and learning in the classroom. Sometimes these

students attend school only because they want to meet the needs of the family, meet

friends, and others. Motivation has several effects on students learning and behavior.

Motivation determines the specific goals toward which learners strive (Maehr & Meyer,

1997; Pintrich et al., 1993). The studies also wish to review the factors that cause

students less interested in visual arts education to learn the subject.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

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The purpose of this research is to identify factors affecting student motivation to learning

Visual Art Education of Form 1 Student in SMK Serendah, Selangor.

In detailed, this research is carried out to fulfill several objectives:

i. To indentify factors affecting student motivation to learning Visual

Art Education.

ii. To investigate student attitude towards learning Visual Art

Education.

iii. To investigate student attitude towards learning Visual Art

Education.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

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A few questions will be raised in this research:

i. What factors those contribute towards students motivation

to learning Visual Art Education?

ii. What are student attitude toward learning Visual Art

Education?

iii. Does the motivation have any impact on student

achievement toward learning Visual Art Education?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

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This study is intended to ensure that students are interested and motivated to learn the

subject of Visual Art Education. It is because motivation plays an important role in

student learning and achievement. Hence, it seeks to nurture students' interest on a

particular subject. In addition, this study hopes to change their attitude towards this

subject and would be beneficial to the general secondary school students to better

appreciate the subject of further culture and the arts in Malaysia. At secondary level,

students are exposed to ethnical costumes as well as ethnic crafts, calligraphy and

indigenous art objects, (Badrul Isa).

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

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Motivation

In public speaking motivation is defined as communicating to an internal force that

actuates a behavioral pattern, thought process, action or reaction.

( http://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-

motivation.html )

Motivation is the activation or energization of goal-orientated behavior. According to

various theories, motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain

and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a

desired object, hobby , goal , state of being, ideal , or it may be attributed to less-apparent

reasons such as altruism , selfishness , morality , or avoiding mortality . Motivation is

related to, but distinct from, emotion .

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation )

Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation would include circumstances, situations, rewards or punishment,

both tangible and intangible that participation in results in an external benefit.

( http://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-

motivation.html )

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation )8
http://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(goal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_selfishnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivationhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivationhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(goal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_selfishnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivationhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://www.speechmastery.com/definition-of-motivation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation


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Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in

the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external

pressure.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation )

Learning

Learning is the lifelong process of transforming information and experience into

knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes.

(http://www.missiontolearn.com/2009/05/definition-of-

learning/ )

Visual Art

The visual arts are art forms that create works which are primarily visual in nature,

such as ceramics , drawing , painting , sculpture ,architecture , printmaking , modern visual

arts ( photography , video , and filmmaking ), design and crafts.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts )

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivationhttp://www.missiontolearn.com/2009/05/definition-of-learning/http://www.missiontolearn.com/2009/05/definition-of-learning/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art#Art_formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramics_(art)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmmakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivationhttp://www.missiontolearn.com/2009/05/definition-of-learning/http://www.missiontolearn.com/2009/05/definition-of-learning/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art#Art_formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramics_(art)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmmakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts


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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

In this section, the study will lead to a literature review on motivation , visual art

education and thinking and learning styles.

2.1 Motivation

Motivation is a crucial component in determining students achievement. Motivation

refers to the process is instigated (Schunk, 1990). It could be extrinsically (externally) or

intrinsically enforced. Bandura (1997) studied the relationship between motivation and

goals orientation. Motivation determines the specific goals toward which learner strive

(Maehr & Meyer, 1997; Pintrich et al., 1993). Motivation is something that energizes,

directs, and sustains behaviour; it gets students moving, points them in particular

direction, and keeps them going. Virtually, all students are motivated in one way or

another.

2.2 Visual Art Education

Children are exposed to art as early as they enter pre-school at the age of six years old.

In Malaysia, pre-school education is not compulsory, though it is highly encouraged;

and parents can enroll their children either in public or private kindergartens. The focus

of pre-school education is to assist the children in socializing, providing a medium of

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transition before they enroll in primary school. The curriculum guidelines are provided to

the operators by the Ministry of Education, however, the teaching is informal with the

environment created to minimize inhibition in children and fostering creativity. Art

education in secondary level is a continuity of what had been taught in the primary level.

At secondary level, students are exposed to ethnical costumes as well as ethnic crafts,

calligraphy and indigenous art objects. Arts are the means by which students become

involved, active learners rather than passive, bored students, (Hamblen, 1997).

According to Perrin (1994) art provide students with the ability to become active and

self-motivated learners, collaborative and risk taker. Arts studies promote creativebehaviours, critical thinking and self-awareness (Hamblen, 1997), promote imagination

(Burton et. al, 2000) and develop listening and thinking skills which are essential in

problem solving and decision making (Grallert, 1991;Rabkin and Redmond, 2006).

2.3 Learning and Thinking Styles

Learning styles are various approaches or ways of learning. Learning can be

considered as a thinking sub-product, the trace which our thoughts leave (Craik &

Lockhart, 1972; Schmeck et al. , 1977). The concept `learning style refers to how people

prefer to learn (Sternberg, 1997). It supposes diverse elements that are not necessarily

opposites or extremes (Riding &Cheema, 1991). Students adapt their learning activities

to the specific task demands at hand (Entwistle & Ramsden, 1983).

They involve educating methods, particular to an individual, which are presumed to

allow that individual to learn best. It is commonly believed that most people favor some

particular method of interacting with, taking in, and processing stimuli or information .11
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information


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This is will influence how students learn, how teacher teach and how teachers and

students interact in the classroom, (Yu-ping Hsiao,1997; Witkin et. al, 1997). Style refers

to what a person `prefers to do, and how they like to do it. Styles are related to the self-

government of intelligence. They are characteristic ways of thinking, preferences about

how we utilize the aptitudes we have (Sternberg, 1993,1994, 1997); but they are not

aptitudes.

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3.0 METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting student motivation to

learning Visual Art Education of Form 1 Student in SMK Serendah, Selangor. This study

was also made to investigate the attitudes of students when studying the subject,

whether they are interested or not. The research question will be raised are:

i. What factors those contribute towards students motivation

to learning Visual Art Education?

ii. What are student attitude toward learning Visual Art

Education?

iii. Does the motivation have any impact on student

achievement toward learning Visual Art Education?

3.1 Research Design

In this study, researcher will used the quantitative research.The study conducted was a

survey research. Students from a form one at SMK Serendah will ask to participate in

the study. The form one student was selected by using the cluster sampling which is 20

percent student from each form one at SMK Serendah will be selected. Questionnaires

will administrate in the classes and will conduct by the teacher. The researcher will give

a set of questionnaires which is related with the research study. In this study,

researchers will observe the students' attitudes when studying the subject of Visual

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Arts. The researcher will list some things that involve the students attitudes and

motivation. Observations will be done through the things that have been listed first.

3.2 Research Sample

Sixty form one student from SMK Serendah will be asking to participate in the study.

Questionnaires will administrate in the class. The respondents will ask to answer all the

questions. About twenty percent of form one students from each class at SMK

Serendah will be as a sample. All the lower secondary level students are taken Visual

Art subject as their elective subject. Throughout the three years in lower secondary

level, students learn general subjects and art is offered as an elective subject, Badrul

Isa. According to Schmeck (1983) at this level, students learning process were start to

develop and it able to influence their academic performance.

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3.3 Method of Data Analysis

Research Instrument

The study will involved two main instruments for collecting data from the

respondents. The instruments are the questionnaire and observation. The first

instrument is questionnaire which is constructed by using the 5 Likert Scales

which indicates point 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 =

Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree respectively. The questionnaire contained 30 items.

The second instrument is observation. The researcher will do the observation

toward students attitudes and motivation learning Visual Art education (VAE).

For the observation, the researcher will use the paper-and-pencil observation

forms (observation schedules).

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Research Procedures

The research procedures to this research can be generally divided into six main stages

which are as follows:

Stages 1 : The researcher designed the research item which is including

questionnaires and list of observation items.

Stages 2 : The administration of the questionnaires; to determine the students

attitudes toward learning Visual Art Education (VAE), motivation and learning strategies.

Stages 3 : The researcher will collect the questionnaires

Stages 4 : Researcher will do the observation towards students attitudes and

motivation learning VAE.

Stages 5 : The researcher will do the analysis of the questionnaire and observation

items. The data will be analyzed by using the SPSS.

Data Analysis

All data obtained will be analyzed using the statistical methods found in the SPSS

software which catered to the research questions and objectives.

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References

Durbridge, N.H. & Stratfold, M.P. 2 Dec. 1996 Varying the Texture: A Study of Art, Learning and Multimedia. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 96.

Sandra S. Ruppert, February 3, 2010,Creativity, Innovation and Arts Learning Preparing AllStudents for Success in a Global Economy Director, Arts Education Partnership.

ALICE Y. KOLB and DAVID A. KOLB, 2005, Vol. 4, No. 2, 193212, Learning Styles andLearning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education.

Richard H. Hall, Harvest L. Collier, Marcie L. Thomas, Michael G. Hilgers, A Student ResponseSystem for Increasing Engagement, Motivation, and Learning in High Enrollment Lectures.

Christine Mason, Kathlyn Steedly, and Mary Thormann, Arts Integration: How Do the ArtsImpact Social, Cognitive, and Academic Skills?

Evelyn Knowles, PhD , Dennis Kerkman, PhD, Volume 2, Student Motivation, 2007 AnInvestigation of Students Attitude and Motivation toward Online Learning

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