Resilience Project Second Workshop

Date： 2007 / May / 11th (Fri) 14:00-18:00 May / 12th (Sat) 8:30-17:00

Place： Curreac（Center in chamber of commerce and industry）

4597 Murakushi Hamamatsu Shizuoka 431-1207

Tel: 053-484-4155/Fax: 053-484-4150; URL: http://www.curreac.co.jp; E-mail: gd@curreac.co.jp

Program（presentation 10min、discussion 10min）

May 11th (Fri) Curreac Meeting room No.11 14:00-14:15 Registration （Travel document etc.）

14:15-14:30 Opening and the outline of Resilience Project

“Vulnerability and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems”

（Chair UMETSU）

14:30-14:50 Seasonal and interannual variation of precipitation over Tamil Nadu, India

Akiyo YATAGAI （RIHN）,

V. Geethalakshmi （Tamilnadu Agricultural University）

14:50-15:10 Recovery of salinity damages on soil and ground water from the Tsunami,

Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, India

Takashi KUME （Arid Land Research Center, Tottori Univ.）

15:10-15:20 Break

（Chair SHINJO）

15:20-15:40 Spatial variability of soil properties in a Miombo woodland in eastern Zambia

Yoko NORO （Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Univ.）

15:40-16:00 The diversity of farmers' livelihood systems and their assessment

Hidetoshi MIYAZAKI （RIHN）

16:00-16:20 Synthesis of soil management options for better targeting of technologies

Moses MWALE （ZARI）

（Chair LEKPRICHAKUL）

16:20-16:40 Determinants of Vulnerability of farm households: The case of Burkina Faso

Takeshi SAKURAI （Policy Research Institute, MAFF）

16:40-17:00 A plan of meteorological observation in Sinazongwe

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Hiromitsu KANNO （National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku

Region）

（Chair SHIMADA）

17:00-17:20 Discussion about coping activities of food shortages in semiarid areas, Sahel

- Case study at a Tamasheq Village, North of Burkina Faso-

Yudai ISHIMOTO（Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies,

Kyoto Univ.）

17:20-17:40 The subsistence strategies under restriction of local power;

Angolan immigrants on Kalahari ands in western Zambia

Rumiko MURAO （Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies,

Kyoto Univ.）

18:00- Sub-group meeting by theme members

May 12th（Sat） Zuno Center Room 212 （Chair UMETSU）

8:30-9:30 Business meeting

9:30-10:30 The progress report and plan of each Theme

Theme I「Ecological resilience and human activities under variable environment」

Hitoshi SHINJO （Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Univ.）

Theme II「How and when do farm households start perceiving a shock during the rainy

season? A design of a detailed household survey in Zambia」

Takeshi SAKURAI （Policy Research Institute, MAFF）

Theme III「Political-Ecology of Vulnerability and Resilience: Historical and Institutional

Perspective」

Shuhei SHIMADA （Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies,

Kyoto Univ.）

Theme IV「Integrated Analysis of Socio-Ecological Systems」

Mitsunori YOSHIMURA (RIHN)

10:30-10:40 Break

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（Chair SHIMADA）

10:40-11:00 Agricultural production and land use in Zambia

Kazuo HANZAWA （College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University）

11:00-11:20 Economic and social factors affecting food security in Zambia

Shiro KODAMAYA （Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi

Univ.）

（Chair YOSHIMURA）

11:20-11:40 Global Monitoring on Environmental Change

Tazu SAEKI (RIHN)

11:40-12:00 Preliminary Analysis for Vegetation and Land Use/Cover Monitoring in Multi-scale

Megumi YAMASHITA （Survey College of Kinki）

12:00-13:00 Lunch

13:00-13:20 Political and social factors of food crisis: Preliminary research on early warning

indicators for drought

Keiichiro MATSUMURA （Graduate School of Human and Environmental

Studies, Kyoto Univ）

13:20-13:40 Drought impact of the 2004/2005 agricultural season on crop production

Thamana LEKPRICHAKUL (RIHN)

13:40-14:00 Large scale household survey and the possibility for integrating with spatial

information

Chieko UMETSU (RIHN)

14:00-14:20 Data Integration with Location Information and Spatial Application / Analysis

Mitsunori YOSHIMURA (RIHN)

14:20-15:20 Discussion

15:20-15:30 Break

15:30-16:00 1. Research program for FY2007・Field Trip Schedule

2. Budget（UMETSU）

3. Acknowledgment in publication and presentation

4. A website and a logo (SAEKI・LEKPRICHAKUL)

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16:00-17:00 Administrative information

1. Business trips (Japan , overseas), cost reimbursement（IRIE and UMETSU）

2. Field work and insurance of RIHN（UMETSU）

3. Research Permission（UMETSU）

4. Others （UMETSU and OTHERS）

17:00 Closing

17:30 To MAISAKA station by bus

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RIHN’s Research Project 1-3FR Vulnerability and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems

The First Lusaka Workshop September 3, 2007

Date: Monday, September 3, 2007 Time: 9:00-17:00 Place: Conference Hall, Juls Guest House, Plot 5508 Lusiwasi Rd, Kalundu, Lusaka, Zambia Tel: 260-1-292-979, 260-1-293-972

9:00 Registration 9:15 Welcome address

• Ms. Chieko Umetsu, Project Leader, RIHN • Mr. Watson Mwale, Director of ZARI

9:25-10:35 Session 1 /Chair: Mr. Moses Mwale, ZARI 9:25 Project Overview

Vulnerability and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems Ms. Chieko Umetsu

9:45 Special Lecture Vulnerability and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems: Perspectives from Studies

Underway in Zambia of Urban/Rural Food Marketing Systems Professor Michael Weber, FSRP/MSU

10:35-10:40 Tea Break

10:40-11:40 Session 2/ Chair: Ms. Chieko Umetsu, RIHN 10:40 Ecological Resilience and Human Activities under Variable Environment (Theme I)

Mr. Hidetoshi Miyazaki & Ms. Yoko Noro 11:00 Evaluation of Agroforestry Plants for Soil Fertility Restoration and Enhanced

Sustainable Agricultural Productivity in Context of Resilience Research at Petauke, Eastern Zambia

Ms. Sesele Sokotela 11:20 Household and Community Response to Variable Environment (Theme II)

How and When Do Farm Households Start Perceiving a Shock during the Rainy Season? A Design of a Detailed Household Survey in Zambia

Mr. Thamana Lekprichakul for Mr. Takeshi Sakurai

11:40-12:35 Session 3 /Chair: Mr. Thamana Lekprichakul, RIHN 11:40 Political-Ecological Vulnerability and Resilience: Historical and Institutional

Perspectives (Theme III) Ms. Chieko Umetsu for Mr. Shuhei Shimada

11:55 The Socio-Economic Resilience in Rural Zambia in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Case Study of Nchelenge and Chipata

Mr. Chileshe L. Mulenga

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12:15 Vulnerability and Resilience of Rural Society in Zambia: From the View Point of Land Tenure and Food Security

Mr. Gear M. Kajoba 12:35-14:00 Lunch Meeting/Break

14:00-17:00 Session 4 /Chair: Mr. Mitsunori Yoshimura 14:00 Integrated Analysis of Social-Ecological Resilience (Theme IV)

Mr. Mitsunori Yoshimura 14:20 Monitoring of Global Climatic Change and Its Impact on Africa

Ms. Tazu Saeki 14:40 Preliminary Analysis of Vegetation and Land Use Change during Drought:

Multi-Scale Monitoring Approach Ms. Megumi Yamashita

15:00 Political and Social Factors of Food Crisis: Preliminary Research on Early Warning Indicators for Drought

Mr. Keiichiro Matsumura

15:20-15:35 Tea Break

15:35 Drought Impact of the 2004/2005 Agricultural Season on Crop Productions Mr. Thamana Lekprichakul

15:55 Extensive Household Survey and the Possibility for Integrating with Spatial Information

Ms. Chieko Umetsu 16:10 General Discussion/Comments/ Chair: Ms. Chieko Umetsu

16:50 Closing address Mr. Mitsunori Yoshimura, Theme IV’s Leader, RIHN

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Resilience Project Otaru Workshop

Date: March 8, 2008 8:00-18:30

Place: Classic Hall, Otaru Grand Hotel Classic

Shikinai 1-8-25 Otaru 047-1124; TEL.0134-25-9900 FAX.0134-25-9700

Workshop Program

8:00- 9:00 Theme Meeting

9:00-9:15 Summary of Project Activities in FY2007 and plan for the FY2008

Chieko UMETSU, RIHN

9:15-9:45 Labour Migrants in the City: From the Viewpoint of Ties between City and Village.

Chihiro Ito, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

9:45-10:15 The Introduction of Labor Migration and Solution for its Impacts by Sahelian

Agropastoralists－The Case Study of a Village in Northeastern Part of Burkina Faso－

Yudai Ishimoto, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

10:15-10:45 Rethink of African rural Development from Vulnerability Point of View

Shuhei Shimada, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

10:45-11:30 Applied Research and Socio-ecological Resilience: Social Learning, People-driven

Development and Climate

Lawrence Flint, ENDA and RIHN

11:30-12:00 Progress of the Field Studies under Theme-1 "Ecological Resilience and Human

Activities under Variable Environment’

Ueru Tanaka, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

12:00-13:00 Lunch

13:00-13:30 Farmers' Risk Management in Drought-Prone Area in Zambia

Takeshi Sakurai, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries

13:30-14:00 Longitudinal Monitoring Survey on the Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in

Zambia

Taro Yamauchi, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University

14:00-14:30 Annual Precipitation Variation in Southern Zambia and ENSO Signal

Hiromitsu Kanno, Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region

14:30-15:00 Installation of Weather Stations in Southern Province, Zambia

Tazu Saeki, RIHN

15:00-15:15 break

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15:15-15:45 Satellite Image Analysis and Field Survey Plans for Vegetation and Landuse/Cover

Monitoring

Megu Yamashita, Survey College of Kinki

Mitsunori Yoshimura, Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan (RESTEC)

15:45-16:15 RIHN Agricultural Household Survey Report, 2005/2006

Lekprichakul Thamana, RIHN

16:15-16:45 Research Organization for Trans-disciplinary Research: The Experiences from RIHN

Watershed Projects’

Chieko Umetsu, RIHN

16:45-17:30 Discussion

17:30-18:30 Core Member Meeting

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Abstract of Resilience Seminar in FY2007 The 17th Resilience Seminar

Date & time: Monday, April 23rd, 2007, 15:30-16:45 Place: RIHN Seminar Room 1&2 Title: Carrying capacity of land and environment of Africa Speaker: Shigeru Araki, Professor, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University [Abstract] Distribution of people in the continent of Africa is extremely uneven, according to the local environment and indigenous agriculture and livelihood systems whose understandings play a key role in analyzing physical and social resilience against drought in southern Zambia. With this in mind, the expansion of arable land and population dynamics will be considered based on field observation in Tanzania, Zambia and Namibia. The 18th Resilience Seminar

Date & time: Wednesday, June 20th, 2007, 15:30-16:45 Place: RIHN Seminar Room 3 & 4 Title: Synthesis of soil management options for better targeting of technologies and

ecological resilience under variable environmental conditions Speaker: Moses MWALE （Zambia Agricultural Research Institute） [Abstract] Lack of access to food and its availability is of central concern in Africa and a fundamental challenge for human welfare and economic growth. Low agricultural production results in low incomes, poor nutrition, vulnerability to risks and lack of empowerment. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) targets an average annual increase of 6% in agricultural productivity to ensure food security and sustained national economies. Land degradation and soil fertility or nutrient depletion are considered as the major threats to food security and natural resource conservation in the semi arid tropics (SAT). What is needed is to break the cycle between poverty and land degradation in Africa by employing strategies that empower farmers economically and promoting sustainable agricultural intensification using efficient, effective and affordable agricultural technologies. Such affordable management systems should be accessible to the poor, small-scale producers and the approach should be holistic and dynamic in order to foster both technical and institutional change. This paper aims to increase the dissemination of our knowledge base on soils and its management in Zambia. This includes issues of soil conservation and conservation farming.

164

The main activities being to: inventories available technologies for alleviating land degradation and how to demonstrate and adapt the best-bets in farmers’ circumstances using farmer participatory approaches; scale up best bet technologies for sustainable land management and marketing options through the use of appropriate tools, methods and strategies; and to study the resulting ecological resilience under variable environmental conditions. The 19th Resilience Seminar Date & time：Monday, July 30th, 2007, 15:30-16:45 Place：RIHN Lecture Hall Title：Living with the Bible: The Growth of Independent Churches in Southern Africa Speaker: Kenji Yoshida, National Museum of Ethnology

[Abstract] Since around 1990, there has been a rapid growth in the numbers of followers of so called independent churches in the southern Africa. Various activities of one of the independent churches in Zambia, namely Zion Spirit Church, will be discussed, and the origin of the church is to be scrutinized. The 20th Resilience Seminar

Date & time: November 22nd, 2007, 15:00-16:30 Place: RIHN Seminar Room 3 & 4 Speaker: Prof. Gear Kajoba, University of Zambia Title: Vulnerability and Resilience of Rural Society in Zambia: From the View Point of Land Tenure and Food Security [Abstract] The paper shows that pre-colonial ecologies of agricultural systems in some parts of rural Zambia were sustainable and resilient to prevailing environmental conditions, and were therefore able to ensure relative food security, under communal land tenure. However, colonial policies of land alienation and labour migration impacted negatively on food production systems of some ethnic groups like the citemene system of the Bemba and the flood plain cultivation system of the Lozi, making them extremely vulnerable due to the absence of large numbers of males. Paradoxically, the Tonga people in Southern Zambia responded positively to the introduction of modern methods of cultivation, exhibiting resilience by adapting and adopting the cultivation of hybrid maize and the ox-drawn plough.

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They also began to transform their land tenure system from being communal to become increasingly individualized. At independence in 1964, the UNIP government intervened strongly in promoting rural development (1964-1990), by subsidising maize production and by implementing protectionist policies to maintain communal tenure. However, food security could not be guaranteed, and the policies led to over dependence of small-scale farmers on government and on maize at the expense of other food crops. The introduction of neo-liberal policies (from 1991 to 2001) by the MMD government coupled with adverse weather conditions, made food production systems rather vulnerable to both policy and environmental shocks. However, efforts are being made(from 2001- to date) to continue with land tenure empowerment policies to ensure secure land tenure for both men and women, and make targeted interventions with partial subsidies to rebuild the resilience of rural society, so as to promote national and household food security. The 21st Resilience Seminar Date & time: February 15th, 2007, 15:00-16:30 Place: RIHN Seminar Room 1 & 2 Speaker 1: Mr.Tetsuya Nakamura, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University Title: The Livelihood of Tonga Peasant Farmer in Mountainous Area, Southern Zambia [Abstract] In 1950s, the huge artificial lake was developed by the construction of ‘Kariba dam’ at Zambezi River in Southern Zambia. As a result, over 50,000 ‘Tonga’ people were forced to migrate to the plane along the lake, where they had the pervasive problems of drought and land shortage. With this background, the study region, which is located on the Zambezi Escarpment covered by Miombo woodland between plateau and vally, is one of candidate sites of remigration. I try to disscuss about the livelihood at mountainous area, through the view of their social structure. Speaker 2: Miss Chihiro Ito, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University Title: Labour Migration as Livelihood Strategy: A Case Study in Southern Province, Zambia [Abstract]

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In African rural area, subsistent agriculture has long been the main mode of living. However, as the rural economy is highly integrated into monetary system, farmers find it harder to make their livings only out of agriculture, especially during the year of climatic and market variation. In response, they diversify their livelihoods in an attempt to mitigate and cope with those risks. Also in Zambia, non-agricultural activities have been the important income source for rural households; especially “labour migration” has played greater roles to sustain the rural economy. Both international and domestic labour migrations were often seen in colonial period, to supply labour for mining in copper belt and plantations in Southern Africa. However, this kind of migration is different from the current migration patterns in rural area. Therefore, I consider Labour migration as livelihood strategy for peasants and my study aims at what kind of impact does it have on rural society and economy. In this presentation, I will introduce about the characteristic of labour migration in my research area and discuss about the role of labour migration in my study area.

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