Visibility of research in digital world

S G DeshmukhABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management , Gwalior

FDP on Multivariate and Advanced Data Analysis in Marketing 27 Sep 2013

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Objectives of FDP To raise the interest of faculty in integrating various

issues into their teaching To support them by offering opportunities to learn from

others experiences To give faculty quick access to existing knowledge

base of ABV-IIITM which participant would identify as relevant

To encourage the production of new knowledge   To assist  faculty to reach their career goals,

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Acknowledgement This presentation is based on extensive information sharing sessions with Prof Abid Haleem (Jamia) ,Prof N K Sharma (IITK), Dr

Jitesh Thakkar (IITKh)

Thankful to numerous research scholars and faculty members from various institutes participating in our FDPs (more than 200) for making us realize the importance of visibility of research in current scenario

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Prelude..

You may look at some of presentations

available athttp://www.slideshare.net/SanjeevDeshmukh/presentations

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Speaking points.. About research..

Why research Imperatives & Implications

1: Shelf life2: Digitization of outcome3: Sharing & Connectivity4: Collaboration5: Open Access

Various tools for visibility Closing remarks..

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Book by Amartya Sen (2005)

We like debate, discussions and like to put in our views

Intellectual pluralism !

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IT is making world flatter !(Thanks to Friedman)

Outsourcing dominated paradigm Team work and leadership assumes new meaning Geography has become history: Time and distance are no longer

the important variables Mobile dense and multimedia rich environment has accelerated

digital environment. Connectivity has made the global village possible Working on-line, flexi-time, tele/videoconferencing, and continuous

learning are changing the traditional notions of how work gets done. Internet is changing the way we communicate with –

Source : Fridman, T L, The World is flat: Farrar, Straus & Giroux , 2005

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Observations..

Transformation taking place The way we communicate has changed.

Research is no exception to this ! Traditional ways of conducting research

and disseminating outcomes have also changed.

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What is happening today..

An increasing focus on interdisciplinary/ multidisciplinary/transdisciplinary research;

An increasing focus on problems, rather than techniques;

Greater emphasis on collaborative work and communication;

Greater emphasis on more diverse and informal

modes of communication

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“Everyone wants one, no one knows what it is, and no one knows how to get one”

Philip Altbach, Boston College, US on the “World Class University

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What makes a world class university ? Key pillars:

Teaching Knowledge Transfer Global outlook Research.

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• 92 per cent said that faculty output (publications) was a must have/nice to have

• 91 per cent said that faculty impact (citations) was a must have/nice to have

• 86 per cent said they wanted faculty/student ratios

• 84 per cent wanted income from research grants

• 79 per cent wanted peer “reputation” measure

Thomson Reuters’ stakeholder survey : Key findings:

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THE: World university ranking templatewww.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/

Sn Factor Weightage

1 International outlook 7.5 %

2 Research : Volume, Income, Reputation

30.0 %

3 Citations: Research influence 30.0 %

4 Industry Income: Innovation 2.5 %

5 Teaching: Learning environment

30.0%

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Importance of Resesrch For rise in academic hierarchy For enhancing quality of pedagogy For increase in reach For gaining acceptance in the academic

community For making some difference & impact For gaining visibility !

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Why to do research ?Sn Reason

1 Developing knowledge relevant to the strategicobjectives of the academic entity (university, Institute etc.)

2 Maintaining research competence3 Maintaining subject matter competence4 Pushing the boundaries of knowledge through path-breaking

research

5 Participating in the global knowledge system (requires the ability to operate as both a source of knowledge and a sink for knowledge)

6 Conducting contract research in return for funding7 Training researchers 15

Criteria of Good Research

Good research is systematic Good research is logical Good research is empirical Good research is replicable Good research is visible !

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Criteria of good research

Good research is systematic- structured with specified steps taken in specified sequence in accordance with well-defined rules

Good research is logical: logical reasoning makes research more meaningful in the context of decision making

Good research is empirical: dealing with concrete data that provides the basis for external validity to research results.

Good research is replicable Good research is also visible : sharing with community,

peers and the society at large

Credit: Prof N K Sharma(IITK) 18

Interesting developments

World is flat Communication is anytime, anywhere, anyone ! Sharing and collaboration Urge and desire for recognition !

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Our thinking & way of working is shaped by environment and the context within which we operate

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Digital environment

Onslaught of IT : mobile, laptop, web, electronic media ,social media

Online banking, Credit/debit card, e-commerce, PAN card, Aadhar Card, Online community

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Digital environment ?

Web 1.0 Mp3.com Britannica Online Personal website Publishing Stickiness

Web 2.0 Napster Wikipedia Blogging Participation Syndication

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Research : Previous generation and generation Y

F2F interaction with supervisor

Hard copy format Long publication cycle time Long lead time for postage Individualized environment Single sourcing 9 to 5 basis ?

F2F and online interaction

Soft copy format Shorter publication time Instantaneous posting ! Collaborative

environment Crowdsourcing 24 x 7 basis

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Today’s researcher IT savvy Spends more time online Responds positively to criticism Positively engaged with the topic Open to share and collaborate Has multiple-sources of guidance Comfortable in multi-tasking Has 24 x7 approach ?

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Today’s research

Literature review, Methodology, Analysis enabled by IT and collaborative tools

Turnaround time for Ph D has reduced Shelf life of an idea condensed Time-to-publish has drastically reduced

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Today’s supervisor

IT savvy Open to collaboration Open to experimentation Willing to network Need for visibilty

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Observations..

Developments at the global level are taking place very rapidly , thanks to IT

Unless there is serious research, it is difficult to keep track of these developments and translate these outcomes into classroom

Global integration triggered integration of academics

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Observations..

Role of the academic remains as one of critiquing, challenging, and engaging in debate. This role is as important as producing practically useful research.

What counts as knowledge will remain as contested and needs to be debated and negotiated between the profession, policy makers, practitioners and academics, while preserving the researcher’s role

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Above quote from an article by G. Small in Nature, vol. 479, page 141 Summarizes how new technologies are changing the way in which the research dialogues are being conducted:

“In an era of budget cutting, early-career scientists will have to be effective ambassadors for the profession. This might manifest in conversations with family members or with strangers sitting next to us on a plane, or it might mean posting videos on YouTube or blogging about our on going research.

The days of scientists communicating only with each other, in the languages of our individual disciplines, … are rapidly coming to an end.”

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Reading a book..

I read a book once…

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But journals are different…aren’t they?

As a researcher, you want citations, readers, impact,…

Can cite anything (relevant) blogs, tweets, presentations (SlideShare),

YouTube channels, video clips:

But the original article itself has barely changed

Visibility ?

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Remark.. “…that if you are passionate about a topic and argue your

perspective in a compelling manner, you can begin to generate a following…If people find your opinions and perspective interesting, they will do a lot of the work for you. By design, social media is a conversation. When you post information, people like, comment on, or forward your thoughts. This means that not only can you put ideas out there but you can learn a lot as well.”

Boost your career with social media: tips for the uninitiated, http://blogs.hbr.org/hmu/2011/12/boost-your-career-with-social.html

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Visibility defined..

vis·i·bil·i·ty  (vz-bl-t)n. pl. vis·i·bil·i·ties 1. The fact, state, or degree of being visible. 2. The greatest distance under given weather

conditions to which it is possible to see without instrumental assistance.

3.a. The capability of being easily observed: an executive with high visibility.

b. The capability of providing a clear, unobstructed view: a windshield with good visibility.

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Why visibility..

it is crucial to make sure that your research is visible on the internet.

If your papers are available on the Web, it is more likely that other researchers will read your papers and cite you.

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Visibility ..

You can use it to enhance your personal brand as a “Researcher”

Establish your expertise, or Demonstrate your digital fluency

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Imperative 1: Shelf life

Web enabled world: Millions of ideas getting generated, developed and disseminated

Faster publishing cycle Web enabled submission, review and

publication process Shelf life of an idea has shortened considerably

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Implications

You have to update continuously and must know the state-of-the-art

You have to innovate continuously Literature review aided by IT tools: search

engines, indexing services ! You have to be visible to the community

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Imperative 2: Digitization of research

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Search in Web of Science

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Implications

You can not afford to be invisible in the digitized world

Someone is going to measure you and make you visible !

You are constantly indexed, searched You are also under constant onslaught of new

and emerging ideas !

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Imperative 3 : Sharing & connectivity !

Sharing of information Professional networks Social networks

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Implications

Sharing of information/Knowledge made easy through IT

You must share and connect Your collaborator may be anywhere in the

globe available 24 x 7 basis Power & influence of social media as a

binder!

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Remark..

“New digital technologies are predisposing scholars to an open scholarship of content, knowledge and learning” (Katz, 2010).

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Visibility through social media

Social media are tools for social interaction using Web /mobile technologies (Wikipedia).

These technologies, often referred to as Web 2.0 , provide services that support users in generating and publishing their own content.

Social interactions developed as a result of this activity can support engagement with communities of practice through networking and other co-operative and collaborative practices.

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Researchgatewww.researchgate.net

A network for researchers One can share and

disseminate Contributions in terms of

publications, downloads, datasets etc.

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Pegrum, M., "'I link therefore I am': network literacy as a core digital literacy", E-learning and Digital Media 7(4), 346-354 2010 doi:10.2304/elea.2010.7.4.346

Measures of visibility

Number of followers Number following Downloads Citations Number of questions asked/answered

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Visible components of research outcome : Visibility generated Individual Academic & Research Output Institutional Academic & Research Output Collaborations: How many people are we collaborating? the

collaboration index. Share in local, regional, National and Global knowledge

resources Patents, prototypes, new ventures Advisory and policy making role Conferences, seminars, Research papers, books and then

organized course material Measuring this output through SCOPUS, h index, impact

factor SNIP, SJR, Google scholar, etc.

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Visible individual research output

Organized Course Materials, monographs Manuals/Edited Volume Proceedings of Invited Lectures, Seminar, Workshop,

etc. Proceedings of Conference; refereed & non-refereed Technical Reports Thesis Patents, prototypes Audio & Audio-Video Materials

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Visible institutional research output

Research papers in refereed journals Research papers in non-refereed journals Open access publications Institutional journal publications National / International Journals Research Books Seminar; National, International Workshops / Training programs Conferences; National, International Patents filed and received Industry projects undertaken

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Imperative 4:Collaboration

Institutional collaboration Focusing on core strengths No duplication of facilities Synergy of expertise

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Implications

Sharing of resources through collaboration Learning to work in a team based

approach Opportunity for joint visibility Comfortable in interdisciplinary work Project management approach

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Interesting figures.. About 25,000 peer-reviewed journals are published

worldwide, in all disciplines and all languages

http://www.ulrichsweb.com/ulrichsweb/

They publish about 2.5 million articles per year

Most universities and research institutions can only afford to subscribe to a fraction of those journals .

http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/arlbin/arl.cgi?task=setupstats That means that all those articles are accessible to onlyfraction of their potential userswhich means that research is having only a fraction of its potential usage and visibility !

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Observation..

Research is achieving only a fraction of its potential productivity and progress.

Research that is freely accessible on the web has 25% - 250% greater research impact

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Imperative 5: Open access

Open access improves educational experience Open access democratizes access to research Open access advances research Open access improves visibility and impact of

scholarship !

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Why open access?• Authors and institutions• Visibility; increased communication;

international exposure and peer-recognition• Cost of publishing and use – affordability?• Readers : Accessibility, affordability• Good Publishers getting converted into OA

• Oxford University Press – Oxford Open Journal of Nucleic Acids, Journal of Botany

• Springer – Open Choice • Blackwell – Online Open• Elsevier – hybrid model for six Physics Journals

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Implications Pentabytes of data circulating the web Information needed fast Information flows freely Researchers “networked” socially New tools and new metrics of citations Directory of open access journals www.doaj.org Example: International J of Management &

Strategy

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How Emerald measures visibility *?

Citations/Usage Inclusion of research in courseware/

Training material Implementation in Practice Transformation of Research for new

audience Awards

*Source http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/impact/index.htm

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Altmetrics : a tool for visibility !

altmetrics is the creation and study of new metrics based on the Social Web for analyzing, and informing scholarship. www.altmetrics.org

Supplement to traditional peer-reviewed metricsLooks at downloads “Crowdsource peer-review”Many tools currently available:

Google Scholar Profile/citations Mendeley Total-Impact ReaderMeter

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Visibility through..

Crete a web site Post your papers thru social networking

sites such as academia.edu, resesrchgate.com

Use archiving services such as ArXiv or Citeseer (according to the copyright policy)

Publish in open access journals

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Tools for visibility.. Formal dialogues : skype, Elluminate Informal interactions: google chats, facebook Documentation: Dropbox, google drive , Mendeley,

Zetero Space for reflection: 750words.com, blogs Engaging with community: researchgate,

academia, LinkedIn Keeping informed about conferences/developments

: RSS feeds, podcasts, webinar

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Visibility..

Visibility generated Visibility generated by yourself through various

tools Visibility earned

Visibility earned by you from the external sources

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Visibilty generated…

Blog for researchers Communication and collaboration tools for

researchers Facebook for researchers

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Visibilty generated.. Google Scholar for researchers iTunesU for researchers LinkedIn for researchers Mendeley for researchers RSS feed for researchers Skype for researchers SlideShare for researchers YouTube for researchers

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Visibility generated for institution/university Research profile of institute/university Affiliation with other researchers of the

institute/university Established repository of knowledge and

systemic procedure embedded in the institute

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Visibilty generated through scholarly resources

E-journals Reviews Pre-prints and working papers Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and annotated content Data Blogs Discussion forums

http://www.arl.org/sc/models/models-pubs/search-form.shtml

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Researcher and social media Researchers have always exchanged, shared and

disseminated information through various media: brain storming sessions, conferences, workshops, symposiums, doctoral consortia etc,

-Researchers have always built a network of peers, friends, seniors

Range of social media tools to facilitate and support existing behaviours and practices – easy and free to use, user friendly !

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Why use social media? ..1.. Help to build your research profile – ‘showcase’ yourself

and your work thus facilitating visibility Allows to build network, Help to explore and leverage research

opportunities ,Help to get early feedback Facilitate your online visibility

Enhances research - according to CIBER (2010) Disseminating findings, Identifying Research Opportunities Finding collaborators

“Social media presents some opportunities for better, faster research and dissemination” (CIBER 2010)

CIBER. 2010. Social media and research workflow? http://www.ucl.ac.uk/infostudies/research/ciber/Charleston-2010.pdf

Brabazon, T. 2010. A community of scholars. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=413384

Cann et al. 2011. Social Media: a guide for researchers. http://ht.ly/3TWiR 68

Why use social media? ..2.. The connection with:

Other researchers and Ph D students, both internal and external

Research communityExperts IndustrySociety

Growing need to communicate research findings to public – these tools make it easier

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Why use social media? ..3.. May save time – use it to harvest the ‘wisdom of crowds’ and find

resources through your network It can help overcome the syndrome of “isolation of doing research” Engages you with a community that cares about what you care

about and in turn share with them

“We don’t have a choice on whether we do social media, the question is how well we do it”. – 

Erik Qualman

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How to do it:Your digital identity

Have an identity for ‘online presence’ or ‘digital footprint’. This is your Aadhar Card ! Institutional – e.g. information on institute/university

webpages (www.iiitm.ac.in) Professional – e.g. LinkedIn profile, Academia ReserarchGate Social media - e.g. Facebook, Twitter Slideshare , Authorstream

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Digital Identity A hypothetical example Dr TechnoWatch Joined xxx in 1995;, a huge multinational. Technowatch Community (Leader since 2000 focusing on emerging trends,

technologies, and business issues. Current Title: Principal Resesrch Consultant - Social Insights, Corporate Market

Insights My Identity

Profile = LinkedIn Community =TechnoWatch Blogs : Typepad = hhh ; Tumblr = pppp Twitter ID = Technowatch Facebook = pppzzz Scopus Author Code : 17181009 72

Example: Blogs Blogs are a great way to share informationTest your ideas out with a wide audienceLearn from othersForm new relationshipsBuild / manage your online personal brandExample : http://vogtsresearchmethods.blogspot.in/

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Some digital platforms..1.

1. IAMSCIENTIST The crowdfunding platform iAMscientist is essentially a Kickstarter for research projects. Donors to proposed projects typically receive tokens of gratitude like signed books or patent options, though members must first be invited and are usually from science, engineering and medicine backgrounds. It’s free to use, though like Kickstarter, a percentage-based fee is applied to successfully funded projects.

2. EPERNICUSProfessional social network Epernicus allows research scientists to create profiles and connect with past and present colleagues. More importantly, the site allows researchers to locate others who possess the skills and expertise required for current projects. Members can label their assets, materials and methods, labeling their competency level in each, and questions can be posted on the site’s discussion board, BenchQ.

 

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Some digital platforms..2..3. MENDELEY

An academic social network and reference management tool, Mendeley also provides researchers with a desktop application for managing citations and PDF files. Many of the site’s members are doctoral students working on long-term group projects, though the site is open to all researchers. The site’s primary goal is to provide free and open source material to academic researchers.

4 ZOTEROZotero assists researchers in more easily evaluating sources. The tool offers oa variety of interactive and tagging features that work on both personal and community levels. Among its features are open source reference management software that assists in the management of bibliographic data and other materials. In Zotero Groups, you can share work or sources, collaborate publicly or privately n ongoing projects and find other

researchers with similar interests.

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Google Scholar: friend

Available free Can search in the same way as Google. Searches for scholarly information including journal

articles. Adequate coverage. Links to other articles that have cited that article.

Google Scholar: foe

Results ranking unclear. No list of journals covered. Does not index all records from databases. Includes non-academic sources such as blogs. May not always get the full text.

Google ScholarA searcher at the initial stages of research who is unwilling to search multiple databases or do not have sophisticated tools is likely to achieve better results by using Google Scholar.

Use Google Scholar in conjunction with other academic search tools at your disposal

Visibility earned : research impact

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Visibility earned: Quality of Research based on Citation Report : Scopus /web of science

Total citations: 127 Average

citations/year :10.58 H-Index: 18

Authors Title Journal Total citation Average Citations Per year

Suresh Pvs, Rao PV, Deshmukh SG

A Genetic Algorithmic Approach for Optimization of Surface Roughness Prediction Model

International Journal Of Machine Tools & Manufacture   42(6), 675-680, 2002

127 10.58

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Visibility earned.. During first six months Over 420 full text article requests Over 320 full pages viewed by over 60 different visitors to the website Visitors were from 12 different countries

After three years 500-600 visitors per month 1500- 1700 downloads per month

Visitors from 25 countries, with the US accounting for 20% of traffic. Citations are up , Over 290 members on LinkedIn,

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Visibility earned with industry

Transfer of knowhow from you to industry Translating the needs of industry Establishing a dialogue with industry Sharing of research outcomes Building case studies

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Visibility earned with society Relevance of your research to society Synchronization with the societal view ?

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Impact of research

Academic impact Economic and societal impact Conceptual Capacity building

Measures of visibility required

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Issues for considerations..

1. How research and its visibility are evaluated today will not be the same in five years time.

2. What are good indicators of visibilty? What can we measure? What should we be measuring?

3. How should we be measuring them? What do they mean?

4. Measurements in future will allow for greater granularity.

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Closing remarks..

There are various imperatives for making a researcher visible

To be an effective researcher, one must be able make presence visible !

In contemporary world, researcher must also be comfortable in connecting and making himself visible

For this Social media offers an interesting scope

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References Digital Researcher http://www.vitae.ac.uk/researchers/315321/Digital-

Researcher.html Cann, A., Dimitriou, K., Hooley, T., "Social Media : A guide for researchers",

(February), 2011http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/communicating-and-disseminating-research/social-media-guide-researchers

Pegrum, M., "'I link therefore I am': network literacy as a core digital literacy", E-learning and Digital Media 7(4), 346-354 2010 doi:10.2304/elea.2010.7.4.346

Research Information Network, "If you build it, will they come? How researchers perceive and use web 2.0", 2010http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/communicating-and-disseminating-research/use-and-relevance-web-20-researchers

iGoogle http://www.google.com/ig

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Recommended books..

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Thank you &stay in touch..

deshmukh.sg@gmail.com

http://www.slideshare.net/SanjeevDeshmukh

http://sgdeshmuk.blogspot.in/89