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STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

Research & Reviews Journal of

AgriculturalScience & Technology

(RRJoAST)ISSN 2349-3682

Jan - April 2014

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology

Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology

(ISSN: 2349-3682)

?Agricultural Science

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Mr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)

Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra

DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India

Puneet Pandeya

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Aditya Sanyal

Himani Garg

Himani Pandey

Publication Management Team

Internal Members

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

School of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India.

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India.

Associate Editors

Gargi Asha Jha

Nupur Anand

Priyanka Aswal

Sona Chahal

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community

Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,

Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral

Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,

Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Dr. Savo VuckovicForage production,NemanjinaZemun-

Belgrade, Serbia.

Dr. A.K. SrivastavaNational Research Centre for Citrus ,

Nagpur Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Rokolhuii KeditsuAssistant Prof, Department of Horticulture,

School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural

Development, Nagaland University,

Medziphema Nagaland, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Madhusweta DasIIT Kharagpur,Kharagpur, WB, India.

Gamal Abdel-Nasser KhalilNasser KhalilSoil and Agricultural

Chemistry Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) Bulkily.

Vinod Kumar Suri CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP India.

Ravikant Radhakant UpasaniAgronomy Birsa Agricultural University

Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Prof. Proshanta GuhaAgricultural & Food Engineering,

IIT Kharagpur, WB, India.

Rintu BanerjeeAgricultural & Food Engineering

DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB India.

Dr. Anjum Suhail Department of Agri. Entomology

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Dr. Sohail AhmedUniversity of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

Pakistan, Pakistan.

Dr. M L KansalAssociate Professor (WRDTC), IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand India.

Dr. R KalaiyarasiUG Botany, Centre for Plant Breeding and

GeneticsTamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Marina Macukanovic JocicUniversity of BelgradeFaculty of

Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.

Professor Saket KushwahaAgricultural Economics, BHU, Banaras,

UP India.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (1)] of Research &

Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. The intension of RRJoAST is to

create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Agricultural

Science and Technology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoAST provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas of Agriculture Science and Technology found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Agricultural Science and Technology.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. An Outline of Fertilizer and Water Saving Irrigated Rice K. Vanitha, T. Parthasarathi, S. Mohandass 1

2. Eco-Friendly Management of the Viral Diseases of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) L. P. Awasthi, Samir Pratap Singh, D. Tripathi 11

3. Impact of Climate on the Development of Viral Diseases in Potato A. N. Chaubey, L. P. Awasthi, S. P. Singh 17

4. Regulation of Gene Expression by Phytochrome Darshan Panda 20

ContentsResearch & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology

RRJoAST (2014 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

An Outline of Fertilizer and Water Saving Irrigated Rice

K. Vanitha*, T. Parthasarathi, S. Mohandass

Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract As the demand of water for domestic, municipal, industrial and environmental purposes rises in the future, less water will be available for agriculture. We must therefore, find

ways to increase the productivity of water used for irrigation. This paper reviews the literature on water saving irrigated rice. It identifies the reasons for the wide gap

between water requirement and actual water input in irrigated rice production systems

and discusses opportunities for bridging the gap both on-farm and at the system level.

The potentials for water savings in rice production appear to be very large. Studies on

the economic benefits and costs of alternative interventions are also lacking. Without this

additional information, it will be difficult to identify the potential benefits and the most appropriate strategies for increasing irrigation water productivity in rice-based systems.

Keywords: Aerobic rice, drip irrigation, fertigation, submergence, water use

efficiency.

RRJoAST (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Eco-Friendly Management of the Viral Diseases of Chilli

(Capsicum annum L.)

L. P. Awasthi*, Samir Pratap Singh, D. Tripathi Department of Plant Pathology, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology,

Kumarganj, Faizabad, India

Abstract The infection and spread of viral diseases in chilli viz., mosaic mottling, distortion, leaf rolling, curling and the necrosis of apical and floral buds could be managed by

fortnightly sprays with the aqueous leaf extract of Clerodendrum aculeatum, Azadirachta

indica and filament extract of Cuscuta reflexa. The effectiveness of the botanicals was increased with increase in the number of sprays from one to six. In treated plants

symptom appearance was delayed and disease incidence was reduced. In plants, which

received six sprays with botanicals, all the growth and yield parameter viz., plant height and fruit yield were increased. Minimum disease incidence (33.66%), delayed

appearance of symptoms (83.50 days), maximum plant height (55.39 cm), days to 50 per cent flowering (87.75 days) and maximum yield (596 g/plot) were recorded with six

sprays of Clerodendrum aculeatum followed by neem leaf extract, at fortnightly intervals

since transplanting stage.

Keywords: Botanicals, management, chilli

RRJoAST (2014) 17-19 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 17

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Impact of Climate on the Development of Viral

Diseases in Potato

A. N. Chaubey, L. P. Awasthi*, S. P. Singh Department of Plant Pathology N. D. U. A. T., Kumarganj, Faizabad, (U.P.), India

Abstract Vegetables play an important role in the human diet and provide a continuous source of

income to the farmers. A numbers of viral diseases have been reported on potato crop by

several workers in the world, which produced various types of typical disease symptoms. Mosaic and leaf roll are the major viral diseases of this crop which cause huge losses in

yield as well as quality of tubers. The epidemiological factors played important role in

the development of viral diseases in potato. Observations were recorded from the first appearance of the disease. In Kufri Ashoka variety of potato first appearance of disease

was recorded in first week of December. The disease progress was slow up to fourth week of December and become rapid from first week of January. The maximum disease

intensity (85.58%) was recorded in fourth week of January. Disease was favored by

minimum temperature (6.2–7.3°C) and maximum temperature (23.7–26.0°C) along with maximum relative humidity (53.0–70.1).

Keywords: Potato, epidemiological effect, viral diseases, disease intensity

*Author for Correspondence E-mail: lpawasthi14@gmail.com

RRJoAST (2014) 20-28 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 20

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682

Volume 3, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Regulation of Gene Expression by Phytochrome

Darshan Panda* Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University Cuttack, India

Abstract This review deals with the mechanism of Phytochrome action in regulating the expression of other genes. The PhyA and PhyB genes have the overlapping roles or there must be

another Phytochrome species which are involved in the Phytochrome induction of CAB

expression in these etiolated seedlings when they are exposed to red light. Double mutation of PhyA and PhyB potentially lowered the level of CAB mRNA in etiolated

seedlings of Arabidopsis plant when they were induced by a red light pulse. This study suggested that these two genes Phy A and Phy B could be redundant to each other and

therefore, other Phytochrome genes like Phy C, Phy D and Phy E could have mediated

the expression of CAB in the etiolated seedlings of mutants. It is also clear that the supra-cellular signals could potential control the intracellular rhythmic patterns in a circadian

system which is found in most of the plant cells. The processes such as photo-

morphogenesis and nuclear gene expression are mediated either directly by this Phytochrome A/B-PIF3 complex or indirectly by modulating the repressor complex

systems such as COP, DET, FUS, HY5, etc. The location details about the gene products involved in the transduction mutants for the Phy A and Phy B pathways is not yet studied.

Keywords: Phy A, PhyB, CAB, CUF1, PIF3.