resources for working with the indigenous languages of ... · indigenous languages – nabe 2011 2...

NCELA is operated under contract ED-04-CO-0094/0002 from the US Department of Education to The George Washington University. Our mission is to provide technical assistance information to state education agencies,

local education agencies, and others regarding the education of English language learners.

Languages of North America and Languages of North America and the Pacific Islandsthe Pacific Islands

Keira Ballantyne, Ph.D.Keira Ballantyne, Ph.D.Mari B. Rasmussen, Ph.D.Mari B. Rasmussen, Ph.D.

National Clearinghouse for English Language National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (NCELA)Acquisition (NCELA)

National Association for Bilingual Education Annual National Association for Bilingual Education Annual Conference, February 2011, New Orleans, LAConference, February 2011, New Orleans, LA

Resources for working Resources for working with the Indigenouswith the Indigenous

Indigenous languages Indigenous languages –– NABE NABE 20112011 22

National Clearinghouse for English National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition Language Acquisition

Authorized through Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Authorized through Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education ActEducation Act

Contract Contract betweenbetween George Washington University and Office of George Washington University and Office of English Language Acquisition English Language Acquisition

Purpose:Purpose: Collect, analyze, synthesize and disseminate information about Collect, analyze, synthesize and disseminate information about

language instruction education programs for limited English proflanguage instruction education programs for limited English proficiency iciency children, children,

Coordinate activities with Federal data and information clearingCoordinate activities with Federal data and information clearinghouses,houses, Develop a system for improving the operations and effectiveness Develop a system for improving the operations and effectiveness of of

federally funded language instruction education programs and federally funded language instruction education programs and


Collect information on:Collect information on:

Educational research and processes Educational research and processes related to limited English proficient related to limited English proficient children,children,

Accountability systems that monitor the Accountability systems that monitor the academic progress of limited English academic progress of limited English proficient children in language instruction proficient children in language instruction education programs. education programs.


PresentersPresenters Keira G. Ballantyne, PhDKeira G. Ballantyne, PhD

NCELANCELA PhD in Linguistics from the University of Hawaii, MPhD in Linguistics from the University of Hawaii, Māānoanoa Dissertation Research Dissertation Research –– Narrative in Yapese Narrative in Yapese

(Micronesia)(Micronesia) Mari B. Rasmussen, PhDMari B. Rasmussen, PhD

NCELANCELA PhD in Teaching and Learning from the University of PhD in Teaching and Learning from the University of

North DakotaNorth Dakota Dissertation Research Dissertation Research –– ELL/Bilingual Teacher ELL/Bilingual Teacher

Perceptions/25 years work with Native American Perceptions/25 years work with Native American bilingual/language development programs in North bilingual/language development programs in North DakotaDakota


AgendaAgenda Introduction & OverviewIntroduction & Overview

Language endangermentLanguage endangerment ParticipantsParticipants

North American LanguagesNorth American Languages Heritage languages and curriculumHeritage languages and curriculum Programs & MaterialsPrograms & Materials

Native American and Native Alaska Children in Schools Native American and Native Alaska Children in Schools Program Program

Pacific LanguagesPacific Languages Language mapsLanguage maps

What is Happening in the Classroom & What are the Needs?What is Happening in the Classroom & What are the Needs? What are your resources?What are your resources? What do you need?What do you need?

Research and ResourcesResearch and Resources NCELANCELA’’s resource collections resource collection

Session Adjourned/EvaluationsSession Adjourned/Evaluations

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Linguistic Diversity & Language Linguistic Diversity & Language EndangermentEndangerment

How many languages are there in the world?How many languages are there in the world?

Almost 7,000Almost 7,000 ((www.ethnologue.comwww.ethnologue.com))

These languages are not distributed These languages are not distributed evenly around the worldevenly around the world

A strange map: what if each country were A strange map: what if each country were sized based on the number of languages sized based on the number of languages rather than geographical area?rather than geographical area?

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Parkvall, M. (2006). Limits of Language. William, James & Co.: Sherwood, OR. Reprinted with the kind permission of the author.

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Michael Krauss: estimates that 50% of the Michael Krauss: estimates that 50% of the worldworld’’s languages will have been lost by s languages will have been lost by 2100. 2100. (Note: This is an estimate with a wide margin of error!)(Note: This is an estimate with a wide margin of error!)

When do we lose a language?When do we lose a language?

When the last speaker dies? When the last speaker dies? Or when the children stop Or when the children stop

learning it as their mother learning it as their mother tongue?tongue?

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Languages in the United StatesLanguages in the United States

Ethnologue lists 245 languages spoken in Ethnologue lists 245 languages spoken in the United Statesthe United States

65 of these are extinct65 of these are extinct 74 are endangered (with only elderly 74 are endangered (with only elderly

speakers left)speakers left)

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How many kids in US schools How many kids in US schools speak Native American languages?speak Native American languages?

224

275

683

1,240

1,327

1,342

2,010

6,362

11,032

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Native Amer Indian North American Indian

ZuniCherokee

OjibwaDakotaInupiaqYupic Navajo

Data are from state-reported Consolidated State Performance Reports, 2008-09. States report the “top five” languages spoken by English learner students. States must use ISO 639-2 codes to enter languages in the reporting system. There are 545 languages in the ISO 639-2 list.

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How many kids in US schools speak How many kids in US schools speak indigenous Pacific languages?indigenous Pacific languages?

656

656

1,866

2,762

2,824

4,371

28,175

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Samoan

Tongan

Chuukese

Filipino Pilipino

Marshallese

Ilocano

Tagalog


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Varesave foki naiVaresave foki nai--len pengi nogi chib, si kokoro posh foki.len pengi nogi chib, si kokoro posh foki.A people without their own language is only half a people.A people without their own language is only half a people.Romani sayingRomani saying

Heb iath, heb genedl.Heb iath, heb genedl.No language, no nation.No language, no nation.Welsh proverbWelsh proverb

(Nettle & Romaine 2000, p. 23)(Nettle & Romaine 2000, p. 23)


ParticipantsParticipants

Where are you from?Where are you from? Do you work in the classroom?Do you work in the classroom?What is the language background and What is the language background and

culture of the students you work with? culture of the students you work with? Are the languages vital or endangered? To Are the languages vital or endangered? To

what degree?what degree?


North American LanguagesNorth American Languages


Top Native American Languages Top Native American Languages Districts Report to the US Districts Report to the US Department of Education Department of Education

Navajo Navajo UpicUpic InupiaqInupiaq Lakota/DakotaLakota/Dakota

CherokeeCherokee ZuniZuni ShoshoneShoshone BlackfootBlackfoot


Why Use ChildrenWhy Use Children’’s Home s Home LanguageLanguage

Increases Academic AchievementIncreases Academic Achievement

Decreases DropDecreases Drop--out Ratesout Rates

Increases English Language ProficiencyIncreases English Language Proficiency

Increases PostIncreases Post--secondary Successsecondary Success

Fosters Positive Relationships with Fosters Positive Relationships with Community Community

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What is Happening with What is Happening with Native Languages in Native Languages in

Classrooms?Classrooms?


Examples of School District Examples of School District ProgramsPrograms


Instructional MaterialsInstructional Materials


Instructional ApproachesInstructional Approaches

Develop a PlanDevelop a Plan Use the communityUse the community

EldersElders

Teach holisticallyTeach holistically Incorporate language intro the curriculumIncorporate language intro the curriculum Connect to State Content StandardsConnect to State Content Standards

Example Example -- Blackfoot language and MathBlackfoot language and Math http://www.opi.mt.gov/PDF/IndianEd/Search/Mathemahttp://www.opi.mt.gov/PDF/IndianEd/Search/Mathema

tics/GK%20Shapes%20in%20Blackfeet.pdftics/GK%20Shapes%20in%20Blackfeet.pdf


State PoliciesState Policies

Minnesota Minnesota –– Curriculum FrameworksCurriculum Frameworks The Indian Education Office provides a selection of highThe Indian Education Office provides a selection of high--

quality, culturally relevant curriculum frameworks in a quality, culturally relevant curriculum frameworks in a variety of subject areas.variety of subject areas. These frameworks are These frameworks are available to classroom teachers, parents and students available to classroom teachers, parents and students and can help bring American Indian culture, values, and can help bring American Indian culture, values, traditions and history into the classroom.traditions and history into the classroom. They can also They can also be used at home to enrich student learning in these be used at home to enrich student learning in these areas.areas. The frameworks provide lesson guidance for the The frameworks provide lesson guidance for the intermediate, middle and high school levels.intermediate, middle and high school levels.

http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/Indian_Education/K12_Curriculum/index.htmlIndian_Education/K12_Curriculum/index.html



Montana Montana –– Indian Education For All Indian Education For All

State legislation providing funding for all State legislation providing funding for all Montanans in school to learn about the Montanans in school to learn about the distinct and unique heritage of American distinct and unique heritage of American Indians. Indians.

http://www.opi.mt.gov/programs/indianed/http://www.opi.mt.gov/programs/indianed/



North Dakota North Dakota –– Senate Bill 2339Senate Bill 2339

Funding for language programs in schoolsFunding for language programs in schools


Title III Native American and Title III Native American and Alaska Native Children in Alaska Native Children in

Schools ProgramSchools Program

Grants to support language instsruction Grants to support language instsruction education projects for limited English education projects for limited English language learner students (Els) from language learner students (Els) from Native American, Alaska Native, native Native American, Alaska Native, native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander backgrounds. backgrounds.


Eligible applicants: Eligible applicants: Indian tribes,Indian tribes, Tribally sanctioned educational authorities,Tribally sanctioned educational authorities, Educational organizations,Educational organizations, BIE, grant and contract schools, orBIE, grant and contract schools, or Consortium of schools.Consortium of schools.

Estimated range of awards: Estimated range of awards: $175,000 $175,000 -- $200,000$200,000

Project Period: Project Period: five yearsfive years


Competitive PrioritiesCompetitive Priorities

1.1. Novice ApplicantsNovice Applicants2.2. Increasing post secondary Increasing post secondary

successsuccess3.3. Enabling more dataEnabling more data--based based

decisiondecision--makingmaking


Invitational PrioritiesInvitational Priorities

1.1. Parental involvement to improve Parental involvement to improve school readiness and success school readiness and success

2.2. Supporting Native American Supporting Native American language instructionlanguage instruction


Further informationFurther information

NCELA Website NCELA Website http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/grants/nam/http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/grants/nam/ Trini Torres CarrionTrini Torres Carrion US Department of Education US Department of Education OELAOELA 202202--4010144540101445 [email protected]@ed.gov

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Languages of the Pacific: The Languages of the Pacific: The Austronesia Language FamilyAustronesia Language Family

1,257 languages, or more than 18% of the 1,257 languages, or more than 18% of the worldworld’’s language belong to this family.s language belong to this family.

It is the worldIt is the world’’s largest language family in s largest language family in both both number of languagesnumber of languages and and geographic areageographic area..

3535Scanned map of the Pacific ocean courtesy of University of Texas Libraries Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection.

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Austronesia Language Family Austronesia Language Family includes:includes:

Indigenous languages of TaiwanIndigenous languages of Taiwan Languages of the PhilippinesLanguages of the Philippines Languages of IndonesiaLanguages of IndonesiaMany languages of MelanesiaMany languages of Melanesia Languages of MicronesiaLanguages of Micronesia Languages of PolynesiaLanguages of PolynesiaMalagasy, spoken in Madagascar, off the Malagasy, spoken in Madagascar, off the

coast of Africacoast of Africa

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States where EL students speak States where EL students speak Pacific languagesPacific languages


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High Incidence LanguagesHigh Incidence Languages

Languages of the Philippines, including Languages of the Philippines, including Tagalog and IlokanoTagalog and Ilokano

Micronesian languages: Marshallese (in Micronesian languages: Marshallese (in Arkansas & HawaiArkansas & Hawai’’i) and Chuukese (in i) and Chuukese (in HawaiHawai’’i)i)

Polynesian languages: SPolynesian languages: Sāāmoan and moan and Tongan (in Utah & HawaiTongan (in Utah & Hawai’’i) and Hawaiiani) and Hawaiian

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Resources: Resources: ’’Aha PAha Pūūnana Leonana Leo

““Language NestLanguage Nest”” preschoolspreschools Vision: Vision: E ola ka E ola ka ‘‘ōōlelo Hawailelo Hawai‘‘ii, the , the

Hawaiian language shall live.Hawaiian language shall live. Began in 1983Began in 1983——fewer than 50 fewer than 50

children under 18 were fluent children under 18 were fluent speakers speakers

Almost 30 years later, students can Almost 30 years later, students can earn Hawaiian language doctorate.earn Hawaiian language doctorate.

http://www.ahapunanaleo.org/http://www.ahapunanaleo.org/

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Resources: Pacific Resources for Resources: Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL)Education and Learning (PREL)

PALM (Pacific Area Language PALM (Pacific Area Language Materials) Approx 800 materials Materials) Approx 800 materials items in 11 Pacific languages: items in 11 Pacific languages: Carolinian, Chamorro, Chuukese, Carolinian, Chamorro, Chuukese, Kosraean, Marshallese, Palauan, Kosraean, Marshallese, Palauan, Pohnpeian, Samoan, Ulithian, Pohnpeian, Samoan, Ulithian, Woleaian, YapeseWoleaian, Yapese

http://www.prel.org/palm/http://www.prel.org/palm/

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Lamaan Boechi Lamaan Boechi Ea GamanmaanEa Gamanmaan

(Yapese text: (Yapese text: Animal Noises) Animal Noises)

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Pacific Language Early Readers 10 Pacific Language Early Readers 10 KK--3 books, some with audio files, 3 books, some with audio files, available in: Carolinian, Chamorro, available in: Carolinian, Chamorro, Chuukese, Kosraean, Marshallese, Chuukese, Kosraean, Marshallese, Palauan, Pohnpeian, Samoan, Palauan, Pohnpeian, Samoan, YapeseYapese

http://www.prel.org/products/re_/earlyhttp://www.prel.org/products/re_/earlyreaders/index.htmlreaders/index.html

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TEAMS (Teaching Educators About TEAMS (Teaching Educators About Micronesian Students)Micronesian Students)

http://www.prel.org/teams/index.asphttp://www.prel.org/teams/index.asp FAQs about Micronesian studentsFAQs about Micronesian students Teacher Resource on Selected Pacific Teacher Resource on Selected Pacific

Cultural Topics (Teach ReSPCT)Cultural Topics (Teach ReSPCT) ““a a compendium of cultural knowledge compendium of cultural knowledge aimed at serving the children of the aimed at serving the children of the Pacific Pacific ””

Further web resources and more!Further web resources and more!

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Resources: Pacific Resources for Education Resources: Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL)and Learning (PREL)

Island Alphabet Books Island Alphabet Books http://www.prel.org/products/readinghttp://www.prel.org/products/reading--andand--literacy/islandliteracy/island--alphabetalphabet--books.aspxbooks.aspx

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HHōōkkūūlele’’a & the Polynesian a & the Polynesian Voyaging SocietyVoyaging Society

HHōōkkūūlele’’a is a traditional Polynesian a is a traditional Polynesian voyaging canoe launched in 1975.voyaging canoe launched in 1975.

http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/Polynesian Voyaging SocietyPolynesian Voyaging SocietyResources include:Resources include:Classroom resources & activitiesClassroom resources & activitiesMaps Maps Songs & chantsSongs & chantsFilm & videoFilm & video

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Sharing ResourcesSharing Resources

What are you doing to support Native What are you doing to support Native languages in your languages in your classroom/school/community?classroom/school/community?

What key resources do you have in your What key resources do you have in your community to share?community to share?

What resources do you need?What resources do you need?

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NCELA Resource LibraryNCELA Resource Library

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How can you use the Resource Library in How can you use the Resource Library in your school or community?your school or community?

How can we improve the Resource Library How can we improve the Resource Library to help you in your work?to help you in your work?

How can NCELA support you in your How can NCELA support you in your work? work?

Thank you!Thank you!AhAhééhee' (Navajo)hee' (Navajo)Ashoge (Apache)Ashoge (Apache)

Kam magar (Yapese)Kam magar (Yapese)Pidamaya! (Dakota)Pidamaya! (Dakota)Mahalo! (Hawaiian)Mahalo! (Hawaiian)

NitsNitsííniiyi'taki! (Blackfoot)niiyi'taki! (Blackfoot)Quyana (Central Yup'ik)Quyana (Central Yup'ik)


Contact InformationContact Information

Keira G. BallantyneKeira G. Ballantyne [email protected]@gwu.edu

Mari B. RasmussenMari B. Rasmussen [email protected]@gwu.edu

NCELANCELA 800800--321321--62236223

http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/

resources for working with the indigenous languages of ... · indigenous languages – nabe 2011 2...

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