Respiratory DisordersRespiratory Disorders

Common ColdCommon Cold Contagious viral respiratory Contagious viral respiratory

infectioninfection Indirect causes – chilling, Indirect causes – chilling,

fatigue, lack of proper food, fatigue, lack of proper food, and not enough sleepand not enough sleep

Rx – stay in bed, drink warm Rx – stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good liquids and fruit juice, good nutritionnutrition

Also called an Upper Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)Respiratory Infection (URI)

Handwashing is best Handwashing is best preventative measurepreventative measure

LaryngitisLaryngitis

Inflammation of larynx or voice boxInflammation of larynx or voice boxOften secondary to other respiratory Often secondary to other respiratory

infectionsinfectionsSymptoms—sore throat, hoarseness Symptoms—sore throat, hoarseness

or loss of voice, dysphagia (difficulty or loss of voice, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)swallowing)

SinusitusSinusitus Infection of mucous Infection of mucous

membrane that lines membrane that lines sinus cavitiessinus cavities

Caused by bacteria Caused by bacteria or virusor virus

Symptoms:Symptoms: Headache or pressureHeadache or pressure Thick nasal dischargeThick nasal discharge Loss of voice Loss of voice

resonanceresonance

Rx –Rx – AnalgesicsAnalgesics Medications to Medications to

loosen secretionsloosen secretions Surgery for chronic Surgery for chronic

sinusitissinusitis

PharyngitsPharyngits ““Sore throat”Sore throat” Red, inflamed Red, inflamed

throatthroat

BronchitisBronchitis

Inflammation of the Inflammation of the mucous membrane of mucous membrane of the trachea and the trachea and bronchial tubesbronchial tubes

Produces excessive Produces excessive mucusmucus

May be acute or May be acute or chronicchronic

BronchitisBronchitis

Acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis characterized by characterized by cough, fever, cough, fever, substernal pain and substernal pain and RALES (rapsy RALES (rapsy sound)sound)

Chonic bronchitis – Chonic bronchitis – middle or old age, middle or old age, cigarette smoking cigarette smoking most common most common causecause

Influenza (Flu)Influenza (Flu)ViralViral infection causing infection causing

inflammation of the mucus inflammation of the mucus membranesmembranes

Symptons: Fever, Symptons: Fever, mucopurulent discharge, mucopurulent discharge, muscular pain, extreme muscular pain, extreme exhaustionexhaustion

Complications: Complications: pneumonia, neuritis, otitis pneumonia, neuritis, otitis media and pleurisymedia and pleurisy

Rx: treat the symptomsRx: treat the symptoms

PneumoniaPneumonia Infection of the lungInfection of the lungCan be caused by Can be caused by

bacteria or virusbacteria or virusAlveoli fill with Alveoli fill with

exudate (thick fluid)exudate (thick fluid)Symptoms – chest Symptoms – chest

pain, fever, chills, pain, fever, chills, and dyspneaand dyspnea

Rx – O2 and Rx – O2 and antibiotics antibiotics

Tuberculosis (TB)Tuberculosis (TB)

Very infectious Very infectious bacterial lung bacterial lung diseasedisease

Tubercles Tubercles (lesions) form in (lesions) form in the lungsthe lungs

Tuberculosis (TB) SymptomsTuberculosis (TB) Symptoms

CoughCough Low grade fever in the afternoonLow grade fever in the afternoon Weight lossWeight loss Night sweatNight sweat

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Diagnosis – TB skin testDiagnosis – TB skin test If skin test positive – follow up with chest If skin test positive – follow up with chest

X-ray and sputum sampleX-ray and sputum sample RX – antibioticRX – antibiotic

Tuberculosis GameTuberculosis Game

Go to this website and play this Go to this website and play this computer game about tuberculosis:computer game about tuberculosis:

nobelprize.org/educational_games/nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/medicine/tuberculosis/

AsthmaAsthma

Inflammatory airway Inflammatory airway obstructionobstruction

Caused by an Caused by an allergen or allergen or psychological stresspsychological stress

5% of Americans 5% of Americans have asthmahave asthma

AsthmaAsthma

Symptoms:Symptoms: Difficulty Difficulty

ExhalingExhaling DyspneaDyspnea WheezingWheezing Tightness in Tightness in

chestchest

AsthmaAsthma

Rx: anti-Rx: anti-inflammatory drugs inflammatory drugs and inhaled and inhaled bronchodilatorbronchodilator

EmphysemaEmphysema

Alveoli become over-Alveoli become over-dilated, lose their dilated, lose their elasticity, can’t reboundelasticity, can’t rebound

May eventually ruptureMay eventually rupture Air becomes trapped, Air becomes trapped,

can’t exhale –can’t exhale – Forced exhalation requiredForced exhalation required Reduced exchange of O2 Reduced exchange of O2

and CO2and CO2 Dyspnea increases as Dyspnea increases as

disease progresses.disease progresses.

PneumothoraxPneumothorax

Collasped lung due to air in the pleural Collasped lung due to air in the pleural cavitycavity

Corrected by putting in a chest tube.Corrected by putting in a chest tube.

ThoracentesisThoracentesis

Insertion of a needle through the thoracic Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain fluidfluid

The EndThe End