resources and capabilities · georgia tech’s nanocellulose resources and capabilities . ipst 2014...
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Georgia Tech’s Nanocellulose Resources and Capabilities
IPST 2014 Spring Conference IPST, 13-14 March, 2014
Norman MarsolanDirector, Institute of Paper Science & Tech (IPST)Prof. of the Practice, School of Chemical & Molecular Engineering
Robert J MoonMaterials Research Engineer, Forest Products Lab
Affiliate
Adjunct Prof., School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University
Reduce environmental footprint by switching to bioplastics !!
Renewable Materials - Possible Impact
• Cost is King• $ ?• Carbon ?• LSA ?
• Production Needs • Material Specifications• Reliability/Durability• Fit within existing process
Drivers: • Industry: Big small, newold• Consumers • Government
Paradigm Shift: • New Materials• New Products• New Industries
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Renewable Materials from BiomassChemicals Engineered Polymers
Fuels
Materials: Nanoparticles:
Biomass
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Biomass
Traditional Products from TreesLumber
Pulp & Paper
Cellulose Derivatives
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Biomass
Cellulose Nanomaterials (CN)
Engineer Integration into New Products
Materials: Nanoparticles:
• Composites• Reinforcement• Fibers, Gels & foams• Substrates/films
• Barrier/Filtration• Rheology Modifier• Hydration Modifier
FiberFlake
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Wood- Cellulose Nanomaterials (CNs)
Moon et al., Chem Soc Rev 2011.6
Many “Flavors” of CNs
Acid Hydrolysis
Fibrillar Types:
Rod Types:Mechanical
Chem/Mech
Dufresne et al., J. App. Poly. Sci., 1997
(CNC) Cellulose Nanocrystals
(CNF) Cellulose Nanofibrils
(CMF) Cellulose Microfibrils• Crystallinity• Stiffness• Tensile strength• Length• Branching
• >99% cellulose• 60-100% Crystal
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Induce New Functionality Readily Reactive Surface: -OH Alter CN-CN, & CN-Matrix e-, antimicrobial, Alter self assembly
•TEMPO regioselective oxidation•sulfonation•halogenated acetic acids•carboxylic acid halides•acid anhydrides•epoxides•isocyanates•chlorosilanes
Covalent Bonding
Many “Sprinkles” for Surface Modification
Polyelectrolyte multilayers
Proteins
Amphiphilic copolymers
NPs, ALD, QDs
Surfactants
Polymer grafting
100 nm
silver
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Why Nano → New Properties?
LowerDefects
↑ Uniform ↑ % Crystallinity ↓ stress concentration
HigherMechanicalProperties
HighSurface
Area
↑ reaction sites to mass ratio ↑ Particle-Particle bond area/vol. ↑ Particle-Matrix bond area/vol. ↑ branching to mass ratio
StrongerNetwork
OpticalProperties
•Transparency•Iridescence•Birefringence
↓ light scattering ↑ Particle-Particle interaction
SelfAssembly
Liquid Crystalline Network formation • Alignment
• Network9
CN Characteristics“Green”/Sustainable Thermal Expansion:
Transparent:
Biodegradable
Mechanical Props:
Water:
Thermal Stability:
300C Max
Surface Chemistry:
EHS:
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CN Resources and CapabilitiesR&D Theme Areas
EI2:
CN Potential In Neighborhood:
Collaborations
• Complex Carb Research Center (CCRC)
Enterprise Innovation
Sustainable Systems
Brook Byers Institute
• IPST• Organic Photonics &
Electronics (COPE)• Drug Delivery (CD4)• Specialty Separators (SSC)• Strategic Energy (SEI)• Fuel cell & Battery
• Nanocomposites• Electronics to Cellulose• Barrier Films
New Manufacture
Manufacturing Institute
• Health & Human Systems• Energy/Environment• Manufacturing Tech
Prototyping
• Sustainability• Energy• Health
Institute for Materials
GT Research Institute
New Materials
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R&D Theme AreasComposites• Surface functionalization • Cross-Linking CNs• Foams, Hydrogels, Fibers• 27 peer review pubs
Barrier Films:• Moisture & Water• Oxygen• 3 peer review pubs
Electronic Devices:• Organic Solar, LED• Supercapacitors• Ionic Diodes• 4 peer review pubs
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Goal: Reduce Environmental Footprint!!
Recyclable Materials - Possible Impact
Zhou, Y.H. et al. ,. Sci. Rep. 3, 1536; DOI:10.1038/srep01536 (2013).
(COPE)
Organic Solar Cells:• Low cost fabrication• Light weight• Mechanical Flexibility
Paper Substrates:• Low cost, weight & flexible• Low power conversion efficiencies (PCE)• Rough surface
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Recyclable Materials - Possible Impact
Reduce Environmental Footprint!!• Solar Device• Recyclable Electronics
Bernard KippelenProfessor; Director, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics; Joseph M. Pettit ProfessorMicroelectronics/Microsystems, and Optics and Photonics
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
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Reduce Environmental Footprint!!
Self-Powered - Possible ImpactZhong Lin WangHightower Chair in MSE, Regents' Professor Adjunct Professor Chemistry and Biochemistry Adjunct Professor ECE
Supercapasitors:• Store energy from solar• Store energy for LED• Store energy for sensor
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Opportunities in Composite Design
Hybrid Composites
Mechanical
Network Former
Okahisa et al., 2009
Rheology
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• Network Density• control network structure
Network FormerTailored Properties
• Density• Surface Functionalization• CN-CN interaction• CN-Matrix
• Functionalization• control surface characteristics• nanoparticles, molecules
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Ma et al. BioMacromolecules, 2011, 12, 970-976
• Membranes-Filtration• Particulate, molecules • Alter Fiber Properties
Barrier/FiltrationTailored Barrier Capabilities
• Within Fiber• CN Surface Functionalization• Fiber Surface Functionalization• Fiber network
• Membranes-Batteries• Anions & Cations
• Membranes-Medical• Filter Particles, Bacteria, Fungi,• Drug Pump
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CharacterizationTools
Understanding &Synthesis
Manufacturing& Processing
Large-scale and high throughput
limited analytical methods
Base material
Self-assemblyFunctionalizationModeling
availability & variability
Possibilities → Reality
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RamieRamie
Thank you for your Attention
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